ΑΓΡΙΑ ΒΡΩΣΙΜΑ ΧΟΡΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΧΛΩΡΙΔΑ ΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ

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____________________ΤΑ ΕΔΩΔΙΜΑ ΑΓΡΙΑ ΧΟΡΤΑ_____________________ Α.Τ.Ε.Ι ΚΡΗΤΗΣ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΑΣ ΓΕΩΠΟΝΙΑΣ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΦΥΤΙΚΗΣ ΠΑΡΑΓΩΓΗΣ Η ΕΔΩΔΙΜΗ ΑΡΩΜΑΤΙΚΗ ΧΛΩΡΙΔΑ ΤΗΣ ΠΕΡΙΟ‐ ΧΗΣ ΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ ΜΕΡΑΜΒΕΛΟΥ\ Σπουδάστρια: ΦΡΑΓΚΟΥΛΗ ΜΑΡΙΝΑ Εισηγητής: ΒΡΑΧΝΑΚΗΣ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΟΣ ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ 1 ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ 1.1 Σκοπός της πτυχιακής εργασίας 1

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ΑΓΡΙΑ ΦΑΓΩΣΙΜΑ ΧΟΡΤΑ

Transcript of ΑΓΡΙΑ ΒΡΩΣΙΜΑ ΧΟΡΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΧΛΩΡΙΔΑ ΕΛΟΥΝΤΑΣ

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    8. .9. .10. .11. .12. .13. .14. .15. .16. .17. .18. .19. .20. .21. .22. .23. .24. .25. .26. .27. .28. .29. .30. .31. .32. .33. .34. .35. .36. .37. .38. .39. .40. .41. .42. .43. .44. .

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    2.2.2

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    2. .3. .4. .5. .6. .7. .8. .9. .10.

    2.2.4

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    17. .18. .19. .20. .21. .22.

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    3.1

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    12

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    ., , .,.,,.,.

    .,, . , Urospermumpicroides,Urospermumpicroides. Urospermum Urospermumpicroides. Urospermumpicroides.

    ,,,.

    ,..

    3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae)

    steraceae . , (. ). , , , . , , , ,

    13

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    . , . , , . . (1991). 1100 20000 . : Cichorium intybus, Cichorium spinosum, Cynaracornigera, Reichardia picroides, Scolymus hispanicus, Sonchus oleraceus,Urospermum picroides, Sylibummarianum,Chrysanthemum coronarium, Lactucaserriola,Taraxacumsp,Helminthothecaechiodes.

    3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae)

    Lamiaceae ,

    .,,.

    .,,. . ,, (2+3).24.,,2. . 4 ( 1991). 2003200,, , , .:Prasiummajus.

    3.1.3OXALIDACEAE

    Oxalidaceae . 34..5.10.55.,

    14

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    (1991).3875.:Oxalispescaprae.

    3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE

    Papaveraceae , ,,, . , , . , . . , , .2 4 . . 220.,.(1975).23200.:Papaverrhoeas.

    3.1.5SOLANACEAE

    Solanaceae , ,, , . . ..5. , , , 5. , , ...(1975).852800.oooo:Solanumluteum.

    15

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    3.1.6URTICACEAE

    Urticaceae , ,., . . , . , 4 (2+2). , . . (1975).49550.oooo:Urticapilulifera.

    3.1.7LILIACEAE

    Liliaceae,. , . , , .12,10,8,6,4,3.3. 13. ( 1975). 280 4000 ,.:Alliumporrum,Muscaricomosus.

    3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE

    , , .3

    16

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    ,.., , . .1010. ..(1991).55013000.:Tetragonolobuspurpureus.

    3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE

    ,., .

    ,. , , ..,..5.

    .2.2 (1975).:Daucuscarotta,Pimpinellatragium,Tordyliumapulum,Foeniculumvulgare,Petroselinumcrispum,Scandixaustralis.

    3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE

    , , . .

    17

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    .,. .23,.13. ( 1998).:Betavulgaris

    3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE

    .,,.5.,...55.,,,, (1998).:Limoniumsinuatum.

    3.1.12PORTULACACEAE

    , . . 246.,3 ( 1998).:Portulacaoleracea.

