, - . , - , - . - , , , , .

30 95 2012

() , IV () ,

V (I)

(Stealth)

31 (STEALTH)

, "Stealth", - ( ) . , () - - , . - Stealth , , .

, - " " F-35,

- Stealth, " ". - - - , - , - -

/ -, .

, - Stealth, - -, . - -, - RCS (Radar CrossSection). - - RCS. - ,

32 95 2012

1: / Ho 229, / - ( ), .

33

. , - - -.

1.

- (X..) "LowObservability" Stea-lth (/) , - . (/), , -, , , , -- , -- - .

- : ' , - , . '30, .

-

(Radar CrossSection RCS) /, - . 2 , - / - .., . , /, - - .., - Horten Ho 229. - 1944-5 , . , /. '80, Northrop Grumman Ho 229 - - 1, , . 2009 National Geographic 2. - , Ho 229 - - .

, 1950, - Avro Vulcan

(STEALTH)

3 ( ), , - . / (- ) ..

.. -, - /, . / U-2 Lockheed '50 (70.000-80.000ft), - RCS ,

- /4. 1958 CIA "Kelly" Johnson Skunk Works Lockheed / , - U-2 (

- 1960, - - ) (3,2 Mach). , 1964 / SR-71 Blackbird , (90.000ft), (3,3 Mach). To / SR-71 - - , ,

34 95 2012

2: / SR-71 Blackbird Lockheed, , - RAM (Radar-Absorbent Materials).

35

- - - - -. , - , SR-71 1998 , U-2 .

, '60, PyotrUfimtsev / . - , - 5. - - USAF ( ) - stealth.

Lockheed - RCS,

6. - / , RCS. , - / F-117 Nighthawk7. F-117 1975 "Hope-less Diamond" ( "Hope Diamond", - , "Lebleu de France") . stealth -, 1989, 1 1991 ( 1300 , -

(STEALTH)

3: / F-117A Nighthawk Lockheed . - Stealth /. 1981, - , 2008.

1600 ), 1999, 2001 2 2003. 2008, /stealth , F-22.

27-03-99, -, F-117 . - - SA-3( - '60) -, /. . - (/) - " " ( ), / , / stealth, 7. / / F-168. , - F-117, - -7.

, .. ,

/ , / -. , - / stealth , .

2. (RADAR CROSS SECTION RCS)

RCS / "" / . - , ( ), - .

- 9, RCS - 4 - . , , d

36 95 2012

37

, 10:

E scat - E inc - . RCS .

, , , / , - 11. RCS (, m). RCS -. , RCS - 12: = x x

:

"" -.

- - .

- () ( - -). RCS . -, :

.

. / -

.

. / -

. ,

- - - .

, -.

RCS :

4 RCS

(STEALTH)

=lim 4 d2 Escat 2

d E inc 2

- ( - -). , RCS / . , - ( )12:

( -), - : -

( - ). , RCS - - - =2r, r ..., 1m2, 1,13m, 1 GHz , - RCS 1 m2.

(

38 95 2012

. 4: RCS ( ).

39 (STEALTH)

RCS (m2)

(200 m ) 14000 13

-52 Stratofortress 100 - 125 3, 13, 16, 19

(25 m) 100 13

B-26 Marauder 100 13

IXE 100 11, 16

C-130 Hercules 80 13

Boeing 707 60 13

Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack 15 3

F-15 Eagle 10 - 25 17, 16

Su-27 Flanker 10 - 15 17

F-4 Phantom 6 - 10 3, 13

Mig-29 Fulcrum 5 17

F-16 A 5 16

F-18 C/D Hornet 1 - 3 16, 17, 19

2 11

M-2000 1 - 2 17

F-16 C 1,2 16, 19

T-38 Talon 1 13

1 11

Eurofighter

Mie), - -: - RCS - . RCS - , =2r , . , RCS . - 10 ., 955 MHz, RCS - 0,063 m2, , .. 10GHz, RCS 0,016 m2.

( Ray-

leigh), - : , RCS - -. .. .

