I S B N : 9 7 8 - 9 7 4 - 8 0 7 2 - 7 6 - 0
.
ISBN 978-974-8072-76-0Website http://www.moph.go.th/ops/health_50
1,000
()
ThailandHealth Profile 2 .. 2538
.. 2548 - 2550 2 (SARS) Tsunami
.. 2548 - 2550
1
2
3
4
5
6 .
7 . .
8 .
9 . .
10 .
11 .
1 11.
1.1 (.. 2325 - ..2394) 11.2 21.3 4
(.. 2460 - .. 2472)1.4 4
2. 9
2 131. 132. 143. 154. 155. 16
3 211. 212. 213. 23
4 351. 362. 443. 52
4. 655. 696. 947. 1038. 104
5 1571. 1572. 1703. 239
6 2491. 2502. 2793. 2944. 3025. 3156. 3217. 325
7 3351. 3352. 3373. 3424. 344
8 3791. .. 2545 3792. .. 2544 3843. 3924. 397
()
9 403
1. 4032. 414
10 4211. . 4222. . 4233. . 4254. . 4255. 4266. . 4277. . 4288. 428
11 4311. 4312. 4313. 4324. 4335. / 4356. 439
441 Thailand Health Profile 2005-2006 454
()
44.1 .. 2505 - .. 2549 404.2 414.3 .. 2535 - .. 2548 464.4 .. 2538 - .. 2563 484.5 49
.. 2543 - 25474.6 51
2543 - 25494.7 65 58
7 14
4.8 .. 2536 - .. 2549 614.9 64
.. 2535 - ..25494.10 .. 2544 66
.. 25474.11 (Human Development Index) 68
.. 2533 - .. 25474.12 .. 2539 - .. 2547 704.13 .. 2544, 71
.. 2546, .. 2547, .. 2548 .. 25494.14 72
.. 2541, .. 2543, .. 2545 .. 25484.15 .. 2533 - .. 2547 734.16 .. 2535 - .. 2548 744.17 .. 2535 - .. 2549 784.18 79
.. 25424.19 .. 2542 794.20 .. 2537 - .. 2549 82
()
4.21 / ..2517 -.. 2549 844.22 86
.. 2546 - 25494.23 .. 2547 - 2549 874.24 88
.. 2529 - .. 25484.25 .. 2538 - .. 2549 904.26 .. 2547 914.27 .. 2535 - .. 2549 924.28 .. 2549 934.29 .. 2546-2548 954.30 99
.. 2540 - .. 25494.31 .. 2541 - .. 2549 1014.32 2544 - 2549 1024.33 10 ( (Disability 105
Adjusted Life Years-DALYs) 3 ) .. 25434.34 DALYs .. 2542 .. 2547 1064.35 15 108
4.36 111
( 35-59 )4.37 112
..2527,.. 2532,.. 2537 .. 2543 - .. 25444.38 (DMFT) 112
.. 2527, .. 2532, .. 2537 .. 2543-25444.39 () 1144.40 11 1154.41 - 1164.42 .. 2531 - .. 2549 1194.43 .. 2519 - .. 2549 120
()
4.44 11 121 .. 2542, .. 2544, .. 2546,.. 2547 .. 2549
4.45 11 123
4.46 124.. 2534 - .. 2549
4.47 .. 2531 - .. 2549 1274.48 128
.. 2534 - .. 25494.49 11 128
4.50 .. 2539, 129
.. 2544, .. 2546, .. 2547 .. 25494.51 ..2532-..2549 1314.52 () 132
.. 2535 - .. 25494.53 (prevalence) 133
(adjusted prevalence) 4.54 .. 2536 - .. 2549 1344.55 135
.. 2530 - .. 25494.56 / 136
.. 2528 - .. 25424.57 137
.. 25444.58 138
.. 2544 .. 25464.59 .. 2530 - .. 2547 1394.60 141
.. 2530 - ..2547
4.61 142.. 2530 - ..2545
4.62 143.. 2544, 2547
4.63 1434.64 144
.. 2539 - .. 25404.65 145
.. 2544 .. 25474.66 14 1464.67 14 147
4.68 ( : ) 155
55.1 1585.2 (Life Expectancy at Birth) 1595.3 5 1,000 161
.. 2523, .. 2544, .. 2545,.. 2546 .. 2547
5.4 .. 2534 - .. 2549 1655.5 .. 2517 - .. 2545 1665.6 () 167
.. 25445.7 Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) Loss 167
.. 2547 5.8 (DALYs loss) 169
.. 2547 5.9 171
.. 2525 - .. 2549
()
5.10 172.. 2520 - .. 2549
5.11 (episode) // 5 1755.12 () 1765.13 () 1775.14 , .. 2546 191
.. 25635.15 .. 2546 - .. 2549 1965.16 197
.. 2544 - .. 2549 (.. 2549)5.17 .. 2533, .. 2536, .. 2539, 199
.. 2542 .. 25435.18 .. 2536, .. 2538-2540 200
.. 2541-2543 5.19 .. 2540 2005.20 2526 - 2549 2015.21 201
.. 2547 .. 25495.22 100,000 202
.. 2536, .. 2539, .. 2542 .. 25435.23 .. 2547 2065.24 213
.. 2527- .. 25495.25 214
.. 2539 - .. 25495.26 216
.. 2533-..25495.27 .. 2540 - .. 2546 2185.28 Cholinesterase 222
.. 2535 - .. 25495.29 100,000 .. 2540 - .. 2549 226
()
5.30 0-5 229.. 2532 - .. 2546
5.31 0-6 .. 2547 - .. 2549 2295.32 () 234
.. 2537 .. 25455.33 () 234
.. 2537 .. 25455.34 235
.. 2528 - .. 25415.35 2365.36 2375.37 239
100,000 .. 2528 - .. 25495.38 2405.39 () 2415.40 2445.41 .. 2507 - 2549 2445.42 (Odds ratio) 247
66.1 2540 - 2546 2596.2 2540 - 2549 2596.3 264
2537 -25496.4 .. 2530 - .. 2546 .. 2549 2706.5 .. 2548 2786.6 .. 2550 2806.7 .. 2549 2826.8 .. 2549 2846.9 .. 2522, .. 2530, .. 2539 - 291
.. 2546 .. 25496.10 .. 2539 - .. 2548 292
()
6.11 () 296.. 2526 - .. 2548
6.12 2986.13 301
(Discrepancy index) .. 25496.14 CT Scanner 301
(Discrepancy index) .. 2537 .. 2541 - .. 25496.15 .. 2523 - .. 2548 () 3046.16 306
.. 2523 - .. 2548 ()6.17 307
.. 2523 - .. 2548 .. 25316.18 3086.19 () .. 2524 - .. 2547 3146.20 .. 2534, 2539, 2544 315
.. 2546 - 25496.21 .. 2534, 316
2539, 2544, 2546, 2547 .. 25496.22 .. 2534, 327
.. 2539, .. 2544 .. 2546-25496.23 .. 2535 - 2547 3326.24 333
10 .. 2547
77.1 ... 3517.2 354
..25497.3 355
/ .. 25497.4 () 358
/ .. 2549
()
7.5 3637.6 .. 2543 - .. 2550 3657.7 .. 2545 - 2550 3677.8 2541 - 2550 () 3697.9 370
.. 2522- .. 25507.10 / 377
.. 2535- .. 25507.11 / 378
.. 2535 - .. 2549
88.1 .. 2545 3838.2 .. 2545 3878.3 391
.. 25458.4 394
( ) .. 2547
99.1 415
1010.1 . 1 . .. 2536 - 2549 42210.2 . 424
10.3 . 42610.4 . 427
()
11
1. 4
1.1 (.. 2325 - .. 2394) 1 3
1.1.1 1 ( .. 2325 - .. 2352)
1.1.2 2 ( .. 2352 - .. 2367)
.. 2359
1.1.3 3 ( .. 2367 - .. 2394)
1
22
.. 2371 5 3 (DanBeach Bradley) .. 2378 .. 2381
.. 2392 (Samuel Reynolds House)
1.2 4 6
1.2.1 4 ( .. 2394 - .. 2411)
3
1.2.2 5 ( .. 2411 - .. 2453)
.. 2429 .. 2431 .. 2432
33
- .. 2432 .. 2438
- .. 2439
- .. 2440
- .. 2448
- .. 2450 2
-
1.2.3 6 ( .. 2453 - .. 2468)
.. 2454
.. 2455 .. 2457
.. 2459 .. 2459
.. 2460 .. 2461 2
27
.. 2463 .. 2463 8 .. 2465 .. 2466
44
1.3 (.. 2460 - .. 2472)
(C.P.H) (cum laude)
1.4
1.4.1 7 ( .. 2468 - .. 2477)
.
.
.. 2469
13
55
1.4.2 8 ( .. 2477 - .. 2489)
( 3) .. 2485 .. 2485 - 2486 2
1.4.3 9 ( .. 2489 )1)
..2535 .. 2544 Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Franklin Delano Roosevelt International DisabilityAward 26 2549 (UNDP Human Devel-opment Lifetime Achievement Award) 60
(1)
.. 2498 3 .. 2502
66
20,000
.. 2502 ..2549 254 49 74 7 5 7
(2) .. 2497
175,064.75 1
(3)
100 1 .. 2535 28 .. 2540
/ 2
.. 2535 .. 2548 41 / 20 21
77
1 Professor Barry Marshall
(4) .. 2534
1)
(Lindbergh Award) 16 .. 2538 Charles A and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation
2)
(1) .. 2499
(2) .. 2506
(3) .. 2510
(4) .. 2512 ..
88
(5) .. 2516 .. 25 ..2519 .. ..2539
(6) .. 2517 1
.. 2529
(7) . 21 (8) .. 2535 500,000
750,000
.. 2533 21 ..2543 100
3) 21 ()
4)
99
5) UNESCO
6)
(..) 18 .. 2538 WHO/SEARO AWARD (WHO) 19 .. 2546
7)
1 .. 2534
2
.. 2548-2553
1010
2.1
1. 2548-2551 2 10
2.
3. 25494.
60 5. (
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7.
9048.
48 62
9. :
10. 33
11.
