Ancient GreeceAncient GreeceΕλλάδα

Chapter 4

USA

Greece

EUROPE

Mediterranean Sea

Aegean Sea

GEOGRAPHY

Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula

GEOGRAPHY

Physical geography: mountainous

isolated Greeks from each other

GEOGRAPHYsmall groups encouraged participation in government

rivalry led to war

Greece

GEOGRAPHY

lack of farmland led to colonization, trade: built Byzantium

(Roman-Constantinople, modern Turkey-Istanbul)

Greece

Byzantium - Greeks

Constantinople - Romans

Istanbul – Turks (today)

Minoans

On the island of Crete

During the Bronze Age

Based on trade

MycenaeFirst Greek stateMade up of Indo-Europeans

Mycenae

On the mainland of Greece

Known as warriors

EARLY LITERATURE

Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word)

The Greeks adopted the idea of a character/letter for a sound (taken from the Phoenicians) instead of a picture or character for a word (like Egyptian hieroglyphics).

EARLY LITERATURELong poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem

EARLY LITERATURE

Most famous poet: Homer

most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey

EARLY LITERATURE

used to teach: values

striving for excellence: a r e t e

Ithaca

Troy

From the movie

Troy

POLISTown, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e

Assembly area, market: a g o r a

POLIS

Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s

Acropolis in Athens

Acropolis

Parthenon

The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.

The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.

POLIS Military - heavily armed infantry:

H o p l i t e s

shield, short sword, spear

Hoplites

HOPLITES

close formation with shields up:

p h a l a n x

phalanx

SPARTA

Warriors“well disciplined”: spartan

SPARTA pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth

SPARTA Weak were abandoned

“Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.”

Sparta

ATHENS

510 B.C.1. council of 500 made

laws2. free and open debate3. vote by assembly of all

male citizens

ATHENS 510 B.C.1. council of 500 made laws2. free and open debate3. vote by assembly of all male

citizens

D E M O C R A C Y

Athens

MARATHON490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army

on the plains of Marathon

Marathon to Athens: 26 miles

MARATHON Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed

MarathonAthens

Greece: dark green, Greek colonies: gray

Ancient Greek Empire