ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ · Η θεωρία της grammaire générative...

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1 ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ της ΑΘΗΝΑΣ ΒΑΡΣΑΜΙΔΟΥ «Αξιολόγηση βάσει φακέλου: ο ρόλος της στην προσωπική ανάπτυξη του μαθητή και την επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη του εκπαιδευτικού» Επόπτης: κ. Ανδρεαδάκης Νικόλαος Μόνιμος Επίκουρος Καθηγητής Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. Παν/μίου Κρήτης Συνεπόπτες: κ. Κανάκης Ιωάννης Καθηγητής Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. Παν/μίου Κρήτης κ. Κωνσταντίνου Χαράλαμπος Καθηγητής Π.Τ.Δ.Ε. Παν/μίου Ιωαννίνων ΡΕΘΥΜΝΟ ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΣ 2012

Transcript of ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ · Η θεωρία της grammaire générative...

  • 1

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    : . .... /

    : . .... /

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    2012

  • 2

    7

    10

    1

    1.1 15

    1.2 16

    1.3 19

    1.4 22

    1.4.1 / 28

    1.4.2 - 31

    1.5 32

    1.5.1 / 34

    1.5.2 / 36

    1.5.3

    1.5.4

    1.5.5

    1.6

    1.7

    1.8

    &

    39

    41

    42

    45

    48

    2

    2.1

    50

    2.2 : & 51

    2.3 59

    2.4 & 67

  • 3

    2.5

    2.6

    2.7

    2.8

    : &

    70

    76

    81

    87

    3

    /

    3.1 89

    3.2 91

    3.3

    3.4

    3.5

    3.6

    3.7

    3.7.1

    3.7.2

    3.8

    3.9

    3.10

    /

    /

    91

    98

    99

    102

    104

    105

    106

    112

    117

    126

    4

    4.1 127

    4.2 : 127

    4.3 & 130

    4.4

    4.5

    &

    135

    137

  • 4

    5

    /

    5.1 140

    5.2 140

    5.2.1 143

    5.2.2 151

    5.3

    5.3.1

    5.4

    5.5

    5.6

    &

    152

    157

    159

    164

    166

    6

    /

    6.1 169

    6.2 Gall:

    171

    6.3 G. Perret:

    176

    6.4

    6.5

    6.6

    & : Brown & Macatangay

    : Stewart & Perry

    : Bezzina & Camilieri

    181

    188

  • 5

    6.7

    192

    196

    7

    7.1 200

    7.2 201

    7.2.1 & 211

    7.2.2

    7.2.3

    7.3

    7.4

    7.5

    7.6

    -

    213

    215

    216

    218

    221

    222

    8

    & /

  • 6

    8.1 225

    8.2 225

    8.3 228

    8.4

    8.5

    8.5.1

    8.5.2

    8.5.3

    8.5.4

    8.5.5

    8.6

    8.7

    8.8

    &

    grammaire gnrative transformationnelle Chomsky

    &

    232

    234

    235

    236

    237

    238

    240

    242

    245

    246

    9

    9.1 248

    9.2 - 253

    9.3 - 256

    9.4 261

    9.5 - 261

    9.6 263

    9.7

    9.8

    265

    266

  • 7

    10

    -

    (-- )

    10.1 272

    10.2 : / 274

    10.2.1 1 : /

    274

    10.2.2 2 : / 279

    10.2.2

    / 1 : --

    291

    10.2.2 21 : -- 316

    10.2.2

    10.2.3

    10.3

    27 : --

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    )

    i. /

    ii.

    iii.

    iv. /

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    336

    354

    356

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    367

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  • 9

    11.3

    11.4

    11.5

    11.6

    11.7

    11.8

    /

    //

    /

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    452

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    462

    474

    479

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  • 20

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  • 26

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  • 27

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  • 28

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  • 29

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  • 30

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  • 31

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  • 32

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  • 33

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  • 34

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  • 35

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  • 36

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  • 37

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  • 38

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  • 40

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  • 41

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  • 42

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  • 43

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  • 44

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    1.5.4

    , ,

    .

