. 7 9

,

-.. .. .. 13 15 17

KB, M Z MA.M, H K K M A MA,KB .AN, O . (1872) M A EM, M 1904-1908 B , H , E M A K., A M A .T, M M: X 23

41

49 59

69 87

129

6 A.K, M A I.M, H

153 167

X., K , E N. K M A

177

N., O I A (1852-1920) 193 I, O M A O 217

K., O E A M A: ., H A E M E B, A P A (A) M A

231 247

259

. [],, ,. [] ,. : , . . , , . , , , . , , , . (1904), . , , . , . , , , , ,

10 . , , , . , 20 , . 1897 . , , , , . , , . , , . , , , , , , , , , , , . . , , , . , , . , , . , , 20 . , , , , , , ( ) , , . , , 1949, .

11

, . , , . , , , , 1897, . 1897, , 1904. . , , , , 34 ( ) ! , , , , , , , , , , . , . , , . , . , , . . , 1912-1913, . , , . , , .

12 , , . , : , , . . : , , . , . , , , , , , , . . , . , 1904, . , . , , . . , , 1904. 2006 A . O

XAIPETIMO TOY YOYPOY MAKEONIA-PAKH . NIK. TIAPTINH

T , . 1904 , , . T M, , , , . M , . M . T . M , M . O M , , . X M M -. A ,

14 . M . M , . A . M , . , M . , , , , , , , , , , . . T , . T , , , . , . E .

XAIPETIMO TOY HMAPXOY . BA. AAEPOOYOY, K , K B, K N, , , K , K, K K, , K M , M M , . M , . T , M , , , , , . , , , E NATO.

16 , , . M 106 106 M . E , M , . M , K , , , , M . M 1871-1904 M 1871-2004;

XAIPETIMO TOY NOMAPXH . AN. MIAH, K , K B, K , , , . K , . , , . A .

Y I H

1. 13 1995 , , , .H.E., . , , , FYROM. 2. , , 1944, , , , . , ( ) , . [ Kiro Gligorof ( 27 1993) ..., ( ) ( 28 1997)], (, ) . , , ,

24

. ... 3. , , . , , . ( ) , FYROM. , . . .. () 13 2001 , (Republic of Macedonia). , FYROM ..., . , , NATO ( ), , , , ( ) FYROM, ( ) Mitrova , NATO , (. 16 2002 . 4 2003). 4. , , ( ) , , , ( ), 20 1903 ( ), 2 ( ). ,

25

. 5. , 10 20 1903, , . [(. Michel Paillars, LImbroglioMacdonien, Paris 1907, . 16, : Kruchevoestoccupparlesrvolutionnairesquionthissledrapeaubulgare sur lequel ont trac ces mots: seveoboduta ili smeurt (la libert ou la mort)], , , () . , , (. . . 9). , , o 1878 . , , , Konstantin Jirecek, GeschichtederBulgaren( ), Prag 1876, . 211, 12 ( . , . , (, ..). 6. , . , () , , , () . , () , , , . () [ ( ) ] , . , ( , ), , ( ) , , ( . ), .

26

, , ( , , , , , , ), () . , . 18011913 (. . . ), 1914, . 544, : ,, ., , [. , (1907) 81 . . 22 1959, , , ... (....), . 30, 1959, , . . 26 1968, , , ..., 1968, ]. 7. , . : ) : 1896 , , , , . , ( ) , . () () .... ( ). () . .... Krste Tatarchief, , , ,

27

[ , ( 1968), .... ( 1969, . 38)]. , .... 1 1919, , , (. LaMacdoine,Recueildedocumentsetmatriaux, . , 1980, . 579 .). , , , : LeComitafaitpublierdernirementune brochurequiatadressetouteslesagencesdiplomatiquesetquicontientunexpos delasituationdelaMacdoineetleprogrammedesreformesproposesparleComit. Ceprogrammesersumeainsi:LaMacdoineauxMacdoniens.Ilestbiencertain quecequiveutleComitcestlaMacdoineauxBulgares[ , . : . ( ) (Ministre des Affaires trangres, Documents diplomatiques, AffairesdeMacdoine1902, Paris MDCCCCIII, No 23 (Sofia 13 Aot 1902)]. 8. , ...., , , , , ( ) , , , [. 10 2002 , ( 1900), Necati Cumali, , ( 1924) , 1977 ( 7 . 1995) Makedonya 1900, , , ( ) ]. 9. ) : ,

28

. , , ( , ), ( ), ( ) . 1882, , . , , ( ) . . , , () , , . . 914 16 1903 , : , . , . [ (1903) 721]. [. . ( , 1905) , .., . 31-32, . , , 1924, . 45: , , . , ]. 10. Krste Bitoski, , Dejnosta napelagoniskataMitropolija()18781912, 1968, . 3543, , . ., 19... . , , 26 1901 [(1907) 585 ., 586 .] ,-

29

,,. 1901 : 5, . 4 (. , . 524). 1905 , , , , 283.683 178.412 . , 19 1878, Salisbury, , (Documentsdiplomatiquesfranais,Affaires dOrient,CongrsdeBerlin1878, Paris MDCCCLXXVIII, Prot. No 3, sance du 19 Juin 1878, . 85). . 1885 , , , MakedonskiGlas( ). ,,, .. (. Victor Brard, La Turquie et l Hellnisme Contemporain, Paris 21896, . 191-193). Victor Brard (. l25) 1892 , . , Brard, 1866 . 11. , . ( 1998) . , ( 1998), ( , , ) , : .... ... (). . ,,., .

30

. 12. , () 1944 . , 1913 , . (), . . , , , , , ( ), Vardarska Banovina, . , , , , , . 1928 - [ 1934 , , (Tsetniks)], (Jugoslavia), . , 1941, , , Vardarska Banovina ( ) , , . , 1944, , 1941, , , (, , , ..) , . , , (Vardarska Banovina), ( , ) , . 13. ( , , ), (, ) , , ( ) . ... : . 868.014 / 26 1944, Stettinius

31

, , () , , . , , , , , . ... , , , . . Miller, , , , Chronicle( 17.2.94) San Francisco: 50 , ,(. . 12 1994). ( ) Vardarska Banovina, , , . 1948, , ( , , , ). 14. ( ) . , (), , , , (. Miller, .., ). 15. (!) . 6 .. . , . .

32

. , , .. , ! . . .. Johan Gustav Droysen, (, , ), , 1988, [. Otto Abel, MacedonienvorKnigPhilipp, Leipzig 1847, . 116, , . RealEnzyclopdieder KlassischenAltertumswissenschaft, . XIV, 1, Stuttgard 1928, art. Makedonia, P. Stllin, VI, Volkstum und Sprache der Makedonen, griechischerVolksstammwaren( )]. 16. ( ) : , Emile Bradford H.A.L. Fisher, : ( ), ., ,, ... ... ... ,-, , [Emile Bradford, , . . . , 1993, . 190-191, ( 1970)]. , , . , ( (sic) (!!). . , ( ). ; (. ). , , ,

33

, (. , ), [ (. , ), ]. , , , [ ( ), , , ]. 19 1994 , , .. , , ( ) . ... , . Klok, Algemeen Dagblad 31 1994, , 6 , . 17. : ) . NovaMakedonia, ( 5 1992), , . ) . , , , ( 7 1992), : ;. ) ( 2 3 1992). ) , ( )

34

, . , , . , , , , , , . , , 20 7 , , , . , , ( 2 1992). 18. . . , , . , , ( ), , , , () , . 22 1994 , , , . ( ), 19 . , . 19. , . , ( 106) , .

35

, [ 56: ( ) . ,,( ), ( - ) ......,... ... , ], , (). . . 20. (5 1993) : . ( ) , , , , ( ), . ( ) , . ( 26 1993) Nova Makedonija , . . , , , , . ( 10 1996), . ( ). . , , ,

36

, , ... ( ) , () , , ( , , , ). 21. ( ) , , ( ), ( ) () . , . , , , , , .. . ... Butros Gali : , , , , ( ) ( 28 1993). 22. , , ( . , , , ). , 1871, ( ) . . , . [. () , 1925, ]. Golubinsky, ,, , 1871, . 176 ., 193, , .