    3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae)

    , ..4,,4.,2, . , , ,

    18

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    ( 1991). :Nasturiumofficinale,Brassicanigra,Hirschfeldiaincana,Raphanusraphanistrum,Sinapisalba,Erucasativa.

    3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE

    H , . , , .,(1998). :Tamus communis.

    3.1.15POLYGONACEAE

    , , . , , , , . ,,., ( 1998). :Rumexconglomerates.

    19

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    4

    4.1

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    4.1.1 , . Tamus communis Dioscoreaceae.

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    Tamuscommunis Tamuscommunis

    .

    :,,,4., . , , . ,,,,.,,6,6,.,16.,1.1015.,.

    : , , , .

    ,:,.,.

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    . .,.

    4.1.2 , , .CynaracornigeraAsteraceae

    21

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    Cynaracornigera Cynaracornigera

    .

    :(),,2.,, . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . (300400), ,,(2001).

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    22

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    , , , (2003).

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    4.1.3 , , ,, . Scolymus hispanicusAsteraceae

    Scolymushispanicus

    23

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    .

    :,, 1 . . , , ,. , , ., ,, . , , ...,,,(2001).

    : ,,,, . , .

    , : ,.,, . . ,

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    4.1.4 , , .UrospermumpicroidesAsteraceae

    24

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    Urospermumpicroides

    .

    :,,2050 . . , . , ..,,,,,,.

    ,. . , , , ,., , ,.

    ,,. (Sonchusoleraceus), ,

    25

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    .,(2001).

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    4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae

    Sonchusoleraceus Sonchusoleraceus

    .

    :,,60.. , , . , .,,

    26

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    , , . , , , . ,, , ,.

    ,,. (Urospermum picroides), , . , (2001).

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    27

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    .

    4.1.6 , , ,.DaucuscarottaApiaceae

    Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta

    .

    :,,60 .,. . ,,,,.

    Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta

    , ,,.

    ,,,,. ., , (2001).

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    28

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    4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae

    AlliumporrumAlliumporrum

    29

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    , , , , (2001)...

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    30

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    ,,.,,.

    4.1.8 , , .CichoriumintybusAsteraceae

    CichoriumintybusCichoriumintybus

    .

    : , , . (Cichorium intybus), , , ,, (C. Spinosum), , ..

    ,,1..,.,,.

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    31

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    4.1.9.CichoriumspinosumAsteraceae

    32

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    CichoriumspinosumCichoriumspinosum

    .

    : , , , 418 . . . , .

    :(!)1000...

    ,: . E , .Cichoriumintypus.,.

    4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae

    33

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    SylibummarianumSylibummarianum

    .

    : , . ,,,, , , , , .,, 4 . 25.

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    34

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    , , . (, , , ) (, ,).

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    4.1.11 , . Portulaca oleraceaPortulacaceae

    PortulacaoleraceaPortulacaoleracea

    .

    : , , 20 . . , , ,,,., ,,,,23.(2001).

    ,,,,,.

    35

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    :.

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    4.1.12,,,,.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae

    36

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    Muscaricomosus Muscaricomosus

    .

    :,,1550.,.3720.,,.,.,,,6,.,.

    :,,. ,,,..,.,.,.,.

    ,:.,.,,., ,.

    37

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    ,,,..

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    4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae

    BrassicanigraBrassicanigra

    .

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    38

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    . Sinapisalba.

    . ( 2003). , , (,,).

    4.1.14,,HirschfeldiaincanaBrassicaceae

    Hirschfeldiaincana Hirschfeldiaincana

    .

    :1.,,, . , , 5,,,..5.,.812.,,,.

    :.

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    39

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    ,.,.

    4.1.15 , .Raphanus raphanistrumBrassicaceae

    RaphanusraphanistrumRaphanusraphanistrum

    .

    :,3060.,.,,,.2530.,. 80 ., .

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    , :Raphanus sativa ,. .,.

    :.

    40

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    . ().

    ,,.,(Sinapis),.

    . ,, , . 34 , 2 .,.

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    4.1.16 , , , .SinapisalbaBrassicaceae

    Sinapisalba Sinapisalba

    .

    :,,,80.Sinapisarvensis,

    41

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    ,,.. , . .,2030%.

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    Sinapisarvensis () Sinapisalba.,..

    4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae

    42

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    Reichardiapicroides

    .

    : , 545 . , . . , .30..