    .

    ,

    . ,

    :

    ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    , , ,

    .

    : )

    , , )

    , )

    , )

    .

  • 45

    : )

    ,

    , )

    , ,

    , )

    , )

    ,

    , )

    ,

    , )

    ,

    (Ryan, 1994:34 , 1993:255-266

    , 2003:115).

    (2005:35)

    ,

    ,

    .

    ( , ,

    , ,

    ).

    .

    ,

    ,

    -.

    1.5.5

    , ,

    . ,

    , . ,

  • 46

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , .

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    , ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    (

    1988:273-281 , 1995:222-241 , 1998:143 , 2004:125).

    ,

    (, 1995:222-241 ,

    2004:125). ,

    (, 1985:77-86 ,

    1998:145).

    ,

  • 47

    , : ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . , , ,

    (, 2004:127).

    , (1998:147)

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    ,

    . , ,

    ,

    , .

    1.6 9

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    . ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    9 4 .

  • 48

    , , ,

    .

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    , 9-13 , Ziegenspeck (1977, . . ,

    2003:98),

    -. ,

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    (1982:28-33), ,

    , ,

    .

    . ,

    . , ,

    . (2000:34 & 2001:41)

    .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    .

  • 49

    ,

    (, 1987:34 , 1993:28-33).

    1.7

    (Hargreaves & Fullan, 1995:13-38 Ellet et al., 2002:64 ,

    2003:8)

    (, 2003:23).

    (Day, 2003:219)

    (,

    1993:19-21 , 2000:45-46)

    .

    (Pearlman and Tannenbaum, 2003:624).

    (, 1996:17)

    (Duke and Stiggins, 1990:118).

    ;

    .

    ,

    ,

    (Day,

    2003:219).

    .

    ,

    . , ,

  • 50

    (, 2005:127-130).

    .

    (Day, 2003:221).

    , ,

    .

    , .

    (Duke and Stiggins, 1990:123).

    .

    (Manning, 1988:68)

    (Hopkins et al., 1990:100).

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Pearlman and Tannenbaum, 2003:623).

    .

    (Neave, 1998:45).

    :

    1. ,

  • 51

    2. ,

    3. ,

    4. .

    (McLaughlin et al., 1996:342 Darling-Hammond et al., 1995:202-206

    1999:45-47)

    . (Duke and Stiggins,

    1990:127 & , 2002:31-46), ,

    .

    Kyriakides & Campbell (2003:24-25)

    . :

    1. ,

    2. ,

    3. , ,

    4. ,

    5. , 6. , 7.

    ,

    8.

    .

    .

    .

  • 52

    . Manning (1988:15)

    90%

    . 8%

    . Bridges

    (1990:150)

    1%.

    1.8

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    ,

    , , .

    ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    , , , , ,

    . ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

  • 53

    2 ()

    2.1

    ,

    , ,

    , (Allal et

    al., 1993:15 Ryan, 1994:4-12 Stiggins, 1997:447-448 Wiggins, 1998a:703-704 Meyers et al., 2000a:21

    & 2000b: 32 Perrenoud, 2001:25-28 Allal, 2003:5-8) -

    , (portfolio assessment)10.

    1990

    , , ,

    (Klenowsky, 2002:56-59). Mc

    Millan (2004:45-48)

    1990 : ) , )

    )

    . ,

    , ,

    ,

    10 portfolio portfolio assessment , (, 1997).

  • 54

    , (Mabry, 1999:90-92). ,

    ,

    , . (portfolio)

    ,

    (Bahous, 2008:381-393).

    ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    , .

    ( ).

    2.2. :

    , ,

    , 1990, .

    .

    . Paulson, Paulson & Meyer (1991:60-

    64) , , 11,

    :

    , /

    . ,

    ,

    ,

    11 purposeful collection of student work that exhibits the student s efforts, progress and achievements in one or more areas. The collection must include student participation in selecting contents, the criteria for selection, the criteria for judging merit and evidence of student self-reflection Paulson, Paulson & Meyer (1991:60-64).

  • 55

    . .

