S e c t i o n 0

European Patients Rights

Day

Graphic Design: Emiliana Colucci, Fabio Salamida

W I T H T H E S U P P O R T O FW I T H T H E PAT R O N A G E O F

European Economic and Social Committee

PatientsRightsEuropean

yD 18 April

PATIENTS RIGHTS HAVE NO BORDERS

. 79 4 2010

3

E E : 1989 ISSN: 1105-8137 5 22 80 - - 2011

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iForce Communications ..

4 E ................................................................................................................5

4 : 30 !... ...............................6 4Andrea Palladio (Aliense): 16 .............................................................8 4Greece after the crisis: more or less European? ................................................................ 12 4 . 4 ................................................ 14 4 1821 ..................................................................................................................... 17 4 ........................................................................................ 19 . , . .

4 ......................................................................... 26 4 . ; ..................................................................... 28 4 Illegal economic immigration in Greece. Is it really a national matter?....................... 30 4 .......................................................................... 32

4 ........................................................................................................... 35 4 .................................................................................................... 37 4 ................................................................................................. 42

4 - : ............................ 45

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C o N t E N t S

EvroPAIkI EkrASSI q u A r t E r l y E d I t I o N o N E u r o P E A N I S S u E SF I r S t P u b l I S h E d : 1 9 8 9 I S S N : 1 1 0 5 - 8 1 3 7 E u r o 5 y E A r 2 2 v o l . 8 0 J A N u A r y - F E b r u A r y - m A r C h 2 0 1 1

ProPrIEtor - EdItIoN:

"European Society, Politics, Ex-

pression, Institutions", non Profit

making Company

54 omirou St., Athens 106 72

tel.: +30 210 3643224

Fax: +30 210 3646953

E-mail: ekfrasi@ekfrasi.gr

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EdItor - PublIShEr by lAW:

Nicos yannis

PublIShING dIrECtor:

Eleni katsampouka

dIrECtIoN:

katerina Androna

CoNtrIbutorS:

lycourgos Areteos

dionysis Gousetis

liana Gouta

Thanasis Grammenos

Ntina karydi

dimitrios kormas

maria lianou

Giorgos lignos

Stavros tsetis

tEChNICAl AdvISor:

hliea

PublIC rElAtIoNS

iForce Communications SA

4 ditorial.........................................................................................................................................5

EUROPEAN IDENTITY GREEK IDENTITY

4Greece: A state member of 30 years on the edge of a cliff!... ..........................................6Liana Gouta 4Andrea Palladio and Antonis vasilakis(Aliense): A meating of creation in venice at the end of the 16th century .......................................................................................................8Stavros Tsetsis 4Greece after the crisis: more or less European? ................................................................ 12Ath. Grammenos 4 In search of a thread: our European identity ................................................................... 14Giorgos Lignos 4 1821 and us .............................................................................................................................. 17Dionisis Gousetis 4 Interview with Thanos veremis .......................................................................................... 19Interview taken by N. Yiannis, G. Lignos and Nt. Karydi

OPINIONS

4how to restore calm in the Eu ............................................................................................. 26Felipe Gonzlez 4The economic governance of the Eu as a response to the crisis: First steps in the right direction? ......................................................................................... 28Maria Lianou 4 Illegal economic immigration in Greece. Is it really a national matter?....................... 30Maria Lianou 4A different approach to European defense industry on the basis of its contribution to economic development .................................................................. 32Dimitrios Kormas

PERMANENT COLUMNS

4What's going in Europe .......................................................................................................... 35 4Amalieo Ecotrofeo .................................................................................................................. 37By Lycourgos Aretaios 4 EuroPEAN EXPrESSIoN NEWS ................................................................................... 42

BOOK PRESENATION

4 ladi Stella - dalackou vasiliki: Public Policy Analysis ..................................................... 45

E d I t o r I A l 5

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marco boschini ricche miniere della Pittura veneziana (1674), - :

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museo Civico Correr Palazzo loredan.

. Noventa vicentina, Padova, treviso, duomo di Salo, San Pietro di Perugia, belluno. - uffici . - - (. - ), , -, ( -).