    : .

    , : . . .,. , .

    4.1.18 , . PimpinellatragiumApiaceae

    .

    Pimpinellatragium Pimpinellatragium

    43

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    :, , , ,,.1015.,,5 .,, .35.

    :.

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    4.1.19,.TordyliumapulumApiaceae

    TordyliumapulumTordyliumapulum

    .

    :,,15..,.,.

    44

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    , , , ., . , ,,(2001).

    :,.,.,.

    ,:,,.,.,.,.

    4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae

    Prasiummajus Prasiummajus

    .

    : 1., , .,25.,,.121723.,

    45

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    ,.10.

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    (50.),,.

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    4.1.21 . Rumex conglomeratesPolygonaceae

    RumexconglomeratesRumexconglomerates

    .

    :, . 30100 ., , .

    46

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    . , ,.

    :,,.

    , : , ,..,., ,, (2003). .

    4.1.22 . Chrysanthemum coronariumAsteraceae

    Chrysanthemumcoronarium

    Chrysanthemumcoronarium

    .

    :,80.,,..56.,.

    : . .

    , : .,

    47

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    . (). , , .

    4.1.23 , . Foeniculum vulgareApiaceae

    Foeniculumvulgare Foeniculumvulgare

    .

    :,2.. ., ,,,.

    , ,,.,,,,.

    .,,..

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    ,:,

    48

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    ..,,..

    , , , ,. ( ) , ,,,(2003)..

    (15.,30.,),

    .,, .! ,.

    4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae

    Petroselinumcrispum Petroselinumcrispum

    .

    :,,.,

    .,,,.,.

    49

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    :,.

    ,:.,, . , .

    ,.,.

    ().

    4.1.25 , , . ScandixaustralisApiaceae

    Scandixaustralis Scandixaustralis

    .

    :,510.,.24,8.,.13

    . 14 ., .

    :,.,.,,.

    50

  • _________________________________________

    .,

    ..

    ,:,,,,.,.,

    .,.

    4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae

    Nasturtiumofficinale Nasturtiumofficinale

    .

    :,1060.,,,,.,,,,.,.1318.,.

    :, ,,.

    , : ., ( ).,..

    51

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    , , , ,,,,. . , , , .

    ,(,,,) . ,,.

    4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae

    Oxalyspescaprae Oxalyspescaprae

    .

    :,.,(20.),.,,612.5,22,5.,105..

    :

    .

    . Oxalyspescaprae().

    52

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    ,:,, , , ..,.

    1,25%, , . ,,.C.

    4.1.28 , . Papaver rhoeasPapaveraceae

    PapaverrhoeasPapaverrhoeas

    .

    : ,,3060.,, , , . . .,,.,

    53

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    . (2001).

    ,,,.,., , , . ,,.

    ,,,810,.

    :,, , , .,.

    ,:(),,. . ,.

    (510 .) (23).,(),.

    !.,,,.

    ., , . , .,..,.

    54

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    4.1.29,.LactucaserriolaAsteraceae

    Lactucaserriola Lactucaserriola

    .

    : , , ,80 .,,,,.. , .

    . .,.

    :.,,.

    ,:.,.,,.

    , A,B1,B2, C. .

    55

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    4.1.30 , , . LimoniumsinuatumPlumbaginaceae

    Limoniumsinuatum Limoniumsinuatum

    .

    :40.,.315 .,. .., . 1014 . ,.

    : , , .

    ,:,., . , . ..

    .

    56

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    4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae

    Erucasativa Erucasativa

    .

    :,6080..,,,,,.

    , .,, , . , ..

    :,,,.

    . ,,.

    ,:..,

    57

  • _________________________________________

    . . , (2003).

    4.1.32 . Tetragonolobus purpureusLeguminosae

    Tetragonolobuspurpureus Tetragonolobuspurpureus

    .

    : , 1040 ., .4.,,,. 1522 ., , . 39.,,42.,,.

    :,.

    ,:., . ( ) ..

    58

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    4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae

    Betavulgaris Betavulgaris

    .

    :,50.,,. , , . . ,..

    :.

    ,:, . ,,.

    , (2003).

    59

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    4.1.34 , , , .SolanumluteumSolanaceae

    Solanumluteum Solanumluteum

    .

    :,75..,,. , , . 35, , , .,,..