    . Paulson, Paulson

    & Meyer (1991:60-64), , , (3)

    : )

    , ) ,

    ) ,

    .

    , , Arter & Spandel, (1992:32):

    ,

    . Ryan (1994:7),

    , ,

    ,

    . Ryan (1994:7) ,

    ,

    . Messick (1994:13-23)

    (self-regulation) (self-reflection)

    ,

    . Stiggins (1997:449), ,

    :

    ,

    ,

    , ,

    , , , , . Herman, Aschbacher &

    Winters (1992:5) Valencia (1997:1-35)

    ,

    , ,

    . Shapley & Bush (1999:111-132)

    ,

    -,

    , . Barrett (2000:1-15)

    ,

    .

    :

  • 56

    , , ,

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    ,

    Wenzel et al., (1998:208-212) & Karlowicz (2002:82-

    87),

    . Abdal-Haqq (1996:1-5) Gerrish et al., (1997:56-59)

    , Price (1994:35-38)

    Endacott et al., (2002:45-49)

    ,

    . Brown (1995:13-18)

    : ,

    12.

    , , ,

    ,

    ,

    (Heartel, 1990:278-294 Wiggins, 1993:25-27).

    , , ,

    , , (Wolf et al., 1991:34-37

    Wade & Yarbrough, 1996:63-79 Smith & Tillema, 1998:193-205). (Graves & Sunstein,

    1992:56-58)

    (Wolf, et al., 1989:34-35 Kremer-Hayron, 1993:34-35 Laboskey, 1994:56-57 Wolf

    et al., 1997:56-57 Hamilton, 1998:89-90 Smith & Tillema, 1998:193-205) ,

    12 . , , . , , : (Hamps-Lyons, 2003:162-189), McMillan (2004:162-189) , , , , . Porter & Cleland (1995), , , . Wolf (1998:35-39), , . Farr & Tone (1998:10-15) , , . , - , , (Mc Lean et al., 1996:6-15).

  • 57

    (envelope), .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    (Cruickshank, 1987:78-89 Zeichner & Liston, 1987:23-48). ,

    , ,

    (Redman:1994:67-70 Smith & Tillema, 1998:193-205)

    (Topping, 1998:249-276),

    , ,

    (Loughran & Corrigan, 1995:565-577).

    , (Laboskey,

    1994:56-57 Borko et al., 1997:347-357 Bain et al., 1999:51-73). , ,

    (Tillema & Smith,

    2000:193-210).

    (critical self-reflection) (self-

    regulation) .

    , ,

    ,

    (Cole, 2005:1140-1142). Hays (2004:801-803)

    , Montemayor

    (2004:23-29)

    ,

    .

    .

    (competence-based learning),

    ,

    , ,

    (Beishuizen et al., 2006:491-508). Steffens (2006:67-70)

    : )

    , ) )

  • 58

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    ,

    (Steffens, 2006:67-70). Moon (1999:67-70)

    , Brown & Sorrell (1999:16-

    19) Jasper (1999:34-35)

    . Endacott et al., (2002:45-49),

    , . Scholes et al.,

    (2003:595-603) (self-directed learning)

    ,

    .

    .

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    (Mathers et al., 1999:521-530). , ,

    ,

    . Van der Vleuten (2004:35-38) : )

    , ) ) . Seitz & Bartholomew

    (2008:63-68) , ,

    (, , )

    . , ,

    , ,

    . Kruse (2001:359-

    383)

    . ,

    , , ,

  • 59

    . ,

    .

    , ,

    (Danielson, 1996:20-22 Danielson & Abrutyn, 1997:34-38 Gronlund & Engel,

    2001:56-57 Kleinert et al., 2002:40-47).

    Van Tartwijk, Driessen & Rubens (2004:8-10) (6) -

    , .

    : , , , ,

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    ,

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    , - .

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    (tasks), ) , ,

    .

    .

    , , , ,

    , )

    ,

    ,

    .

