;

;

: :

Why not Socialism?, 2009, Princeton University Press

: 41-43, 104 33, ,/fax: 210-8220006 : , 5,

.: 210-3213583 email: ekkremes@ekkremes.gr

www.ekkremes.gr

2010 ISBN 978-960-7651-83-9

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,

G.A. Cohen..................................7

;I .........................................................61II

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V Coda...............................................................110.......................................................113

5

G. A. Cohen

Gerald Allan Cohen 20 . 1941 , . McGill New College , Gilbert Ryle Isaiah Berlin. 1963 1985 University College London (UCL). To 1985 Chichele All Souls , Isaiah Berlin Charles Taylor, G. D. . Cole. 2008 2009 Quain UCL.

Jerry, , -

. Why not Socialism? Princeton University Press, 2007. Harry Frankfurt . , , Cohen.

. , , .

Karl Marx

Cohen , 1978, Karl Marxs Theory of History: A Defence (KMTH), .1 , ,

1. G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory or History: A Defence ( : Princeton University Press, 1978). H , 2000, , Cohen .

8

(conceptual) , corpus - Marx. , . , Cohen, 2 Marx. 3 4 Marx, - - -

2. . , () , . , . , . , : . 14 (2005). ( .)

3. Marx, .

4. Isaiah Berlin, John Plamenatz . . Acton. . I. Berlin, Karl Marx: His Life and Environment (: Oxford University Press, 1939) (. .: KcxqX : , . . . , Scripta, 1998), J. Plamenatz, Karl Marxs Philosophy of Man (: Clarendon Press, 1975), . B. Acton, The Illusion of the Epoch: Marxism-Leninism as a Philosophical Creed (: Cohen & West, 1955).

9

I '

. Cohen : - , , , , . . , , .

, . . Cohen : Marx, , , , - , . , (,

) . Cohen , ( ) Louis Althusser.5

, , Cohen, ; Marx . 20 : Marx, . Marx Hegel ( ): ( 1845)

5. ., , Althusser (causality structural), Louis Althusser, Lobjet du Capital, Lire le Capital (: Editions Frangois Maspero, 1965). o Althusser (ditermination en demiere instance) . Cohen Althusser (functional) - , - - .

11

, , , , . Marx Hegel, , .6 : , , , , . , . Marx ; ( , , 7) .8

6. . Marx , ., , . Marx F. Engels, (1846), . Marx, (1847). Marx. . D. Leopold, The Young Kart Marx: German Philosophy, Modem Politics, and Human Flourishing (: Cambridge University Press, 2007).

7. : , Marx, , , , , .

8.

12

. ( ). , , , . , , ()- . , , , , , . Cohen (effective) .

, . Cohen, , ( ). , . Mart (1859). . Marx, (1847). Cohen , . Charles Mills, Is it Immaterial that theres a MateriaT' in Historical Materialism?, Inquiry 32 (1989), . 323-42.

13

'

( ) .9

, Cohen : , , . 10 , Marx: , , . : , ,

9. ( , , ).

10.0 Cohen - , 1895 . . The Development of the Monist View of History (: Lawrence & Wishart, 1947). , .

.11 ( ) , ( ) , . () - - , , , . , , , , , .

, Cohen - . , (development thesis), -, - . , Cohen, \ .12

11.0 Marc (1847). Grundrisse (1857) ( 1867).

12. Cohen , , Joshua Cohen. . Joshua Cohen, Review of , Journal of Philosophy 44 (1982), Cohen.

15

, (compatibility thesis), . , , . , , , . .13

,

, . A. Levine . . Wright, Rationality and Class Struggle, New Left Review 123 (1980).

13. Cohen , . Cohen , , , , . , , Cohen, , raison detre - - (- ) .

16

Cohen. 14 . , , Cohen, . 20 , ; , , , , : , , - , , 17 18 . , , : . , ,

14. . . . Cohen .