12. 13.
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-
- -
-
-
-
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1111
14.
15.16.17.18.
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2. 80
3. 60
4. 60
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6. 60 80
7. 40 8. 50
75
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9. . 50
10.
11. 4
12.
13. 21
-
-
-
-
-
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2.1
2
1. (Continental Southeast Asia)
( 2.1)
1414
514,000 3 8,031 5,326 2,705 1,840 865
7
2. 2.1 3
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.2 3 2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
1515
3. 62,829,000 .. 2550 98.1
( 94.5)
( 4.5) ( 0.7) ( 2.2)
4.
.. 2399
: ..2548, , 2549: 15
2.2
94.5%
0.1%
4.5% 0.7%
0.2%
1616
1 (.. 2504 - .. 2509) 10 (.. 2550 - .. 2554) (WTO) 1 2538
7.8 3 .. 2529-2533 10.5 .. 2534-2538 8.3 .. 2539-2540 (IMF) 17,200
.. 2540 1.7 ..2540 10.8 .. 2541 .. 2542-2543 4 .. 2544 5 .. 2545 IMF 31 .. 2546 2 ..2548-2550 4.5-5.0 ( 4.2) 3
2550 2550
4.5 3.5 3.1 1.3
5.
.. 2540 11 2540 3 (.) (.)
.. 2549
1717
200 (400 ) (Party list) 100 .. 2540
.. 2534 5 (.. 2545) 3 ( 2.3) 2549 .. 2540 242 2,000 200 100 6 2550
5.1 5.1.1 ,
5.1.2 5.1.3 ..
2545 20 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20)
1818
156 10
5.2
75 / 796 /81
5.3
4
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42
2020
21
(All for Health)
1. .. 25401
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6. ( 57 )
2. .. 2540
1 19 2549 () .. 2549 .. 2550
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82 35 16 6 13
2.2 4 71, 79, 80 81
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2) 79 5 2 2 1
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4) 81
23
1
3. .. 2540
(MDG) MDG Plus (All for Health)
3.1
3.1
4
(.. 2550-2554)
(MDG Plus)
All for Health
5
3.1 10 (.. 2550 - 2554)
1)
24
10
2)
(1) (2)
(3)
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(5) (6)
3)
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5) 10 (..2550-2554)(1)
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(4)
25
6) 10(..2550-2554)
10
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
(6) (7)
(8)
(9) (10)
7)
6 ( 3.2) 1 2 3
4 5 6
26
3.2
8) 1 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
: 10 .. 2550-2554 25 2550 2, 2550
1 :
2 :
3 :
4 : 5 :
6 :
: &
27
2 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
3
(1)
(2) (3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
4 (1) (2)
28
(3) (Healthy PublicPolicies) (Health Impact Assessment)
(4) /
5 (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
6 (1)
29
(2)
(3)
(4)
3.2 4 2 (.. 2548 - 2551)
1) ...
.. 2546 4 10
2)
3) 53
11 6 13 8 12 3
4) 1
4 1
2 . ..2546 2550
30
2
3
4
3.3 4 .. 2548-25513
1)
.. 2546
2)
3) 4 .. 2548-2551 7
1
2
3 4 2550
31
3
4
5
6
7 3
4) 4 .. 2548-2551 28 12 3 2 1 2 2 5 1
5) 4 .. 2548-2551 7
1 2 3
4 5 6 7
3.4 (.. 2547 - 2558)
1)
(Healthy) 4 (Physical Health) (MentalHealth) (Social Health) / (Spiritual Health) 6 . 3.3
32
3.3
2)
3) / 17 (3.1) (Physical Health)
(3.1.1) 6
(3.1.2) GMP (GoodManufacturing Practice)
(3.1.3)
: , , 2548
( )
/( )
63
33
(3.1.4) (3.1.5)
3.5 (Millenium Declaration)1)
.. 2543 189 (Millenium Declaration)
2) (MDG)
8 48 .. 2558
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .. 2547
10 MDG Plus
- 4 .. 2552- .. 2549
.. 2558-
.. 2545-2549- 15 1,000 .. 2549
34
- .. 2548 - 2558
- 18 100,000 .. 2549
- .. 2548-2558
- HIV 1 .. 2549- 30 1.4
1,000 .. 2549- 8
.. 2554- 30 .. 2549
35
4
( 4.1)
4.1
/ /
/
//
36
1.
1.1 3 .. 2540
7 28 .. 2529 .. 2540 7 1.7 .. 2540 10.8 .. 2541 (4.2) ( 4.3) 4.2 .. 2542 7.1 .. 2546 4.5 .. 2550
: : P , e
4.2
..
-15
-5
5
10
0
-10
15
7.24
2504
-250
8
2514
-251
8
2529
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325
24-2
528
2519
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3
2509
-251
3
2534
-253
8
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
8.21 7.11 7.27
5.46
10.488.28
5.5
-1.7
-10.8
4.2 4.62.1
5.47.1p 6.3p 4.5p 5.0e 4.5e
37
4.3 .. 2503 - .. 2549 ()
1.2
( 4.4) .. 2533
: : 1. P , e
2. .. 2537
..0
2503
2507
2513
2519
2521
2517
2515
2511
2509
2505
2523
2525
GDP / capita
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2547
2549
2,238.7
25,09
.927
,79.4
35,25
.738
,58.1
40,77
.044
,56.2
69,29
.881
,60.6
11,04
4.514
,260.7
48,987.161,414.9
17,35
5.519
,606.1
21,52
8.4
124,9
97.4e
76,70
2.275
,268.2
79,70
2.887
,134.3 10
8,793
.2P11
4,203
.2P
10,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,000
100,000110,000120,000130,000140,000
38,786.328,602.4
38
4.4 .. 2503 - .. 2549
1.3 57.0 .. 2505
14.7 .. 2539 .. 2540 14.7 .. 2539 20.9 .. 2543 9.6 .. 2549 ( 4.5) 3 ( 4.1)
: 4/2549,
..0
20
40
60
2503
30
50
10
2507
2513
2519
2521
2517
2515
2511
2509
2505
2523
2525
70
2527
2529
2531
2533
2535
2537
2539
2541
2543
2545
2547
2548
2549
12.52 14.1
13.98
13.72 14.99
39.79
47.72
37.13
48.77
33.49
52.53
36.5
49.78
31.51
53.5
15.95
25.89
58.16
18.14
25.36
56.23
19.15
27.01
53.84
19.68
26.68
53.64
20.0
24.5
55.5
23.24
21.51
60.13
21.32
55.25 59
.5218
.55
60.2
60.46
60.361.3
57.98
23.88
60.7
60.09
25.84
54.3P
22.91 27
.16
28.1
28.3
27.5
12.3
12.75
17.57
15.66
16.18
58.4
58.1
57.7
57.5
56.7
54.8P
55.2P
55.0P
28.8 35
.0P
29.4 31.2
32.0 33.4 33.9
34.8
34.5P
34.8P
10.6
11.0 10.9
10.7P12.2
10.7
10.3
9.1 9.4 10.4 10.3P
10.2P
39
4.5 .. 2505 - .. 2549
: .. 2505/2506-2518/2519 , Income, Consumption and Poverty in Thai-land, 1962/63 to 1975/76... 2531-2549
:
..0
20
40
60
2505
/250
6
30
50
10
57
31.0
42.239.0
2518
/251
9
2535
2541
2543
2539
2537
2533
2531
2511
/251
2
28.433.7
2545
2547
18.9
14.7
17.520.9 14.9
11.2
2549
9.6
40
4.1 .. 2505 - .. 2549
.. 2505 49.8 56.7 .. 2539 7.9 .. 2505 4.2 .. 2539 ( 4.6) .. 2537-.. 2539
: .. 2505/2506-2518/2519 , Income, Consumption and Poverty in Thai-land, 1962/63 to 1975/76.. 2531-2549
2505/2506 38 61 572511/2512 16 43 392518/2519 14 35 31
2531 23.7 49.7 42.22533 20.5 39.2 33.72535 12.1 35.3 28.42537 9.9 22.9 18.92539 6.8 18.2 14.72541 7.1 21.9 17.52543 8.6 26.5 20.92545 6.4 18.9 14.92547 4.6 14.2 11.22549 3.6 12.0 9.6
..
41
4.2
: Human Development Report, 2006
(2545) 55.2 4.2 13.2 (2541) 49.0 5.0 9.8 (2540) 54.3 4.4 12.3 (2545) 43.3 8.4 5.1 (2543) 52.3 5.4 9.7 (2545) 45.4 7.5 6.0 (2540) 47.6 6.9 6.9 (2543) 43.3 8.1 5.3
() 20% 20%
20% 4.2 .. 2539 3.9 .. 2543 20% 56.7 57.6 .. 2544-.. 2547 .. 2549 12.2 .. 2547 14.8 .. 2549 ( 4.2)
42
4.6 5
: (1) .. 2505-2535
(2) .. 2537-2549
: .. 2545 6 12
2547..
20% 7.9 6.05 5.41 4.55 4.51 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 3.8 20% 49.8 49.26 51.47 55.63 55.0 57.3 59.5 57.7 56.7 56.5 58.5 57.6 55.4 55.2 54.9 56.3 6.3 8.1 9.5 12.2 12.2 14.0 15.6 14.4 13.5 13.5 15.4 14.8 13.2 13.2 12.2 14.8
2505 2518 2524 2529 2531 2533 2535 2537 2539 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545
..0
7.9
(
)
20
40
60
4.2
2505
30
50
10
70
56.5
4.2
49.8
6.05
51.4755.63
49.26
3.93.84.2
2524
2529
2535
2541
2543
2539
2537
2533
2531
2518
20 %
57.6
55.4
55.2
5.41 4.55 4.51
4.1 3.8 4.0 4.2
55 57.3 59
.557
.756
.7
54.9
4.5
2545
2547
58.5
20 %
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)(1) (1) (1)
(1)
(1) (1) (1) (1)(1)
(2) (2) (2)(2) (2) (2)(2)(2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)(2)(2) (2)
2549
3.8
(2)
2549
(2)56.3
43
1.4
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area), APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Coopera-tion), ASEM (ASIA-Europe Meeting) , 6 NAFTA (North America Free Trade Area), EC (European Community) (World Trade Organization :WTO) (Anti dumping duty : AD) / (Countervailing duty : CVD)
WTO ASEAN
1. 3.8 GDP .. 2523
6.14 GDP .. 2548 2.1 .. 2547 6.4 .. 2535 .. 2544 ( 6 )
2. / 6.7 .. 2514 20.5 .. 2539 .. 2544 .. 2548 131.7 ..2543 4.0
3. ( 6 )
44
4. 440.1 .. 2540 640.6 .. 2549 ( 5 )
5. 7.7 .. 2544 6.7 .. 2544 8.3 .. 2550( 7 )
6.