    Seely (1994:16), Cole et al., (1995:201-219) Frederiksen et al., (1997:332-333)

    :

    ,

  • 60

    , , ,

    . , ,

    , , ,

    , / ,

    . (Rivera, 1994:14-17 Bauer, 2001:67-69)

    : )

    , ) , )

    , ,

    . ,

    , ,

    . ,

    .

    : Polin (1991:25-27)

    Hamps-Lyons & Condon (2000:24-27) 1990

    .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    .

    , 1997, . 1997

    , (1998 2003, .

    .. 303/13-03-03:3743-3745)

    ( .. 303/13-03-03).

    (..86/2001/73,. .. . 303/13/03/03:3743-3745),

    , ,

    ,

    .

    (1998:76) (2002:122-126) &

    (2005:5-6), :

    1) ( ).

  • 61

    2) , , ( , , ).

    3) , . 4) . 5) . , ,

    .

    (..86/2001/ 73, . .. 303/13-03-03:3743-3744).

    ,

    (2006:24) :

    ,

    . &

    (2005:4): ,

    .

    , ,

    ( ). &

    (2004:8) :

    ,

    , ,

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    .

    ,

    , , ,

    - , - - (Seely,

    1994:18 -, 2005:4).

    , , ,

    , ,

    : ) , ,

    , )

  • 62

    ,

    , ) ,

    , , ,

    , )

    ) ,

    .

    ,

    .

    2.3

    Seely (1994:23-25) Ryan (1994:9-12)

    ,

    :

    1) . (,

    ) , .

    , ,

    .

    ,

    : ) - , )

    , ) , ) ,

    ) .

    2) --.

    . ,

    . ,

    ,

    . ,

  • 63

    (, 2005:33) .

    , , , , , ,

    , , , , , ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    , , ,

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    , , , . ,

    .

    ( & , 2005:6). , ,

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    , , :

    , ,

    , , .

    . , ,

    ,

    , ,

    , , .

    3) . Seely (1994:26) (audience) .

    - , , ,

  • 64

    , / , ,

    .

    4) - . . , ,

    , , . ,

    ,

    (digital portfolio).

    .

    Helen Barrett (2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29)

    . (5)

    : ) (collection),

    ) (selection), )

    (reflexion), ) (projection) )

    (connection). ,

    ,

    . : ,

    . (collection)

    , .

    , , (selection).

    .

    . (reflexion): o

    . ,

    .

    , .

    , (projection), ,

    .

    , (connexion),

    , . ,

    .

    .

    Seitz & Bartholomew (2008:63-68) Barrett (2000:1-10 &

    2005:27-29)

    . (3) : ) , )

  • 65

    ) . , ,

    , ,

    .

    , . , , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    .

    (, , , )

    ,

    , .

    , ,

    .

    , , ,

    (in context) (Hebert, 2001:78-80).

    , ,

    (interactive assessment). Shores (1998:56-57)

    , ,

    , .

    ( )

    :

    (Fox, 2007:89-90).

    , (Seitz & Bartholomew, 2008:63-68)

    , .

    , :

    . , ,

    ,

    (Fox, 2007:89-90).

    . , ,

    , .

    (self-directed)

    (scaffolding). ,

  • 66

    . , ,

    , .

    , 3 ,

    , .

    , , ,

    , .

    , ,

    .

    , .

    (3) : (collection),

    (selection) (reflection)

    (Barrett, 2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29).

    : (3)

    : , .

    .

    .

    1 ,

    .

    :

    ,

    (Wolk, 1997:67-72). , ,

    .

    ,

    . ,

    (, , )

    (Helm et al., 1998:23-29). , ,

    ,

    , ,

    .

    : -- (collect-select-reflect)

    (Barrett, 2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29 Seitz & Bartholomew, 2008:63-68). , , ,

  • 67

    - (collection) :

    , , , , , projects ,

    .

    , .

    , . , ,

    :

    , .

    / .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

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    / .

    , .

    .

    (selection) .

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    .

    ,

    . ,

    . , ,

    . ,

    . , (reflection) ,

    ,

    , , ,

    , .

    , , .

    (

  • 68

    ; , ;

    ;).

    .

    , ,

    (self-confidence).