17

'

, - ;

(functional explanation) . . . . , , . , , . , , : , .15 ( ) ,

15. , . , (consequence explanations), - , , , . (), () .

18

( sur- determination Althusser). , , , ( ) . , / .

. Jon Elster, Cohen .16 Elster , , - . , , () . , , . Elster, Cohen .

16. , , Jon Elster, Cohen on Marxs Theory of History, G. A. Cohen, Reply to Elster, Elster, Reply to Cohen, Political Studies (1980), Elster, Marxism, Functionalism, and Game Theory, G. A. Cohen, Reply to Elster, Theory and Society II (1982).

19

. Cohen - - . Lamarck ( ) : -, - - . , Cohen, , , . , , - - - ( 19 ).17

17. : , . , .. , , , , . : ,

20

,

Cohen , . , , Cohen, John Roemer, Jon Elster, Philippe Van Parijs, Robert Brenner, Hillel Steiner, Adam Przeworski Erik Olin Wright, - (no-bullshit marxism). (rational choice Marxism), - . Cohen , , .18

. , : . , Cohen . , (bourgeois) (functionalism).

18. ., , R. P. Wolff, Methodological Individualism and Marx: Some Remarks on Jon Elster, Game Theory and Other Things. Canadian Journal of Philosophy 20 (1990).

21

- Cohen- , , . , Cohen . History, Labour and Freedom (HLF).19 , , : Cohen, , , ... .

.' Cohen, . , . ,

19. G. A. Cohen, History, Labour and Freedom (: Oxford University Press, 1988). - .

22

, . , , . Marx, . , ,20 . . , , . , , ,

20. : Marx, - , , - . - , , - , , , , , .

23

I '

. , , , , .21 . , , () . Marx, , ( ).

Marx , , ,

21. . , , , ( ) . , , , , - - ( , ). , . , ( ). .

24

1

. . , () .22 , . , ( ) . .

80 , Marx Adam Smith David Ricardo,

22. Marx , (1867), , tout court. , , , , () . , , .

25

'

.23 , . 24 . Cohen 1979 The Labour Theory of Value and the Concept of Exploitation 25 H : (logically) -

23. ( ) Marx '/ , .

24. , . Howard King, The Political Economy of Marx (: Longman Group, 1985), John Roemer, Analytical Foundations of Marxian Economic Theory (: Cambridge University Press, 1989). , (), . Joan Robinson, An Essay on Marxian Economics (: Macmillan, 1960). , . Paul Samuelson, Marxian Economics as Economics, American Economic Review 57 (1967), . 616-23, , . Ian Steedman, Marx after Sralfa (: Verso Books, 1981).

25. . 11, HLF. To . ., , The Value Controversy, . Ian Steedman (: Verso, 1981).

26

(conceptually) . Marx : . - , . Cohen .26

Cohen, : , . HLF .

26. John Roemer , - . Roemer, , , ( - [maximizing behaviour] ). . Roemer, A General Theory of Exploitation and Class (: Cambridge University Press, 1982).

27

: Cohen , ( 70% ), . , . : , .27 - - in sensu composito. , , , . : , ;

27. , . Cohen The Structure of Proletarian Unfreedom, . 13, HLF.

28

. Cohen , (freedoms) :2* ( ) ( ). Cohen, .

,

. Cohen . Robert Nozick. Cohen . (obstetric motif) , . ,

28. ... (I am free to...) ... (I have the liberty to...). () () , ( ) .

29

, -- , , , . , , , , .29 , , , , . Cohen , , , , . , , - - -30

29. Cohen If You're An Egalitarian How Come You're So Rich? Hegel Marx. . , . Cohen , , .

30. ,

30

Cohen , .

Nozick , Anarcy, State and Utopia.31 Nozick ( ) (right- libertarianism). (libertarians) , () () : . , , , , .

, , . ,

, . . Cohen 1999 Historical Materialism after the Collapse of the Soviet Union, .

31. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State and Utopia ( : Basic Books. 1974).

