1

1 2004-2005Pharmacology Reviewof Everything(Principles, Cardiovascular and Respiratory drugs have been updated)

2 AbacavirAntiretroviralNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

3 AbciximabAntiplateletAnti-GPIIb/IIIa receptor antibody

4 AcarboseOral hypoglycemicAlpha-glucosidase inhibitorInhibitor of intestinal glucose absorption

5 AcebutololSympatholyticβ1 adrenergic antagonistClass II antiarrhythmicAntihypertensiveAntianginalBronchoconstrictor

6 AcetaminophenAnalgesic, Antipyretic

7 AcetazolamideDiureticCarbonic anhydrase inhibitor

8 AcetylcholineCholinomimeticAntigluacomaMuscle contraction (nicotinic receptor)

9 Activated charcoalAntidote

10 AcyclovirAntiherpesPurine analog

2

Phosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

11 AdalimumabTNF inhibitorAnti-TNF antibodyUsed in rheumatoid arthritis

12 AdenosineAntiarrhythmicMiscellaneous(does not fit class I-IV organization)

13 Adrenocorticotropin(ACTH)Anterior pituitary hormoneAnticonvulsantStimulates synthesisand release of cortisol

14 AlbendazoleAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinal roundworms

15 AlbuterolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistShort acting bronchodilatorUsed in asthma

16 AldosteroneAdrenocorticosteroidMineralocorticoid

17 AlemtuzumabAntineoplasticAnti-CD52 antibody

18 AlendronateAnti-osteoporesisBisphosphonateInhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

19 AlfentanilOpioidGeneral anaestheticIntravenous anaesthetic

3

20 AllopurinolAntigoutAntineoplastic (supporting agent)Folic acid analogueXanthine oxidase inhibitor

21 AlosetronIBS treatment5HT3 receptor antagonist

22 AlteplaseThrombolyticTissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

23 Aluminum hydroxideAntiulcerAntacid

24 AmantadineAntiviralAntiparkinsonTreatment of Influenza AInhibits replication

at the stage of uncoatingInhibits dopamine release

25 AmikacinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

26 AmiloridePotassium sparing diureticSodium channel inhibitorAntihypertensive

27 Aminocaproic acid (EACA)ProcoagulantInhibitor of plasminogen activation(decreases fibrinolysis)

28 AminoglutethimideAntineoplasticImmunosuppressiveGlucocorticoid antagonist

4

Aromatase inhibitor(decreases steroid synthesis)

29 AminoglycosidesAntibioticsBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitors30S ribosomeFreeze initiation

30 AminophyllineBronchodilatorMethylxanthinePhosphodiesterase inhibitorUsed in asthma

31 AmiodaroneClass I/III antiarrhythmicNa+ and K+ channel blocker(inactivated channels)

32 AmitriptylineTricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

33 AmlodipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

34 AmoxicillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorAntiulcerAmino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

35 AmphetamineIndirect sympathomimeticDrug of abuseADD treatmentStimulant

36 AmpicillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorAmino penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

37 Amphotericin BAntifungal

5

Polyene antibioticBinds to ergosterol and alters permeabilitySystemic

38 AmsacrineAntineoplasticMiscellaneous

39 Amyl nitriteVasodilatorAntianginalAerosol

40 AnastrozoleAntineoplasticAntiestrogenAromatase inhibitor

41 Angiotensin IIAutacoidVasoconstrictor

42 AnistreplaseThrombolyticStreptokinase + plasminogen

43 Anthraquinonescascara segrada, danthron, senna

Contact cathartics

44 Anti-thymocyte globulinImmunosuppressiveAnti-T cell antibody

45 Aprepitant dimenhydrinateAntiemeticNeurokinin 1 receptor antagonist

46 AprotininProcoagulantFibrinolytic inhibitorSerine protease inhibitor (“serpin”)Streptokinase inhibitor

47 ArsenicalsTropical antiparasitic

6

Treatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS

48 L-asparaginaseAntineoplasticProtein synthesis inhibitor

49 Aspirin(Acetylsalicylic acid, ASA)NSAID (acetylsalicylate)Analgesic, Anti-inflammatoryAntipyretic, AntiplateletIrreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor

50 Aspart insulinHormoneInsulin analogueUltra short acting

51 AtenololSympatholyticβ1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveAntiarrhythmicAntianginalBronchoconstrictor

52 AtorvastatinAntihyperlipidemicHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

53 AtovaquoneAntimalarialDepolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits electron transport

54 AtracuriumParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

55 AtropineAnticholinergicAntimuscarinicTreatment for bradycardia, diarrhea, cholinesterase poisoning

56 AuranofinDisease modifyinganti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)

7

Gold saltOral

57 AurothioglucoseDisease modifyinganti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)Gold saltParenteral

58 AzathioprineImmunosuppressiveAntineoplasticAntimetabolite(“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP)

59 AzithromycinMacrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosome Inhibits translocation

60 AztreonamNew β lactam antibioticMonobactam

61 BacitracinAntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorTopical, not a β lactam,Inhibits dephosphorylation of bactoprenol

62 BaclofenSkeletal muscle relaxantAnxiolyticGABAB agonist

63 BalsalazideNSAID (salicylate)Treatment of IBD

64 BasiliximabImmunosuppressiveAnti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor)Organ transplant (antirejection)

65 BeclomethasoneAdrenocorticosteroid

8

GlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidInhaled

66 BenazoprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

67 Benzathine penicillin GPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking Repository preparation

68 BenztropineAnticholinergicAntiparkinsonMuscarinic receptor antagonist

69 BetamethasoneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidNot by inhalation

70 BetaxololSympatholyticβ1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveGlaucoma medicationBronchoconstrictor

71 BethanecolCholinomimeticMuscarinic agonistInduces defecation and urinationBronchoconstrictor

72 BicalutamideAntiandrogenAndrogen receptor antagonist

73 BiltolterolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistBronchodilator

74 Bisacodyl

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Contact cathartic

75 Bismuth subsalicylateAntiulcerAntidiarrheal

76 BispropololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

77 BivalirudinAnticoagulantDirect thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

78 Black cohoshDietary supplementRelief of “hot flashes” and other menopausal symptoms

79 BleomycinAntineoplasticNatural productAntibiotic

80 Botulinum toxin(Botox)ParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

81 BradykininInflammatory mediatorPlasma, hypotension, pain

82 BretyliumSympatholyticClass III antiarrhythmicK+ channel blocker

83 BromocriptineAntiparkinsonDopamine (D2) agonistInhibits prolactin release

84 Brupropion

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Second generation antidepressant