    ,

    . ,

    , , ,

    .

    :

    (, , , ). (Meisels et al., 2001:61-85

    Barrett, 2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29 Seitz & Bartholomew, 2008:63-68)

    .

    ( , )

    .

    (

    blog ).

    . :

    ,

    .

    ,

    . , ,

    . , ,

    , , .

    .

    ,

    . ,

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    .

    , , ,

    , , ,

    .

    ,

  • 69

    .

    .

    ,

    , , , .

    1 (Seitz & Bartholomew, 2008:63-68)

    - - - - -

    - - - - -

    - - - - -

    - - - - - , ,

    - - - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - - - - -

    - - - - -

    - - ( )

  • 70

    2.4

    (Seely, 1994:27 Ryan, 1994:10-11 Burke et al., 1994:27)

    . (4)

    . Seely (1994:27-28) : )

    (showcase), ) (documentation), )

    (evaluation) ) (process) (Seely,

    1994:27-28). H Ryan (1994:9-12), , , ,

    (4) : ) (collection portfolio), )

    (showcase or display portfolio), ) (assessment portfolio) )

    (teacher professional portfolio). Burke et al., (1994:27)

    (3) : ) (personal

    portfolio), ) (professional portfolio), )

    (academic portfolio). Cole & Ryan (2000:34-36) (3)

    : ) , ) ) .

    (Danielson & Abrutyn, 1997:67-70),

    (Cole & Ryan, 2000:34-36), (Mc Millan, 2004:23-

    25). Campell et al., (1997:56-57) (working

    portfolios) (presentation portfolios).

    Reetz (1995:20-22) & Swicegood (1994:6-15): (4) ,

    ) ( ), )

    - - - -

    - - - -

    - - - - -

  • 71

    ( ), )

    ( ) )

    ( ).

    , Rolheiser et al., (2002:81-95),

    (2) : ) (product portfolio),

    , ,

    ,

    , )

    (process portfolio), , ,

    .

    Epstein (2005:1-3) Lombardi (2008:7-10),

    : , (process portfolio)

    , (product portfolio).

    ( , ),

    , .

    ,

    .

    E-portfolio-digital portfolio ( ):

    , (Barrett, 2005:27 Woodward &

    Nanlohy, 2004:227-238 Wall et al., 2006:261-273)

    ( ),

    ,

    , , . Wall et al., (2006:261-273)

    ) , )

    , ) , )

    , )

    .

    .

  • 72

    , ,

    , :

    1) .

    ( , CdRom, DVD, memory

    stick).

    2) ,

    . , ,

    .

    3) ,

    (-).

    4) , , , ,

    .

    & (2007:148-156) , ,

    : 1)

    /, 2)

    , 3) , 4)

    ,

    , 5) , 6)

    . Barrett (2005:27-

    29), ,

    .

    ( ,

    ) .

    , (

    --

    , ).

    (collection):

    , .

    (selection):

    ,

    .

  • 73

    / (reflection):

    ,

    . , .

    (projection):

    .

    .

    (presentation): , ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    2.5 (-)

    , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    , ,

    (, 2006:34-36). ,

    1990, ,

    (Webb et al., 2002:879-898 Driessen et al., 2005:214-220 Friedman et al.,

    2005:535-531).

    , .

    )

  • 74

    : ,

    ,

    . ,

    ,

    , , .. (, 2006:34). Driessen et al.,

    (2005:214-220), ,

    .

    .

    Mc Cullan et al., (2003:283-294)

    . ,

    , ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    , (

    ,

    ),

    .

    , ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    . Ryan (1994:8-9) (Barrett, 2000:1-10 &

    2005:27-29 Meisels et al., 2001:61-85 Seitz & Bartholomew, 2008:63-68)

    : )

    , ) , , )

    ) .

    ,

    , . Baus (2008:381-393)

    :

    (, ,

    ),

    ,

  • 75

    ,

    ,

    ,

    , .

    , (Baus, 2008:381-393) ,

    ,

    .

    :

    ,

    .