31

'

: . , , , , , , . : , () , . Nozick . , Nozick - - . Cohen , Self-Ownership, Freedom and Equality (SFE)32 .

Cohen : Nozick (sound), .

32. G. A. Cohen, Self-Ownership, Freedom and Equality (: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

32

. Nozick : David Beckham , , ;33 , Nozick, . Beckham . , Beckham , . . , Nozick, , , ;34

, .

33. Nozick Cohen 70: Nozick Beckham, , Wilt Chamberlain.

34. Nozick . , -, , ( ) (). Nozick, , , -

33

. Cohen (egalitarians) Beckham. $20 Beckham Beckham: , Beckham $20. . Beckham , Beckham .35 , , Cohen, , . .

Cohen SFE

. - Nozick- , . Nozick , . . Cohen SFE.

35. , . .

34

. Nozick (is entitled to) . Nozick : . - .36 . Beckham, . , (entitlements) .

The Future of a Disillusion

36. (Ricardian socialists) 19 , , . ., , Thomas Hodgkin, Labour Defended Against the Claims of Capital (1825). Marx Hodgkin, , . (1863), . 21.

35

'

. 1991 . , Cohen : ... . , - . () , . .37

Cohen , - - , . () . Ferdinand Lassalle, , Marx

37. . SFE, . 251-52.

36

(1875). Marx, , , , , , . , , , , : . , , . , , , ... - : , ! Cohen, , Marx . .38 Cohen,

38. , . .

37

XI

John Rawls.

, ;

20 : Isaiah Berlin, Concept of Law H. L. A. Hart, John Rawls.39 . Rawls , , - (egalitarian) . , Rawls ,

39. Isaiah Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty (: Clarendon, 1962) (. .: , . . , Scripta, 2001) . L. A. Han, The Concept of Law (: Clarendon, 1961)' John Rawls, A Theory o f Justice (: Oxford University Press, 1972) (. .: , . . ... , 2001).

38

. , , : , , , , , .; : , . ; .

Rawls , , , . ( ). , Rawls, : , . , Rawls, : , , , , . .

39

'

Rawls John Locke John Stuart Mill Immanuel Kant.40 Rawls . - - . Rawls, , , , , , . , .. , . Rawls - 19

40. Locke , . John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, . C. B. Macpherson (: Hackett, 1980) (. .: ttcqi , -.- . , , 1990). J. S. Mill, . On Liberty (Harmondsworth: Penguin Classics, 1982) (. .: , . . , , 1983). Kant, . Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals (: Cambridge University Press, 1998), Mary Gregor, Christine Korsgaard (. .: , . . , , 1984).

40

, , , , , , - - .

If Youre an Egalitarian, How Come Youre So Rich? (1ECR)41 o Cohen Rawls. Marx , . 1843, Bruno Bauer . . Bauer , . , , . Bauer

41. G. A. Cohen, If You're an Egalitarian, How Come You're So Rich? (, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000).

41

-

(, , .) .

Marx . - - , . , , , . , Marx. .

Marx . , , , , Bauer . -

42

. , - , , ... , , , ... Marx . . . , : - , , . . , .42

Cohen Rawls

42. , Cohen IECR, . : , - , .

43

: , , , , , ; Rawls, Cohen, . , . , . , , . Cohen . - , .

- - - . Rawls, . , , Rawls (incoherent), Cohen

, . Cohen : . ( ) Rawls . , - , Rawls, . , - . Chateau Lafite;43

, Cohen: , . , ,

43.0 Cohen : , . Cohen , .

45

I

.44 , - - . , , Cohen.

Cohen Rescuing Justice and Equality (RJE)45 . To RJE Cohen , . Rawls .

44. ( ). - - . Cohen.

45. G. A. Cohen, Rescuing Justice and Equality (, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008).

46

EISA r u m

:

, Marshall Berman, Morris Raphael Cohen Hegel. Morris Cohen Hegel , , . - . Morris Cohen , . : ! ; Morris Cohen , ;

Rawls... - Hegel : Rawls , , , . Rawls , [liberal] , , .

