From — Status and Prospects Tim Gershonbozzi/IFAE2003/CKM2003/gershon_4_06.pdf · 2003-04-12 ·...

��

� From — Status and Prospects

Tim GershonIPNS, KEK

Workshop on the CKM Unitarity TriangleApril 6, 2003

Tim Gershon Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle April 6, 2003

BELLE Introduction

� ��

(0,0) (1,0)

(ρ,η)

φ2φ3

VudVub*

VcdVcb*

VtdVtb*

VcdVcb*

� Require interference between

� �� &

� �� processes� � � ��

is a good place to look– Relatively abundant processes with relatively clean signals� So what is the problem?– Smallness of

� �� amplitude relative to

� ��

– Efficiency to reconstruct

� So what is the solution?� Measure

� �� ! " �$#% & ' ' at

�factories, so why not

� �)( �* �� ! " �#+ , ' ' ?Tim Gershon Workshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle April 6, 2003

BELLE Notation & Disclaimers

As is common in

physics, different notations exist in the literatureI will use �� Amplitude to a

specific final state,

� � Rate to a

specific final state,

Direct CP asymmetry,

� � ��

��

Branching fraction,

� � ��

Ratio of suppressed to favoured amplitudes

Disclaimers

� I apologise in advance for any bias towards Belle &

-factories

� All results are preliminary unless you can find them in a journal

� Not enough space to give references � � � sorry!

BELLE The GLW Method

Access

� �� via interference between

� � � � � �

� � � � � � �

by reconstructing

decays to

��

eigenstates

�� (

��

even) &

� � ( ��odd)

� � � � �� s

COLOUR ALLOWED COLOUR SUPPRESSED

D0K−)

(B− DCP2A

(B− D K−)

�� ! " #� �� $ � ! "% &(' )+* $, - �.� �� / - � �� 01 � "#� �� $ 01 � "% &(' )+* $ � � / �� 2 � �� ! "#� �� $ � ! "% &(' )+* $, - �.� �� / 2 � �.� �� 01 � "#� �� $ 01 � "% &(' )+* $

BELLE Problems With The GLW Method

� �� is small, early predictions of� ��

� � � observation of COLOUR SUPPRESSED

� � � ��

, etc. (Belle, BaBar, CLEO)

� � � � � ��

� Hard to measure

� � � � since

� � � � � ��

� � � � � � � � � �

instead measure

� � � ��

� ��

� �

indicates the

is reconstructed in a “flavour-specific” mode

�� !"# $ �% !"# &'( )* !"# + &'( ), -/. 021 + � $ � � � !"# $43 % !"# &'( )* !"# + &'( ), -. 021 +

� Measure

� �5� �� ,

� � � �� ,� ,� �, note that

� �5� ��

3 independent measurements & 3 unknowns (

� � � � ,

6 � � � ,

� �� )

� � � �� Results - BaBar

� BaBar have studied

� � � �

with� ��

(� ��

with� � � � � �

�� identification

-id required

(GeV)KE∆-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1

120K0 D→B

π0 D→B

(GeV)KE∆-0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1

25K0 D→B

π0 D→B

� �

��

� � � ��

peak around

, � peak around

� � � ��

� � � �� Results - Belle

� Belle have updated results using� � � � � �

for� � � ��

� � � ��

� � � � � � � � � �

��

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

� �

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

��

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

∆E (GeV)

ts / 1

��

� �"! #$ % &')( ' * + ')( ,- + ')( ' .

�/�"0 #1$ %32 ' ( ,4 + ')( ,5 + ')( ' 6

peak around 8 � � 93: ;

< peak around

BELLE Extensions and Alternatives to the GLW Method

� � � � � � �

� � � � � � ��

measured by CLEO, Belle

– Belle:

� � �

events with

� � � � � �

in� � � � � � (cf.

��

� � � � � �

in� � � � � � )

� � � � � � (non-resonant)– both amplitudes colour allowed � large

� � � �– non-resonant branching fraction not yet observed

� � � � � � Dalitz plot analysis– General extension of above– Beneficial if different contributions interfere

BELLE More Extensions and Alternatives to the GLW Method

� ADS method– Use interference between

� � � � � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � �SUPPRESSED

FAVOURED FAVOURED

SUPPRESSED

– Comparable amplitudes � � � large

– Product branching fractions become very small (below

� � �

� � � � � � � � � � �

– both amplitudes colour suppressed � � � large�

– These modes observed by Belle–

� � � � � � �

tags flavour of

� do not need flavour tagging– Can also study time-dependence � � � more later

� � � � � � ��

Results - Belle

Results with

� � � � �

20 D0K-0

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2

D0K-*0

∆E (GeV)