    , ,

    , (Farr & Tone, 1998:34-35 Gronlund,

    2002:1-10 Weigle, 2002:20-22 Penanflorida, 2002:344-353 Hamps-Lyons, 2003:56-57 Mc Millan,

    2004:45-49). ,

    ,

    . , ,

    : ,

    , ,

    ,

    . , :

    ) ) ,

    , .

    .

    , , , , ,

    . ,

    .

    Weigle (2002:40-42)

    : )

  • 76

    , , ) , ,

    , )

    ) (

    / , / ,

    ). )

    .

    , )

    (clear rubrics/assessment criteria)

    .

    ,

    ) , , :

    , ,

    . ,

    , .

    Shulman Stanford University,

    (5)

    (. . Barrett, 2003:1-3):

    ,

    .

    .

    .

    : ,

    .

    .

    .

    .

    , (2006:32-33)

    :

    - ,

    ,

  • 77

    ,

    , ,

    ,

    ( , , , ..),

    ,

    .

    )

    , ,

    , ,

    , : Mc Millan (2004:45-46) Baus

    (2008:381-393) , ,

    , , , .

    ,

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    . Mc Millan (2004:238-239)

    : ) , ) ) . Lynch & Shaw

    (2005:263-297)

    : ,

    .

    (reliability & validity) ,

    .

    Shapley & Bush (1999:111-113),

    Dallas

    ( ) 1995-96.

    ,

    ,

    , ,

  • 78

    , . , ,

    ,

    . (Pitts et al.,

    1999:515-520 Baume et al., 2002:7-25 Mc Cullan et al., 2003:283-294),

    . Driessen et al., (2005:214-220) ,

    : ) :

    ,

    )

    , , )

    . ,

    , ,

    , . ,

    . ,

    (Norcini et al., 1997:39-59)

    ,

    . Driessen et al., (2005:214-220),

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    . Shulman Stanford University,

    (5)

    (. . Barrett, 2003:1-3):

    (lamination):

    ,

    .

    (heavy lifting):

    ;

    (trivialization):

    .

    (perversion): ,

    .

    (mispresentation): , ,

    ;

  • 79

    (2006:45-47) , ,

    :

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    2.6

    ( )

    ,

    . (reliability)

    . ,

    - .

    , , .

    )

    , )

    , ) /

    , )

    . ,

  • 80

    (Herman et al., 1992:34-35 Herman et al., 1994:48-55

    LeMathieu et al., 1995:11-28 Shapley & Bush, 1999:111-132). , ,

    , ,

    (validity). , ,

    . ,

    , .

    , . , ,

    . ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    (Herman et al., 1994:48-55 Reckase, 1995:12-31 Shapley & Bush,

    1999:111-132).

    .

    , ( )

    , (

    ) (Herman et al., 1994: 48-55 Reckase, 1995: 12-31 Shapley & Bush, 1999:111-132).

    , , ,

    ,

    . , ,

    , ,

    (Driessen et al., 2006:862-866).

    . ,

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    , ,

    , , ,

    . ,

    ().

  • 81

    , ,

    .

    ,

    , ,

    , -

    , .

    , , ,

    .

    ,

    , (Driessen et al., 2006:862-866).

    , ,

    , .

    Heller et al., (1998:5-40),

    . ,

    .

    ( ,

    ), , .

    ,

    , , , (

    ). , ,

    ,

    : , .

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    , 1 ,

    . 3 : ,

    , . ,

  • 82

    , .

    ,

    , .

    ,

    . , ,

    ( ,

    ), .

    ,

    .

    . -

    (Driessen et al., 2006:862-866):

    ,

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    ).

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    , ( ,

    , , , ).

    , .

    , .

    (-, , ,

    ).

    Driessen et al., (2006:862-866)13

    , , ,

    13 Maastricht University . , , . (, , ) .

  • 83

    14 ,

    . , ,

    .

    15 ,

    ,

    ( 40 231 ). ,

    , , ,

    .