47

'

, Cohen Rawls. . RJE , . , - . Rawls . , Rawls, ( ) (construction), . Cohen , , (substantive ethical) , (metaethical). .46

46. Cohen . ., , Justice, Equality and Constructivism: Essays on C. A. Cohens Rescuing Justice and Equality, . Brian Feltham (: Blackwell, 2008), Faik Kurtulmus Rawls and Cohen on Constructivism (: Oxford University DPhil Thesis, 2010). , , blog Crooked Timber, :

http://crookedtimber.ore/2003/08/01/cohen-and-rawlsian-

48

. Rawls . 47 . , Rawls, , . , Rawls, , . Cohen . , .

47. Rawls , () , , , . , Rawls, , , , , .

49

XI

.

: Rawls , James Meade, . : (vices) , , . , , . , David Gauthier, homo economicus, , . , , - .48 , -

48. ., , (contractarian) Gauthier Morals by Agreement (: Oxford University Press, 1987). , , Robert Nozick, .

50

. Cohen , homo economicus . - - , , . , John Stuart Mill.49

,

49. , . RJE. , , . . Cohen IECR, . , , . , , , ...

51

'

. Cohen , . , , (brute luck). , , , , . . Cohen, . . , (communal reciprocity), .50

Cohen , , ( ). ,

50.0 Cohen .

52

(efficiency). , , 5 5 , 5 15 , .51 Cohen Rawls, . Rawls, , , , , ... , Rawls, , .., , ;52

51. , (Pareto efficiency) ( Vilfredo Pareto). ( (:5, :5) (:5, :4), ). Rawls - .

52. Cohen - , - , -

53

Cohen , . Cohen . 19 . . , , .53 , , ,

(5,5) (5,15), (5, 15) (10, 10): . (5, 15) (10, 10), .

53. : Cohen John Rawls Ronald Dworkin. . On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, Ethics 99 (1989), . 906-44.

54

1

. ( - ) , Cohen, , , , . - . Cohen , .54 , , -, - .

Jerry Cohen , 2003 2009. , 0, , . , , .55

54. , . Pat Devine, Democracy and Economic Planning: The Political Economy of a Self-Governing Society (: Polity Press, 1988).

55. -

55

.

, . Cohens Vision of Socialism, Journal of Ethics, , nicholas.vrousalis@lmh.oxon.org

S6

;

;

. . , .

: , , , , . , , . , , . . , (

59

). .

. .

60

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, . , , ( , ). - : , , , , , , , , , . , : , . - , . , . , .

61

17.. A. KOEN

, , .

, , , , , , [flourishing]. - , , . , , - , - . : .

- . , , ,

62

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, , ... : , , - .

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, .

. . . : . . , . :

63

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. . , . .

. . .

64

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. . , . .

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TZ. A. KOEN

. , , , .

66

: ( ) ( ). . ( , , .)

, , - - . , . , , , [distributive justice]. .

67

. .

, , , . . : . , , . , , .

: , , .

[bourgeois equality of opportunity]. . - - , . ,

;

, [formal] , . [informal] . - [bigotry], , ...

- [left- liberal equality of opportunity] , . , , , - . - .

69

TZ. A. K OEN

. - - , . - , , - .. - .

- , . [socialist equality of opportunity] - - . , , , . ( -

70

;

, . . .) : . , , , - . , , .

, -- , . , , , . , , - - -

71

TZ. A. KOEN

( ). , .

. . , . , . -- , , . , - , . , - - - -- . , , - , . ( - , - -,

72

:

, ceteris paribus, . , .., , , . , , - , .., . , . , , . , , .)

. . , , , .

: .

73

. .

, , . . , , - - . , . , , , - .. , . - - , , .

( ).

74

.

(i), (ii-a), (ii-b). , , .

() . . , , . , .

(ii) , . , , , . : () [regrettable choice] [option luck].