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Palladio (1508 1580) - - Padova.

ndrea di Piero - .

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10

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Aliense - Giovanni barbarigo Noventa vicentina , - Andrea Palladio.

(Scuola dei mercanti ..). - , .-------------------------------------------(1), (3) . . taschen/, 2006.(2) , -, , 1996. -: .

Antonio Corso, - , , , Iv, - - v, vI, vII .

oschini marco. la Carta del nagevar pittoresco, 1660.

- . , - , 2009.

():Armeni, Ebrei, Greci Stampatori a vene-

zia, venezia 11 Novembre 1989-30 Gen-naio 1990.

. , 15-16 . venezia, museo Correr, 1993.

Collezioni veneziane di Codici Greci, dal-le raccolte della biblioteca Nazionale marciana. venezia, 1994.

- . -. . - - 1999.

: -, Aliense (1556 1629). & 1993.

marton Paolo, Wundram manfred, Pape Thomas. Palladio: The complete buil-dings, taschen, 2008.

Palladio Andrea. I quattro libri dell Ar-chitettura. in venezia. domenico de Franceschi, 1570. riproduzione in Fa-scimile hoepli Editore SpA, 1990.

Puppi liionello: michele Sanmicheli, archi-tetto di verona. marsilio Editori, 1971.

ravegnani Giorgio. bizanzio e venezia. Il mulino, bologna, 2006.

ridolfi Carlo. le maraviglie dellArte, ov-vero le vite degli illustri Pittori vene-ti e dello Stato. descritte da Carlo ri-dolfi, 1648.

tafuri manfredo. Jacopo Sansovino e lar-chitettura del500 a venezia. marsilio Editori, Padova 1972.

vasari Giorgio: le vite dei piu eccelenti pit-tori, scultori e architetti. Grandi tasca-bili Economici Newton, 2007.

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Greece After The Crisis: More Or Less European?

by Athanasios Grammenos, PhD Candidate - University of Macedonia, President of European Expression Youth

Greece was founded in 1830, after a ten year war of independence against the ottomanEmpire. What is not well understood in the greek society is that within this period theGreeks fought two civil wars, they suffered the stie of the rebellion in the Peloponneseunder the Egyptian army, and the hostilities stopped only when the Great Powersinterrupted with a naval battle in the Navarino Gulf, determined to establish a christianstate in the Eastern mediterranean. however, the official greek version claims that therebels fought to glory against all odds and eventually they won.

This introduction was made to sug-gest that Greeks have a false percep-tion for boththemselves and the other world. today, the greek state does not wage a war ofindependence; it fights though, a battle of survival. There are many reasons for Greece tolive such a tragedy. Except for corruption, the on-ly commonly accepted, others blame thepoliticians, the World Wars, the Great Powers, even Germany for not having paid the warreparations. All these excuses avoid to blame the Greeks themselves.

The vice President of the govern-ment with his infamous comment we ate it together (onthe question where has been the greek capital) con-fessed in actual fact that bothpoliti-cians and the public did compromise a silent agreement to tolerate each oth-er'sbehavior if they are all satisfied. likewise, many mPs and ministers of both parties areengaged in severe scandals whilst thousands of citizens were hired in the broader publicsec-tor, or received several facilitations (see also korovinis 2008).

When Greece technically bank-rupt, in may 2010, the ImF and the Eu, no matter the falsegreek sta-tistics, the special privileges of some professional categories, the partialim-plementation of the European laws, and in principle the internal anarchy which was acacophony to the Euro-pean union and a structural danger for the Eurozone, agreed to pay for the greek debt, buying critical time. however, investing money in Greece is definitelynot a safe project so they demanded changes that will modern-ize the greek economy andwill make it viable. These changes, radical as they are, mean to cancel many benefits ofthe non-productive classes1.

on the one hand, these classes and a big part of the public opinion per-ceive the troika asa threat to their be-longings and on the other hand, the opposition, from the extreme rightto the communist left perceive the situ-ation as a foreign occupation. Indeed, most of thenewspapers give the im-

1 see also http://news.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_columns_2_20/01/2011_429383.

pression that Greece is not indepen-dent any more. The anti-ImFrhetoric and the euro-terror became obvious even in the local elections, when can-didatemayors declared a fight against the agreement between the govern-ment and the troika.