    :

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    ),

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    / ;

    ;

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    ;

    . . 14 Portfolio Analysis Scoring Inventory

  • 84

    /

    ;

    ,

    ;

    ,

    . Driessen et al., (2006:862-866)

    ,

    ( -1-) ( -2-).

    ,

    . , (-6-), ,

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    Bush, 1999:111-132). , , ,

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    , , ,

    , , ,

    ,

    .

    2.7 &

    ,

    , , (Smith & Yancey,

    2000:45-47). ,

    ( )

  • 85

    (Paulson et al., 1991:60-63). ( )

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    309). , , ,

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    . Fernsten & Fernsten (2005:303-309)

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  • 86

    , .

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    Conway (1994:83-102)

    .

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  • 87

    , , .

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  • 88

    : ,

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  • 89

    (Pesut & Herman,

    1992:148-154).

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    (1993:56-57 & 1999:80-82) ,

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  • 90

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  • 91

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  • 92

    . , ,

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    (Decker & Decker, 2001:24-28 Seegers

    et al., 2003:56-57). Fetterman (1994:1-15) & Shaddish (1994:32-34)

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    (Worthern et al., 2000:45-46). , Dalandshere

    (2001:111-133)

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    (1994:1-15)

  • 93

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    1990b:25-50 Mizell, 2004:67).

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  • 94

    (---)

    .

    . Fontana &

    Fernandes (1994:407-417) Frederiksen & White (1997:332),

    ,

    .

    3.3

    (portfolio)15,

    (teacher portfolio) .

    ,

    (Dysthe & Engelsen, 2004:240-258). ,

    , :

    - -. -

    (Ritsarson & Kile, 1992:23 Zeichner & Wray, 2001:613-621 Salzman et al.,

    2002:54 Wilkerson & Lang, 2003:1-31 arret, 2005:27-29 Beck et al., 2005:221-244),

    , ,

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    (Barret,

    15 teacher portfolio portfolio assessment , (, 1997). , . (, , ) , . . , (1997, .49). , teaching portfolio ( ), teacher portfolio.

  • 95

    2000:1-10)

    - ,

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    (Zeichner & Wray, 2001:613-621)

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    (Ritsarson & Kile, 1992:23).

    Collins (1992:452-463) ,

    Zeichner & Wray, (2001:613-621), ,

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    (Mc Laughlin, 1990:403-415 Mc Laughling & Vogt, 1996:45-49 Williams et al.,

    2003:89-91)

    . ,

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    Klenowski (2000:215-237),

    ,

    1990, -

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  • 96

    , ,

    , , .

    (Dootlittle,

    1994:10 Andrejko, 1998:1-12 Barrett, 2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29 Beck et al., 2005:221-244 Chitpin &

    Evers, 2005:419-433). Krause (1996:130-139)

    , ,

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    Otis-Wilborn & Winn (2000:78-92)

    ,

    . Lyons (1998:28-30) ,

    , portfolio

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    . Wolf (1998:414-442) Broadfoot (1998:447-477), Lyons (1998:20-30)

    , ,

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    , , ,

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    (coherent story) , ,

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    . Wolf (1996:34-37)

    ,

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    . Zidon (1996:56-70),

  • 97

    , ,

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    Freeman (1998:45-46),

    . Anderson & DeMeulle (1998:23-31)

    , ,

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    :

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    , ,

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    572 Wade & Yarlborough, 1996:63-79 Woodward, 1998:415-423 Birman et al., 2000:28-32 Klenowski,

    2002:67-70 Conderman, 2003:106-111 Dinhams & Scott, 2003:229-244 Tucker et al., 2003:572-602).

    , Anderson & DeMeulle (1998:23-31), Schn (1983)16,

    ,

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    . O Mc Kinney (1998:85-103),

    ,

    16 Schn (1983 & 1987) (thinking in action) , , . , (Bruner, 1990). .

  • 98

    , .

    Snyder et al., (1988:128),

    , ,

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    . Klenowski (2000:215-237)

    . Lyons (1998:20-30),

    ,

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    2004:127-132).

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    (

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    . Campbell et

    al., (2000:34-35)

  • 99

    17. Klecker (2000:35-38)

    Kentucky Teacher Internship Program.