RCS :

5, RCS , , ,max=4 w2 h2 /2 =4 w2 h2 f 2 /c2 , w h , f / c - . RCS - . - 1m2

RCS 14.000m2 10 GHz -. , RCS - . - , - - - . ,

95 2012 40

5: RCS , () (). , - , 12..

41

-, .

RCS , - , ref 1 m2:dBsm=10 log (/ref ).

6 - (m2) dBsm (deciBellsquare meter, - 1 m2).

7 RCS / ( -26) () /Stealth -. -26, /, RCS , , / Stealth RCS , , RCS . , RCS

(STEALTH)

6: RCS (m2) dBsm (deciBell square meter, - 1 m2) 13.

7: RCS / / Stealth15. Stealth / - , .

- , - - .

RCS - - .., - / -. , RCS / . ' ' , 1 - RCS / . , - -, /, - RCS, / F-16, - RCS .

RCS - , - - .

, - , , 11:

Rmax , Pt -, G Ae , RCS Smin , "" . , Pt ,

42 95 2012

Rmax= Pt GAe (4)2 Smin

8: ( km) RCS ( dBsm): L-Band ("L-Band surveillance"), / ("AI radar" -Airborne Interceptor Radar) - ("Seeker"), X-Band.

43

G, Ae Smin , - 4

RCS : Rmax 4

,

"" RCS 1 m ( - /) 200 - (..), RCS 5m ( ) - 299 .. ( 255 ..), RCS 0,1m ( ..) 112 .. RCS0,001 m (/ stealth) - 36 .. /, - -. - 8, - , L-Band(1 2 GHz), / X-Band (8 12 GHz) -, X-Band10.

3. RCS

RCS - (Shaping),

(Radar-Absorbent Materials RAM), (Passive Cancellation) - (Active Cancellation)10, 13.

( , ). RCS - - / ( ). - F-117A, - , - . "" / .

, - , (, , -, ) - / - RCS - / stealth., / -

(STEALTH)

- - /. , / stealth - . , RCS -. -, , , .

- -- --. / - - - "" . , -, -, . , / .., - , F-117 SR-71, , B-2Spirit.

, / stealth(.. F-117A), (.. F-22 -

-), -.

- - . , /, , . - - , - / (Fly By Wire).

, RAM (Radar-AbsorbentMaterials), - , . , , - (.., -, -). RAM - , - .

44 95 2012

45

- - , , RCS - 21. , (Iron Ball Paint), - . / , / . - RAM , . -, RAM /.

RAM, - / - - "-" , - , / - .

(Passive cancella-tion) "Impe-dance loading" , -

- - 10. , - -22, - . - /, - - - . -, - -, RCS. , .

(Active cancellation Active loading) , "" , 10. "" , - - , .

(STEALTH)

- -, , , - - "" - , - - . - - , - "" , -. / Rafale35, 36.

, - , , "plasma stealth" "Activestealth". -24, 25, 26, (), /. / / , / -. - , / . - - , -

, - /. - 27 1999 . ' ' , - - - , , .

4. /STEALTH RCS

.., - RCS, (InfraRed IR), - .

- -. / . /.. . - -- (Turbofan), - ,

46 95 2012

47

- - . /, .., - , .

, .. . - . -, / , - . - / - . / stealth - (). USAF - /stealth , , - ( Yehoudi)4. , 28.

IR, /

, , - - . , F-117 -2 - (Afterburner), IR . IR , - - . - -. -, F-117 B-2Spirit. , - - - -. - , , ( ). , , - - .

, / ..

(STEALTH)

- , .., , IFF, -, -, . - , - - . , - - (Low Proba-bility of Intercept) APG-77 F-22, "" / , -, "" 29.

5. /

- -

/ .. - - .

Rockwell B-1Lancer ()

/ -1 Rockwell ( - - Boeing) -,

, , ( ) 1974. / ( '80) - .. (RCS < 1 m2). - 100 / 3, 13,20, 30.

Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit()

To / -2 , " " - .. (RCS < 0,1 m2). : 1989. 20 / 3, 31.

