Post on 26-Mar-2018
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-It is estimated that over 1 billion waste tyresgenerated per year and 1.7 billion new tyresproduced1
-High-quality recycled materials based on waste tyresare still lacking due to differing raw materials andprocesses.-Option-use recycled rubber powder from part-worntyres - contains less traces of metal, sand and textilecontamination – less effect on the mechanicalproperties-Rubber failure in a single loading cycle forengineering applications-unusual; common tests suchas tensile and tear strength as quality control only
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
SUMMARY
To investigate the mechanical, dynamic and morphology properties of the compound withrecycled rubber powder from tyre buffings (RRP-TB) at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 part per hundredrubber (pphr) in NR/BR blends
Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Experiment Station, 47000, Sg.Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia &
School of Engineering, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
Dayang Habibah A.I.H, Frank Abraham and John Summerscales
MECHANICAL, DYNAMIC AND MORPHOLOGY PROPERTIES OF NATURAL RUBBER (NR)/BUTADIENE RUBBER (BR) BLENDS WITH RECYCLED RUBBER POWDER
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Little change in mechanical properties such as tensile, hardness and abrasionproperties with the addition of up to 30 pphr of RRP-TB, but a significantdeterioration in the fatigue life properties. Thus, common mechanical, e.g.tensile properties may only be used as quality control test of the strength, whiledynamic test is needed to assess their strength and durability for long termapplications.
The morphology of fracture surfaces from tensile tests showed apparent cracklines which lay across the matrix and surrounding particles indicating de-bondingof the crumb particles.
Compound containing RRP-TB-30 had higher tan δ at 0ºC whichis indicative of better wet skidproperties.
Conversely, the compoundexhibited slightly higher rollingresistance as indicated bymarginal higher tan δ at 60ºCcompared to the controlcompound.
METHODOLOGY
Deterioration in thefatigue to failure of RRP-TB filled compared tothe control compound
Significant deteriorationleading to fatigue life to103 cycles for RRP-TBfilled under severe strain
Dynamic mechanical analysis
Mechanical properties
RRP-TB (pphr) 0 5 10 20 30Hardness, Shore A
61 61 61 60 61
Tensile Strength, MPa
27.5 25 23.4 22.9 21.4
Elongation at break, %
690 640 630 600 620
M100, MPa 2 2 2 1.9 1.7
Abrasion resistance index (ARI, %)
177 184 179 176 170
Characterisation
Fatigue to failure results
-0.07
-0.06
-0.05
-0.04
-0.03
-0.02
-0.01
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Deriv
ativ
e w
eigh
t (%
/min
)
Wei
ght l
oss (
%)
Temperature (0C)
RC-TB
RC-TB-Derivative
Properties Method/ConditionsCharacterisation
Tensile Strength Hardness (Shore A) DIN Abrasion Resistance Index Storage Modulus, tan δ
Fatigue testing
Morphology-fracturesurfaces
ThermoGravimetry Analysis(TGA),Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysisBS ISO 37:2011 MS ISO 769:2010 ISO 4649:2002
Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), 5 Hz, 3µm amplitude, tension mode6 tensile dumbbells (BS ISO 37:2005 Type 2) conditions: 4.5 Hz, 100% and 250% strainTensile fracture -(Olympus LEXT/OLS 3000 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy-CLSM),
RRP-TB – 40 mesh
TGA
Fatigue setup
FTIR
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
5001000150020002500300035004000
Abso
rban
ce
Wavenumbers (cm-1)
698 cm-1890 cm-1
968 cm-1
Fracture surfaces from tensile test
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Control RRP-TB-10 RRP-TB-30
Filler particles
Crack lines
Crack lines
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
1
10
100
1000
10000
-100 -50 0 50 100
Tan δ
Stor
age
mod
ulus
, E '
(MPa
)
Temperature, oC
E' RRP-TB-0
E' RRP-TB-30
Tan delta RRP-TB-0
Tan delta RRP-TB-30
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 5 10 20 30
Fatig
ue li
fe (K
c)
RRP-TB (pphr)
100% strain
250% strain
REFERENCE
1. Martin, F, Recycling and Re-use of Waste Rubber [accessed on 6th November2016] ; Available from http://www.smithersrapra.com/publications/books