    :, , . .

    , : ! ! ,, .,., , ,.

    (50.),.

    60

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    ,, , (2003).

    4.1.35 , , , ,,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae

    Taraxacumsp. Taraxacumsp.

    .

    : , , . , ,,.

    . , ., .

    : , , , . , ,.

    ,:.

    ,., .

    61

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    , (,C), , . .,,.

    , , . , , , ,,.

    (), , ,. (10 . 200 . ) . , , .

    4.1.36 , , , , .UrticapiluliferaUrticaceae

    Urticapilulifera Urticapilulifera

    62

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    4.1.37 , , .

    63

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    HelminthothecaechiodesAsteraceae

    Helminthothecaechiodes Helminthothecaechiodes

    .

    :,3060.,. (), , ..

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    64

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    , , . EFSTASIADISGROUP,1987.

    , , . EFSTASIADISGROUP,1998.

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    &.,,,2008

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    http://www.clab.edc.uoc.gr/seminar/heraklio/lasithi/lasithi.html

    http://www.agrolasithi.gr/lasithi/default.aspx?Menu=LASITHI

    http://www.zeus.gr/gr/guide/crete/prefecture_of_lassithi.html

    http://kpekastor.kas.sch.gr/biod_net/schools1/agiosmironasprogramme.htm

    83

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    1

    1.1 .............................................................1

    1.2..............................2

    1.3 ................................................................................3

    2

    2.1 .........................................................................................................4

    2.1.1 ............................................................................5

    2.1.2 ..............................................................................5

    2.1.3 ........................................................6

    2.2................................7

    2.2.1 ......................................................................................7

    2.2.2 .............................................................................................9

    2.2.3 ............................................................................................9

    2.2.4 ....................................................................................10

    2.2.5..................................................................................................10

    2.2.6 ..............................................................................................11

    3

    3.1 ....................................................................................................12

    3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae) .....................................13

    84

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    3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae) ...........................................14

    3.1.3OXALIDACEAE ........................................................14

    3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE.....................................................15

    3.1.5SOLANACEAE..........................................................15

    3.1.6URTICACEAE............................................................16

    3.1.7LILIACEAE.................................................................16

    3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE ............................16

    3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE...............................17

    3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE.............................................17

    3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE.............................................18

    3.1.12PORTULACACEAE................................................18

    3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae).................................18

    3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE .................................................19

    3.1.15POLYGONACEAE..................................................19

    4

    4.1 ..........................................................................................20

    4.1.1,.TamuscommunisDioscoreaceae. .........................20

    4.1.2 , , . Cynara cornigeraAsteraceae..........................................................................................................21

    4.1.3 , , , ,.ScolymushispanicusAsteraceae ............................................23

    4.1.4 , , . Urospermum picroidesAsteraceae..........................................................................................................24

    4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae......................................26

    4.1.6 , , , . DaucuscarottaApiaceae ................................................................................................28

    4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae .................................................29

    4.1.8 , , . Cichorium intybusAsteraceae..........................................................................................................31

    85

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    4.1.9.CichoriumspinosumAsteraceae .........32

    4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae ......................................33

    4.1.11,.PortulacaoleraceaPortulacaceae ..................35

    4.1.12 , , , ,.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae...................................................36

    4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae .....................................38

    4.1.14 , , Hirschfeldia incanaBrassicaceae .......................................................................................................39

    4.1.15,.RaphanusraphanistrumBrassicaceae.40

    4.1.16 , , , . Sinapis albaBrassicaceae .......................................................................................................41

    4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae .......................................42

    4.1.18,.PimpinellatragiumApiaceae ........43

    4.1.19,.TordyliumapulumApiaceae ...........44

    4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae .............................................................45

    4.1.21.RumexconglomeratesPolygonaceae .........................46

    4.1.22.ChrysanthemumcoronariumAsteraceae........................47

    4.1.23,.FoeniculumvulgareApiaceae .................48

    4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae ...........................49

    4.1.25,,.ScandixaustralisApiaceae..50

    4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae ...............................51

    4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae ............................................52

    4.1.28,.PapaverrhoeasPapaveraceae.............53

    4.1.29,.LactucaserriolaAsteraceae .........55

    4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatumPlumbaginaceae ................................................................................................56