37

, Michel Paillars , ..,. 50-51: onopinion etcelledemonGouvernementestquils(les bulgarophones) sontGrecs...[ ( ) ]. , 1924, , -, , ( 60.000) . ( ) , . , , , , . , , ,: , , , , . Gert Heler ( ) Frankfurter Rundschau (. . 22 1991) , , , . , ; ( ;) , . ( ) ( ). CBS ( 26 1993) ( , ) 1.000.000 (Sic). , 1996, ( , ), 4.600 . , ( ) ( 6 1994). 23. ,

38

, ( 1994), 0,63% , , 1994, 3,5% ( 20 1994) [. : Australian People, Makedonia , 64 (1989) 81-102]. , , 1991, DieWelt , , 2.033.964 , 1.314.273 427.313 97.416 ( 40% , 830.000, , ). , 21 1994, , AFP, . 427.000 1.000.000, 44.000 300.000 - 400.000, 97.000 200.000, () 220.000 3.200 185.000. , , NovaMakedonija , ( ) 1994 ( , 10 1998). . , 1981 ( ) , , . . 145,5, 74,2, ( ) . 24. ( , 28 1991) 2.200.000 , , , . , , , . , , ,

39

, ( 10 1996 21 1997). , . , , , , .

ConstantinosA.Vavouskos HISTOIRE BRVE DE LA QUESTION MACDONIENNE Le Professeur C. A. Vavouskos analyse toutes les donnes falsifies que F.Y.R.O.M. a dites au sujet du terme Macdoine et prcise que le mouvement rvolutionnaire dIlinden, en 1903, tait organis par les Bulgares seuls et quaucun document diplomatique ou autre ne parle dune participation quelconque des dits Macdoniens de F.Y.R.O.M. Ensuite, le Professeur C. A. Vavouskos met laccent sur le caractre grec de la rgion de Plagonie, savoir des villes Monastirion (Bitolja), Kruovo etc., thse soutenue, mme aujourdhui, par les historiens de F.Y.R.O.M. etc. Il parle, galement, des critiques bulgares exprimes contre la Rpublique de F.Y.R.O.M. qui veut macdoniser le peuple de ces contres. Ensuite, il rfute tous les arguments de Skopje concernant ce mme sujet et il prsente la situation actuelle de la rgion de Macdoine peuple, lheure actuelle, par des populations slaves qui cherchent usurper le nom et lidentit des anciens macdoniens.

. TO

, . : ) , , , ) , ) E... . . ,21, - . : 16 1866 . 1868 . 1882 . , . 3 1888 , . 1888-1891 . 24 1891 .

42

.

1891 . . 6 1894 . 20 1896 . 21 1900 . 5 1908 . 27 1922 . l5 1924 . 12 1924 , , . 11 1935 . 12 1959 , . , 21 1900 , , . , , , . , , , . , , , . . 1901 . , , , . , , , ,. 1901 . , .

43

, . : ,, .. . -.. .. , , . . . - , ,,. 1901 , -, . , 1901 , , , . , , . 1901, , , , . . : ,,. . . , , 97. ,:, . , , . 1901. . . , . , , . , , , , . : ,

44

.

,, . , , , ... . , . , , , , . , 1903 , . . , . , -, , , , - . , , 20 1903, , , . , , . . , , . . , . . . . , 28 . 27 1904 . ,

45

. . 13 1904 . , , . , , , , . , . , , . , . - , , , : . .,, . , , . . , . ... 12 1906 , . . , , , . , , , , . , ,

46

.

. . , , . , 5 1907. , , , : . , , ,. ,, . , , , , , . , , , , . , , , 1935 . , : ., 2l. ,. 1959, , . , , . . . 20 , , , , .

47

, , : , , .

MichaelMetropolitvonAustria DER BEITRAG DES METROPOLITEN VON KASTORIA GERMANOS KARA VANGELIS ZUM MAKEDONISCHEN BEFREIUNGSKAMPF Derjenige, der die Geschichte des Makedonischen Befreiungskampfes und vor allem des Befreiungskampfes in West-Makedonien studieren mchte, muss nach Ansicht der Antigone Bellou-Threpsiadi, unbedingt die auergewhnliche Persnlichkeit des damaligen Metropoliten von Kastoria Germanos kennen. Fnfunddreiig Jahre alt war der Bischof von Hariopolis Germanos, als er am 21. Oktober 1900 zur Leitung der Metropolie von Kastoria, die er in einem elenden Zustand vorfand, aufgefordert wurde. Germanos Karavangelis und ein Diplomat, Ion Dragoumis, wandelten die anfngliche Abgeneigtheit der offiziellen Behrden in Entschlossenheit und den Skeptizismus der Regierenden in Wagemut und bernahmen die Aufgabe, die unerschpflichen Krfte des unbefreiten Hellenismus zu aktivieren und diese nutzbar zu machen. Glcklicherweise wachte Athen aus seiner Lethargie auf und man traf schlielich die Entscheidung, ein vierkpfiges Offizierskomitee im Mrz 1904 nach Makedonien zu schicken. Etwas spter beschloss die griechische Regierung, Pavlos Melas nach Makedonien zu schicken, wo er am 23. Oktober 1904 die westmakedonische Erde mit seinem Blut trnkte. Nach dem Tod des Pavlos Melas brach der Aufstand der Griechen aus, es kam zu einem allgemeinen Erwachen und Makedonien fllte sich mit Partisanen, die zusammen mit den regelmigen, lebensgefhrlichen und oft sehr riskanten Besuchen und Rundreisen des Germanos in den Drfern sehr viel zur Ermutigung der Bewohner der Provinz Kastoria beitrugen. Die telegraphische Rckberufung des Germanos nach Konstantinopel war ein groer Erfolg der Bulgaren und ihrer Freundeskreise und ein harter Schlag fr den Makedonischen Befreiungskampf. Glcklicherweise waren die daraus resultierenden Konsequenzen fr den weiteren Verlauf des Befreiungskampfes nicht entscheidend. Fr den Lorbeerbekrnzten Makedonienkmpfer und Hierarchen folgte nach einem ruhmvollen, heroischen und durch dramatische Ereignisse geprgten Hirtenamt in der Metropolie von Amaseia in Pontos als Belohnung ein durch den royalen griechischen Staat verhngtes Exil in Wien, da er Venizelist war.

. , . . (1872)

1872 19001904, . 1872 . , , 1900, , , 1904, . . . . , , 1. , , , , , , , , , . , 2 . / , , , . , , / , 25 , .

1. . , , . B, 1995, . 601. 2. ..,. 599-604

50

.,.

, , 1872, . (1897-1900), , , . , . , , , , , 3 4, . 1872 . , , , , . - . . . 1920 . , 5; . (1878-1884) (1901-1912) . , , . . , , -

3. . , , , . , 2004, . 97-102, 106-110. 4. . , 1897. , 1897-98. , 1998, . 121-140. 5. . , (18971900), 1995, . 86-87.

51

. , 19 , 6. , , , . , , , . , , . . , , , . (1857), (1683), (1744), (1713), (1749) , . . , , , , , . , , , . . . . 1870 , . . (18281830), , . 1879, ,

6. . , . 19, 2003.

52

.,.

, . 1833 , , , . , . , 1870, . . . , , . , . , , . -, , , 1899, . , 1902, . , 1899, / : , , ,. ,,, ,7. , , : , , , . 8. 1900 7. 19 (1899) 85-86 8. ..,. 86

53

1902. . 1903 , 1892 . . 19001902. 1904. . : T,,1904 , . [...] 1904, ,, , ... 1904 9. 1909, . . . 1906 , , . 1908 , . . . , , , 10.

9. , , , . . 1977, . 238, 239. 10. . , , ,,, 1993, . 63-79.

54

.,.

, . (1872) , , , , . , , , - , , .

1872 , , ,, , ,, . ,, , , ,,, , . ,, , , , , ,, , , . , , ,

55

, , ), , , , ) , ,,,,., ,, , , , , ,,,,, ,, ,, ,,. , , , , , , , , ,, ,..

/ . /. /. . . .

56

.,.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

TheMetropolitanofArkaloxorion,KastellionandViannou, MisterAndreasNanakis THE ECUMENICAL PATRIARCHATE AND THE MACEDONIAN STRUGGLE The formation of national groups in Balkans, under the influence of the Age of Enlightenment and the French Revolution, leads to the fragmentation of the orthodox Greek nation, the rum millet, the Greek spirit. Nations, national languages, as well as national organizations and universities are then founded. The Greek language, which was dominant in the southeast European Ottoman Empire until then, is being restricted mainly within the limits of the Greek State. Macedonia is split in a climate of national rivalry. In 1872 the Ecumenical Patriarchate with conciliar decision disapproves of the ethnic discrimination, expecting that slaughters and rivalries will cease to continue among the Greek Orthodox nation.

1904-1908

1. (1904-1908), . , , . . , , . , (1903-1908 ) , , . -, , , . 2. . ( 19 ). .