2.
2.1
2.1.1 15
78.6 .. 2513 93.5 .. 2548 ( 4.7) ( 67.0) 10 2 1 6.5 .. 2548 .. 2553 15 97
1 UNDP. Human Development Report, 2005.
44
4. 440.1 .. 2540 640.6 .. 2549 ( 5 )
5. 7.7 .. 2544 6.7 .. 2544 8.3 .. 2550( 7 )
6.
2.
2.1
2.1.1 15
78.6 .. 2513 93.5 .. 2548 ( 4.7) ( 67.0) 10 2 1 6.5 .. 2548 .. 2553 15 97
1 UNDP. Human Development Report, 2005.
45
62.8
4.7 15 .. 2513 - .. 2553
: (1) .. 2513, 2523, 2533 2543 , (2) .. 2537 - .. 2540, .. 2544 .. 2546 UNDP, Human Development Report,
1997-2003(3) .. 2548 ..
2548-2549, (4) UNESCO, Principal Regional Office for Asia and Pacific, Literacy in Asia And the
Pacific.
2.1.2 60.0 ..
2548 ( 4.3)
..0
20
40
60
100
80
120
78.687.2
21.412.8
93.1 93.5
93.8 94.7
2523
2533
2540
2546
2553
2548
2544
2543
2539
2538
2513
95.0
92.6
92.6 93.5
95.7
6.9 6.5 6.2 5.3 5.0 6.9
4.3 7.4 6.5 3.0e
97.0e
2537
(1)(1)
(1)(1) (1) (1)
(1)(1)
(2)(2)(2)(2) (2)(2) (3) (4)
(2)(2)(2)(2) (2)(2) (3) (4)
46
4.3 .. 2535 -.. 2548 :
: ( 3) ,
: 15 6
.. 2546 35.4 61.2 .. 2548 40.9 69.1 ( .. 2548, )
2.2
2.2.1 ,
( 4.8)
2548 57.1 60.0 61.7 65.4 67.5 68.6 70.0 70.8 71.2 36.5 41.0 42.2 46.9 49.4 50.8 52.9 54.6 54.3
41.0 48.2 49.4 52.1 52.4 53.2 58.6 59.7 62.3 36.2 38.6 40.7 43.5 46.6 48.2 49.9 51.8 50.0 39.6 44.1 45.0 51.0 54.8 55.7 56.5 58.3 56.0 43.6 47.5 48.5 53.8 56.3 58.7 58.7 60.7 62.5 61.6 64.8 66.8 72.1 73.1 73.7 75.7 75.9 76.4
42.3 47.1 48.5 53.0 55.3 56.6 58.7 60.1 60.0
2535 2539 2540 2542 2544 2545 2546 2547
47
4.8 2537-2549
: ,
15 6.6 .. 2539 8.6 .. 2548 ( 4.9) .. 2549 59.9 .. 2563 39.9 14.0 .. 2549 22.5 .. 2563 ( 4.4)
..70
80
110
2538 2539 2540 2541 2547 2548 2549
87.390.184.9
90
100
2537
91.2 88.3 88.089.9
92.7
120
2542 2543 2544 2545 2546
130
90.092.5
97.293.2
86.4
78.1
87.2
80.5
81.0
80.8
82.088.283.1
80.2
80.2
82.5
81.184.880.7
83.3
82.186.0
92.892.592.2
96.2
94.595.7
91.5 86.8
94.4
48
2.2.2
..2547 ( 4.5)
4.4 .. 2538-.. 2563
: (1).. 2538-2549 .. 2538-2549 3,
(2).. 2553-2563 ,
: * .. 2538-2549
78.0 75.2 69.8 66.3 63.8 61.4 59.9 55.9 39.9 8.9 10.1 12.0 12.7 13.7 13.8 14.1 14.7 14.6 3.3 3.6 5.0 6.2 7.2 8.1 8.8 8.7 14.3 4.7* 4.8* 5.0* 3.4* 3.3* 3.3* 3.2* 6.6 8.7 5.1 6.2 8.2 11.3 11.9 13.4 14.0 14.1 22.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2563(2) 2538(1) 2540(1) 2542(1) 2544(1) 2546(1) 2548(1) 2549(1) 2553(2)
4.9 .. 2539-.. 2548
: : .. 2539-2546 15
.. 2547 15-59
..0
2
8
2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548
7.1 7.26.8
4
6
2539-2541
7.4 7.6 7.88.4 8.6
10
49
4.5 .. 2543-2547
: - Human Development Report 2003- Human Development Report 2006- .. 2547
2543 / 2544 2547
WHO/SEAR 1.00 NA NA 1.00 NA NA 1.01 1.13 NA 1.00 1.15 NA 0.99 0.96 0.77 0.98 0.99 0.79 1.02 1.05 0.55 1.03 1.11 0.50 0.93 1.01 1.12 0.97 1.01 1.17 NA NA 0.66 0.94 NA 0.66 0.99 0.95 1.75 1.01 0.95 1.77 0.87 NA 0.27 0.87 NA 0.41 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAASEAN 1.00 1.11 1.08 1.00 1.14 1.41 0.94 NA 0.74 0.94 NA 0.77 1.01 1.18 1.10 1.02 1.20 1.28 0.99 0.96 0.77 0.98 0.99 0.79 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.96 NA NA 1.74 0.93 1.01 1.12 0.97 1.01 1.17 0.90 0.59 0.38 0.96 0.73 0.45 0.92 0.81 0.59 0.73 NA 0.80 0.99 0.95 1.75 1.01 0.95 1.77 1-10 1.00 1.01 1.52 1.00 1.01 1.54 1.00 1.05 1.74 0.98 1.04 1.78 1.01 1.03 1.24 1.01 1.01 1.23 1.00 NA 1.27 1.00 1.06 1.28 0.99 1.04 1.52 1.00 1.03 1.55 1.00 1.01 1.35 1.00 0.99 1.36 1.00 1.01 0.85 1.00 1.01 0.89 1.01 1.02 1.32 0.96 1.02 1.39 0.99 0.95 0.78 1.00 0.93 0.20 0.99 1.00 1.07 0.99 1.01 1.08
50
2.3
50 ( 4.6) 6 .. 2545-2549 4 ( 4.10)
4.10 .. 2538- .. 2549
: , : 5
..0
5
20
2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549
4.6
109.4
13.811.75
6.8
11.7511.75
15.4
9.75
11.6710.2511.0
7
11.4
15.6
7.0
7.6
14.613.6
8.75
14.75
12.4
7.2
13
6
7
9.8
15.816.2
13.67
10
15
2538 2539 2540 2541
7.5
13.0
16.4 16.817.8
16.518.0 18.75 18.4
15.216.2
15.8 14.816.0 16.8
13.012.2
11.69.8
15.211.8
11.211.0
13.013.0
8.811.2 10.4
11.411.0
14.215.0
11.814.0
14.815.413.211.411.2
8.256.4
51
4.6 2543-2549
: - , - ,
: 1. .. 2544-.. 2545 3
2. .. 2543 - .. 2547 3
3. .. 2546 4. *
1. 2544 46.9 NA 54.3 49.62545 49.9 NA 50.6 47.42546 41.7 42.4 45.2 41.12547 43.8 41.6 44.2 37.32549 38.9 43.2 42.7 34.5
2. 2543 31.2 40.4 53.0 38.92544 32.4 NA 46.3 38.92545 39.1 NA 46.7 45.32546 35.0 38.1 54.0 37.92547 34.8 37.2 38.3 32.32549 31.1 39.3 43.9 30.8
3. 2546 34.0 48.8* 44.5 39.12548 28.5 34.0 48.6 29.82549 29.6 34.9 50.3 32.4
()
- 2543 38.3 43.1 37.22544 41.7 39.6 38.72546 38.9 38.3 40.72547 41.6 46.1 39.9
52
1.
( 4 )
2. .. 2549 59.9
3.
3.1
14.4 .. 2513 81.1 .. 2549 ( 2 ) 3.2 .. 2513 0.41 .. 2549 0.53 .. 2563 ( 4.11) .. 2568 72.3 ( 4.12) 0-14 ( 4.13) .. 2553 ( 4.14) ( 4.15) 20 .. 2553-2573 .. 2553 2
4 60 ( 4.7)
(Active Ageing)
2 65 7-14 14
52
1.
( 4 )
2. .. 2549 59.9
3.