85 BudesonideAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidInhaled OR treatment of IBD

86 BumetanideLoop diureticNa+-K+-2Cl- transporter inhibitor

87 BuprenorphineOpioidPartial agonist

88 BuspironeSedative/hypnoticAnxiolytic

89 BusulfanAntineoplasticAlkylating agent

90 ButorphanolOpioidAnalgesicµ receptor partial agonistor antagonist

91 C3a, C5aInflammatory mediatorsAnaphylatoxinsLow molecular weight complement cleavage products

92 Calcium carbonateAntiulcerAntacid

93 CandesartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

94 CaptoprilAntihypertensive

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Converting enzyme inhibitor Heart failure treatmentAngioedema producer

95 CarbamazepineAnticonvulsant

96 CarbenicillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorAnti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

97 CarbidopaAntiparkinsonPeripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor

98 CarboprostOxytocic prostaglandinUterine stimulant

99 Carmustine (BCNU)AntineoplasticAlkylating agentNitrosourea

100 CarteololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

101 CarvedilolSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistTreatment for heart failure

102 Cascara sagradaContact catharticAnthraquinone derivative

103 CaspofunginEchinocandin antifungalBlocks synthesis of fungalβ (1,3)-d-glucan in the cell wall

104 Castor Oil

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Contact cathartic

105 CefaclorCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor2nd generationOral

106 CefadroxilCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor1st generationOral

107 CefepimeCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor4th generationCSF penetration

108 CefotaximeCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor3rd generationCSF penetration

109 CefoxitinCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor2nd generation

110 CeftazidimeCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor3rd generation

111 CeftriaxoneCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor3rd generationCSF penetration

112 CefuroximeCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor2nd generationCSF penetration

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113 CelecoxibNSAIDAnti-inflammatoryCyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor

114 CephalexinCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor1st generationOral

115 CephalosporinsAntibioticsβ lactamCell wall synthesis inhibitorsInhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

116 CephalothinCephalosporin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitor1st generationOral

117 CetirizineAntihistamineH1 antagonistNon-sedating

118 CetrorelixGonadotropin releasing hormone antagonistSynthetic GnRH analogue

119 Chloral hydrateSedative/HypnoticGeneral anaestheticActs on GABAA receptor complexSimilar to barbiturates

120 ChloramphenicolAntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosomeInhibits peptide bond formation

121 ChlordiazepoxideSedative/hypnotic

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AnxiolyticBenodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

122 ChloroquineAntimalarialIntercalates in DNABinds to ferriprotoporphyrin

123 ChlorpheniramineClassical antihistamineH1 antagonist

124 ChlorpromazineAntipsychoticPhenothiazine

125 ChlorpropamideOral hypoglycemicSulfonylureaInsulinotropic

126 ChlorthalidoneThiazide-like diureticNa-Cl symporter inhibitorAntihypertensive

127 ChlorothiazideThiazide diureticNa-Cl symporter inhibitor

128 CholestyramineAntihyperlipidemicBile acid binding resin (BABR)

129 Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG)GonadotropinOvulation inducing agent

130 CidofovirAntiherpesPyrimidine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

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131 CimetidineAntihistamineAntiulcerH2 receptor antagonist

132 CiprofloxacinFluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitorInhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

133 CisaprideProkinetic agent5HT4 agonist

134 CisplatinAntineoplasticMiscellaneousCross-linking agent

135 ClarithromycinMacrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitorAntiulcer50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

136 Clavulanic acidβ-lactamase inhibitorCombined with antibacterials

137 ClindamycinAntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosomeAnaerobic infections

138 ClofibrateAntihyperlipidemicLipoprotein lipase activator

139 ClomiphenePartial estrogen agonistOvulation inducing agent

140 ClonidineSympatholytic

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α2 adrenergic agonistAntihypertensive

141 ClotrimazoleImidazole antifungalInhibits synthesis of ergosterolLanosterol 14α demethylase inhibitor

142 CloxacillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorPenicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

143 ClozapineAntipsychotic

144 Cobalamin(cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin)

VitaminTreatment forvitamin B12 deficiency

145 CocaineIndirect sympathomimeticDrug of abuseTopical anaestheticStimulantLocal anaesthetic

146 CodeineOpioidAnalgesicWeak agonist

147 ColchicineAntigout onlyAnti-inflammatoryMicrotubule inhibitor

148 ColestipolAntihyperlipidemicBile acid binding resin (BABR)

149 Conjugated estrogens

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EstrogenUsed for HRT

150 CorticosteroneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoid

151 Cortisol (Hydrocortisone)AdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroid

152 Corticotropin-releasing Hormone (CRH)Hypothalamic hormoneStimulates release of ACTHand β-endorphin from the anterior pituitary

153 Cromolyn sodiumMast cell stabilizerInhibits release ofmast cell mediatorsUsed prophylactically in asthma

154 CyclobenzaprineSkeletal muscle relaxant

155 CyclophosphamideAntineoplasticAlkylating agentNitrogen mustard

156 CycloserineAntibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorSecondary TB drugInhibits formation of Park nucleotide

157 CyclosporineImmunosuppressiveAntineoplasticBinds cyclophilinInhibits calcineurin

158 Cyproterone acetateAntiandrogenAntineoplasticandrogen receptor antagonist

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159 Cytarabine (AraC)AntineoplasticAntimetabolite

160 DacarbazineAntineoplasticAlkylating Agent

161 DaclizumabImmunosuppressiveAnti-CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor) antibodyOrgan transplant (anti-rejection)

162 DactinomycinAntineoplasticNatural productAntibiotic

163 DalteparinAnticoagulantLMW HeparinATIII activator

164 DanthronContact catharticAnthraquinone derivative

165 DantroleneSkeletal muscle relaxantRyanodine receptor antagonistTreatment for malignant hyperthermia

166 DapsoneSulfone antibioticNucleic acid andprotein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseLeprosy

167 DaunorubicinAntineoplasticAnthracycline antibioticNatural product

168 DeferoxamineAntidote

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Chelating agentRemoves iron

169 DelavirdineAntiretroviralNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

170 Deprenyl/selegilineAntiparkinsonMonoamine oxidase B inhibitor(MAO-I)Potentiates effects of L-Dopa

171 DesipramineTricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

172 Desmopressin acetateSynthetic analogue ofarginine vasopressinUsed in treatment of bleeding disorders

173 DesogesterelProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

174 DexamethasoneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAntineoplasticAntiemeticAnti-inflammatory steroidNot by inhalation