60

(1) : : . : . : . : . (2) , , . (), () (). . , . . . . , . . . . (-) , . . , . , , , . 3. . 1897 1903 . . -

1904-1908

61

. . . . . . , . . , . . , . 1904 . . . 1904 . , , . . . . . . . . . . . .

62

. . , . 240 [167.000 , 39 , 3.700 74 (444 )]. 4. 1904. / / , , / , -, . / / . , . 1904 / ( / / ). . / /. . 13 1904 / ( ) . , . / . 1905 , , , : . : - (.. , ). : , . . ( 1908) 80 ( 16 -

1904-1908

63

315 ). (1908), , , . 5. . . . / / , , , , . . , , . , . . . . , . . : (1) . (2) . (3) ( ) . . : (1) . (2) . (3) . ( ), 1897. 1897 . 1821 , , 1897 . , , ( ) .

64

. ( ) . , . 1897 , , . . , , , , , 1897, 1904-1908, 1912-1913 , . . . . .

EleftheriosMavroudis MACEDONIA AND THE UNDECLARED WAR OF GREEK ARMY 1904-1908 Macedonian Fight (1904-1908), so much as an idea as well as an execution was a strange defensive but unorthodox war without a defined frond line and troops in the battlefield. The frond of this war was all the occupied, at the time, by Turks Macedonia and main opponents were the Bulgarians in one hand, that were carrying out an intense effort for the predominance in Macedonia and the hole of the Greeks in the other, that was fighting a titanic holy fight in order to rescue and to maintain his national substance and to hold on to its ancestors lands. All means of unconventional war were used legitimate and illegitimate without the objective of conquest of lands. The participation in armed bodies of volunteer active Officers, men of clergy and distinguished personalities, made this fight the concern of the whole nation. This fight was characterized Rescue Fight, because at this time (around 1903-1908) it was not possible to be carried out martial enterprises in Macedonia for its liberation by the Greek Army, firstly because the international public opinion did not thought highly of the nation and secondly because not suitable preparation had been made. Therefore the population of Macedonia and Thrace, his schools, his churches and the national conscience had to be rescued from turning Bulgarian, the ferocity and the territorial extension of Bulgaria and when the time would be right to occupy the territories that Greece had the most historical titles but also compact and numerous Greek population.

, E E A Y

- (1878) . , . . , (60.000) . : ( ---) . , , . , . . , , . Josef I (18781884) . , ,

70

. Aleksander Battenberg (1879-1886) , , . , . ( 1885) -. Stefan Stambulov (1887-1894) --. Stambulov - 6 1886, Battenberg ( 1886) , Nikolaj Migrieli. --. Ferdinand , (6.7.1887). O Stambulov , , (1889) 1890 . , de-jure . 1894 . Stambulov , , . . , , . . -

71

. . Stambulov , . 1894 Stambulov Stambulov 1895 . Konstantin Stojlov (1894-1899) 1896 - , Ferdinand , , Boris, . , . 1896 . status-quo, - 1897. . 1896 , , . , , . , Ferdinand . Ferdinand, . , V.M.R.O. . - 1897 ( , ) . 19 . V.M.R.O. o 1902 , , , . V..R.O. o 1901, (Hristo Tatarev, Hristo Matev) 1901 , , ( Mihajlovski

72

Concev). , . (- 1902) . , Lambsdorf, 1902, , 1903, V.M.R.O. . 17 V.M.R.O., Goce Delev, Dame Gruev, Pere Toev, Gjorce Petrov, Jane Sandanski. Matev Tatarev, 1902, . V.M.R.O., Ivan Garvanov, . ( Paprikov) 1. , Goce Delev, Gjorce Petrov Jane Sandanski , . . 1903 Quadalquivir , , . , , . , ( ) , , . - 19 , 2.

1. . . Vlahov, Krizatablgaro-turskiteotnoenija1895-1908, 1977, . 41. 2. 1890 , Stojan Novakovi, : , , ( , , ). 1892, 1891, Pai Vladan Djordjevi . , , Djordjevi : 1) , , , 2)

73

, , 1890 . 1896 , Konstantin Stojlov, , , , 1897, , , - , 3. , , 1897, - . , Petr Dimitrov, , , , 4. Stojlov 13 , , 5. , 6. . , 1897 , , - , -

. . 1899 () Milicevi. : , . . 3. CentralenDravenIstorieskiArhiv(CDIA),Fond176,Opis1,ArhinvaEdinica1008, Dimitrov Stojlov, , , 22.3.1897. 4. CDIA,Fond176,Opis1,ArhivnaEdinica1008, Dimitrov Stojlov, , , 15.10.1897. 5. CDIA,Fond322,Opis1,ArhivnaEdinica4, Stojlov Dimitrov, , , 13.11.1897. 6. CDIA,Fond176,Opis1,ArhivnaEdinica1008, Dimitrov Stojlov, , , 13.12.1897.

74

. 1896 7, . 20 : , , . . . 1901 , , , . . 19 1902 - , Burian, V.M.R.O. . , , , , , 8. , , 1897. , , , 9.7. Nelidov : , , , . , . Nelidov , . . P. Popov, BalkanskataPolitikanaBlgarija1894-1898, 1984, . 82. , . , . 8. . Osvoboditelnata Borba na Blgarite v Makedonija i Odrisko 1902/1904.DiplomatieskiDokumenti, . N. Todorov, 1978, . 35. 9. . .., . 36.

75

, - . ( Lambro Rali, Naum Ruka, Dimitr Uzunov, Hristo Jambruki, Lazar Kiselinev) . Goce Delev , . . 1902 Jankov, , . . Lazar Kiselinev (28.11.1902) Delev Jankov. ...Jankov. ( ), ( ) Jankov . :3-4, , . . .. ., ....10 , . . . , , . 1903 . , , 10. . , ArhiviteGovorjat(25).IzArhiva naGoceDelev, . Iva BurilkovaCoco Biljarski, 2003, . 194.

76

. 11. , 12, 13. . . 150 . , 14. , , . , , 15. 16, . 17. Uzunov Cekalarov 18. , 150 , , .11. . , 26.7.1903. 12. . .., 24.7.1903. 13. . .., 26.7.1903. 14. . .., 28.7.1903. 15. . .., 29.7.1903. 16. . .., 1.8.1903. 17. . .., 27.7.1903. 18. . .., 27.8.1903.

77

, , , , , , , . ... ,, , . ,,, . , . ,, ,, ... , , 19. , , , , . . , , ,, ,, ; 19. . , 29.7.1903.

78

,; , , , , ,, , . , ., ,, , . , ; , , .. , , . , , ; , , , , ....20 . , , , , . 20. . , 3.8.1903.

79

. . , . 1904 65 21. , . . Vasil Cekalarov 22. , , . . . . , . , . , . , . . . : . , , , ,,,,,,, , . , , 23. , . , , 24, 25, 21. . . . , 20.2.1904, (1903-1904).100 , , - . . . . . , , 1996, . 139. 22. . , 4.8.1903. 23. . .., 10.8.1903. 24. . .., 18.8.1903. 25. . .., 24.8.1903.

80

. , . 15 . , , : , , , . ,, ., . , , 26. , , . , . . , 24 . , , , 27. . , 28. , Mirabbel 29.26. . , 16.8.1903. 27. . .., 25.8.1903. 28. . .., 17.11.1903. 29. .

81

. , , (-), , , . . Arthur James Balfour , . , . 30. , . 31. . , , , . , 1878 , , , 32. . , , . 30. . , 5.8.1903. 31. . .., 19.8.1903 20.8.1903. 32. . .., 23.9.1903.

82

33. . , . ( 1903) , , . . , . . , . . , -. , , 1908 . , , , , . . , - 26 1904, , , . , . 1903 33. . , 27.9.1903.

83

, . Millet , , . , , , V.M.R.O. , , (, , ), , ( ) . V.M.R.O. . , Jane Sandanski-Todor Panica Boris Sarafov-Ivan Garvanov. To Sandanski ( Miss Stone ) .... , . V.M.R.O. 1905 Hristo Tatarev . 1. . 2. ,,. 3. [] ., . 4. ,, . 5. ,, .3434. . Hr. Tatarev, MakedonskaRevoljucionnaSistema.VMROSinenija, . Coco Biljarski, 2001, . 199.

84

V.M.R.O. , : , , , , , V.M.R.O. , , 35. 1906 , , , ...., .

35. . Tatarev, .., . 203-205.