3.1
14.4 .. 2513 81.1 .. 2549 ( 2 ) 3.2 .. 2513 0.41 .. 2549 0.53 .. 2563 ( 4.11) .. 2568 72.3 ( 4.12) 0-14 ( 4.13) .. 2553 ( 4.14) ( 4.15) 20 .. 2553-2573 .. 2553 2
4 60 ( 4.7)
(Active Ageing)
2 65 7-14 14
53
4.11 .. 2513-.. 2563
: (1) .. 2513 , 2513(2) 3- 8 (3) .. 2548/2549 .. 2548-2549,
(4) .. 2553-.. 2563 .. 2533- ..2563,
..0
0.5
1.5
2.5
.. 2
513
1
2
33.5
2.52.1
1.7
0.87e0.53e
4
5
6
2563
2553
2548
-254
9
8
3
7
3.2
1.41.1
0.80.41
54
4.12 .. 2568
: .. 2543-.. 2568
: .. 2548 .. 2549 .. 2550 2550 (1 ) ,
4.13 .. 2480 - ..2568
: - .. 2480, 2490, 2503, 2513, 2523, 2533 2543
- .. 2548 .. 2548-2549
- .. 2553, 2563 2568 .. 2543 - ..2568
..04.8
20
40
60
80
2480 2490 2503 2513 2523 2533 2543 2568
4.2 4.5
43.1
62.1
24.330.6
66.162.256.2
38.345.1
52.4
42.342.4
2563
2553
2548
19.018.0
18.9
16.8
64.367.166.0
21.223.1
11.710.99.54.8 5.4 7.2
0-14 15-59 60
5053.552.7
30
50
70
10
..50
55.8
()
56
62
68
7456
.625
3525
3425
33
59
65
71
53
7757
.3 58.1 59
.658
.9 62.2
67.069.1
70.8 72.3
62.4 62.8
62.8
2536
2537
2538
2543
2547
2549
2550
2553
2558
2563
2568
2567
2565
2561
2559
2557
2555
2545
2539
2541
2548
2551
55
4.14 .. 2480-.. 2568
: - .. 2480, 2490, 2503, 2513, 2523, 2533 2543
- .. 2548 .. 2548-2549
- .. 2553-.. 2568 .. 2543-.. 2568,
..07.8
20
40
60
80
2480 2490 2503 2513 2523 2533 2543 2568
7.8 8.8
82.761.1
36.846.1
51.257.7
77.8
68.1
90.3
91.5
81.179.1
100
120
2563
2553
2548
32.228.9
29.6
26.1
55.749.1
51.431.7
34.917.416.514.49.8 9.7 11.6
0-14 100.1
86.886.8
56
4.15 ..2503, ..2533, ..2543, ..2553, ..2563 ..2568
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
15-19
70+
0-4
30-3445-49
60-64
15-19
70+
0-4
30-3445-49
60-64
15-19
70+
0-4
30-3445-49
60-64
15-19
70+
0-4
30-3445-49
60-64
15-19
70+
0-4
30-3445-49
60-64
15-19
70+
0-4
30-34
45-49
60-64
.. 2503 .. 2533
.. 2543 .. 2553
.. 2563 .. 2568
57
4.15 ..2503, ..2533, ..2543, ..2553, ..2563 ..2568 ()
: - ..2503, ..2533 ..2543 , - ..2553 ..2563 ..2568 ..2543-
..2568, - United Nations (1999). World Population Prospects : The 1998 Revision, Volume II :
Sex and age.
15-19
70+
0-4
70+
30-34
0-415-19
30-3445-49 45-49
60-64
60-64
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
15-19
70+
0-4
30-34
45-49
60-64
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
58
4.7 65 7 14
: World Population Prospects, The 2002 Revision Volume I: Comprehensive Table, UnitedNations. , : 6 ,
- .. 2408 .. 2523 115- .. 2429 .. 2514 85- .. 2484 .. 2556 72- .. 2467 .. 2530 63- .. 2512 .. 2537 26
- .. 2543 .. 2563 20- .. 2543 .. 2560 17- .. 2553 .. 2573 20- .. 2545 .. 2570 25
7 14
3.2
3.2.1
( 4.16) 3.4 .. 2547 .. 2563 3.09 ( 4.17)
59
6.1
4.16 .. 2503-2553
: , , 25 4 .. - .. 2548
4.17 .. 2563
: - .. 2503-.. 2543 , - .. 2544-.. 2547
- .. 2553-.. 2563 ,
..0
5.6
2
4
6
8
2503
4.4
3.09e3.4e3.8
5.25.7
3.6 3.5 3.4
2513
2523
2533
2543
2544
2545
2547
2553
2563
..1
74.9
10
100
1,000
2503
70.6 50.060.272.9 67.525
13
2523
2533
2543
2553
23.0
2.0
24.0
2.9
25.1
4.7
26.2 29.6
10.0 16.433.5
()
60
3.2.2
1,066 7-9 43 1-3 3 10.5 .. 2537 25.1 .. 2549 .. 2537 492,683 .. 2537 355,460 .. 2549 ( )
1) .. 2541-2542 ( 4.8)
3 . , 2546
61
4.8 .. 2536 - .. 2549
: : 2548
2) 2,279 .. 2547 1 5 ( 20.9) ( ) 8.7 6.5 ( 47.1 )
2536 5,605 30.33 2,141 51.302537 5,748 31.19 2,200 49.112538 5,736 31.22 2,311 51.602539 5,896 32.25 2,504 53.502540 6,049 33.38 2,624 53.832541 6,341 35.15 2,619 51.472542 6,262 35.00 2,652 50.332543 6,096 34.42 2,896 53.412544 6,151 35.11 2,804 49.942545 6,110 35.24 2,884 49.332546 6,192 35.71 2,991 51.162547 6,035 35.43 2,860 49.752548 6,102 36.05 2,497 42.002549 4,366 25.92 1,390 22.78
.. 100,000 100,000
62
3.2.3
.. 2545 3-5 // 53.3 28.6 Real Parenting .. 2549 21-40 2-12 388 30.2 .. 25494 3-5 39.3 .. 2535 75.0 .. 2549 ( 4.18)
4.18 3-5 .. 2535-.. 2549
: ,
4 (). Real Parenting 2549
..2535
0
39.3
102030405060708090
2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549
45.8 49.1
68.6375.0274.9574.4476.7571.2372.5174.2974.84
79.55
60.2556.9
63
1-18 .. 2544 9,488 6 63 6-18 ( , 10 ., 2546)
3.3
3.3.1
31.13 .. 2543 .. 2563 38 ( 4.19)
: .. 2543-2568,
4.19
..2543
0
20
40
60
80
100
2548 2553 2558 2563
31.13
68.87
32.55
67.45
34.27
65.73
36.14
63.86 62.00
38.00
64
.. 2540 .. 2540 37.2 13.4 .. 2545 33.0 19.2 .. 2549 35.6 14.4 ( 4.9)
4.9 .. 2535-..2549
: .. 2535, 2537, 2540, 2545, 2548 2549 , .. 2535, 2537, 2540, 2545, 2548 2549,
: 1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.6 33.6 26.8 12.4 11.8 13.6
.. 2535 15.5 NA NA NA NA NA.. 2537 15.0 78.4 9.8 10.0 6.9 14.4.. 2540 13.4 74.1 10.5 8.8 5.9 15.9.. 2545 19.2 67.0 21.1 14.1 9.6 18.6.. 2548 11.7 67.5 13.4 9.5 5.8 14.8.. 2549 14.4 64.9 18.2 10.7 6.3 15.2
1 0.6 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 29.7 - 31.2 28.8 26.9 43.5
.. 2535 32.2 NA NA NA NA NA.. 2537 33.4 - 28.2 38.1 47.0 20.9.. 2540 37.2 - 32.0 39.6 55.5 20.3.. 2545 33.0 - 24.9 38.0 47.2 24.3.. 2548 39.1 - 24.6 42.0 55.5 23.7.. 2549 35.6 - 22.9 44.5 50.3 26.8
1 2.1 - 0.4 3.0 4.2 0.4
65
(Mega city)
3.3.2
61,056 .. 2533 202,296 .. 2538 160,846 .. 2549 ( ) ..2549 705,293 539,416 ( 76.5) 90,073 ( 12.8) 75,804 ( 10.7) 20,000-90,000 () .. 2546
3
4.
4.1
(Child Watch) .. 2546 60
65
(Mega city)
3.3.2
61,056 .. 2533 202,296 .. 2538 160,846 .. 2549 ( ) ..2549 705,293 539,416 ( 76.5) 90,073 ( 12.8) 75,804 ( 10.7) 20,000-90,000 () .. 2546
3
4.
4.1
(Child Watch) .. 2546 60
66
4.2
.. 2548 15 43.5 / 54.9 65.7
( 4.10)
4.10 .. 2544 .. 2547
: .. 2544, 2547, : 10
- / 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.7- 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9- , 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.5 1.8 2.4- 1.8 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.7 2.2- 1.6 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.9- 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6- / 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
( : )
2547
( : )
( : )
2544 2547 2544 2547 2544
67
4.3 UNDP (United Nation Development Program)
Human Development Index : HDI () .. 2533 74 (HDI = 0.715) 173 4 .. 2538 74 .. 2533 59 174 (HDI = 0.838) 3 ( 4.22) HDI
.. 2541-2547 (HDI = 0.745-0.784) 59 66-76 174 4 10 ( 4.11)
68
.. 2
533
/
4.
11
(H
uman
Dev
elopm
ent I
ndex
)
.
. 253
3-.
. 254
7
:
Huma
n Dev
elopm
ent R
eport
, 199
3-20
06
/
.
. 2538
/
.
. 2541
.. 2
542
.. 2
544
/
/
.. 2
546.