175 DextromethorphanOpioidAntitussive

176 DiazepamSedative/hypnoticAnxiolyticAnticonvulsantBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

177 DiazoxideVasodilator

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Antihypertensive

178 DidanosineAntiretroviralNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)Dideoxyinosine (ddI)

179 DiethylcarbamazineAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinaland tissue roundworms

180 DiethylstilbestrolNonsteroidal estrogen

181 DiflunisalNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitor

182 DigitalisCardiac glycosideAntiarrhythmicNa+/K+ ATPase inhibitorPositive inotropeMiscellaneous

(does not fit class I-IV organization)

183 DigitoxinCardiac glycosideAntiarrhythmicNa+/K+ ATPase inhibitorPositive inotropeMiscellaneous

(does not fit class I-IV organization)

184 DigoxinCardiac glycosideAntiarrhythmicNa+/K+ ATPase inhibitorPositive inotropeMiscellaneous

(does not fit class I-IV organization)

185 DIG-specific antibody fragmentsAntidoteCardiac glycoside poisoning

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186 DihydrotestosteroneAndrogenNatural male gonadal steroid

187 DiltiazemClass IV antiarrhythmicAntihypertensiveCa2+ channel blocker

188 DimenhydrinateAntihistamineAntiemeticH1 receptor antagonist

189 DiphenhydramineClassical antihistamineAntiemeticH1 antagonist

190 Diphenoxylate docusateAntidiarrhealOpiate

191 DipyridamoleAntiplateletPhosphodiesterase inhibitor(increases cAMP)

192 DisopyramideClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker(activated channels)

193 DisulfiramAlcoholism treatmentAldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor

194 DobutamineSympathomimeticβ1 adrenergic agonistInotrope

195 DocusatesLubricating laxativesStool softeners

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196 DofetilideClass III antiarrhythmicK+ channel blocker

197 DopamineSympathomimeticInotropeVasodilator

198 DoxazosinSympatholyticα1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

199 DoxorubicinAntineoplasticAnthracycline antibioticNatural product

200 DoxycyclineTetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

201 DronabinolAntiemeticCannabinoid

202 DroperidolAntiemeticD2 receptor antagonist

203 Drotrecogin alfa(Activated Protein C)AnticoagulantMany actionsTreatment for septic shock

204 DutasterideAntiandrogenAndrogen synthesis inhibitor5α-reductase inhibitor

205 Echinacea purpurea

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Dietary supplementImmune system stimulant

206 EcothiophateAnticholinesteraseVasodilatorBronchoconstrictorGlaucoma treatment

207 EdrophoniumAnticholinesteraseVasodilatorDiagnostic for myaesthenia gravisBronchoconstrictor

208 EfavirenzAntiretroviralNon-nucleoside reversetranscriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

209 EnalaprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor Angioedema producer

210 EnfluraneGeneral anaestheticInhaled anaesthetic

211 Enfuvirtide (T-20)AntiretroviralFusion inhibitor

212 EnoxaparinAnticoagulantLMW HeparinATIII activator

213 EntacaponeAntiparkinsonPeripheral catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitor

214 Ephedra(Ma Huang)Dietary supplementAmphetamine-like stimulant

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215 EphedrineIndirect sympathomimeticVasoconstrictorBronchodilatorDecongestant

216 EpinephrineSympathomimeticα and β adrenergic agonistVasoconstrictorBronchodilator

217 EplerenoneAldosterone receptor antagonist

218 EprosartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

219 ErgonovineOxytocic ergot alkaloidUterine stimulant

220 ErythromycinMacrolide antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosomeInhibits translocation

221 Erythropoietin (EPO)CytokinePrimary regulator of RBC synthesis

222 EsmololSympatholyticβ1 adrenergic antagonistClass II AntiarrhythmicAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

223 EstradermEstrogenTransdermal formulation

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224 EstradiolEstrogenPrimary natural female gonadal steroid

225 EstriolEstrogenNatural female gonadal steroid

226 EstroneEstrogenNatural female gonadal steroid

227 EtanerceptTNF inhibitorTumor necrosis factor receptor+ Fc portion of IgGUsed in rheumatoid arthritis

228 Ethacrynic acidLoop diureticNa-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor

229 EthambutolAntibioticMajor drug for tuberculosis

230 EthanolDrug of abuseSedative

231 Ethinyl estradiolEstrogenSynthetic female gonadal steroidCombination oral contraceptive

232 EthionamideAntibioticSecondary drug for tuberculosis

233 Ethynodiol diacetateProgestin19-nor testosterone analogCombination oral contraceptive

234 Etidronate

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Anti-osteoporesisBisphosphonateInhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

235 EtoposideAntineoplasticNatural productPlant alkaloid

236 EthosuximideAnticonvulsant

237 EtomidateGeneral anaestheticIntravenous anaesthetic

238 ExemestaneAntineoplasticAntiestrogenAromatase Inhibitor

239 EzitimibeAntihyperlipidemicCholesterol absorption inhibitor

240 FamciclovirAntiherpesPurine analogPhosphorylated to an inhibitor ofviral DNA polymerase

241 FamotidineAntihistamineAntiulcerH2 receptor antagonist

242 FelodipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

243 FenofibrateAntihyperlipidemicLipoprotein lipase activator

244 FentanylOpioid

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Analgesicµ receptor agonist

245 FexofenadineAntihistamineH1 antagonistNon-sedating

246 FinasterideAntiandrogenAndrogen synthesis inhibitor5α-reductase inhibitor

247 FlecainideClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker

248 FluconazoleTriazole antifungalInhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase

249 FlucytosineAntifungalConverted by fungi to 5-fluorouracil faulty RNA and DNA synthesis

250 FludrocortisoneAdrenocorticosteroidMineralocorticoid

251 FlumazenilBenzodiazepine antagonistActs on GABAA receptor complex

252 FlunisolideAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidInhaled

253 Fluorinated Quinolonesciprofloxacin, norfloxacin

AntibioticsDNA replication inhibitorsInhibit bacterial DNA gyrase

254 5-Fluorouracil

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AntineoplasticAntimetaboliteThymidylate synthase inhibitor

255 FluoxetineAntidepressantSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

256 FlurazepamSedative/HypnoticBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

257 FlutamideAntiandrogenAntineoplasticAndrogen receptor antagonist

258 FluticasoneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidInhaled

259 FluvastatinAntihyperlipidemicHMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

260 Folic acidVitaminTreatment for folicacid deficiency

261 Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)Anterior pituitary hormoneRegulator of gonadal function

262 FormoterolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonist

Long acting bronchodilator

263 FoscarnetAntiherpesPyrophosphate analogDirectly inhibits viral DNA polymerase

29

264 FosinoprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

265 FulvestrantAntineoplasticAntiestrogenEstrogen receptor antagonist

266 FurosemideLoop diureticNa-K-2Cl symporter inhibitorAntihypertensive

267 GanciclovirAntiherpesPurine analogPhosphorylated to an inhibitorof viral DNA polymerase

268 GanirelixGonadotropin releasing hormone antagonistSynthetic GnRH analogue

269 GemfibrozilAntihyperlipidemicLipoprotein lipase activator

270 GemtuzumabAntineoplasticAnti-CD33 antibody

271 GentamicinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

272 Ginko bilobaDietary supplementTreatment of Alzheimer symptoms

273 GinsengDietary supplementImprovement in energy and vitality

30

274 Glargine insulinHormoneInsulin analogueLong acting

275 GlimepirideOral hypoglycemicSulfonylureaInsulinotropic

276 GlipizideOral hypoglycemicSulfonylureaInsulinotropic

277 GlucagonPancreatic hormoneStimulates glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis

278 GlutethimideSedative/Hypnotic

279 GlyburideOral hypoglycemicSulfonylureaInsulinotropic

280 Gold saltsDisease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD)

281 GonadorelinGonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)Synthetic form of natural GnRHInsulinotropic

282 Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)Hypothalamic hormoneStimulates release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

283 GoserelinAntineoplasticGonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist

284 Granisetron

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Antiemetic5HT3 receptor antagonist

285 Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)CytokineGranulocyte synthesis stimulator

286 Granulocyte/Monocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF)CytokineWBC (granulocytes and monocyte) synthesis stimulator

287 GriseofulvinAntifungalBinds to microtubules

288 Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone (GHRH)Hypothalamic hormoneStimulates release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

289 Growth HormoneSomatotropin(GH)Anterior pituitary hormoneStimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

290 GuanabenzSympatholyticAntihypertensive

291 GuanadrelSympatholyticAntihypertensive

292 GuanethidineSympatholyticAntihypertensive

293 GuanfacineSympatholyticα2 adrenergic agonistAntihypertensive

294 HaloperidolAntipsychotic

32

295 HalothaneGeneral anaestheticInhaled anaesthetic

296 HeparinAnticoagulantATIII activator

297 HeroinDrug of abuseOpioid

298 HirudinAnticoagulantDirect thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

299 HistamineInflammatory mediatorStored in mast cells and basophils

300 HistrelinGonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonistSynthetic GnRH analogue

301 Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)Placental hormoneStimulates ovarianprogesterone productionMaintains placenta

302 HydralazineVasodilatorAntihypertensive

303 HydrochlorothiazideThiazide diureticNa-Cl symporter inhibitorAntihypertensive

304 HydrocortisoneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroid

305 Hydroxychloroquine

33

Disease modifyinganti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)

306 4-HydroxycoumarinOral anticoagulantVitamin K synthesis inhibitor

307 HydroxyureaAntineoplasticMiscellaneousRibonucleotide reductase inhibitor

308 HydroxyzineClassical antihistamineH1 antagonist

309 IbritumomabAntineoplasticAnti-CD20 antibody

310 IbuprofenNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory AntipyreticReversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor

311 IbutilideClass III antiarrhythmicK+ channel blocker

312 ImatinibAntineoplasticMiscellaneousTyrosine kinase inhibitor

313 Imipenem/CilastatinNew β lactam antibioticCilastatin inhibits akidney dipeptidase that inactivates imipenem

314 ImipramineIndirect sympathomimeticTricyclic antidepressant (TCA)Antimicturant

315 IndapamideThiazide-like diuretic

34

Na-Cl symporter inhibitorAntihypertensive

316 IndinavirAntiretroviralProtease inhibitor (PI)

317 IndomethacinNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory, AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitorTocolyticUterine relaxant

318 InfliximabTNF inhibitorAnti-TNF monoclonal antibodyTreatment of IBD

319 InsulinHormoneInsulin analogueShort acting

320 Interferon alphaAntiviral for hepatitisAntineoplasticCytokineAnti-angiogenesis

321 Interleukin 2Cytokine Antineoplastic

322 Interleukin 11Cytokine Antineoplastic (supporting agent)

323 IodideAntithyroidPrevents synthesis and release ofthyroid hormones(blocks iodine organification)Decreases hyperplasia

324 Iodoquinol

35

AntiparasiticTreatment of protozoal infections

325 IpecacEmetic

326 IpratropiumAnticholinergicAntimuscarinicInhaled bronchodilator

327 IrbesartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

328 IressaAntineoplasticMiscellaneousTyrosine kinase inhibitor

329 IrinotecanAntineoplasticNatural product

330 Iron(ferrous sulfate, iron dextran)Essential nutrientRequired for hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis

331 IsoetharineSympathomimeticβ adrenergic agonistBronchodilator

332 IsofluraneGeneral anaestheticInhaled anaesthetic

333 IsoniazidAntibioticInhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acidsMajor drug for tuberculosis

334 IsoproterenolSympathomimetic

36

β adrenergic agonistVasodilatorBronchodilator

335 Isosorbide dinitrateVenodilatorUsed to treat CHF

336 IsradipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

337 ItraconazoleTriazole antifungalInhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase

338 IvermectinAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinaland tissue roundworms

339 KallidinInflammatory mediatorPlasma, hypotension, pain

340 KaolinAntidiarrheal

341 Kava kavaDietary supplementStress relief andtreatment of insomnia

342 KetamineGeneral anaestheticDrug of abuseSedative

343 KetoconazoleImidazole antifungalInhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase

344 KetoprofenNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory,Antipyretic

37

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

345 LabetalolSympatholyticα and β adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

346 LactuloseSaline (osmotic) cathartic

347 LamivudineAntiretroviralNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

348 LansoprazoleAntiulcerH+/K+ ATPase inhibitor

349 Lente insulinHormoneInsulin analogueIntermediate acting

350 LepirudinAnticoagulantDirect thrombin inhibitor (DTI)

351 LetrozoleAntineoplasticAntiestrogenAromatase Inhibitor

352 Leukotriene B4 (LTB4)Inflammatory mediatorLipoxygenase productof arachidonate metabolismChemotactic

353 Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4(LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)Inflammatory mediatorsCysteinyl leukotrienesPeptidyl leukotrienesSRS-ALipoxygenase products ofarachidonate metabolism