SpyridonSfetas DER ILINDEN- AUFSTAND, SEIN WIDERHALL IN GRIECHENLAND UND DER BEGINN DES GRIECHISCHEN BEWAFFNETEN KAMPFES IN MAKEDONIEN Der Ilinden-Aufstand lste in Athen keine Panik aus. Die griechische Regierung von Rallis zweifelte nicht daran, dass die osmanische Regierung im Stande wre, den Aufstand niederzuschlagen. Dennoch, die Katastrophe von Krussevo lste bei der griechischen Bevlkerung Emprung aus. Der Aufstand wurde als ein Versuch Bulgariens empfunden, die Griechen in Makedonien auszurotten. Die Unfhigkeit der Grossmchte, Ruhe und Ordnung in Makedonien herzustellen, sowie das osmanisch-bulgarische Abkommen von 1904, veranlassten die griechischen Regierung von Theotokis, den bewaffneten Kampf aufzunehmen.

.

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16. , .., . 5-6. 17. (2.4.1870 18.10.1875), . . . , , 96 (1974) 40-42 - , .. . . , (2.4.1870 18.10.1875), . , . 1574/30.10.1993, . 6 . 1579/4.12.1993, . 6. 18. , .., . 6.

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[...] ,, ,31. ., , , , , . . , 12 1904, 32. 1908, : () 1860 , . ,,, /,, , 33. , , , , 34 : 1.DimitrHr.Miladinov(1810-1862)35 .-: O Dimitr Hr. Miladinov 1810 1862 . , , , , . , -

31. . , , 1966, . 40-41. 32. . , , 1 1904, . . 1973, . 2, . . 38. 33. , ( ), , 1908, . 215. 34. . . .-. , , 1974, . 35. Dimitr Hr. Miladinov . . A. P. Stoilov, BlgarskikniovniciotMakedonija, I.1704-1878, Sofia 1922, . 37-47 ( : Blgarskikniovnici) Makedonija.Album, Sofia 1931, . 64 Hr. Popov, Danni po vzradaneto v Makedonija, DuhovnaKultura (Sofia 1938) /5, . 136145, . 139 ArhivnaG.S.Rakovski (Sofia 1957) 2, . 130, 363, 401, 410, 425, 427, 433, 436, 437, 443, 460, 461, 797, 822 . 3(1966), . 106, 162, 193, 263, 314, 330, 339, 512, 538, 555, 605, 606, 645, 646, 748, 802, 819, 849, 851 I. Traikov, BratjaMiladinovi.Prepiska, Sofia 1964 M. Arnaudov, Bratja Miladinovi, ivot i deinost (1810, 1830-1868), Sofia 1969 ( : Bratja Miladinovi) K. Ireek, IstorijanaBlgarite,Popravkiotsamijaavtor, Sofia 1839, . 420 Bratja Miladinovi, Blgarski narodnipesni, Sofia 1961 , .., . 25-39.

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25.[]1846., Viktor Ivanovi Grigorovi (1810-1876)36, , , : / /37. , , , 38. Konstantin39 Sborniknablgarkinarodnipesni, Zagreb 1861 ( , 1861)40. . : 1856/185741, Miladinov , , , Hr. Popov, , 42. 43, , , (1848-1859)44 , , , . , 45. , 28 1858, , , Konstantin A. Robev46 , Bitolja , , Konstantin A. Robev , , , ,,47.36. Viktor Ivanovi Grigorovi (1810-1876) . . V. Grigorovi, Oerk puteestvija po evropejskojTurcij, Moskva 11877, Sofia 21978, , Traikov, .., . 15-16. 37. Traikov, .., . 13. 38. Makedonija,Album, .., . 64. 39. Iv. Hadov, KonstantinMiladinoviG.S.Rakovski, Sofia 1926, , . 4, . 65-66. 40. Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial, .., . 182. 41. Popov, .., . 139 Arnaudov, .., . 75, Dimitr Hr. Miladinov 1857. 42. Popov, .., . 139. 43. , .., . 215. 44. . . , (1848-1859), . , . 1524/7.11.1992, . 6. 45. Arnaudov, .., . 75. 46. Robevi () . . Traikov, .., . 24. 47. .., . 61, . . 65.

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, , , : ,48. () , , , , , . Miladinov, , , , , Andrej Stojanov, , 49. Miladinov , , () 50. Petr Ivanovi Sevastijanov (18111867)51, 2 1858, , , (),5253, , , . , Miladinov , Georgi Gogov54, , , , , (Robevi) , 11 1859, , , : ,,, 55. Miladinov (Robevi) , 17 31 1860, , 1860,48. Traikov, .., . 61, 65. 49. Hadov, .., . 65-66 Traikov, .., . 51, 66, 133 Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial, .., . 175, No 44. 50. Traikov, .., . 51. Andrej Stojanov Nikolaj Stojanov. 51. . . .., . 49-50. 52. . . , . , .,20212001, , 2002, . 43-91. 53. Traikov, .., . 68. 54. .., . 103. 55. .., . 102.

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. 56. 1860, Dimitr Hr. Miladinov : , , . Miladinov 4-5 . , , , 57. . 2.GeorgiGogov(11-11-1876)58 Georgi Gogov59. , , , 15 1861, Georgi S. Rakovski, DunavskiLebed , 3 1861. , , : 1. ,,, 2. ,60. . : , Georgi Gogov ( )61 56. Traikov, .., . 150. 57. Stoilov, Blgarski kniovnici, .., . 40 Bratja Miladinovi, .., . 15 Arnaudov, Bratja Miladinovi, .., . 74-75. 58. Georgi Gogov . . ArhivnaG.S.Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 756, 757 ( ), 776, 777, . 3, Sofia 1966, . 748-752 ( ) opov, .., . 201-212 Popov, .., . 136-145 St. ilihgirov, Blgarskiitalitaprediosvobodenieto.Prinos kmistorijatanaBlgarskotoBzradane, Sofia 1930, . 597 Dumev, .., . 99 . G. St. Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita v grad Voden ot 1869 do 1913 g., BelemorskiPregled, II, Sofia 1944, . 203-236 (passim) ( : Blgarskite uilita) Macedonia, Documents and Material, .., . 53 G. M. Mackenzie - A. P. Irby, TravelsintheslavonicprovincesofTurkeyinEurope, London and New York 1866, . 63 Pop Georgiev, Materiali po crkovna borba, .., . 315, 317, 321 ( ), 322 ( ), 323 ( ), 324, 325, 326 ( ), 309-326 T. Sbev, UredjavaneidioceznaBlgarskataEkzarhiado 1878g., Sinodalno izdatelstvo, Sofia 1973, . 139 Vestitelev, .., . 105-122 (passim) - , .., . 34 . 2, 35 . 3, 37, 42, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 58, 64, 70, 72, 78, 82, 83, 94, 96, 99, 106, 107, 115 . 1. 59. , .., . 215. 60. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, II, . 53/3.10.1861, . 212-213 ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 3, Sofia 1966, . 752 Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 187-188, No 53. 61. Popov, .., . 144 ilihgirov, .., . 597 AlbumMakedonija, .., . 66.

97

62 63 Gogo Papajani ( )64 Georgi Goguv ( )65 Gogo ()66 Georgij Gogov ( )67 G. Goga (. )68 Gogo Georgiev ( )69 Georgi Gogov ( )70 Gogo Popov ( )71. (Protokoli) 1871 Georgi Gogov ( )72 Gogo ()73. , , . 74, 75, Georgi Gogov ( )76, Georgij Gogov ( )77 . .78. .: : 1. , 27 1870, , , , ,, , 79. 2. G. Muir Mackenzie A. P. Irby , , 1866, Georgi Gogov ,,[] . , Georgi Gogov 80. 3. A. opov , 1893, ,

62. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, . 15/20.12.1860 ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 756. 63. Iv. Snegarov, Solunvblgarskataduhovnakultura.Istorieskioerkidokumenti, Sofia 1937, . 198-199 ( : Solunvblgarskata). 64. . . ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 757 Traikov, .., . 103. 65. Pop Georgiev, .., . 326, 527. 66. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 72/7.8.1870, . 3 . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 24/29.7.1872, . 7 Snegarov, Solunvblgarskata,.., . 142 Popov, .., . 144. 67. . Pravo, Carigrad, VI, . 11/10.5.1871, . 43-44 opov, .., . 201. 68. . Pravo, Carigrad, VI, . 15/7.6.1871, . 59-60 . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 24/29.7.1872, . 7. 69. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 24/29.7.1872, . 7 . StaraPlanina, I, . 53/6.3.1877, . 3. 70. Dumev, .., . 99 .. 71. Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita,.., . 203-236, passim. 72. ProtokolinaBlgarskijaNarodenSborvCarigradprez1871g., Sofia 1911, . 27(5.3.1871). 73. Protokoli,.., . 27(5.3.1871), 108(20.4.1871), 117(13.4.1871), 126(4.5.1871). 74. Pop Georgiev, .., . 321, 522. 75. .., . 322, 523, . 323, 524. 76. .., . 324, 525, . 325, 526. 77. .., . 326, 527. 78. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, II, . 53/3.10.1861, . 212-213. 79. . , , . . 389/27.5.1870. 80. Mackenzie - Irby, .., . 63.