. 2547
/
/
WH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
ARWH
O/SE
AR
741
0.715
59
10.8
38
741
0.768
66
10.7
57
741
0.768
73
10.7
78
741
0.784
86
20.6
63
902
0.716
99
30.7
30
813
0.735
99
30.7
30
932
0.751
93
20.7
55
112
40.4
97
953
0.683
86
20.7
51
772
0.739
86
20.7
51
963
0.745
98
30.7
39
108
30.5
15
964
0.679
11
24
0.682
10
24
0.677
1
124
0.682
11
04
0.697
10
84
0.711
123
50.3
90
13
15
0.481
131
60.5
49
11
86
0.551
131
60.5
49
12
96
0.578
130
60.5
81
13
46
0.309
139
60.4
51
12
75
0.590
115
50.5
71
1
275
0.590
127
50.6
02
12
65
0.611
159
90.1
50
15
59
0.347
136
70.5
11
13
08
0.471
136
70.5
11
13
47
0.536
135
70.5
38
15
28
0.170
152
80.3
51
14
39
0.499
129
70.4
8
1
439
0.499
136
80.5
26
13
89
0.527
147
70.1
89
14
77
0.371
139
80.5
02
13
29
0.47
139
80.5
02
13
99
0.520
137
80.5
30
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
N
431
0.849
28
10.8
96
241
0.881
26
10.8
76
281
0.884
2
51
0.907
25
10.9
16
44
20.8
47
35
20.8
80
32
20.8
48
32
20.8
57
31
20.8
72
3
32
0.866
342
0.871
5 7
30.7
90
604
0.834
61
30.7
72
563
0.774
58
30.7
90
61
30.7
96
613
0.805
74
40.7
15
593
0.838
76
40.7
45
664
0.757
74
40.7
68
734
0.778
74
40.7
84
92
50.6
03
98
60.6
77
77
50.7
44
70
50.7
49
85
50.7
51
84
50.7
58
84
50.7
63
115
70.4
72
122
70.5
60
108
60.6
71
101
60.6
82
109
60.6
88
108
60.7
04
109
70.7
09
108
60.5
15
965
0.679
10
97
0.670
10
27
0.677
1
127
0.682
11
07
0.697
10
86
0.711
123
80.3
90
13
18
0.481
125
80.5
85
11
88
0.551
131
90.5
49
12
98
0.578
130
90.5
81
148
100.1
86
140
100.4
22
136
90.5
12
121
90.5
41
13
08
0.556
13
09
0.571
12
98
0.583
141
90.2
46
13
69
0.465
140
100.4
84
13
110
0.476
135
100.5
25
13
310
0.545
133
100.5
53
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1
10.9
83
11
0.960
1
10.9
35
11
0.939
1
10.9
44
11
0.963
1
10.9
65
22
0.982
2
20.9
46
22
0.934
22
0.936
22
0.942
22
0.956
22
0.960
3
30.9
79
33
0.943
33
0.929
3
30.9
36
3
30.9
41
3
30.9
55
3
30.9
57
4
40.9
78
4
40.9
43
4
40.9
29
4
40.9
36
4
40.9
39
4
40.9
49
4
40.9
56
5
50.9
77
5
50.9
42
5
50.9
27
55
0.935
5
50.9
38
55
0.949
55
0.951
66
0.976
66
0.942
66
0.926
66
0.934
6
60.9
37
6
60.9
49
66
0.950
77
0.972
7
70.9
41
77
0.925
77
0.932
77
0.937
77
0.947
77
0.949
8
80.9
71
8
80.9
40
88
0.925
8
80.9
31
88
0.937
88
0.946
88
0.948
9
90.9
70
9
90.9
39
9
90.9
24
9
90.9
28
9
90.9
32
99
0.945
99
0.947
10
100.9
64
10
100.9
36
1010
0.918
1010
0.925
1010
0.932
1010
0.944
10
100.9
47
69
5.
5.1
5.1.1 1)
.. 2548 182,848.726 64,156.169 118,692.557 4 1,889
175.9 146.3 .. 2552 2 4
5,359.6 2)
.. 2549 7 11
3) 5
10,143 / 8,685 / 36.5 .. 2549 30 100
5.1.2
.. 2549 7,073,450 40,052,612 112.6 1,000 637.5 1,000 .. 2549 66 1,000 ( 4.12) 30 .. 2534 8.46 .. 2549 13.5 14,226.2 .. 2549 ( 4.13) ( 4.12 4.14)
70
4.12 .. 2539-.. 2547
: IMD. The World Competitiveness Yearbook, 1999 2006. : 1. * .. 2546
2. ** .. 25493. 1,000 .. 2548
498.4 529.0 484.1 472 432 147.5 229 381.45 761.1 894.7 233 316 390.9 596 601 192.5 192.5 219.3 206 174 88.4 101.9 145.05 372.9 571.2 53 65 94.5 137 216 78.6 85.5 101.9 99* 112.6** 27.8 34.5 138.6 346.8* 637.5** 22 28 40.4 43 66 30.7 42.7 37.9 46 42 12.9 17.7 36.97 189.1 398.5 11 13 19.5 25 42 17.8 24.7 29.1 34 45 3.0 5.4 9.83 48.5 134.8 6 9 13.4 13 19 684.1 685.4 694.5 750 715 281.8 358.1 590.08 900.3 1,084.7 286 353 510.4 687 776 636.6 625.6 709.8 701 606 161.9 205.6 314.87 496.9 621.1 403 450 538.9 739 778 564.9 609.1 711.9 754 472 296.1 383.0 627.03 787.0 1,036.0 307 363 506.8 657 743
1,000
1,000
1,000
2539 2540 2542 2545 2547 2539 2540 2542 2545 2547 2539 2540 2542 2545 2547
71
4.13 .. 2544, .. 2546,.. 2547, .. 2548 .. 2549
: - .. 2544 2546,
- () 1 .. 2547,
- () 3 .. 2548,
- () .. 2549,
: (1) 11 (2) 6
.. 2549(2)
3,536,001 6,163.7 6,031,300 10,434.1 6,971,528 11,891.8 7,084,201 11,990.6 8,465,823 14,226.2 2,341,433 12,361.5 3,807,900 19,897.3 4,155,737 21,427.9 3,807,055 21,230.5 4,242,901 23,370.9 1,194,568 3,108.7 2,223,400 5,750.2 2,815,791 7,177.6 3,277,146 7,964.0 4,222,921 10,211.6
1,234,542 16,774.1 2,005,700 26,862.3 1,999,943 26,585.4 1,630,752 25,895.8 1,774,375 27,961.7 830,389 6,322.6 1,336,300 10,077.3 1,517,514 11,212.0 1,706,396 11,857.5 2,028,575 13,906.6 516,114 4,988.6 1,003,200 9,682.4 1,210,949 11,423.6 1,285,577 11,902.9 1,581,412 14,656.7 559,193 2,937.4 1,070,100 5,586.5 1,485,725 7,687.2 1,660,707 8,411.9 2,103,780 10,599.5 395,763 5,283.3 616,000 8,147.4 757,396 9,914.3 800,769 10,200.5 977,680 12,316.2 5.7 9.5 11.1 11.4 13.5 (%)
.. 2544(1) .. 2546(2) .. 2547(2) .. 2548(2)
72
4.14 .. 2541,.. 2543, .. 2545 .. 2548
(2549) 4.0 8.42 10.63 14.66 22.2 43.9 54.4 71.8 0.55 1.85 2.31 2.42 18.3 44.6 51.9 53.9 1.1 3.46 4.35 4.88 18.3 48.7 59.6 70.3 0.55 1.49 2.06 3.20 15.3 39.0 52.7 78.4 3.0 6.4 11.6* 13.21 14.3 28.8 51.8 59.9 14.0 47.08 56 86.3 10.8 37.2 44.1 67.7 2.0 16.4 25.6 33.9 4.6 34.5 53.8 69.4 (2549) 0.67 2.3 4.8 8.46 1.1 3.7 7.7 13.5 0.4 3.7 5.7* 11.02 2.0 16.9 25.1 41.2 0.2 2.0 4.5 7.82 0.3 2.4 7.7 8.7 (2549) 1.5 22.5 45.8 123.0 0.1 1.7 3.5 9.3 0.1 1.45 4.4 16.0 0.1 0.6 1.9 7.3 0.4 5.0 7.0* 60.6 < 0.1 0.5 0.6 4.6 (2549) 0.15 0.04 0.4* 13.10 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.5 15.4
% ()2541 2543 2545 2548 2541 2543 2545 2548
Cable TV ( 4.15)
: - Internet Users Worldwide, 2001-2002- The World Fact Book, 2006-2007
: 1.
2. * .. 2544
= x 100
73
4.15 .. 2533-.. 2547
72.6 70.8 75.5 68.9 63.6 61.3 80.3 88.7 91.6 93.0 5.8 10.1 21.9 29.2 23.9. 3 79.4 80.3 86.6 80.8 78.3 80.7 83.8 90.4 92.5 93.5 24.5 33.1 59.2 59.6 50.7 . 81.2 81.1 85.5 76.2 68.6 84.6 89.3 92.9 94.0 95.2 16.5 29.4 49.8 40.8 39.7 76.0 74.6 78.5 - - 70.8 86.3 90.5 - - 4.2 12.2 28.7 - -- 69.8 67.0 71.4 64.1 58.5 53.6 77.6 87.6 90.6 92.2 0.9 2.4 9.3 11.0 12.9
.. 2546 54.7 ( 94.5) 24.8 ( 24.8) . 100
: .. 2533, 2537, 2541, 2545, 2547
: .. 2543
2533 2537 2541 2545 2547 2533 2537 2541 2545 2547 2533 2537 2541 2545 2547
74
5.1.3 1) .. 2548 99.0 (68,375 )
721 ( 1.0) 4.16
4.16 .. 2535-.. 2548
2) .. 2549 97.4 ( 4.20) .. 2549 97.5
: 2535-2548 . 2.,
: 1 2
2535 59,354 54,719 92.2 2,466 4.2 2,169 3.62537 59,059 55,590 94.1 1,675 2.8 1,794 3.02539 60,215 57,523 95.5 1,198 2.0 1,494 2.52542 63,230 56,483 89.3 5,678 9.0 1,069 1.72544 66,193 60,128 90.8 4,698 7.1 1,367 2.12546 68,496 60,613 88.5 7,096 10.4 787 1.12548 69,096 64,807 93.8 3,568 5.2 721 1.0
..1 2
()
()
()
75
4.20 .. 2503-.. 2549
(1)
( 5 2.6 )
(2)
5.2
15,000 25,000 7,800 15 ( 10, ) 14 684
: .. 2503-2543 .. 2544, .. 2546 .. 2548 2544, 2546, 2548, .. 2549 . 2549,
..
120
80
60
40
20
0
100
1.630.18.52 13.56
92.25
23.06
65.96
92.474.42
2503
93.21 95.49
95.47
95.51
95.34
94.6 96.9
97.4
2508
2513
2518
2523
2528
2533
2538
2539
2546
2548
2549
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
76
188 29 .. 2547 /
5.3
5.3.1
2549 24 2540 10 24 2535-2549 ( 4.21)
77
4.21 10 24 .. 2535-.. 2549
:
.. 2549 36 20 10 24 ( 24 = 120/..) 298.2
. . 1 .. 2539-2541 51 16 .. 2542 - 2549 10 252.6 /.. .. 2549
10 6 2,330 9,626 28,009.6 2,000 65.0 6 5
5 .. 2545-2547, 109-110.
..
10
24
(
/.
.)