As Greece collapses steadily (the private sector remains frozen, the public sector huge and ponderous, the middle class trapped in the ination and the most exquisite scientistsand professionals emigrate), people protest and argue too much instead of producing. Neighboring turkey, for instance, has an amazing development rate and presses for morevital space (davutoglu 2010) which means that Greece is anyway in a very unpleasantsituation.

The question comes very naturally. under these circumstances, how will Greece be whenall this is over, pro or

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anti-European? of course immature political behavior along with aperma-nent syndrome to transfer responsibil-ities make the average Greek to blame Europefor his failure. mistakes have been done from brussels, berlin or Paris. but, the chances given to Greece since 1981 were tremen-dous and they could have settled a sustainableecon-omy and a prosperous so-cial life.

but, one should not neglect the populist decade of the 80s or the contemporary role of the radical left, which cultivates for years disrespect for the rule of law, the State and order, generally speaking. the political system has been a hostage to the ideology ofdeconstruction that the leftish wings declare, and also unprepared to reply even to actionsof direct challenge to its authority, such as the insurgency of december 2008 or theoccupation of public places and

university halls by illegal immigrants or illegal natives.

In addition, the populist extreme right and the church, stuck in an ortho-dox-nationalistrhetoric remains very

suspicious of the so called foreign fac-tor, promoting the religiousphobias according to which Greece, God's na-tion, is alone surrounded by enemies. Inthis unique extreme right-extreme left anti-European alliance, the main opposition party of New democra-cy has no ideological suggestion, still seeking its very own identity.

today, Greece is less European

than yesterday. The common identity, the political union,the infrastructure constructed with Eu funds and so ma-ny other positive changes areneglect-ed. Even Germany, the major contrib-utor to the Eu budget and to the greek rescueplan, is said to be responsible for that crisis2.

If Greece is rescued, the pain-ful memories of the rapid reforms as well as the loss ofcertain interests will challenge the european values, strong enough even if once upon atime ev-eryone was happy when Eu funding was owing to the country. If Greece fails, theexit will be unavoidable. The European family will not endanger its unity and prosperity inan unsta-ble global environment for Greece's sake and in this case the disappoint-ment willbe oriented towards Europe again. Greece, isolated and poor3 will possibly become and orbit of turkey, an emerging peripheral power.

Above all, Greece will become more and more autistic because people do not realize thatprosperity and social justice are provided exclusively from the rule of law and systematicwork, without exceptions. being practically heirs of the byzantine and ottoman tradition, itremains hard to adopt a western mentality. unless Greece acquires a

new constitution,separating de facto the three forms of power and the state from the church, and unless it makes a rigorous and honestreview of its history and identity, becoming a balkan district is one-way and along with this, less European.

2 (http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=230285

3 StrAtFor report June28, 2010.

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- - - .1 - 19 -.

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-, , , - .: . : . - , , , , : . - - . - , - - , . :... -; - - -, 22 ; , 22 - . - , loyd George, , , - . , , , , - , -. , , - , , , , -

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. , - . .: , - , - ;: . , : - - -fast track: - . . . , -, -;: , -, . - , , rousseau, John lock . - . - , . - . rousseau , karl Schmitt - . o .: - , . - - , -

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25

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, - .: -. , - , entrepreneur ( - -- - ).: , -. , , - , , -, - . - -. , . .: . - - , . Comparative federalism, , - . , - - ..: , , . - , . .

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27

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blogspot.com/2011/01/blog-post_1430.html

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; ,

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de Grauwe Paul, -

, , 62008

Glckler Gabriel, Euro area governance and the financial crisis: new quality or ash-in-the-pan? An EU fit for purpose in the global age, After the crisis: A new socio-economic settlement for the EU, roger liddle (edt), Policy Network, london 2009

hodson dermot, Emu and political union: what, if anything, have we learned from the euros first decade?, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 16, No. 4, 2009, p.p. 508-526

.., -, , 2008

liddle roger, From crisis to opportunity: Europes economic choices, An EU fit for purpose in the global age, After the crisis: A new socio-economic settlement for the EU, roger liddle (edt), Policy Network, london 2009

tsoukalis loukas, We cant go on like this: Greek debt crisis and the euro, ELIAMEP Special Paper, march 2010

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Illegal Economic Immigration In GreeceIs It Really a National Matter?