38

354 LeucovorinAntineoplastic (supporting agent)Folic acid analogue(used in methotrexate rescue)

355 LeuprolideAntineoplasticGonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

356 LevobunololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

357 LevodopaAntiparkinsonDopamine precursorInhibits growth hormone release

358 LevonorgestrelProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

359 Levothyroxine (T4)Thyroid hormone

360 LidocaineClass I antiarrhythmicLocal anaestheticNa+ channel blocker(activated and inactivated channels)

361 LinezolidOxazolidinone antibioticProtein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosomal subunit

362 Liothyronine (T3)Thyroid hormone

363 LisinoprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitorHeart failure treatmentAngioedema producer

39

364 Lispro insulinHormoneInsulin analogueUltra short acting

365 LithiumAntidepressantUsed to treatmanic/depressive disorder

366 Lomustine (CCNU)AntineoplasticAlkylating agentNitrosourea

367 LoperamideAntidiarrhealOpiate

368 LoratidineAntihistamineH1 antagonistNon-sedating

369 LorazepamAnxiolyticAnticonvulsantBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

370 LosartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

371 LovastatinAntihyperlipidemicHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

372 Lutenizing Hormone (LH)Anterior pituitary hormoneRegulator of gonadal function

373 LypressinAntidiuretic hormone analogue

40

374 Lysergic acid diethylamide(LSD)Drug of abuseHallucinogen

375 Macrolideserythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

AntibioticsBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitors50S ribosome

376 Magnesium hydroxideAntiulcerSaline (osmotic) catharticAntacid

377 Magnesium sulfateCalcium antagonistTocolyticUterine relaxant

378 MalathionAnticholinesteraseVasodilatorBronchoconstrictor

379 MannitolOsmotic diuretic

380 MarijuanaDrug of abuseCannabinoid

381 MebendazoleAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinal roundworms

382 MeclizineAntihistamineAntiemeticH1 receptor antagonist

383 MeclofenamateNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic

41

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor

384 MechlorethamineAntineoplasticAlkylating agentNitrogen mustard

385 MedroxyprogesteroneProgestinSynthetic progesterone analogueContraceptive

386 MefloquineAntimalarialTreatment and prophylaxis for chloroquine resistant Plasmodium

387 Meglumine antimonateTropical antiparasiticOrganic antimonialTreatment of Leishmaniasis

388 MelarsoprolTropical antiparasiticTreatment of African Trypanosomiasis in CNS

389 MelphalanAntineoplasticAlkylating agentNitrogen mustard

390 MenotropinHormoneGonadotropin Ovulation inducing agent

391 MeperidineOpioid analgesicµ receptor agonist

392 MepivacaineLocal anaesthetic

393 MeprobamateSedative/hypnoticAnxiolytic

42

394 6-MercaptopurineAntineoplasticAntimetabolite(“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)

395 Mesalamine(5-ASA)NSAID (salicylate)Treatment of IBD

396 MesnaAntineoplastic (supporting agent)Prevent hemorrhagic cystitisdue to cyclophosphamide

397 MestranolEstrogenSynthetic female gonadal steroidCombination oral contraceptive

398 MetamphetamineDrug of abuseStimulant

399 MetaproterenolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistBronchodilatorUsed in asthma

400 MetforminOral hypoglycemicBiguanideHepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitor

401 MethacholineCholinomimeticBronchoconstrictor

402 MethadoneOpioidµ receptor agonist

403 MethenamineUrinary tract antiseptic

43

Decomposes to formaldehydein acidic environment

404 MethicillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorPencillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

405 MethimazolAntithyroidPrevents synthesis ofthyroid hormones(blocks iodine organification)

406 MethotrexateImmunosuppressiveAntineoplasticFolic acid antagonistDihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

407 MethoxamineSympathomimeticα1 adrenergic agonistVasoconstrictor

408 MethylcelluloseBulk laxative

409 MethydopaSympatholyticα2 adrenergic agonistAntihypertensive

410 MethylphenidateIndirect sympathomimeticDrug of abuseADD treatmentStimulant

411 MethylprednisoloneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidNot by inhalation

412 Methyltestosterone

44

AndrogenSynthetic oral

413 MetipranololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistBronchoconstrictor

414 MetoclopramideProkinetic agentAntiemeticD2 antagonist

415 MetocurineParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

416 MetolazoneThiazide-like diureticNa-Cl symporter inhibitorAntihypertensive

417 MetoprololSympatholyticβ1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveHeart failure medicationBronchoconstrictor

418 MetronidazoleAntibioticAntiparasiticAntiulcerAnaerobesReduction leads to intermediatesthat damage DNA

419 MetyraponeGlucocorticoid antagonist

420 MexilitineClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker(activated and inactivated channels)

421 MiconazoleImidazole antifungal

45

Inhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase

422 MidazolamSedative hypnoticShort-acting benzodiazopine

423 Mifepristone(RU-486)Progesterone antagonist

424 MiglitolOral hypoglycemicAlpha-glucosidase inhibitorInhibits intestinal glucose absorption

425 Mineral oilLubricating laxativeStool softener

426 MinocyclineTetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

427 MinoxidilVasodilatorAntihypertensive

428 MisoprostolProstaglandinAntiulcer

429 Mitomycin CAntineoplasticNatural productAntibiotic

430 MivacuriumParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

431 MoeziprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

46

432 MontelukastLeukotriene inhibitorLTR1 and LTD4 antagonistAsthma treatment

433 MoricizineClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker

434 MorphineOpioidAnalgesicµ receptor agonist

435 Muromonab-CD3ImmunosuppressiveMouse monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodyOrgan transplant (anti-rejection)

436 MycophenolateImmunosuppressiveInhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase activity

437 NadololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

438 NafarelinGonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist

439 NafcillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorPenicillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