Lockheed Martin/Boeing F-22Raptor ()

To / F-22 Raptor , /, -

48 95 2012

9: -2 Spirit Northrop Grumman. 80 "" JDAM 500 (-82). (52,4 m , 478 m2 ), - RCS 0,1 m2.

49

, - , - .

: 1997. RCS 0,0001 m2, - / stealth. - , - / . - (187/ ), 16, 17, 32.

Lockheed Martin F-35 LightningII ()

/ F-35 , - / stealth - (,, -). :2006. 3: F-35A (- / /), F-35 ( / /) F-35C( -). , : . ,, , -

, , , -, ( - / - ). - ,

(STEALTH)

10: / F-22A Raptor Lockheed Martin. - Stealth / . - RCS 0,0001 m2 (head on), .

11: / F-35 Lockheed Martin , . RCS 0,0015 m2 (head on) .

USAF33. F-35, , , .

Dassault Rafale ()

/ Rafale Dassault Aviation - . - / stealth, .. F-22 F-35. - .., - RCS /, MMRCA 14. - - "Active cancellation" 35. - - , - Rafale, SPECTRA34, 35,36. 19-03-11, , / Rafale - (SEAD Sup-pression of Enemy Air Defense), 37, 40. , - , - 100 - Tomahawk. -,

23 Rafale "- - - ". Rafale - - - ..

Boeing F-15SE Silent Eagle()

Silent Eagle - F-15E Boeing, /, , - RCS42. , - , - - - , , RAM . Boeing .. /5 43, F-15SE .. F-35, - -, - F-15SE - stealth 44.

50 95 2012

51

Sukhoi PAK FA()

T Sukhoi PAK FA - 5, stealth OKBSukhoi38. 2010 - 2015-2016. - . - " / 5 " (FifthGeneration Fighter Aircraft -FGFA), - Mig-29 Su-27. .., , , - . - - -, . - 2 - / stealth: - -

, - / stealth.

CHENGDU J-20 ()

To J-20 , - / 5 39. - .. Chengdu AircraftIndustry Group. :2011. - 2017-2019.

(STEALTH)

12: -50 Sukhoi PAK FA. PAK FA / 5 , Stealth.

CHENGDU J-20

/ - . . Chengdu J-20 - -.

(UAV, UCAV)

/, - - (UnmannedAerial Vehicle - UAV) - (Unmanned CombatAerial Vehicle - UCAV), stealth. 41: Boeing X-45 () BAE Taranis BAE Systems

(. ) Dassault nEUROn (,

, , ,, )

EADS Barracuda (,)

Lockheed Martin RQ-170Sentinel ()

Northrop Grumman X-47B()

MiG Skat Mikoyan ().

/ , /, , - . - stealth - . / - (RCS) . / 4 - , / 5 - RCS, stealth., , / stealth , , , , -, - / - .

- , - , - - /, /stealth F-35, -

52 95 2012

53

stealth , , ] -, . - - stealth, -, , , .

( ):3 Doug Richardson, Stealth Warplanes,Zenith Press, 2001.5 P.Ya. Ufimtsev, Method of EdgeWaves in the Physical Theory ofDiffraction, Soviet Radio, Moscow,1962.6 M.W. Browne, "Lockheed creditsSoviet theory in design of F-117",Aviation Week Space Technology, p.27, December 1991.9 F. Jay, (ed. in chief), IEEE StandardDictionary of Electrical and Electronicterms, ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1984, 3rdedition, IEEE Press, New York, 1984.10 Eugene Knott, John F. Schaeffer,Michael T. Tuley, Radar CrossSections, SciTech Publishing Inc, 2ndrevised edition, 2004.11 Merrill I. Skolnik, Introduction toRadar Systems (2nd edition), McGrawHill Book Company, 1981.12 USN, Naval Air Systems Command,