By Maria Lianou*

Greece, due to its geographic location, is the front line for migration to the European union. Illegal economic immigrants come to the country and stay permanently or temporarily until they manage to go to another European country. Greece is a gate for asylum seekers and migrants travelling overland through turkey from the middle East or South Asia into Eu. Africans immigrants arrive in the country in increasing numbers through the sea via Egypt. It is estimated, through arrests, that every year 250.000 illegal immigrants enter the country.

The majority of illegal econom-ic immigrants comes to Greece legal-

ly and afterwards violates the dura-tion for their vi-sas. Some enter the country with fake papers. many arrive in Greece with the help of smugglers be-longing to organ-ized crime. There are two main ways for illegal immi-grants to come to Greece; by land

crossing the Greek-turkish border and by sea to the islands of the East-ern Aegean. Crossing the Evros river at the Greek-turkish border is an ex-tremely perilous route and many have drowned in the river. Another hazard is the existence of a border minefield that is badly sign-posted. however, not all the illegal immigrants can afford a smuggler. many cross the river on their own. Sea passage is the second option. many come from turkey to Greece by

boat. The sea route is dangerous too. many persons have drowned in their effort to enter Greece. Those who manage to enter the country and then want to go to Western Europe usually use smuggling service by plane -that is using fake passports, by road-hiding in trucks usually through Albania, or by boat-hiding in the ferries going from Patras to Italy.

Illegal economic immigrants who enter Eu through Greece and then move into the union face the risk of forced return to Greece under the dublin system. The state of destination can transfer an asylum seeker to the state of his or her first entry, because, according to the dublin system, the latter is responsible for examining asylum claims. transfer is not mandatory. According to dublin II regulation (article 3 paragraph 2), the sovereignty clause permits a state to be responsible for an asylum application, even if the person could be transferred elsewhere.

but being the host country for in-creasing numbers of migrants and asy-lum seekers does not excuse Greeces abusive treatment of illegal migrants, including children and potential ref-ugees. migrants are often denied the opportunity to seek protection when they fall into the hands of Greek au-thorities near the countrys border

* PhD Candidate, Panteion University of Social and Political Science, Faculty of Social PolicyMA in European and International Studies, School of Law, Economic and Political Sciences, Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GreeceAdministrative employee for the Supreme Council for Personnel Selection (ASEP)

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with turkey. Police in the northern re-gion of Evros as well as in and around the Greek islands off the coast of tur-key do not make any distinction be-tween people seeking asylum and oth-ers. Greece recognizes less than 1 per cent of asylum claims. refugees often are treated as illegal immigrants lia-ble to detention and deportation. only in some cases the country gives them the required international protection. Even after being granted asylum, rec-ognized refugees do not have many changes to integrate into the Greek society.

Illegal economic immigrants living in Greece do not have cards or residence permits, so they are subject to arrest and deportation. most of them have previously been arrested, fingerprinted, detained and ordered to leave Greece, often multiple times. but they stay, sometimes for many years. They cannot go to another European country because they know they would be returned to Greece and be detained again. many of these fear returning to their origin countries because of the extremely dangerous situations in their homeland. People who do not have documents face many social problems in Greece. many are unemployed or are obliged to work in exploitative situations. They often live in poverty with inadequate food, health care, and shelter. many do not speak Greek and do not have any social contact with Greek people.

Greece, as a European and dem-ocratic country, is obliged to respect immigrants human rights. The new Greek government had adopted a more liberal administration of the immigra-tion issue. In march 2010, the Greek government voted the law 3838/2010 according to which integration is sup-ported by addressing nationality rights

of second generation immigrants.1

This issue has been tormenting the im-migrant community for years. howev-er, this move is not the outcome of a holistic migration policy. Therefore, it is not expected to lead to the struc-tural improvement of the manner in which immigrants are treated in the Greek society. As an effect of the eco-nomic crisis that has hit the country, this phenomenon will probably esca-late threatening the already bad eco-nomic and social structures with se-vere austerity measures.