440 NalbuphineOpioid antagonistµ receptor antagonist

441 Nalidixic acidUrinary tract antisepticQuinoloneInhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

47

442 NalmefeneOpioid antagonist

443 NalorphineOpioid antagonist

444 NaloxoneOpioid antagonist

445 NaproxenNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory, AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitor

446 NateglinideOral hypoglycemicMeglitinideInsulinotropic

447 NaltrexoneOpioid antagonist

448 NedocromilMast cell stabilizerInhibits release of mast cell mediatorsUsed prophylactically in asthma

449 NeomycinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomeFreezes initiationTopical

450 NeostigmineAnticholinesteraseVasodilatorTreatment for myaesthenia gravisPromotes defecation and urinationBronchoconstrictor

451 NetilmicinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosome

48

Freezes initiation

452 NevirapineAntiretroviralNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

453 NicardipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

454 NicotineCholinomimeticDrug of abuseNicotinic receptor agonist(skeletal muscle contraction)

StimulantSmoking cessation medication

455 Nicotinic acidAntihyperlipidemicInhibition of VLDL secretion (?)

456 NifedipineAntihypertensiveAntianginalCalcium channel blocker

457 NifurtimoxTropical antiparasiticTreatment of South American Trypanosomiasis; Chagas disease

458 NisoldipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

459 NitrendipineAntihypertensiveCalcium channel blocker

460 NitrofurantoinUrinary tract antisepticReduction leads to intermediates that damage DNA

461 NitroglycerineVenodilatorAntianginal

49

462 NitroprussideVasodilatorAntihypertensive

463 Nitrous oxideGeneral anaestheticInhaled anaesthetic

464 NizatidineAntihistamineAntiulcerH2 receptor antagonist

465 NorepinephrineSympathomimeticVasoconstrictor

466 NorethindroneProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

467 NorethynodrelProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

468 NorfloxacinFluoroquinolone antibioticDNA replication inhibitorInhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

469 NorgestimateProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

470 NorgestrelProgestin19-nor testosterone analogueCombination oral contraceptive

471 NortriptylineTricyclic antidepressant (TCA)

50

472 NPH insulinHormoneInsulin analogueIntermediate acting

473 Non-steroidalAnti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitors

474 NystatinAntifungalPolyene antibioticBinds to ergosterol & alters permeabilityTopical

475 OctreotideSomatostatin analoguePeptide hormone inhibitorDecreases growth hormone secretionDecreases gastric and pancreatic secretions

476 OlsalazineNSAID (salicylate)Treatment of IBD

477 Omeprazole/esomeprazoleAntiulcerH+/K+ ATPase inhibitor

478 OndansetronAntiemetic5HT3 receptor antagonist

479 Organic antimonialsTropical antiparasiticTreatment of Leishmaniasis

480 OseltamivirAntiviralInhibits neuraminidase anddecreases viral releaseTreatment of Influenza A & B

481 Oxacillin

51

Penicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorPencillinase resistant penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

482 OxazepamSedative/hypnoticAnxiolyticBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

483 OxybutininAnticholinergicMuscarinic receptor antagonistPrevents urination

484 OxycodoneAnalgesicOpioid agonist

485 OxytetracyclineTetracycline antibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

486 OxytocinHypothalamic (posterior pituitary) hormoneUterine stimulant

487 PaclitaxelAntineoplasticNatural productPlant alkaloid (taxane)

488 PalivizumabAntiviralMonoclonal antibody againstthe surface ofrespiratory syncytial virus

489 PamidronateAnti-osteoporesisBisphosphonateInhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

490 Pancuronium

52

ParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

491 PantoprazoleAntiulcerH+/K+ ATPase inhibitor

492 Para-aminosalicylic acidAntibioticNucleic acid andprotein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseSecondary TB drug

493 ParaldehydeSedative/Hypnotic

494 Parathyroid hormoneHormoneMaintains plasma Ca2+ concentrations

495 ParomomycinAntiparasiticAminoglycoside antibioticTreatment of protozoal infections

496 PectinAntidiarrheal

497 PenbutololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

498 PenciclovirAntiherpesPurine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

499 Penicillinsβ lactam antibioticsCell wall synthesis inhibitorsInhibit cross-linking of peptidoglycan

500 Penicillin GPenicillin antibiotic

53

Cell wall synthesis inhibitorAcid labileInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

501 Penicillin VPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorMore acid resistant than Penicillin GInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

502 PentamidineTropical antiparasiticTreatment of African Trypanosomiasis

503 PentazocineOpioid analgesicµ receptor partial agonist or antagonist

504 PentobarbitalSedative/HypnoticBarbiturate

505 PentostatinAntineoplasticMiscellaneousEnzyme inhibitor(blocks purine synthesis)

506 PerindoprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

507 Phencyclidine (PCP)Drug of abuseHallucinogen

508 PhenobarbitalSedative/HypnoticAnticonvulsantBarbiturate

509 PhenoxybenzamineSympatholyticα adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

510 Phentolamine

54

Sympatholyticα adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

511 PhenylephrineSympathomimeticα1 adrenergic agonistVasoconstrictorNasal decongestant

512 PhenylpropanolamineIndirect sympathomimeticNasal decongestantRemoved from market*(may be in medicine cabinets!)

513 PhenytoinAnticonvulsantClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker(inactivated channels)

514 PhysostigmineAnticholinesteraseBradycardicVasodilatorBronchoconstrictor

515 PhytonadioneVitamin KWarfarin antagonist

516 PilocarpineCholinomimeticMuscarinic agonistAntiglaucomaBronchoconstrictor

517 PindololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

518 PioglitazoneOral hypoglycemicThiazolidinedioneInsulin sensitizer

55

519 PipecuroniumParalyticParalyze skeletal muscles

520 PiperacillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorAnti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

521 PirbuterolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistBronchodilator

522 PiroxicamNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory, AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitor

523 Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)Inflammatory mediatorLipidHypotensive

524 Polyethylene glycol- electolyte solutionAntidoteCathartic

525 Polymyxin BAntibioticDisrupts gram negative cell membraneBinds phosphatidylethanolamineBactericidal

526 PralidoximeAntidoteCholinesterase reactivator

527 PramipexoleAntiparkinsonDopamine agonist (non-ergot)

528 Pravastatin

56

AntihyperlipidemicHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

529 PrazosinSympatholyticα1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensive

530 PraziquantelAntihelminthicTreatment of trematode (fluke) and cestode (tapeworm) infections

531 PrednisoneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAntineoplasticAnti-inflammatoryNot by inhalation

532 PrimaquineAntimalarialEliminates hepatic forms of plasmodium

533 PrimidoneAnticonvulsant

534 ProbenecidUricosuricAdjunct in penicillin therapy

535 ProbucolAntihyperlipidemicLDL oxidation inhibitor

536 ProcainamideClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker(activated channels)

537 ProcaineLocal anaesthetic

538 Procaine Penicillin GPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorRepository preparationInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