Events/(0.01 GeV) 0

D*0K−0

10 D*0K−*0

20D−0K−*0

−0.2 −0.1 0 0.1 0.2

D−*0

K−*0

∆E (GeV)

Events/(0.01 GeV)

� ��

� � � � ��

� ��

� � � � ��

� ��

�� is large, hope to see hints for

� � � � � � � � � �

BELLE Yet Another Extension of the GLW Method

� Consider

� � � � �

� � ��

� ��

Dalitz plot has contributions from:

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ��

� � � � ��

��

� � � � � ��

��

� � � and many other possible modes

� Study

��

Dalitz plots for

� � � � �&

� � � � �

� � � enough information to extract

� � � �� cleanly

� Can use other multibody final states of

�decay

� Can do the same for

� � � � � � � � � �

� � � ��

� �

Dalitz Plot Analysis - CLEO

Note that

� � ��

Dalitz plot analysis has been done by CLEO

� NOT from�

decay!

� 5299 candidates

� �

� �background

� “wrong-sign”

� � � � � � �

observed (

� � � � significance)� “

”� ��

� � � �

error on the phase difference

BELLE Time-dependent

� � � � �

� Note that in any mode discussed so far, can replace � � �

� �

becomes

� � � � �� usually not worth considering

� BUT let’s make an exception for

� � � � � (no

� � equivalent)

VcbVud

� favoured �

VcbVud

VubVcd

� suppressed �

VubVcd

� Time evolution: (

�� )

�� ! � � " � �� ! � � "$#% &�' (' ) " � � � � & *,+ �- . � / � � " & * + �' (' ) "0

�21� ,� � �� 3�� ! � � " � �� ! � � "$#% &�' (' ) " � � � � & *,+ �- . � / � � " & *,+ �' (' ) "0

�4� ,� � �� ! � � " � �� ! � � " #% &�' (' ) " � � � � & *,+ �- . � / � � " & *,+ �' (' ) "0

�21� � � �� 3�� ! � � " � �� ! � � "$#% &�' (' ) " � � � � & *,+ �- . � / � � " & * + �' (' ) "0

� � � � � � ��

Time-dependent

� � � analysis accesses � ��

� � � since � ��

is measured � � � � ��

BUT precise measurement of � ��

may not precise� ��

Take � ��

– measure � ��

� � � � ��

On the other hand– measure � ��

��

� � � �

��

� Cannot extract

� � � � from

� � � data

� Clean measurement in principle from

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� Instead use

� � � � � ��

� � � � � � � ��

� � � � �

��

� ��

� � ��

� BaBar and Belle have measured

� � "! # $ %&(' ) * +

, , , limiting systematic is

� - % *' $ . ) *0/

� Belle has measured

� - % *' $ . ) *1/

��

Both BaBar and Belle also measure

! $ % ' �

(not relevant to this discussion)B

eV B0→Ds+π-

MDssidebandsCombinatorial

charmless

B0→D-π+

B0→D-ρ+

∆E(GeV)

B0→Ds-K+

-0.25 0

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2

10 Ds+K-

-0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2

Ds+π-

∆E (GeV)

Events/(0.01 GeV)

�� "! # $ #! # # $ #! � %� #� &

� �� '� � � �� '� � �� #! () � � *+� � * � $ #! + � #� &

Belle measures

� � %&�' $ . )& +-, ./0 0 12 3 45 67 1 / 378 459 : 178 :0 12 3 45 6 7 1 / 378 45

5.200 5.225 5.250 5.275 5.3000

Mbc(GeV)

#entry

1.86 1.88 1.9 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2 2.02 2.04 2.06

#event

Mmiss GeV

rejectreject

side band side band

� � %&�' $ . )& +, �<; , = > ? � , ;@ * #! AB& #! # C +ED F � & � G � �� H � , � > > ? � , � � =

� � Analysis Techniques

Method Usage Pro ConFull reconstruction BaBar & Belle �� &

�� Good

� ��

Low efficiencyPartial reconstruction, any tag BaBar �� Very large statistics Poor

� ��

Partial reconstruction, lepton tag Belle

�� Large statistics, clean tag Poor

� ��

Missing Mass (GeV/c1.8 1.81 1.82 1.83 1.84 1.85 1.86 1.87 1.88

Decay Time Difference (ps)

−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15

Decay Time Difference (ps)−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15

1.78 1.80 1.82 1.84 1.86

D0 missing mass (GeV/c 2)

DATAFitUn−peaked BackgroundPeaked Background

−0.2

−1500 −1000 −500 0 500 1000 1500

∆z (µm)A(∆

� � � �

��

events

�� !