    :

    .

    ,

    (Murphy et al., 2006:97-112).

    Wolf (1996:34-37),

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    teacher portfolio ( ),

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    (1992:36-44) ,

    , ,

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    (formative assessment),

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    17 Interstate New Teacher Assessment & Support Consortium ( ).

  • 100

    (, ,

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    (selective),

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    , .

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  • 101

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    . , Staff and Educational

    Development Association (SEDA) , , 1992 62

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    1700 (Baume & Baume,

  • 102

    1996:51-58 SEDA:2002). (Chitpin & Evers,

    2005:419-433)

    Karl Popper (1979)

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    (Barton & Collins, 1993:200-210 Lyons, 1998 & 1999:63-65 Windsor et al., 1999:9-31 Brown, 2001:1-

    13). Chitpin & Evers (2005:419-433)

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    18 (paper-based portfolio) (digital portfolio)

  • 103

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    (Beck et al., 2005:224). Hartnell-Young & Morris (1999:132)

    ,

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    31 Lamson et al., 2001: 56-57). Barrett (2000:34-38) Davies & Willis (2001:7-31)

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    & Morris, 1999:132 Barrett, 2000:34-38 Piper, 2000:67). ,

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    .

    Hartnell-Young & Morris (1999:132) ,

  • 104

    . ,

    Woodward & Nanlohy (2004:227-238), ,

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    (Hartnell-Young &

    Morris, 1999:132 Barrett, 2000:34-38 Piper, 2000:67). Kimeldorf (1997:56-58)

    :

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    Kimeldorf (1997:56-58)

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  • 105

    3.6

    ,

    , :

    ,

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    , . Beck

    et al., (2005:224), (teacher accountability teacher development)

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    . (Wolf et al.,

    1989:35-39 Wolf et al., 1997:129-136 Wolf et al., 1998:45-46 Klecker, 2000:35-38 Campbell et al.,

    2000:76),

    . , Darling (2001:107-121)

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    (2001:107-121)19: , ,

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    19 TP (Teacher Performance Assessment) California . (teacher accountability perspective) (pact.gse.usi.edu/uci_tpa). , Darling (2001:107-121) , .

  • 106

    , , .

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    Darling (2001:107-121)

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    20 A portfolio is a narrative that tells a coherent story of your learning experiences in the program and highlights thoughtful reflection on, and analysis of these experiences. It is not simply an acquisition of pieces and products, it is an unfolding of your understandings about teaching and learning and about your development as a professional (Darling, 2001:111).

  • 107

    , ,

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    3.7

    .

    (Dootlittle, 1994:10 Andrejko, 1998:1-12 Barrett, 2000:1-10 & 2005:27-29)

    , , ,

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  • 108

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  • 109

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    (Gelfer et al., 2004:129 Driessen et al., 2005:214-220) :

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  • 110

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    21 , , . , , , , . Murphy et al., (2006:97-112), : ) --, ) - ) . 1 , : ) , ) , ) , ) .., ) , ) , ) . ( 5 , , : 1) , , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) . , , . , .

  • 111

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  • 112

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  • 113

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  • 114

    , (2) ,

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    (Edelfelt & Raths, 1998:78-79 Darling-Hammond, 1999:75-77 Galluzzo, 1999:34-36 Myers & Crowe,

    2000:67-70 Association For Childhood Education, 2000 & 2001),

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  • 115

    . ,

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    Assessment and Support Consortium)22

    (National Association for the Education of Young Children &

    Association of Childhood Education International).

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    22 Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) 1987 , . , . 1992 (, ) . INTASC, - . (http://www.ccsso.org/Projects/interstate_new_teacher_assessment_and_support_consortium/)

  • 116

    6 :

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    23 NAEYC ACEI (Ledoux & McHenry, 2006:103-116).

  • 117

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  • 118

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  • 119

    (National Staff Development Council, 2001 Ledoux & McHenry,

    2006:103-116). , ,

    (Zubizarreta, 1994:323-326 Danielsen, 1996:45-48). ,

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