450
207
350
300
250200
150
10050
0
400
114
49
21
80
30
174
7129
265
79
23
416
84
19
387
89
10
251.3
81.6
9.4
349.8
244.4
80.1
13.3
341
79.9
27
268.6
67.621.3
208.9
57.8
9.3
61.412.7
224.8
78.5
21.5
216.0
64.1
12.2
224.8
78.5
21.5
120 /..
2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549
78
4.17 .. 2535-.. 2549
:
5.3.2
49 4 .. 2535-2549 6.25 .. 2535 36.67 .. 2545 21.0 .. 2549 18.75 .. 2535 53.0 .. 2549 ( 4.17)
.. 2535-2548 11.68 .. 2537 61.0 ..2548 71.0 .. 2549 ( 4.17)
2535 6.25 18.75 75.00 0.00 0.00 5.88 17.65 76.472536 8.33 19.44 61.11 11.11 0.00 12.50 50.00 37.502537 4.35 32.61 60.87 2.17 3.65 8.03 33.58 54.742538 10.87 21.74 56.52 10.87 4.17 15.28 36.11 44.442539 9.43 30.19 56.60 3.77 0.00 15.28 31.94 52.782540 20.75 35.85 37.74 5.66 3.70 16.67 31.48 48.152541 30.19 49.06 15.09 5.66 19.44 26.39 27.78 26.392542 20.75 35.85 39.62 3.77 12.04 24.07 34.26 29.632543 27.78 38.89 27.78 5.56 15.63 31.25 31.25 21.882544 18.52 40.74 33.33 7.41 31.94 22.22 26.39 19.442545 36.67 20.00 40.00 3.33 8.33 31.94 27.78 31.942546 32.0 31.00 31.0 6.0 25.0 32.0 13.0 30.02547 23.0 51.0 21.0 5.0 6.0 17.0 6.8 10.02548 17.0 49.0 29.0 5.0 35.0 26.0 35.0 4.02549 21.0 53.0 23.0 3.0 3.0 26.0 48.0 23.0
..
79
.. 2542 23 0.02% 7.59 ( 4.18) 4.96 2.64 ( 4.19)
4.18 .. 2542
6.97 0.17 0.46 7.59() 0.45 0.06 0.03 0.53 14.34 0.06 0.54 14.94
() 21.75 0.28 1.03 23.06
: Supakankunti Sripen, Pirus Pradithavani, and Tanawat Likitkererat, Valuing Heatlh and Eco-nomic Costs of Water Pollution in Thailand .. 2544 (), , 2001
4.19 .. 2542
: Supakankunti Sripen, Pirus Pradithavani, and Tanawat Likitkererat, Valuing Heatlh and Eco-nomic Costs of Water Pollution in Thailand .. 2544 (), , 2001
4.69 4.5 2.28 24.0 6.97 0.03 9.7 0.14 32.5 0.17 0.24 4.5 0.22 31.5 0.46
4.96 2.64 7.59()
80
6 (Leq) 24 24 7 .. 2542- 2543, 113-1148 .. 2542-2543, 113-114
4.22 (Leq) 24 .. 2540-.. 2549
:
5.3.3
.. 2540-..2549 17 11 (Leq)6 24 ( 4.22)
Dr. Andrew W. Smith7 80 Schuttz (1978)8 70 22-95
..2540
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549
70 dBA
82.379.7 79.3
81.478.4
77.380.5
77.6
88.786.8
83.781.7
86.3
90.5
80.6
88.290.3 89.8
88.1
83.6
81
5.3.4
.. 2537-.. 2546 60.3 38.5 1.2 .. 2549 7.4 3.7 ( 4.20) .. 2547 9,000 13.9 .. 2549 23 215 3
( 5 2.7 )
82
4.
20
..25
37-
..25
49
2549
(
)
2537
2538
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
:
:NA=
Not
Avail
able
..25
44
..25
47
..25
47
1.
4,8
74,11
55,0
20,61
14,8
22,04
24,6
02,19
75,0
06,91
96,0
31,92
75,5
47,46
76,3
56,87
26,7
85,32
06,6
99,36
37,1
18,63
97,4
58,18
3
83
9,228
966,3
461,0
50,32
783
6,241
1,080
,753
1,777
,212
1,200
,203
1,331
,981
1,527
,059
1,623
,335
1,786
,195
1,797
,061
2,1
52,44
82,3
91,86
22,1
59,14
12,2
75,28
32,2
80,27
12,3
62,79
72,3
13,65
72,6
40,46
62,8
66,07
73,1
63,52
13,4
22,21
43,4
73,08
7
111,4
6899
,302
100,1
5168
,971
87,42
710
7,855
104,8
0612
5,674
137,6
7916
4,592
155,0
3315
7,177
47,11
229
,628
37,62
421
,051
24,86
632
,018
133,2
5837
,672
87,63
264
,803
44,87
343
,097
42
,843
49,01
644
,878
33,05
836
,785
34,06
635
,157
35,98
438
,608
45,33
544
,814
42,70
9
69
2,895
656,8
3562
2,876
571,3
7671
2,857
787,6
8174
4,459
875,1
6794
7,317
1,054
,543
1,071
,108
1,072
,864
54,56
458
,399
64,30
751
,666
91,40
182
,987
80,68
291
,422
104,9
5111
3,774
123,5
8913
3,590
93
3,557
769,2
2374
2,738
744,5
5169
2,559
847,3
1193
5,245
1,218
,506
1,075
,997
469,4
6047
0,799
738,6
982.
3,0
47,57
63,1
88,23
53,0
33,19
02,9
05,71
03,6
10,58
33,3
78,73
93,5
10,83
73,7
36,76
74,7
87,32
03,9
93,17
43,6
66,43
23,7
82,88
6
29,71
832
,248
42,24
032
,197
48,99
550
,272
54,42
867
,414
69,73
299
,841
78,65
410
1,901
3,0
17,85
83,1
55,98
72,9
90,95
02,8
73,51
33,5
61,58
83,3
28,46
73,4
56,40
93,6
69,35
34,7
17,58
83,8
93,33
33,5
87,77
83,6
80,98
53.
90
,562
84,51
595
,225
68,47
589
,595
116,3
3313
9,078
132,4
9015
9,910
NANA
NA
7,886
9,732
10,59
26,9
2910
,574
13,72
613
,240
19,23
919
,958
NANA
NA
&
3,2
823,7
523,7
632,9
383,8
445,2
235,3
975,5
905,7
835,1
116,1
006,5
26
15,74
74,7
345,0
183,2
534,2
356,5
5718
,043
6,069
6,517
NANA
NA
48
,934
54,30
855
,700
43,01
055
,563
67,38
180
,376
75,16
394
,774
14,89
518
,146
30,38
1
14
,713
11,98
920
,152
12,34
515
,379
23,44
622
,022
26,42
932
,878
22,93
723
,952
25,67
3
8,012
,253
8,293
,361
7,950
,457
7,576
,382
8,707
,097
9,526
,999
9,197
,382
10,22
6,129
11,73
2,550
NANA
NA
(
)NA
+3.5
- 8.9
- 4.7
+14.9
+9.4
-3.4
+11.2
+14.8
NANA
NA
83
5.3.5 0.9 .. 2533
1.8 .. 2549 1.4 77.8 0.4 22.2 .. 2548 20
5.4
5.4.1 1,587 .. 2537
1,802 .. 2540 2,696 .. 2549 13.5 49.6 .. 2549 439,235 34.1 (919 ) 21.4 (577 ) 44.5 (1,200 ) ( )
(.) .. 2549 90.6 .. 2536 98.5 .. 2549 69.4 .. 2535 89.3 .. 2544 97.3 .. 2549
20 5 3,031.3 .. 2527 10,476.55 .. 2549
5.4.2 36.2 (.. 2549) 55.6
13.7 ( 37.8) 22.5 ( 61.2)
2 .. 2519 4.7 .. 2536 .. 2537 2.4 . 2549 44.9 100,000 .. 2522 11.19 100,000 .. 2546 17.55 .. 2548 ( 4.21) 9.46 ..
84
4.21 / ..2517-..2549
2549 ( 4.23) 1.3 100,000 4 100,000 ( , , 2539)
()
..
%
()
()
()
()
: ,
2517 272,848 3,200 1.2 95 34.8 - - 401 146.9 2,704 991.02518 349,814 4,605 1.3 2519 496,700 10,136 2.0 2520 570,000 15,335 2.7 2521 590,640 19,134 3.2 209 35.4 9 1.5 1,119 18.9 17,797 3,013.22522 659,041 24,370 3.7 296 44.9 8 1.2 1,104 16.8 22,962 3,484.12523 745,513 25,334 3.4 294 39.4 13 1.7 1,191 16.0 23,836 3,197.32524 797,270 27,723 3.5 314 39.4 10 1.3 1,275 16.0 26,124 3,276.72525 824,565 28,323 3.4 279 33.8 14 1.7 1,085 131.2 26,945 3,267.82526 873,059 33,213 3.8 272 31.2 5 0.6 514 62.3 32,422 3,713.62527 994,190 39,182 3.9 315 31.7 20 2.0 1,305 131.3 37,542 3,776.12528 1,091,318 39,119 3.7 315 28.9 18 1.7 1,159 106.2 37,627 3,447.82529 1,179,812 37,445 3.2 285 24.2 10 0.8 978 82.9 36,172 3,065.92530 1,232,555 42,811 3.5 315 25.6 10 0.8 1,158 93.9 41,328 3,353.02531 1,346,203 48,912 3.6 282 20.9 7 0.5 1,179 87.6 47,444 3,524.32532 1,661,651 62,766 3.8 373 22.5 15 0.9 1,582 95.2 60,796 3,658.82533 1,826,995 80,065 4.5 640 35.0 30 1.6 1,509 82.6 77,886 4,263.12534 2,751,868 102,273 3.9 581 21.1 9 0.3 2,141 77.8 99,542 3,617.32535 3,020,415 131,800 4.4 740 24.5 15 0.5 2,010 66.5 129,035 4,272.12536 3,355,805 156,543 4.7 980 29.2 10 0.3 5,436 161.9 150,122 4,473.52537 4,248,414 186,394 4.4 863 20.3 23 0.5 4,548 107.0 180,960 4,259.52538 4,903,736 216,525 4.4 940 19.2 17 0.4 5,469 111.5 209,909 4,280.62539 5,425,422 245,616 4.5 962 17.73 18 0.3 5,042 92.93 239,574 4,416.12540 6,084,822 230,376 3.8 1,033 16.97 29 0.4 5,272 86.64 224,042 3,681.92541 5,418,182 186,445 3.4 784 14.47 19 0.3 3,692 68.14 181,956 3,358.12542 5,679,567 172,087 3.0 627 11.04 14 0.2 3,437 60.51 168,009 2,958.12543 5,417,041 179,566 3.3 620 11.45 16 0.3 3,516 64.91 175,414 3,238.22544 5,884,652 189,621 3.2 607 10.31 20 0.3 3,510 59.65 185,484 3,152.02545 6,541,105 190,979 2.9 650 9.94 14 0.2 3,424 52.54 186,891 2,857.22546 7,033,907 210,673 3.0 787 11.19 17 0.2 3,821 54.32 206,048 2,929.352547 7,831,463 215,534 2.7 861 11.00 23 0.3 3,775 48.20 210,875 2,692.662548 8,225,477 214,235 2.6 1,444 17.55 19 0.2 3,425 41.64 209,347 2,545.102549 8,537,801 204,257 2.4 808 9.46 21 0.2 3,413 39.97 200,015 2,342.70
85
4.23 .. 2517-.. 2549
:
2.8 .. 2542 33.2 .. 2545 39.9 .. 2548 ( ..2542, 2545 .. 2548, )
94
5.4.3 1)
.. 2548 1,035
..