"� � � �

"� "� �# �

events

$&% � � � �� ' � � � � �( � � � � )� � ! * +

� � � � � � -� /F � -�� /;

- Monte Carlo Studies

Can generate Monte Carlo with any

� �� ,

�� , � �� - > . �� % � . �� %# /

using EvtGen

This example uses

� partial reconstruction

� lepton tag

� � � ��

sample

INPUT MEASURED�� ! � � � "# $ * � "&% $* * ' �� % & #! #) ( & #! #) ( $ #! # B

� � �� ! � � � "# $ * � "&% $* & ' �� % & #! # (( & #! # C # $ #! # )

) Asymmetric peaks in same flavour modes ) Shifted means of mixing asymmetry

� � � � � � -� /F � -�� /;

- Experimental Considerations

� High precision vertexing requiredshift in

�� of � F�� $ shift in

> � �� - > . � � % � . �� %# ? �� /

of � F

Partial reconstruction (lepton tag) very sensitive to charge dependencies

� Background contains

% ), % �� % ,

% �� %� , etc.$ same quark level process & same

violating effectPartial reconstruction techniques need sophisticated background treatment

� Kaon tags often come from

% � � % ), % � � % ,% �� %� , etc.$ same

violating effect on the tag sideFull reconstruction & partial reconstruction (any tag) sensitive

� Different techniques are complementary

� , � - �/ �,

� - �/ � F

� Similar modes also access � �� - > . �� % � . �� %# /

� % ), % ,

%� can only be studied using full reconstruction

� %� ,

%� � are

! $ � �

decays and contain extra information

– 3 helicity/transversity statesG ; �� ; �� , relative amplitudes & phases,

> . � � % � . �� %#

– Total of 11 parameters$ can in principle be obtained from time-dependent angular analysis

– Interference between helicity amplitudes

� do not need to measure

� � � �– What is the best way to do this fit?

θθDρ

� � � Polarization

� CLEO have measured

�� , � , � �� ? � , � F� ? � , � F >

��

? Can analyze

% � in same way as

% � ), replacing

> �� - .� ? � �� / $ - > �� F / > �� - .� ? � � �/

– Complications if helicity states have different

� � � �,

� � �

– Beneficial for partial reconstruction where angular ( �) resolution may be poor

� � �/

� � � F Partial Reconstruction - BaBar

Large signal yields, but very large backgrounds

Missing Mass (GeV/c1.845 1.85 1.855 1.86 1.865 1.87 1.875

) (GeV/c+π0πm(0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Fisher Discriminant−4.5 −4 −3.5 −3 −2.5 −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5

Decay Time Difference (ps)−15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15

� > � � � & $ � � > � ? > � �events

�� , F ,� F� ? � , �� ? � , � =� � �

%� �

mmiss(Gev/c 2)

� > � � � & $ F � � � � ? F > � �

events

BELLE Prospects for

� -�� /; Measurement

Mode Summer 2003 (

F � � � � &

F � � � � � &

% �� & � � � � � �� , F >

� � � � , F �

Observe D

� � � �, �)

�� , �� $ . �� %# � ; � �

% �� #

Search for

"! # $ % # �� #

Search for

"! # $ % �� #

%� ) ' � � � � � � "# $ * � " % $* $ ' �� % %�� #! ( - � �� - > . � � % � . �� %# / / � � , F �

PARTIAL REC. Assume

� �� &

' �� known, may hit systematics limit%� ' � � � � � � "# $ * � " % $* $ ' �� % %�� "! � - � �� - > . � � % � . �� %# / / � � , ; �

PARTIAL REC. Worse than

�� due to background, not

# # �

polarized% �� % ) � ' � � � � � � "# $ * � " % $* $ ' �� % %�� #! ( - � �� - > . � � % � . �� %# / / � � , F �

FULL REC. All modes combined

� Dalitz plot & time-dependent angular analyses also look promising

� Clearly a long an arduous journey ahead of us to measure

. �� %#

� The first steps are being taken

, , , in some cases the path ahead is clear

, , , there may yet be surprises along the way

� Reason to be optimistic about prospects with

F � � � � � &

From — Status and Prospects Tim Gershonbozzi/IFAE2003/CKM2003/gershon_4_06.pdf · 2003-04-12 ·...

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