The ow of illegal economic immi-grants in Eu and Greece is constant and is immovably increasing every year. The combat of this phenome-non is a real challenge for the Eu-27, since it involves many sensitive sec-tors such as human rights, political asylum grants, social cohesion, xen-ophobia, third market, labor market and, of course, the national security of the country. In Greece, illegal im-migrants are a significant percentage

1. law 3838/2010 Contemporary provisions for the Greek citizenship and the political participation of homogenous people and legal immigrants published in the official government gazette in 24 march 2010 (No. 49/2010). According to this law, homogenous people and legal immigrants have the right to vote and be elected in the municipal elections.

of the total immigrants living in the country. The inadequate and difficult border control, because of the vast sea border line, but also the inefficient na-tional immigration policy, permits the increase of the illegal economic immi-gration.

Immigration is a priority for the Eu and if it develops properly it can form a factor of economic and social development for all the Eu-27 countries. Immigration ows must be administrated under the assumption that the Eu needs immigrations in order to face its economic and demographic needs. There must be measures for the controlling acceptance and integration of immigrants. Strict borders controls cannot reduce the determination of the citizens of non-Eu countries to enter Eu territory. If there are no legal means for them to enter the Eu, the immigrants will find other, usually risky, ways to enter it in an illegal way.

Referencesbaldwin-Edwards martin (2008), Immigrants

in Greece: Characteristics and Issues of re-gional distribution, mediterranean migra-tion observatory Working Paper No. 10, Jan-uary 2008

European union (2010), A Chance and a Chal-lenge, Immigration in the European union (in Greek)

Eurostat, 110/2010, 27 July 2010ImEPo (2008), Estimate of the multitude of

immigrants who stay illegally in Greece, In-stitute of migration Policy, April 2008, Ath-ens

Iom International organization for migration (2008), migration in Greece: A Country Pro-file 2008

law 3838/2010, contemporary provisions for the Greek citizenship and the political par-ticipation of homogenous people and legal immigrants published in the official govern-ment gazette in 24 march 2010 (No. 49/2010)

Papadopoulou-kourkoula Aspasia (2008), Ille-gal Immigration: myths and realities, in Im-migration in Greece: Experiences-Policies-Perspectives, ImEPo 2008, vol. A (in Greek)

roubanis Ilia (2008), Challenges for the so-cial inclusion of the migrant population in Greece, in Ethnicity & migration, a Greek Story, martin baldwin-Edwards (Coordina-tor)

The flow of illegal eco-nomic immigrants in EU and Greece is constant and is immov-ably increasing every year. The combat of this phenomenon is a real challenge for the EU-27, since it involves many sensitive sectors such as human rights, political asylum grants, social cohesion, xenophobia, third market, labor market and, of course, the nation-al security of the country.

32

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handbook of defence Economics, Elsevier Science b.v, England.

35

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kevin boyle, who has died of cancer aged 67, was an internationally re-spected human rights lawyer, activist and academic. he had recently become emeritus professor of law at the university of Essex after more than two decades there as one of its leading scholars. From 1990 to 2003

and again in 2006-07, kevin was director of the universitys human rights Centre, developing it into a multidisciplinary powerhouse. At the same time, as a practis-ing barrister (he was called to the bars of Northern Ireland, the Irish republic and England and Wales, and from 1992 was associated with doughty Street Chambers in london), kevin brought many human rights cases before the European commis-sion and court of human rights.

The numerous cases against turkey that he and his Essex colleague Fran-oise hampson took on behalf of the kurdish human rights Project con-cerned the gravest violations: torture, murder and enforced disappearanc-es. In recognition of this work, the two colleagues were named lawyers of the year in 1998, an award made by liber-ty and the law Society Gazette to mark the 50th anniversary of the uN decla-ration of human rights. Such successful prosecutions became the raw material for scholars and practitioners to trace a fast-evolving field of international hu-man rights law.