2520
2517
2523
2526
2529
2532
2535
2538
2541
2544
2547
2549
0
10
0,000
( 100 )
10
20
30
40
50
0
1
2
3
4
5
1.21.3
2.73.2
3.7
44.9
35.439.439.43.4
3.4 33.83.5 3.8
3.93.7
3.2
3.53.6
3.8
4.5
3.9
4.44.7
4.44.4
4.5
3.83.4
3.0
3.33.22.93.02.7
2.6 2.4
9.46
17.55
11.011.19
9.9410.31
11.4511.0416.97
17.7319.2
20.3
29.224.5
21.1
35
14.47
22.5
20.9
25.624.2
28.9
31.731.2
86
15 44.2 .. 2549 (Clean Food Good Taste) 60.2 (37,393 62,140 ) 65.2 (56,767 87,075 ) 59.6 (928 1,557 )
.. 2546-2549 6 ( 4.22)
4.22 .. 2546 - 2549
: ,
1. 2,132 96.0 1,111 115 10.4 8,515 731 8.5 2,997 65 2.22. 3,256 10.0 4,812 83 1.7 46,785 935 2.0 14,338 2 0.013. 2,099 7.2 4,315 206 4.8 45,614 1,260 2.8 15,378 88 0.64. 3,184 42.0 6,695 46 0.7 64,138 538 0.8 31,287 160 0.55. 2,471 10.0 3,800 46 1.2 38,342 735 1.9 13,743 206 1.56. 2,268 20.3 8,437 508 6.0 80,540 4,383 5.4 82,049 2,580 3.1
(2546) 2547 2549
()
()
()
4.0-8.2 2.9 ( 4.23)
87
4.35 100,000 .. 2519 216.26 100,000 .. 2549
: - , - ,
4.23 .. 2547-2549
()
1)
2)
3)
4) 12
,, ,
903
2,048
1,746
79,343
74 ( 8.2) 677( 33.1) 40 ( 5.9) 376( 21.5) 11 ( 2.9) 18,407 (23.2) 737 ( 4.0)
2548
2548
2547-2549
2546-2549
88
: 1. .. 2529 .. 2538 3 4
2. .. 2543 .. 2543, 3. .. 2544 .. 2544,
4. .. 2548 ..
2548-2549, : * 1
2) .. 2529-2544
.. 2548 ( 4.24)
4.24 .. 2529 - .. 2548
3,181 809 3,260 4,069 5,291,871 10,645,933 15,937,804 27,183 143,904 171,087 50,000 32,000 82,000() NA 23.4 8.2 11.2 40.6 9.2 19.5 35.5 9.7 13.7 48.8 20.0 29.0 15.8 27.6 9.4 13.0 36.4 16.8 23.2 26.1 16.1 17.7 36.0 15.3 21.7 39.2 42.2 52.2 50.2 16.1 51.0 39.6 27.5 51.3 47.6 10.7 49.6 37.4 / 26.2 27.0 52.5 47.4 6.7 21.9 16.9 9.7 21.8 19.9 3.7 14.2 11.0 / 19.0 0.9 2.7 2.3 0.2 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.2
*
..2529
.. 2538
.. 2543 .. 2544 .. 2548
}
89
.. 2538-.. 2548 70 ( 4.25)
.. 2538 - 2549 71.7 . 57.3 ( 4.24)
65-93 ( 4.26)
90
4538
27NA
7556
118
8181
70-
--
--
--
--
-(84
.4)(74
.7)(68
.6)(86
.4)
129
9554
727
61,4
7071
31,5
681,3
9753
229
412
092
(73.6)
(50.4)
(48.5)
(89.1)
(55.3)
(76.7)
9070
230
180
2411
8
368
1068
-51
1816
189
900
442
570
504
203
171
(77.8)
(80.4)
(45.8)
(37.5)
(14.7)
(35.3)
(55.3)
(49.1)
(88.4)
(84.2)
4322
327
9049
623
237
016
451
18-
--
--
--
-(51
.2)(27
.5)(46
.8)(44
.3)(35
.3)
209
102
1,683
399
465
108
3,925
1,103
5,041
2,039
4,246
1,507
2,673
2,297
1,318
760
--
--
221
(48.8)
(23.7)
(23.2)
(28.1)
(40.4)
(35.5)
(85.9)
(57.7)
(4.5)
NA
NA36
537
222
2819
178
125
5426
7-
--
--
--
--
-(10
.1)(12
.6)(40
.8)(43
.2)(26
.9)
6527
438
377
355
1525
862
277
112
280
102
--
174
5046
2254
116
-(41
.5)(86
.1)(4.
2)(24
.0)(40
.4)(36
.4)(28
.7)(47
.8)(20
.4)
65
2349
598
121
629
810
490
2769
19-
--
-30
4-
-15
2(35
.4)(19
.8)(5.
0)(34
.9)(30
.0)(27
.5)(13
.3)(13
.3)
1,462
968
407
286
3,225
2,837
4,496
3,167
3,766
2,329
1,033
788
3,551
2,383
2,996
2,121
2,065
1,543
1,113
926
466
381
(66.2)
(70.3)
(88.0)
(70.4)
(61.8)
(76.3)
(67.1)
(70.8)
(74.7)
(83.2)
(81.7)
32
942
3018
717
040
120
333
517
428
513
829
915
627
317
038
024
821
812
112
954
(28.1)
(71.4)
(90.9)
(50.6)
(51.9)
(48.4)
(52.2)
(62.3)
(65.3)
(48.8)
(41.9)
4.
25
..
253
8-.
. 254
9
..
2538
..
2539
..
2540
..
2541
..
2542
..
2543
..
2544
..
2545
..
2547
..
2548
..
2549
:
:
1.
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2. .
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} }}
}}
}
91
4.26 .. 2547
: - , , 2547- , , 2547
1. 950
2. 950, 20 )
3. ( 20 )
4. (20 )
233
121
44
294
6.9(16) 93.1(217) 84.5 (197)
14.9 (18) 85.1(103 ) 71.1 (86 )
84.1 (37) 15.9 (7) 34.7 (102) 65.3(192 )
2547
2547
2547
2547
92
4.27 .. 2535-.. 2549
5.4.4 .. 2549 14.59
3.06 ( 21.0) 4.71 ( 32.3) / 6.82 ( 46.7) .. 2535-.. 2549 2.1 ..2544 / ( 4.27)
2535 2.19 - 1.16 - 1.62 - 5.81 - 10.78 -2536 2.57 + 17.3 1.25 + 7.7 1.51 - 6.8 5.85 + 0.7 11.18 + 3.72537 2.56 - 0.4 2.05 + 64.0 1.53 + 1.3 5.91 + 1.0 12.05 + 7.82538 2.63 + 2.7 2.30 + 12.2 1.69 + 10.5 5.96 + 0.8 12.58 + 4.42839 2.95 + 12.2 2.43 + 5.6 1.78 + 5.3 5.97 + 0.2 13.13 + 4.42540 3.26 + 10.5 3.0 + 23.4 1.75 - 1.7 5.5 - 7.9 13.51 + 2.92541 3.10 - 4.9 2.71 - 9.7 1.74 - 0.6 6.04 + 9.8 13.59 + 0.62542 3.28 + 5.8 4.50 + 66.0 - - 6.04 - 13.82 + 1.72543 3.33 + 1.5 4.3 - 4.44 - - 6.3 + 4.3 13.93 + 0.82544 3.40 +2.1 4.34 +0.9 - - 6.36 +1.0 14.10 +1.22545 3.51 +3.2 4.37 +0.7 - - 6.43 +1.1 14.31 +1.52546 3.41 -2.8 4.42 +1.1 - - 6.50 +1.1 14.33 +0.12547 3.41 - 4.56 +3.2 - - 6.60 +1.5 14.57 +1.72548 3.04 -10.8 4.61 +1.1 - - 6.67 +1.1 14.32 -1.72549 3.06 +0.6 4.71 +2.2 - - 6.82 +2.2 14.59 +1.9
...
/
()
..
/
()
/
()
/
()
/
()
/
: : .. 2542
93
.. 2549 99.1 4.24 100% 61.3 (46 75 ) (, 2542) .. 2544 97.9 (, 2544) 47.1 ( 4.28)
4.24 .. 2503-.. 2548
: - .. 2503-.. 2543 - .. 2544
.. 2544 - .. 2548
.. 2548-2549,
4.28 .. 2549
:
1. 94.9 5.12. 78.3 21.73. 47.1 52.94. 83.0 17.0 4 47.1 52.9
() ()
..