    4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae ...........................................................57

    4.1.32.TetragonolobuspurpureusLeguminosae........................58

    4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae..........................................59

    86

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    4.1.34 , , , . Solanum luteumSolanaceae..........................................................................................................60

    4.1.35 , , , ,,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae.....................................................61

    4.1.36 , , , , . UrticapiluliferaUrticaceae...........................................................................................62

    4.1.37 , , . HelminthothecaechiodesAsteraceae ...........................................................................................63

    5

    ,,

    5.1 ........................................................65

    5.1.1.............................................................................................65

    5.1.2.............................67

    5.2 .................................................................72

    5.2.1 .................................72

    5.3 ....................................73

    5.3.1 .............73

    5.4 .......................................................74

    5.4.1 .......................................................................................74

    5.5.............................................................75

    5.5.1 ........................................................................................75

    5.5.2 .................................................................................................76

    5.5.3 .............................................................................................77

    6

    6.1 ..........................................................78

    6.2.................................................................................78

    6.3 ...................................................................................79

    6.4.......................................................................................................79

    87

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    6.5 ......................................................................80

    ...........................................................................................................81

    : ...................................................................................................82

    88

    11.1 1.2 1.3

    2 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3

    2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.4 2.2.5 2.2.6

    3 3.1 3.1.1 COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae)3.1.2 LABIATAE (Lamiaceae)3.1.3 OXALIDACEAE3.1.4 PAPAVERACEAE3.1.5 SOLANACEAE3.1.6 URTICACEAE3.1.7 LILIACEAE3.1.8 LEGUMINOSAE FABACEAE3.1.9 APIACEAE UMBELIFERAE3.1.10 CHENOPODIACEAE3.1.11 PLUMBAGINACEAE3.1.12 PORTULACACEAE3.1.13 CRUCIFERAE (Brassicaceae)3.1.14 DIOSCOREACEAE3.1.15 POLYGONACEAE

    4 4.1 4.1.1 , . Tamus communis- Dioscoreaceae.4.1.2 , , . Cynara cornigera-Asteraceae4.1.3 , , , , . Scolymus hispanicus-Asteraceae 4.1.4 , , . Urospermum picroides-Asteraceae 4.1.5 , . Sonchus oleraceus-Asteraceae4.1.6 , , , . Daucus carotta-Apiaceae 4.1.7 . Allium porrum-Liliaceae4.1.9 . Cichorium spinosum-Asteraceae4.1.10 . Sylibum marianum-Asteraceae4.1.11 , . Portulaca oleracea-Portulacaceae4.1.12 , , , , . Muscari comosus-Liliaceae4.1.13 . Brassica nigra-Brassicaceae4.1.14 , , Hirschfeldia incana-Brassicaceae4.1.15 , . Raphanus raphanistrum-Brassicaceae4.1.16 , , , . Sinapis alba-Brassicaceae4.1.17 . Reichardia picroides-Asteraceae4.1.18 , . Pimpinella tragium-Apiaceae4.1.19 , . Tordylium apulum-Apiaceae4.1.20 , , , . Prasium majus-Lamiaceae4.1.21 . Rumex conglomerates-Polygonaceae 4.1.22 . Chrysanthemum coronarium-Asteraceae4.1.23 , . Foeniculum vulgare-Apiaceae4.1.24 . Petroselinum crispum-Apiaceae4.1.25 , , . Scandix australis-Apiaceae 4.1.26 . Nasturtium officinale-Cruciferae4.1.27 . Oxalys pes-caprae-Oxalidaceae4.1.28 , . Papaver rhoeas-Papaveraceae4.1.29 , . Lactuca serriola-Asteraceae 4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatum-Plumbaginaceae4.1.31 . Eruca sativa-Brassicaceae4.1.32 . Tetragonolobus purpureus-Leguminosae4.1.33 . Beta vulgaris-Chenopodiaceae 4.1.34 , , , . Solanum luteum-Solanaceae4.1.35 , , , , ,. Taraxacum sp. -Asteraceae4.1.36 , , , , . Urtica pilulifera-Urticaceae4.1.37 , , . Helminthotheca echiodes-Asteraceae

    5, , .5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2

    5.2 5.2.1

    5.3 5.3.1

    5.4 5.4.1

    5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3

    6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

    :