98

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, Georgi Gogov , , , , 81. 4. Hr. Popov, 1938, Georgi Gogov ( Poarsko)82 , ( Vladovo)83 , , , 84. , , : , 85, . , 1869, . . , 1876, , . Georgi Gogov, Hr. Popov, 1869 1876 86. 5. 1870 Stanislava Karaivanova. Georgi Gogov , , , 87. Georgi Gogov (. 1860-1863, . 1873-1878)88, , , . Stanislava Karaivanova , 89. Georgi Gogov

81. opov, .., . 201-203. 82. .37, 1962, . 32-33 ( : ... ). V. Knov, Poarsko (. ), 1900, 2.004 (Knov, Makedonija,.., . 150). 83....,.., . 152-153. V. Knov, (. ), 1900, 740 (Knov, .., . 149). 84. . , .., . 215. 85. A. opov, 1893, Georgi Gogov , , , (opov, .., . 203). 86. Popov, .., . 144. 87. Dumev, .., . 101-102. 88. . , .1860-., 1987, . 89-135. 89. Dumev, .., . 101-102.

99

90, , 29 1860, Georgi S. Rakovski, Dunavski Lebed , : [...].,[] 91. , , 9 1860, Georgi S. Rakovski, DunavskiLebed , : , .,92 93.94 , 30 1870, P. T. Musevi Pavel Boigrobski, , Georgi Gogov , , 95. , 24 1870, Georgi Gogov Pavel Boigrobski V. D. Makedonski , , 96. Pavel Boigrobski, 4/16 1870, Georgi Gogov D. V. Makedonski , 97. Pavel Boigrobski, 18 ./1 1870, () D. V. Makedonski, 98, Georgi Gogov , 18701871, 99.90. . . ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 625. 91. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, . 15/20.12.1860 ArhivG.S.Rakovski, .., . 2, . 756. 92. (1818-1876) (1859-1867) (ArhivG.S.Rakovski, .., . 2, . 436437). 93. edindrug blgarin, (Arhiv G. S. Rakovski, .., . 2, . 777). 94. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, . 15/20.12.1860 ArhivG.S.Rakovski, .., . 2, . 755-776. 95. Pop Georgiev, .., . 319, 519. 96. .., . 321, 522. 97. .., . 322-323, 524. 98. .., . 323-324, 525. 99. AlbumMakedonija, .., . 66, 91, 92, 106.

100

.

(Protokoli) 1871, Georgi Gogov 100. (Protokoli) 1871, Georgi Gogov . 12 1871101, , 19 1871, 102. 25 1871103, 104. . Georgi Gogov: StaraPlanina, 6 1877, Georgi Gogov , 11 1876105. A. opov, , 1893, , , Georgi Gogov 106, , ()107. .GeorgiGogov: , Georgi Gogov (BlgarskoVzradane). : 1. 1870 Stanislava Karaivanova Georgi Gogov , , . GeorgiGogov 108. 2. Stara Planina, 6 1877, Georgi Gogov ,1871,109.100. Protokoli,.., . 126(4.5.1871) . opov, .., . 202. 101. Protokoli,.., . XVIII. 102. .., . XI. 103. .., . 166. 104. .., . 6(23.2.1871), 14(26.2.1871), 25(2.3.1871), 37(5.3.1871), 44(9.3.1871), 53(12.3.1871), 64(16.3.1871), 74(19.3.1871), 80(23.3.1871), 85(26.3.1871), 90(6.4.1871), 97(9.4.1871), 101(13.4.1871), 105(18.4.1871), 111(23.4.1871), 116(27.4.1871), 126(4.5.1871), 134(7.5.1871), 140(14.5.1871), 152(25.5.1871), 157(27.5.1871), 164(11.6.1871), 166(18.6.1871), 166(25.6.1871). 105. . StaraPlanina, I, . 53/6.3.1877, . 3. 106. . 107. opov, .., . 201. 108. Dumev, .., ., 129. 109. . StaraPlanina, I, . 53/6.3.1877, . 3.

101

3. A. opov, 1893, Georgi Gogov , 110. 4. , , .111. , , . 3.PavelBoigrobski(18101871)112 , , , , Hadzi Pavel Boigrobski ( ), 113. .: , Pavel Boigrobski , , (. )114 , 1852, , : () ( )115. , Zan afarik, 22 ./4 1865, , ,

110. opov, .., . 201. 111. ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 757. 112. Pavel Boigrobski . . Pop Georgiev, .., . 324, 525, . 309-326 Stoilov, Blgarskikniovnici,.., . 28-30 G. St. Kandilarov, BlgarskitegimnaziiiosnoviuilitavSolun, Sofia 1930, . 4 ( : Blgarskite gimnazii) . Stoilov, Arhimandrit hadi Pavel Boigrobski, Sofia 1917 ( : Arhimandrithadi) Snegarov, Solunvblgarskata,.. . Stojanov, Blgarska vzrodenkakniina, . 1, Sofia 1957, . 274 Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita, .., . 212 Album Makedonija, .., . 63 Hr. aldev, Narodnoto probudane v Bojmja, Makedonski Pregled (Sofia 1931) VI/4, . 54-60 Dumev, .., . 99 . Iv. Snegarov, Vzradane na blgarstinata v Solun, MakedonskiPregled (Sofia 1936) X/1 2, . 8-15 ( : Vzradane) Makedonski vozrodenski i revolucioneri, Album, Skopje 1950, . 17 Dokumenti za Blgarskoto Vzradane ot Arhiva na Stefan I. Verkovi 1860-1893, Sofia 1969, . 151 Bojan Vlev, Pavel Boigrobski, BlgarskiVzrodenskiKniovniciotMakedonija.Izbranistranici, Sofia 1983, . 119 - , .., . 34 . 1. 113. Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita,.., . 212. 114. ...,.., . 108. 115. J. Ivanov, Blgarski starini iz Makedonija, Sofia 11931, 21970, . 182 ( : Blgarski starini).

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Pavel Boigrobski: OnjerozenymakedonskyBulharzeSoluna ( )116. 28 , 1 1871, , Pavel Boigrobski , St. Kostov Pavel Boigrobski 60 117. , , Pavel Boigrobski , , 1810. , . , 118. , , , . , , . 1850, Pavel Boigrobski (1845-1872). Pavel Boigrobski , , . , 22 8 1865, Stefan I. Verkovi (1827-1893)119, o Atanas G. Kuuvali, , (1859-1867), Pavel Boigrobski120. 1865, Pavel Boigrobski , 121. .: Pavel Boigrobski . : 1. ,116. .., . 184. 117. Protokoli,.., . 160, 167. 118. : < . hac < . hajji < hajj: . 119. Stefan I. Verkovic . . DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhiva naStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 5-15. 120. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 150-151, No 117, . 159, No 122. 121. Ivanov, Blgarskistarini,.., . 184.

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1852, : / ,/ . / .//, / , () / . / , / . / 1852122. 2. 1865, Pavel Boigrobski , Aleksandr Ekzarh, 123. , , . , , , , 18 , SlavjanoBlgarskaIstorija(1762), Paisij Hilendarski (1720/1722-1773/1798) 124. .: , Pavel Boigrobski . 1. 1866 , , 125. , Georgi Gogov, ,

122. Ivanov, Blgarski starini, .., . 182, , . Makedonski Pregled, /3 4, . 110-112 J. Ivanov, BlgaritevMakedonija, Sofia 1917, . 267. ( ): Evangelie na gospoda boga i spasa naego Isusa Hrista, siga novo tiposano na bogarski jezik za sekoja nedelja otgodinadogodinasored.PrepisanoidiortosanootmenePavelieromonahboigrobskiprotosingel, rodomotBodenskaeparhija,otseloKonikovo, Solun, tampa Kyrjakova Darilen, 1852 (ArhivG.S. Rakovski, . 2, Sofia 1957, . 625). : , . . () , , , , , , , 1852). 123. Ivanov, Blgarskistarini,.., . 184. 124. . . Hilendarski Paisij, SlavjanoBlgarskaIstorija, Sofia 1972 Mih. Arnaudov, Paisij Hilendarski.LinostDelo-Epoha, Sofia 21972 ( : PaisijHilendarski) , .., . 725 -, , 2003 , ;, ,(30-3112003),, 2004, . 195-206. 125. , , Makedonija, 31 1866, Pavel Boigrobski (. Makedonija, Carigrad, , 5/31.12.1866, . 4).