(ii-a) (ii),

75

. .

, , . . , .

/ , , . . . , . , , ( ) .

.

76

:

- , : - . , .., , . , . , , ; . , , , , , , . , , (ii-b), .

, , .

77

TZ. A. KOEN

. , (, , ), , - - , .

(ii-b) , , [option luck]. - : $100, - , , . . : $50, $50. $150 $50, .

, - !-

78

:

. , , . : , . .

. , . , , , . , , , , : . : . , , , ,

79

TZ. A. KOEN

. , . , . , , () . , [brute luck], , . , .. . .

(ii-a) (ii-b) , - - [community]: . , -

80

:

. , .

, - , , . . , , . , .

. , , . , . , - / . . , .

81

. .

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, , , ,

82

;

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. , , , , , , , . , ,

83

TZ. A. KOEX

, , ( ). , , , . , - . , , . , . ( : . , - - , .)

84

:

, , : , . , , . : . , , : . - - - . : - --- .

: , , . , , , . - -

85

TZ. A. K OEN

. - ( ). [conjunction] - - : - - , . - - - [instrumental] ( ) , , .

(-) . , . , , , . , . ,

86

;

( ) .

, - - . , , . , , : . , - .

87

Ill

;

. , , , . , , . .

, , . , , , .

88

;

, , / . . . ( - ), . , , . . , , , . , , : , . - . , .

89

TZ. A. K OEN

.

( ), . / . , , , , , , , . , , ; ;

.

90

:

. : , . . , .

, : , , , , . , . , . : [incoherent], \) , .

TZ. A. KOEN

: . , , - - . .

, , . .

92

IV

; ;

. , . ; . , ; ! , , . .

, , . -

93

. .

, , . .

, , , . , . , , , . , - - , . . , - - .

94

:

, .. - () - . , , . , . . ( . .)

,

95

TZ. A. KOEN

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(;) . , - - , . - , , . , , , . ( , : , ,

;

.) , , , . , : - . .

- - ( ) . . , , .

-

97

TZ. A. KOEN

: . , , . , : , , , . : , , . , .

- , , , , , , , . , , ;

98

:

Joseph Carens, . Equality, Moral Incentives, and the Market, An Essay in Utopian Politico-Economic Theory, 1981. O Carens , , . ( ) , , , ( ) ( , , ) . ( ) . , , ( ) , :

TZ. A. KOEN

, .

Carens, . , , , .. () , .

Carens , . , . . ( ) . [market socialism], . .

100

;

, 19 . , , , . , . , , , , , .

, , , , . , - . :

TZ. A. KOEN

, , , ( ). , . , , .., , , .

, , , , , . , , , . , - . , , :

102

;

Carens, . , . , . , () .

A Future for Socialism John Roemer, 1994. Roemer, [birthright] . () , - - / , , , , Dior, . Roemer

103

TZ. A. KOEX

, ( ). , , () . , , , , .

, Roemer , : - - ( ). , , Roemer.

. , , . . , Roemer,

104

;

, . , keiretsu .

, Roemer . . , , . : - , . , , , - . ;

105

TZ. A. KOEN

, , , . , , , . , [cooperatives]. , , , .

Roemer ; , Carens, - . - , . , , ,

106

:

. - , , , . . . .

. 20 , . - . - - - ,

107

TZ. A. KOEN

( ); Adam Smith, , , . Smith , . Smith, () , - . , . (- ) , , . - (1) (2) , (3) , . [proposition]. (1) (3). (1) (2) 18 Bernard Mandeville, Fable o f the Bees

108

Private Vices, Public Benefits [ , ]. .

:

109

VCoda

, . . , . : , .

. , . .

;

, , . . , - . , , . , , ( !).

Albert Einstein [predatory] . , , . . - .

Democratic Equality: What Went Wrong?, Edward Broadbent (: University of Toronto Press, 2001).

: G.A. Cohen ;I. II. III. ;IV. ; ;V. Coda