57

539 ProcarbazineAntineoplasticMiscellaneousProbably acts as alkylating agent

540 ProchlorperazineAntiemeticD2 receptor antagonistPhenothiazine

541 ProgesteroneProgestinNatural female progestin

542 ProguanilAntimalarialInhibits plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase

543 ProlactinAnterior pituitary hormoneRegulator of lactation

544 PromethazineClassical antihistamineAntipsychoticAntiemeticH1 antagonist

545 PropafenoneClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blockerWeak β-blocker

546 PropofolGeneral anaestheticIntravenous anaesthetic

547 PropranololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistClass II antiarrhythmicAntihypertensiveBronchoconstrictor

548 PropylthiouracilAntithyroid

58

Prevents synthesis ofthyroid hormones(blocks iodine organification)

549 Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)BronchoconstrictorCyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

550 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)Dinoprostone (Dinoprost)Oxytocic prostaglandinInflammatory mediatorCyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolismUterine stimulantCervical ripener

551 Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2)Inflammatory mediatorCyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

552 Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2)Inflammatory mediatorInhibits platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase product of arachidonatemetabolism

553 Protamine SulfateHeparin antagonist

554 PseudoephedrineSympathomimeticα and β adrenergic agonistVasoconstrictorNasal decongestant

555 Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloidBulk laxative

556 Pyrantel PamoateAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinal roundworms

557 PyrazinamideAntibioticMajor drug for tuberculosis

558 PyridostigmineAnticholinesterase

59

VasodilatorTreatment for myaesthenia gravisBronchoconstrictor

559 PyrimethamineAntimalarialProtein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitorPlasmodial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

560 QuinaprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

561 QuinethazoneThiazide-like diureticNa-Cl symporter inhibitor

562 QuinidineAntimalarialProtein and nucleic acidsynthesis inhibitor

Class I antiarrhythmicIntercalates in DNABinds to ferriprotoporphyrinNa+ channel blocker

563 QuinineAntimalarialIntercalates in DNABinds to ferriprotoporphyrin

564 Quinopristin/DalfopristinStreptogramin antibioticProtein synthesis inhibitor50S ribosomal subunit

565 RabeprazoleAntiulcerH+/K+ ATPase inhibitor

566 Radioactive Iodide (131I)AntithyroidDestruction of thyroid parenchyma

567 RaloxifeneAntiestrogen

60

Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

568 RamiprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

569 RanitidineAntihistamineAntiulcerH2 receptor antagonist

570 RebamipideAntiulcer

571 RepaglinideOral hypoglycemicMeglitinideInsulinotropic

572 ReserpineSympatholyticAntihypertensive

573 ResperidoneAntipsychotic

574 ReteplaseThrombolyticTissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

575 RibavirinAntiviralPrimarily used as aerosol for respiratory syncytial virus

576 RifampinAntibioticNucleic acid synthesis inhibitorInhibits DNA dependent RNA polymeraseMajor drug for TB

577 RimantadineAntiviralInhibits replicationat the stage of uncoatingTreatment of Influenza A

61

578 RitodrineSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistTocolyticUterine relaxant

579 RitonavirAntiretroviralProtease inhibitor (PI)

580 RituxumabAntineoplasticAnti-CD20 antibody

581 RocuroniumParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

582 RofecoxibNSAIDAnti-inflammatoryCyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor

583 RopiniroleAntiparkinsonDopamine agonist (non-ergot)

584 RosiglitazoneOral hypoglycemicThiazolidinedioneInsulin sensitizer

585 SalmeterolSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistLong acting bronchodilator

586 SaquinavirAntiretroviralProtease inhibitor (PI)

587 Saw palmettoDietary supplementTreatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

62

588 SennaContact catharticAnthraquinone derivative

589 ScopolamineAnticholinergicAntiemeticMuscarinic receptor antagonist

590 SertralineAntidepressantSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

591 SildenafilVasodilatorPromotes erection

592 Silver sulfadiazineSulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand protein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseTopical

593 SimethiconeAnti-flatulent

594 SimvastatinAntihyperlipidemicHMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

595 SirolimusImmunosuppressiveBinds FKBP, inhibits mTOR (mammalian kinase target of rapamycin) & cell cycle progression

596 Sodium bicarbonateAntiulcerAntidoteAntacidAlkalinization of urine to treat drug toxicity (esp. barbiturates, salicylates, methanol)

597 Sodium phosphateSaline (osmotic) cathartic

598 Sodium stibogluconate

63

Tropical antiparasiticOrganic antimonialTreatment of Leishmaniasis

599 SomatostatinSomatotropin Release-inhibiting Hormone (SRIH)Hypothalamic hormoneInhibits release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary

600 SomatremGrowth hormone analogueStimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

601 SomatropinGrowth hormone analogueStimulates insulin-like growth factor I release ( growth at open epiphyses), lipolysis and skeletal muscle growth

602 SotololClass II antiarrythmicSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonist

603 SpectinomycinAntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosome

604 SpironolactonePotassium sparing diureticAntiandrogenAldosterone receptor antagonistAndrogen receptor antagonistTestosterone synthesis inhibitorAntihypertensiveHeart failure treatment

605 St. John’s WortDietary supplementAntidepressant

606 StreptokinaseThrombolytic

64

607 StreptomycinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

608 SuccinylcholineParalyticDepolarizing blockerParalyzes skeletal musclesBronchoconstrictor

609 SucralfateAntiulcer

610 SufentanilOpioidGeneral anaestheticIntravenous anaesthetic

611 SulfacetamideSulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand protein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetaseTopical

612 SulfadoxineSulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand protein synthesis inhibitorDihydropteroate synthetase inhibitor

613 SulfamethoxazoleSulfonamide antibioticMicrobial nucleic acidand protein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

614 SulfasalazineDisease modifyinganti-rheumatic drug (DMARD)Metabolized to sulfonamide+ salicylate (NSAID)Treatment of IBD