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, , , , 126. (1859-1870), , , , , , , . , , Pavel Boigrobski 127. , Pavel Boigrobski , , 1867 1870, Leskovskiemanastir128 129. 2. , 1870, Pavel Boigrobski 130, 131. , , 1870, Pavel Boigrobski Leskovski , , 24 1870, , , Pavel Boigrobski132. 30 1870, Pavel Boigrobski Georgi Gogov133, , . 134. Pavel Boigrobski , , Georgi Gogov, , .

126. aldev, .., . 58 Kiril, Patriarh Blgarski, Prinoskmblgarskijacrkovenvpros.Dokumenti otAvstrijskoKonsulstvovSolun, Sofia 1961, . 257 , PrinoskmuniatstvotovMakedonija sledosvoboditelnatavojna(1879-1895), Sofia 1968, . 256, 257. 127. aldev, .., . 58. 128. .. 129. Ireek, .., . 336, 386. 130. Stoilov, Blgarskikniovnici,.., . 28-30. 131. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 39/14.11.1870, . 4. 132. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 72/7.8.1870, . 3. 133. Pavel Boigrobski , 14 1870, (Pop Georgiev, .., . 318, 518). 134. - , .., . 35, 37, 42.

105

Pavel Boigrobski Georgi Gogov, , . Georgi Gogov , , 135. , Pavel Boigrobski , : , 24 1870 4/16 1870, , , Pavel Boigrobski, , . D. V. Makedonski, , , 136. , , , Pavel Boigrobski, , , ,,, ,,, .,137. Pavel Boigrobski , , 1870. 138, . , Pavel Boigrobski , 1 1870139,

135. - , .., . 34. 136. . emirname: . 137. Pop Georgiev, .., . 321-322, 523. 138. , . . . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 82/21.9.1870, . 3 . Makedonija, Carigrad, V, . 16/20.4.1871, . 3 . Makedonija, Carigrad, V, . 5/1.2.1871, . 4 . Pravo, Carigrad, VI, . 11/10.5.1871, . 43-44 . Pravo, Carigrad, VI, . 15/7.6.1871, . 60 . Turcija, Carigrad, VII, . 24/29.7.1872, . 7 . Napredk, Carigrad, I, . 44/31.5.1875, . 176 opov, .., . 211 , . , , . 5/1.3.1919, . 4-5 P. Nikov, Avstriiski konsuli za Blgarite v Makedonija, MakedonskiPregled (Sofia 1925) /5-6, . 102-103, 104, 117-118, 118-119 , .., . 12 Dumev, .., . 127-129 - , .., passim . . , , ..(19,20, 211997), , . ( ). 139. , .., . 12.

106

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, 140 141, , , 1873, 142. (18.10.1912)143, . Pavel Boigrobski . ,144. Pavel Boigrobski. , , , , , Pavel Boigrobski145. , , 18 1870 146 , , , , Pavel Boigrobski147. 1870, , , , Georgi Gogov Pavel Boigrobski, 148.

140. . . - , .. . , (), , 1973 (), . 314 , .. 1862, , 1870-1875. 1 1872, Stanislava Karaivanova (Dumev, .., . 128-129). 141. . . . Makedonija, Carigrad, V, . 16/20.4.1871, . 3. . . Makedonija, Carigrad, V, . 5/1.2.1871, . 4 . Pravo, Carigrad, VI, . 15/7.6.1871, . 60 Nikov, .. 142. Dumev, .., . 128-129. 143. . . , ,.., . 225-260. 144. - , .., . 58. 145. .., . 57-58. 146. < . mutasarrif: 1. , , 2. , , , ,. 147. - , .., . 77-79. 148. .., . 82-85.

107

, 22 1870, , , , 149. , 23 1870, , 17 1870, () , Pavel Boigrobski . , , , 23 1870, , , Pavel Boigrobski150. Pavel Boigrobski, , , , , , . Pavel Boigrobski . 151 . Pavel Boigrobski, , 152. , , 15 1871, , , , , . 16 1871, Pavel Boigrobski , , 26 1871153. . PavelBoigrobski: . , Pavel Boigrobski .

149. - , .., . 80. 150. .., . 80-81. 151. . . kaymakam: ,. 152. - , .., . 90-93. 153. .., . 93-95.

108

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, 12 1871, , , , , 154. Pavel Boigrobski , , , , , . 11 1871, , Pavel Boigrobski, , , 155. , , (. ). , , 1871. (. ), 156. Pavel Boigrobski 60 , 28 , 1 1871157. Pavel Boigrobski , , . 4.158 . , (. ). , 27 154. - , .., . 100-101. 155. Kandilarov, Blgarskitegimnazii,.., . 8. 156. aldev, .., . 59-60 Stoilov, Blgarskikniovnici,.., . 28-30. 157. Protokoli,.., . 160, 167. 158. / / . . . , . 18/1.10.1919, . 6 . , , ,..(,4,561992), 1995, . 237-251 . . , , , 1980, . 91-94.

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1870159, , , , , 1861, , , ,/, /, /160,./ /,/ , / , 1866 . , , /. , , / /, / , ,/ /, ,/,/ ,/, /,, . / //, ,/, / //. , , , 161 , , / / /, ./162 ().159. . , , . . 389/27.5.1870. 160. . 161. . . muhtar: 1. ,. 2. . 162. . mazbata: ,.

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, , / / . /163, /,/ 164,/ /(165). / / /. // //, /. , 1866, , , , / /,. // / / , / / /. : / / / /. , , . 5.GoceDelev(1872-1903)166 , , , , -

163. [< . mecit: ] , (1839-1861), . 164. [< . . simit: + . . para: , (= 1/40) ]. 165. . ark: ,. 166. . . Goce Delev, Spomeni.Dokumenti.Materiali, Sofia 1978.

111

, Goce Delev. Goce Delev , 1872, 4 1903, . () V.M..R.O.167 168. 1901 169. Todor Stankov, Iliden, 6 1923170, V.M.O.R.O. 1893 , 171. Sava Mihajlov, Goce Delev, 1901 1902, 172. Georgi Pophristov173, Slavejko Arsov , 1901 1902, Goce Delev, (. ), (. ), (. ) . , , . , , , , ,,174. Hristo Siljanov (1880-1939), , Goce Delev (, , , ..), , 23 1902 (), . Goce Delev, Hristo Siljanov, . , , , , , , . , -

167. Vtrena Makedono-Odrinska Revoljucionna Organizacia ( ). 168. Goce Delev, .., . 7. 169. .., . 11. 170. . Iliden, Sofia, . , . 28/6.5.1923, . 2-3. 171. Goce Delev, .., . 83. Gjore Petrov, 1896, , 15-16 . Kiril Prliev (Goce Delev, .., . 89 BorbitevMakedonijai Odrinsko,.., . 177 . Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 728-730, No 17). 172. Goce Delev, .., . 138. 173. .., . 144. 174. .., . 148.

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, . , 175. Goce Delev , , 176. Goce Delev , , , , . 6.177 . . : , . : 1. 1870 178, , : VodenskaBlgarskaObtina1870179 ( 1870). 2. 1870 , , , : VodenskaBlgarskaCrkovnaObtina1870180 ( 1870). , 1870, Georgi Gogov181. , 182. 3. Pavel Boigrobski, 11 1870183 19 1870184 VodenskaB(lgarska)Obtina .

175. .., . 163-164 BorbitevMakedonijaiOdrinsko,.., . 472. 176. Goce Delev, Spomeni, .., . 148. 177. . . Hr. Hristov, Blgarskiteobtini, Sofia 1973, . 179, 188 Sbev, .., . 173. 178. - , .. , .., . 3-14. 179. Ivanov, Blgarskistarini,.., . 230. 180. .. 181. Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita, .., . 214. 182. .., . 213, . . 215, . 183. Pop Georgiev, .., . 315, 512. 184. .., . 316, 513.