Weapons Division, AvionicsDepartment, Electronic WarfareDivision, lectronic warfare and radarsystems engineering handbook, NAW-CWPNS TP 8347, w / Rev 2 of 1 April1999 and later changes,http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD =ADA452799.13 David K. Barton, Sergey A. Leonov,Eds, Radar Technology Encyclopedia(Elec-tronic Edition), Artech House,1998.14 Ashley J. Tellis, Dogfight! India'sMedium Multi-Role Combat Aircraftdecision, Carnegie Endowment forInterna-tional Peace, 2011.15 Lt.Col. Arend G. Westra, "Radar ver-sus stealth - Passive radar and thefuture of U.S. Military power", JointForce Quarterly, no.55, Oct. 09,pp.136-143http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/images/jfq-55/22.pdf18 Bill Sweetman, "EADS Knows LO",Aviation Week, 23-05-07, http://aviation-week.typepad.com/ares/2007/05/eads_knows_lo.html.20 Jim Cunningham, "The New OldThreat: Fighter Upgrades and WhatThey Mean for the USAF", AirChronicles, 03-12-97,http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA33253622 Cpt Douglas H. Casanova, USAF, "Arigorous UTD analysis of electromag-netic scattering from resistive strips andresistive-loaded conducting strips",Thesis AFIT/GEIENG/9 1D-09, Dec. 91,http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA24369123 Rafale International, "Fox Three"no.15 http://www.dassault-aviation.com/ fileadmin/user_upload/redacteur/Defence/Rafale/

(STEALTH)

FoxThree_Fox15.pdf28 David Hambling, "Cloak of LightMakes Drone Invisible?", Wired, 09-05-08, http://www.wired.com/danger-room/2008/05/invisible-drone34 Bill Sweetman, "Killer Angels",Journal of Elecrtonic Defense, Nov.2002, http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/rafale.htm35 , DassaultRafale, F.3 -, , 39,.-.09, .32-49,http://www.interception.gr /app/ web-root/objects/39_DASSAULT_RAFALE.pdf36 Bill Sweetman, "A Stealthier Rafale?",posted in Aviation Week, 05-04-10,http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckBlogId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post% 3aa516b9ad-cec2-4ad8-b583-d79faa5b305237 Briganti, Giovanni. "Rafale inCombat: War for Dummies", postedin Defense-aerospace, 31 May 2011,http://www.defense-aerospace.com/arti-cle-view/feature/125860/rafale-in-com-bat%3A-%E2%80%9Cwar-for-dum-mies% E2%80%9 D.html40 Hoyle Craig, "France's Rafale fighterproves its 'omnirole' skills", FlightInternational, 14 June 2011,http://www.flightglobal.com/news/arti-cles/frances-rafale-fighter-proves-its-omnirole-skills-357687/43 Stephen Trimble, "F-15 Silent EagleMedia Briefing", posted in FlightGlobalBlogs, 17-03-09, http://www.flightglob-al.com/ blogs/the-dewline/2009/03/f-15-silent-eagle-media-briefi.html

: ( - 30-04-12)

1

http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/ news_releases.html?d=167827

2

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/ 2009/06/090625-hitlers-stealth-fighter-plane. html

4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_technology

7

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_F-117_ Nighthawk

8

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/ articles/20051121.aspx

16 http://www.globalsecurity.org/mili-tary/world/ stealth-aircraft-rcs.htm

17 http://www.defence.pk/forums/mili-tary-fo-rum/20908-rcs-different-fight-ers.html

19

http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~dheb/ 2300/ Articles/PG/PGSA.htm

21 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar-absorbe-nt material

24 http://www.military-heat.com/43/russian-pla-sma-stealth-fighters/

25

http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread89869/pg1

26

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_stealth

27 http://air-attack.com/page/19

29 http://www.globalsecurity.org/mili-

54 95 2012

55

tary/systems/aircraft/systems/an-apg-77.htm

30 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1B_Lancer

31 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-2

32 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-22

33 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35

38 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAK_FA

39

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chengdu_J-20

41

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stealth_air-craft

42

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Eagle

44 http://www.airforce-magazine.com/DRArchive/Pages/2009/March%202009/March%2023%202009/Clarification.aspx

:

IV () , V (I) , " - ("Stealth") - / F-35". 2011-2.

(STEALTH)