65

615 SulfinpyrazoneUricosuricAnti-gout

616 SulfisoxazoleSulfonamide antibioticNucleic acid andprotein synthesis inhibitorInhibits dihydropteroate synthetase

617 SulfonamidesAntibioticsNucleic acid andprotein synthesis inhibitorsInhibit dihydropteroate synthetase

618 SulindacNSAIDAnalgesic, Anti-inflammatory, AntipyreticCyclooxygenase inhibitor

619 SuraminTropical antiparasiticTreatment of African Trypanosomiasis

620 TacrolimusImmunosuppressiveAntineoplasticBinds FKBP (FK506 binding protein)Inhibits calcineurin

621 TamoxifenAntineoplasticAntiestrogenEstrogen receptor anatagonist

622 TegaserodIBS treatment5HT4 receptor agonist

623 TelmisartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

624 Temazepam

66

Sedative/HypnoticBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

625 TenecteplaseThrombolyticTissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

626 TerazosinSympatholyticα1 adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveTreatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy

627 TerbinafineAllylamine antifungalInhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

628 TerbutalineSympathomimeticβ2 adrenergic agonistShort acting bronchodilator TocolyticUterine relaxant

629 TestosteroneAndrogenNatural male gonadal steroid

630 Testosterone cypionateAndrogenSynthetic depot

631 Testosterone enanthateAndrogenSynthetic depot

632 Testosterone propionateAndrogenSynthetic depot

633 TetracaineLocal anaesthetic

634 Tetracycline

67

AntibioticBacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitorAntiulcer30S ribosomePrevents aminoacyl tRNA attachment

635 ThalidomideAntineoplasticLeprosy treatmentAnti-angiogenicAnti-TNFα

636 TheophyllineBronchodilatorMethylxanthinePhosphodiesterase inhibitorUsed in asthma

637 ThiabendazoleAntihelminthicTreatment of intestinal roundworms

638 6-ThioguanineAntineoplasticAntimetabolite(“pseudofeedback inhibition” of HGPRT and PRP – purine synthesis)

639 ThiopentalGeneral AnaestheticUltra-short-acting barbiturate

640 ThioridazineAntipsychoticPhenothiazine

641 ThiotepaAntineoplasticAlkylating agent

642 ThiothixeneAntipsychotic

643 ThrombopoietinCytokinePlatelet synthesis stimulator

644 Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

68

AutacoidPromotes platelet aggregationCyclooxygenase product of arachidonate metabolism

645 Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone (TRH)Hypothalamic hormoneStimulates release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary

646 ThyrotropinThyroid-stimulating Hormone

(TSH)Anterior pituitary hormoneStimulates production of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroglobulin

647 TicarcillinPenicillin antibioticCell wall synthesis inhibitorAnti-pseudomonal penicillinInhibits peptidoglycan cross-linking

648 TiclopidineAntiplateletADP receptor antagonist

649 TimololSympatholyticβ adrenergic antagonistAntihypertensiveGlaucoma treatmentAnti-anginalBronchoconstrictor

650 Tissue plasminogen activatorsThrombolytics

651 TobramycinAminoglycoside antibioticBactericidal protein synthesis inhibitor30S ribosomeFreezes initiation

652 TocainideClass I antiarrhythmicNa+ channel blocker(activated channels)

69

653 TolbutamideOral hypoglycemicSulfonylureaInsulinotropic

654 TolterodineAnticholinergicMuscarinic receptor antagonistPrevents urination

655 ToremifeneEstrogen antagonistSelective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

656 TosemideLoop diureticNa-K-2Cl symporter inhibitor

657 TrandoprilAntihypertensiveConverting enzyme inhibitor

658 TranylcypromineAntidepressantMonoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I)

659 TrastuzumabAntineoplasticAnti-HER2 antibody

660 TriamcinoloneAdrenocorticosteroidGlucocorticoidAnti-inflammatory steroidInhaled

661 TriamterenePotassium sparing diureticSodium channel inhibitorAntihypertensive

662 TriazolamSedative/HypnoticBenzodiazepineActs on GABAA receptor complex

70

663 TrifluoperazineAntipsychoticPhenothiazine

664 TrifluridineAntiherpesPyrimidine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

665 TrihexyphenidylAntiparkinsonAntimuscarinic

666 TrimethaphanSympatholyticAnticholinergicNicotinic antagonistAntihypertensive

667 TrimethoprimAntibioticProtein and nucleic acidsynthesis inhibitorInhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

668 TripelennamineClassical antihistamineH1 antagonist

669 TubocurarineParalyticParalyzes skeletal muscles

670 Tumor necrosis factor αCytokineAntineoplastic

671 TyramineIndirect sympathomimeticVasoconstrictorVasopressor

672 Ultralente insulinHormoneInsulin analogueLong acting

71

673 UrokinaseThrombolytic

674 ValacyclovirAntiherpesPurine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

675 ValsartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

676 ValganciclovirAntiherpesPurine analogPhosphorylated to inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase

677 Valproic acidAnticonvulsant

678 ValsartanAntihypertensiveAngiotensin receptor blocker(ARB)

679 VancomycinAntibioticInhibits cell wall synthesisNot a β lactam

680 Arginine vasopressin(Antidiuretic hormone; ADH)Hypothalamic (posterior pituitary) hormoneAntidiureticVasoconstrictor

681 VecuroniumParalyticParalyze skeletal muscles

682 VerapamilClass IV antiarrhythmicAntihypertensiveL-type Ca2+ channel blocker

72

Antianginal

683 VigabatrinAnticonvulsantIrreversible GABA aminotransferase inhibitor

684 VinblastineAntineoplasticVinca alkaloidNatural product

685 VincristineAntineoplasticVinca alkaloidNatural product

686 VoriconazoleTriazole antifungalInhibits synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting lanosterol 14α demethylase

687 WarfarinAnticoagulantVitamin K synthesis inhibitor

688 ZafirlukastLeukotriene inhibitorLTR1 and LTD4 antagonistAsthma treatment

689 ZalcitabineAntiretroviralNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)Dideoxycytidine (ddC)

690 ZanamivirAntiviralInhibits neuraminidaseand decreases viral releaseTreatment of Influenza A & B

691 ZidovudineAntiretroviral Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

692 Zileuton

73

Leukotriene inhibitor5-lipoxygenase inhibitorUsed in asthma

693 ZolpidemSedative/HypnoticNon-benzodiazepine