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4. , , 2 1870, Turcija, 14 1870, VodenskaBlgarskaObtina Pavel Boigrobski185. 5. (), 27 1870, , St. omakov , 186. 6. , , , 1 1871, Makedonija 187. 7. , Turcija, 15 1872, Vodenskite Blgari, 188. .: , , . : 1. Georgi Gogov, 15 1861, DunavskiLebed, 3 1861, 600 , 189. 2. , 27 1870/, , / / / /190. 3. , 1874, 800 ( 400 ), (185. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 39/14.11.1870, . 4. 186. Pop Georgiev, .., . 320, 521. 187. . Makedonija, Carigrad, . 5/1.2.1871, . 3 Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 274-275, No 119. 188. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 22/15.7.1872, . 3. 189. . DunavskiLebed,Belgrad, II, . 53/3.10.1861, . 212-213. 190. . , , . . 389/27.5.1870.

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)60191. 4. , Emile Laveleye, , 1884, , 11 1885, (. 4716/1885), , , , . 192. 5. A. opov , 1893, Georgi Gogov 160 193. 6. A. Struck, 2 1902, , , 13 1950 8.900 , 3.620 , 3.480 , 1.530 270 -. 12.500. 5.420 , 3.900 1.520 194. 7. . , , 121904, : 750/150/500/45/ 195. 8. , , 3 1905, : 710,3.170 [...] :302,1.261.2/3 [...] :2 [...] :13, 81196. 9. 1905, D. M. Brancoff , , 10.300 , 6.280 , 3.600 , 120 , 30 270 197. 10. 1907, : : 1.710, 8.645 [...] 191. , .., . 5-6. 192. . , Laveleye, . , . 1667/12.8.1995, . 6. 193. opov, .., . 212. 194. . Struck, Makedonischen Fahrten. II. Die Makedonische Niederlande, Sarajevo 1908, . 59-60. 195. , .., . 3. 196. , .. 197. Brancoff, .., . 190-191.

115

4.890, 745, 210, 2.800198. 11. M. Paillars , 1907, 11.200 , 6.000 , 3.000 , 2.000 , 200 ..199 12. . . , 1909, 15.000,10.000,900 200. 13. . , 1910, : : 3.800 , 1.500 ,18,15,10 3.460,25201. 14. G. Vestitelev , 1911-1912, 11.200 202. 15. (18.10.1912), . . , : 6.000 , 2.000 4.000203. 16. , 211913, : (): [] 3.697, [] 2.778, [] 1.485, [] 273, []290,[]8.523.:[]6.000 [...] []3.000,[]3.000,[]100,[][] 100.12.200 [...] []() [...] [] [...] 6.000, [...] 3.000, [...] 3.000/ [...] 1.000 [] [] [] [] [ []]4.307[]4.282[]8.589204. 17. , , 1908, , , , : , ,, ,205. .: , 10 1867, Makedonija, , , 198. (1907). 199. . Paillars, LimbroglioMacdonien, Paris 1907, . 232. 200. , .., . 101. 201. , .., . 23. 202. Vestitelev, .., . 107. 203. , .., . 38. 204. (21.8.1913). 205. , .., . 40.

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, , 206. , , , . : 1. Georgi Gogov , 15 1861, Georgi S. Rakovski, Dunavski Lebed , 3 1861, , : , ,207. . 208. 2. , , , , 22 1864, , , . , , , pogrcaniBlgari , , , , , 209. 3. , 11 1870, Pavel Boigrobski , (12) , (11) , lenovenaVodenskaB(lgarska)Obtina( )210. 4. Pavel Boigrobski, 19 1870, , , 211. , . .: , , : 1. . 2. . 3. .

206. . Makedonia, Carigrad I. . 28 /10.6.1867, . 3. 207. . DunavskiLebed, Belgrad, II, . 53/3.10.1861, . 212-213 ArhivG.S.Rakovski, . 3, Sofia 1966, . 752 Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 187-188, No 53. 208. Pop Georgiev, .., . 321, 522, . 322, 523, . 323, 524. 209. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 133-134, No 101. 210. Pop Georgiev, .., . 315, 512. 211. .., . 316, 513.

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, , , . : 1. Georgi Gogov, 15 1861, DunavskiLebed. , 3 1861, , , (1859-1870) , , 212. 2. , 18 1867, Makedonija, 27 1867, , , , , ,, , 213. 3. Pavel Boigrobski, 11 1870, 12 , , , . Pavel Boigrobski , 15 , 214. 4. , 5 1870, Makedonija, 15 1870, , 6-7 , , , 215. 5. , 1893, A. opov, , 1872, . . 212. . DunavskiLebed, Belgrad, II, . 53/3.10.1861, . 212-213. 213. . Makedonija, Carigrad, I, . 26/27.5.1867, . 2. 214. Pop Georgiev, .., . 314-315, 512. 215. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 58/15.6.1870, . 3.

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. . , , 216. , , . 217

, , 1869. : 1. , Makedonija, 11 1867, 218. . 2. . , 11 1858219 216. opov, .., . 211. 217. . . opov, .., . 213 Dumev, .., . 99 ilingirov, .., . 597 Popov, .., . 139 Vestitelev, .., . 105-122 Kandilarov, Blgarskite .. uilita, .., . 203-236 . 1884.10, . 54/4.12.1889 . . , 1899, ( 1972) 2, . 29 ( : 1899). , , . . . / 1913 . , , ( ), 1973, . 240 . . , 20 , . . (4,561992),, 1995, . 321-330. . . , .. , .., . 3-4 ,,,,,.1904-1905, 3 1905 Brancoff, .., . 190-191 Struck, .., . 59 / 1913 , 1899, .., . 29. . . / 1913 Brancoff .., . 190-191, St. Romanski, Makedonskite Romni, MakedonskiPregled (Sofia 1925) 1/5-6, . 93. . . , .. (18.10.1912) , ( ) . , , , , . 218. . Makedonija, Carigrad, I, . 11/11.2.1867, . 4. 219. . 1868 1858, , 1869, 30 .

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. ,, 30220. 3. , 26 1869, Oteestvo(), 221. Agapij Vojnov , 222. 223. , , Makedonija, 22 1869, , , Agapij Voinov 224. 4. A. opov , 1893, 5 1869. Agapij Voinov . . , , . 1872 Agapij Voinov , 225. G. Vestitelev226 G. St. Kandilarov227. 5. 1870 Stanislava Karaivanova 50 , . 40 . , , Georgi Gogov. 228.

220. , .., . 4. 221. . Oteestvo, Carigrad, I, . 10/26.9.1869, . 39. 222. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 557, No 461, . 1 Snegarov, .., . 59, 71, 131. 223. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 3/22.11.1869, . 2 Macedonia. Dokuments and Material, .., . 255-256, No 104. 224. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 3/22.11.1869, . 2. 225. opov, .., . 213 . Dumev, .., . 102 Vestitelev, .., . 121 Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita, .., . 213, 217. 226. Vestitelev, .., . 121. 227. Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita, .., . 213, 217. 228. Dumev, .., . 101-102 Kandilarov, Blgarskite uilita, .., . 215-217.

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6. , 24 1870, Makedonija, 7 1870, , , , 229. 7. , 2 1870, Turcija, 14 1870, , 663 , , Makedonija Turcija230. 8. 1872 Makedonska Druina (), , 231. 9. Turcija, 15 1872, 232. 10. , , 28 / 10 1903, , , 233. , , . , Atanas G. Kuuvali , 24 1883, Stefan I. Verkovi (1827-1893)234, , (Gjrci) , 235.

, 1870, , : Blgarsko italite236 V Voden 1870237 ( .229. . Makedonija, Carigrad, IV, . 72/7.8.1870, . 3. 230. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 39/14.11.1870, . 4. 231. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 537, No 448, . 1. 232. . Turcija, Carigrad, VI, . 22/15.7.1872, . 3. 233. Osvoboditelnata borba na Blgarite v Makedonija i Odrinsko. 1902-1904. Diplomatieski dokumenti, Sofia 1978, . 323, No 127. 234. Stefan I. Verkovic . . DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhiva naStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 5-15. 235. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 615-616, No 503. 236. . italite : 1. (), 2. , 3. , 4. (Blgarsko-GrckiRenik, Sofia 1960, . 1444, italite). 237. ilingirov,.., . 204.

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1870). . .: , 238, (18.10.1912)239. , , 26 1913, , , : 240. . 7. , . : 1. , 29 1902, Anastas Jankov 54 , (. ), (. ), (. ) . Anastas Jankov , . , , . Radomir Atanasov, , 300 , 241. . 2. Hristo ernopeev (1868-1915), 1902, Trenev Kiril Prliev 30 242. 3. . , 1904,

238. . , .(, ).251891, . 175 (10.1.1914). 239. , ,.., . 225-260. 240. ,.., . 167 (26.8.1913). 241. Goce Delev, .., . 336-337. 242. BorbitevMakedonijaiOdrinsko,.., . 369.