They also laid a strong foundation of precedent which helped the European court of human rights to address sim-ilar atrocities perpetrated by russian forces in Chechnya.

kevin took a year away from teach-ing when, in 2001, the then uN high

commissioner for human rights, mary robinson, the former president of Ire-land, asked him to join her in Geneva as her senior adviser and speechwriter. his first day in office was 11 September 2001, when, after consulting colleagues around the world, he advised robinson to denounce the attacks on the World trade Centre as a crime against human-ity, rather than simply a violation of hu-man rights. After his return to Essex, kevin became chair of mi-nority rights Group Inter-national, an office he reluc-tantly had to give up when his health declined.

kevin was born in Ne-wry, County down, one of nine children of a North-ern Irish Catholic taxi driv-er, louis boyle, and his wife Elizabeth. his upbringing was traditional, strict Cath-

olic: he was educated by the Christian brothers and served as an altar boy, but when in 1961 he went to study law at queens university belfast, the sectar-ian outlook gave place to broader hu-manitarianism.

After graduation in 1965 and a di-ploma in criminology from Cambridge in 1966, kevin became a lecturer at queens and by 1968 was active in the Northern Ireland civil rights movement. he was a spokesman for the Peoples de-mocracy group, formed by students pro-testing at the repression of civil rights demonstrations, and later centred his activities on the Northern Ireland Civil rights Association, of which he became an executive board member.

together with his colleague and friend Professor tom hadden, kevin spent his time during the troubles ex-ploring avenues for the peaceful reso-

lution of the conict, pre-senting some of their ideas in their book, co-authored with Paddy hillyard, law and State: The Case of Northern Ireland (1975).

In 1972 kevin went to yale university for a year of intellectual renewal, return-ing first to queens and then in 1978 becoming the first full-time staff member of the

Kevin Boyle was active in the Northern Ireland civil rights movement during the 1960s.

kevin boyleInternationally respected human rights lawyer and academic

36

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law school of university College Gal-way (now the National university of Ireland, Galway). In 1976 he had mar-ried Joan Smyth, a language teacher, and both came to regard their years in Gal-way, raising their two sons, as a magi-cal time.

There, kevin founded the Irish Cen-tre for human rights in 1980, bringing in new full-time staff and enticing his many friends in the field to visit Galway and share their experience with the stu-dents. he also became active in inter-national human rights work, going on several missions for Amnesty Interna-tional, including a trial observation in the Gambia and a major two-year study of South Africas pass laws. In this con-text, observation was sometimes com-plemented by practical humanitarian-ism: shocked by the oppressive system and its impact on poor migrant labour, kevin himself paid the fines of poor

women he witnessed on trial in a mag-istrates court for breaching the pass laws by travelling in search of their hus-bands.

In 1986 kevin was appointed found-ing director of Article 19, the interna-tional non-governmental organisation promoting freedom of expression and of the press, which he led to prominence and stability. In this capacity he initiat-ed a high-profile campaign on behalf of Salman rushdie, whose novel The Sa-tanic verses had provoked a fatwa from the Iranian leader Ayatollah khomeini. kevin formed and chaired a special in-ternational committee in 1989 that de-veloped a world statement in support of rushdie with some 12,000 signatures, 2,500 those of writers, many of them fa-mous names in world literature.

That year kevin became professor of law at the university of Essex, with its already prestigious human rights

law Centre established by Professor malcolm Shaw. None of his high-pro-file activity on the international stage diminished kevins commitment to his students, many of whom now work in institutions concerned with human rights throughout the world, and who hold kevin in affectionate esteem as teacher and mentor. Approaching re-tirement brought a spate of honours, but he counted as his most cherished acco-lade a festschrift with contributions from students and colleagues present-ed to him in September last year.

he is survived by Joan, sons mark and Stephen, four brothers and three sisters.

Christopher kevin boyle, legal scholar and barrister, born 23 may 1943; died 25 december 2010.

: http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2011/jan/02/kevin-boyle-obituary

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