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: 243 , ,15, . , ,, 244. , , . , , , , , . 4. , 3 1907, , , 2.4245. . 246 , , . . , , . 247. , . , : 1. , 17 1903, (1840-1915) . . , , , , . . ,

243. . 244. , .., . 42. 245. , , . , . 31, . 5/3.2.1907, . 62. 246. . , , .., . 381-395. 247. . . , , .., . 23-26 . Makedonija, Carigrad, V, . 5/1.2.1871, . 4 . , . 59-64, .

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251. , .., . 7. 252. . . , , .., . 57-83. 253. . . , 1899, .., . 25-29 . . , . (1782-1912), (29,30,311998),, 1999, . 123-153, . 254. , , , , : 1. (3 1862), . . : . . , , ( 1972) 1/15-17 , , . , . 1483/25.1.1992, . 6 2. .(1872), . . , .. , , .., . 10-23 , .. 3. (1903), . . , .., . 40 , .., . 222, . , . , . , . 9/1.5.1919, . 5, . 26/15.2.1920, . 4 . . , . , 1974, . 24 4. (1905), . . , .., . 222-223 , .., . 24. 255. , .., . 4, 38. 256. . . , .., . 37 , , . , . 31, . 5/3.2.1907, . 62. 257. Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 201-203, No 63. 258. Stefan I. Verkovic . . DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhiva naStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 5-15.

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259. Veniamin Maukovski . . DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneot ArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 80-81, No 50, . 7. 260. DokumentizaBlgarskotoVzradaneotArhivanaStefanI.Verkovi,.., . 180-182, dok. 143, . 81 Macedonia.DokumentsandMaterial,.., . 226-227, 82. 261. . 262. . , , . . 389/27.5.1870. 263. Dumev, .., . 100-101.

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264. opov, .., . 205-206. 265. . 266. , .., . 4. 267. BorbitevMakedonijaiOdrinsko, 624 625 Luka Ivanov . 268. BorbitevMakedonijaiOdrinsko,.., . 196. 269. . , 1904, . , . 1630/26.11.1994, . 6.

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270. . , . , ( 1992) 2, . 57-58. 271. opov, .., . 212.

KonstantinosG.Stalidis UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS OF SLA VIC INFILTRATION IN EDESSA DURING THE TIME OF THE MACEDONIAN STRUGGLE In this article, the attempts of slavic (russian, bulgarian, serbian) policy to infiltrate the habitants of Edessa are reported, according to known sources, both in peaceful and violent manners, in the mid nineteen and early twentieth century, with the purpose of shaping a slavic, mainly bulgarian, conscience. However, these attempts were unsuccessful, due to the firm resistance and reaction of the Hellenism against the slavic-bulgarian pressure, through the orthodox greek community, the orthodox church, the greek schools, the compact orthodox and greek conscience, and in general the greek culture. The greek cultivation of the habitants of Edessa conduces in the failure of slavic infiltration in Edessa, during the Macedonian Struggle era.

. :

1. , , . , , , , , , . 2. , . O , , , , . , , . - , . , , , (sustainable development). , , , -

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. , , , , . , , . (trekking) . , , , , , , .. . . () 4 6, , -. , , . , , , , , , , .. , , , , , .. , , . , ( ) , . . , , . , , (.. , , ), , , , , , .. , , , .

131

3.1896-1897 1896-1897 . , . , , , , . . ( 1970), . 1 1896-1897: ) (. 1) (. ), , . ) , , . ) , . ) (. ), . ) , . ) (. ), . ) , . , : i) , ( ) , (), . ii) , , ,

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. . . . iii) - - - - - - , . . . , , , . 4. , , (. 2), , ( ) , . . , , 1878 , ( ). , . , , ( 3). (. 1866 .), , , . , , , . , , ( , ..). , , , .

133

5. , , (1 1926). , , . . , , :, . 1 ( 1994). , , , , , , , , , . , , , ( 2). , , , , . . , , . , . . , . , , . , . , . , , - 21992 ( ). , ( ).

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135

, (), (), (16.3). (), (), (), (), () (. 3), (), (22.3), . , , . , , , , () . ( 3 4), , , , , . , : () - - () - (), . : , , 20 , . . () (. 1300) (). () , . () , () (). - , . 5.2. , , 18 1904 . , , , , . ,

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, . , , ( 5). (18.7 ), (19.7), , () , (22.7), (24.7). , , , , , , , (. 4). . , . , , , , , , . 5.3. . , , . 27.8.1904 , ( 3). , , , (28.8), ( ) 13 ( 6). , (29.8 1.9) (. 5), , (). : , . , .

137

, ,(. 332). : 2:1 (300-400.) (. 341). (2.9) , - , , , (4.9) (). , ( ) () (5.9), () (6.9), (), (), () ( 4), () (7.9), , , ( 20 . ), . (11.9), , (12.9), (), (14.9), () (15.9), . - ( 4), , , . ( ) (16.9), (), (), (). , , , , (), () (.6). 23 (. 394). , , (25.9), , , (), (2.10), () (9.10), . , (. 398) , () (. 399) (. 7). , , . () (), (13.10) , (. 8). , , ,

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, , , . , , , . : () , , , , , ( 3, 6 4 ), . () , , . () () - () () - , , , . () (), , , : , (), . , () , . , , . , , , , . 6. , . , , , , .. (. 3), (. 6), (. 8), .. (.7) -

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2.LandkartenhandlungArtariaTouristen Karten,.3940Janina,1:50.000,Wien1904, ().

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3.13 (), ().

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4.13 ()().

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GeorgiosP.Tsotsos THE GREEK STRUGGLE IN WESTERN MACEDONIA: MAPPING THE MOUNTAINOUS ROUTES USED BY THE FIGHTERS. PROPOSALS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NOWADAYS AREA In this paper, some of the mountainous routes used by the fighters of the Greek struggle in Macedonia (1896-1908), mainly those used by Pavlos Melas, are described and mapped. A proposal for establishing a network of rambler trails of environmental and cultural interest is also presented to contribute in the sustainable development of the nowadays area, by employing environmental-friendly methods of fostering tourism. This network will be composed by a series of long distance or shorter trails, that were used by the fighters, which will allow walkers to pass through natural landscapes of outstanding beauty, traditional villages, and to visit places and monuments associated with important events of national history.

.

, , , , . . , , , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , . (, ), (, ), . , , , . . , 1904 , 19 . . . - , . . . , . , -, .

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. 27 28 1904, . . 1. 1904 16 , () . 18 () . ( ), ( ) 18 . 19 ( . , ) 2.1. . , ,, - - . , 1994: 1915(. 31)... (. 32)... , ,, (. 36)... , (. 41)... ,,,(. 47)... ()(. 48)... (. 54). : ,,(. 32)... ,,. ,(. 36). (...):2,(. 53). . . 2/6. - (.., . 41) (. 37, 41, 48). . , , 24 (1984) 209-216. 2. 14 (. 1904)...15,8.....162........ 18 ... , ...9, 19....9, ...20, .... ()...21. . . 1904,, - . . , . , 1992, . 17, 19, 21, 23. , , , . .., . 23 . 50. . . , ,,1903 -1907, . , 1996. . . 2/7.

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O - 5 1904 , 7 8 , 11 . 12 , 15 . . . . . () 16 . . . , , () . 19 . . 20-21 . 22 , 23 , 24 . , 3. . . - 18.4.1905 ( 1905) , , , . , , (), , 4. . 27 1905 , 3. -, , 1904-1905, - . , 2003, . 13-21. - , ( , , , , , ..). - , , . . , , , , .. 11-11-1904... (), .., . 9, . , .., . 17, , .., . 19 .. . . 2/8. 4. ,,.,.,.,.-,,., . ...., 1984, . 219-221 ( :, . ....). . , , 1984, passim. . . 1/1.

156

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5. , - . , , , , (, ..), . . Douglas Dakin, 1897-1913, . . - , . .... - , 1996, . 283, 284, 293, 500, 509. 6. ,. ...., ..,. 222-234. : . . , . ,... .., ,, ,,, .., . 225. . . . , . . 20 ., (.- . 1998) 313-330. 7. , . ...., .., . 220: ,, ...,,( ).

157

() 1905, 8. , , () 22 1905 , --, ()9. 62 1905 , , , , . , , (). , , , , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , , . . 10.8. , . , , 1979, . 174-175 ( : , . .../ ...) .,, . ...., .., . 219, 291. 9. , . .../..., .., . 175 , . ...., .., . 210 . . 4/9. 10. , . ...., .., . 392-398. , : . .,. , .., . 391. (. Dakin, .., . 283-284). . . 2/2.

158

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