2503
0
20406080
100120
0.7 5.6720.09
33.8742.79 47.11
73.84
99.196.14
96.92
98.27
98.11
98.18
98.05
96.2
2508
2513
2518
2523
2528
2533
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2548
94
6.
6.1 .. 2540 8
.. 2540 () .. 2549 1 .. 2550 24 .. 2550 2550
6.2
6.2.1
.. 2544 ... ..2545 ... ( 5) .. 2545 .. 2546
95
2547 2546 2.61 .. 2546 3.82 .. 2547 4.29
4.29 .. 2546-2548
25481.
- 50 .. 2550
- ( 2547)
2.
- / (Non-core Functions) 80 2550
- 90 3/1 ( 5) .. 2545 .. 2546 .. 2550
- (Deregulation) 100 .. 2550
-
18 .. 2546 - 2550
44.1
-
-
68.5
... 194 // 447
17.5
47.8
76.58
-
-
. 89 . 22 301 1,201 1,434
18.0
51.8
76.64
73.0
100.0
233
127
17.5
2546 2547
96
: 1. 3 ... 9 (..2545-2549),
2. , 2550
2548
- 10 .. 2550
3.
1 .. 2550 P.S.O. ISO
(Competencies) 80 .. 2550
90 .. 2550
4. - 80
.. 2550
- 80 .. 2550
- 20 .. 2546-2550
0.04(
691)
25.5
26.2
55.3
45.6
77.9
75.2
65.4
-
3.84( 45,330)
36.0
100
94.7
98.0
94.0
79.3
-
4.35(
50,000 .. 2545)
-
60.0
80
80
-
2546 2547
97
9 . , , 2542
6.2.2
14 9 .. 2544 IMD .. 2540-2548 2.91 .. 2540 3.86 .. 2548 28 ..2540 16 .. 2548 3.64 21 .. 2549( 4.25) ( 4.30)
98
4.25 .. 2540-.. 2549
28 24 31 24 19 16 21
: IMD. The World Competitiveness Yearbook, 1997-2006
25492540 2542 2543 2545 2547 2548
..2540
0
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
2.91 3.14 2.86
3.493.93 3.86 3.64
2542 2543 2545 2547 2548 2549
4.5
99
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
N
11
6.88
1
17.4
5
11
7.46
4
15.9
5
21
6.67
15
24.6
9
162
4.20
13
24.5
9
102
4.82
11
34.8
7
284
2.91
24
33.1
4
243
3.49
19
33.9
3
212
3.64
273
2.96
344
2.32
415
2.00
494
1.86
534
1.67
32
52.6
7
395
1.80
32
42.8
3
565
1.50
48
51.8
3
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
1-10
11
6.88
1
17.4
5
11
7.46
1
16.4
1
1
16.7
4
2
26.6
3
2
27.0
3
2
26.8
3
2
26.4
0
22
6.67
33
6.49
33
6.28
33
6.09
33
6.09
33
6.62
4
46.0
9
44
5.87
44
5.95
4
45.9
5
4
46.5
4
5
56.0
8
5
55.5
4
55
5.77
55
5.45
5
56.5
4
6
65.8
9
6
65.3
3
6
65.7
1
6
65.1
1
66
5.66
77
5.80
77
5.19
77
5.70
7
74.8
9
77
5.22
8
85.6
7
8
85.1
6
8
85.3
2
8
84.8
5
8
85.0
7
99
5.41
9
94.9
8
9
95.2
1
99
4.84
99
5.02
1
010
5.38
1010
4.97
10
105.0
6
1010
4.82
1010
4.97
4.
30
.
. 254
0 -
.. 25
49
:
IMD.
The
Worl
d Com
petiti
vene
ss Ye
arboo
k, 19
97-2
006
..
2540
.. 2
542
.. 2
545
.. 2
547
.. 2
549
100
6.2.3
.. 2523-2548 2.42 .. 2523-2528 3.8 .. 2548 3.6 .. 2549 63 163 ( 4.26) ( 4.31)
4.26 .. 2523-2549
: Transparency International, 1998-2006
..
2523
-252
8
2531
-253
5
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
0
0.51
1.52
2.53
3.54
2.42
1.85
2.79
3.333.06 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
3.3 3.33.8 3.6
101
4.31
..
2541
- .
. 254
9
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
ASEA
NAS
EAN
7
19.1
6
19.1
5
19.3
5
19.3
5
19.4
5
19.4
29
25.3
36
24.8
33
24.9
39
25.0
39
25.1
44
25.0
61
43.0
60
33.2
64
33.2
64
33.6
59
33.8
65
33.6
553
3.3
69
42.8
774
2.6
10
24
2.6
11
75
2.5
12
65
2.5
806
2.0
856
1.7
966
1.9
133
62.0
13
77
2.2
134
62.4
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
--
-
-
--
74
52.5
76
52.5
85
52.4
10
24
2.6
107
42.6
11
85
2.6
-
--
--
-
-
--
142
71.7
155
81.8
162
81.9
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
13
06
2.3
152
72.1
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
--
11
44
2.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
10.0
11
10.0
11
9.7
1
19.7
11
9.7
1
19.6
22
9.6
22
9.8
22
9.5
2
29.6
22
9.6
2
29.6
33
9.5
3
39.4
22
9.5
33
9.5
2
29.6
33
9.6
4
49.4
33
9.4
4
49.4
33
9.5
44
9.5
44
9.5
5
59.3
5
59.2
5
59.3
5
59.3
5
59.4
5
59.4
6
69.2
66
9.1
5
59.3
66
9.2
6
69.2
66
9.2
77
9.1
66
9.1
77
9.0
77
9.1
77
9.1
77
9.1
88
9.0
66
9.1
7
79.0
8
88.9
8
88.9
8
88.8
8
89.0
9
98.9
7
79.0
99
8.8
9
98.8
99
8.7
1
010
8.9
10
108.7
1010
8.7
1010
8.7
1010
8.7
1010
8.7
:
Tran
spare
ncy I
nterna
tiona
l
Dr.
Joha
nn G
raf L
ambs
darff
Gott
ingen
Univ
ersity
, Germ
any,
1998
-200
6
:
1.
(Corr
uptio
n Perc
eptio
ns In
dex)
1-
10
0
10
2.
3
.. 2
541
.. 2
543
.. 2
545
.. 2
547
.. 2
548
.. 2
549
102
2548-492544-45 2545-46 2546-47 2547-48
1. 3.7 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.5 ( - ) ( - ) ( + ) ( + )
2. 3.7 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.8- ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( + )
3. - 4.3 4.4 4.1 - - ( - ) ( + ) ( - ) -
4. - 4.7 5.0 4.7 5.2 - ( - ) ( + ) ( + )
5. 4.2 4.8 5.1 5.2 5.4 ( - ) ( - ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
6. 4.6 5.1 5.3 5.3 - ( - ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) -
7. 4.7 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.6 ( - ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
The Global Competitiveness Report 2544/45 2548/49 World Economic Forum (WEF) (Chief Executive Of-fice: CEO) 7 ( 4.32)
4.32 2544-2549
: World Economic Forum 2544-2549 9 .. 2545-2549,
: (-) (+) (-) (+)
103
6.3 ... ..
2542 .. 2540 ... 1-2
7.
7.1
7.1.1 (Information and Communication Technology: ICT) Telemedicine, Diagnostic ImagingTechnology
7.1.2 (Genetics & Biotechnology) Digi-tal-Genomics Convergence Treatment Preventive , , (Stem cell) Recombinant DNA,Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Genomics
7.1.3 (Material Technology) /
7.1.4 (Nanotechnology)
103
6.3 ... ..
2542 .. 2540 ... 1-2
7.
7.1
7.1.1 (Information and Communication Technology: ICT) Telemedicine, Diagnostic ImagingTechnology
7.1.2 (Genetics & Biotechnology) Digi-tal-Genomics Convergence Treatment Preventive , , (Stem cell) Recombinant DNA,Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Genomics
7.1.3 (Material Technology) /
7.1.4 (Nanotechnology)
104
2,493.2 .. 2534 15,799.1 .. 2548
7.2
( 6 3 )
8.
( 4.33)
..2542 .. 2547 15 ( 4.34)
104
2,493.2 .. 2534 15,799.1 .. 2548
7.2
( 6 3 )
8.
( 4.33)
..2542 .. 2547 15 ( 4.34)
105
4.33 10 ( (Disability Adjusted Life Years-DALYs) 3 ) .. 2543
: World Health Report 2002
1 14.9 6.2 12.22 10.2 5.0 10.93 5.5 4.0 9.2
4 3.6 3.1 7.6
5 3.2 2.7 7.46 3.1 2.1 3.9
7 3.0 1.9 3.3
8 2.5 1.9 1.8
9 2.0 1.8 0.810 1.9 1.8 0.7
10 49.9 30.5 57.8
106
4.34
DALY
s
.. 2
542
.
. 254
7
1
7.6
135.1
91
3.99
4.511
2
5.4
98.6
162
2.56
2.46
3
5.09
4.48
3
2.5
62.3
64
3.6
63.3
64
1.1
31.1
35
2.95
2.65
5
0.82
0.72
6
1.4
21.3
26
0.72
0.62
7
1.22
1.12
7
0.72
0.51
8
1.12
0.92
8
0.72
0.51
9
0.71
3.36
9
0.4
10.4
110
0.51
0.61
10
0.41
0.72
11
0.51
0.51
11
0.3
10.3
112
0.20
0.31
12
0.20
0.41
13
0.20
0.31
13
0.10
0.31
14
0.20
0.41
14
-
0.10
0.10
15
-
0.10
0.20
15
0.00
0 .10
* M
ale D
ALYs
: N =
5.3 M
illion
, Fe
male
DALY
s: N
= 3.9
Milli
on
:
,
2549
..2
547
..2
542
DALY
sDA
LYs
(X10
0,000
)
(X10
0,000
)
(X10
0,000
)
(X10
0,000
)
..
2547
..2
542
DALY
sDA
LYs
107
4.27 6
: .. 2548 (),
8.1
50 2010
.. 2548 6 80 ( 98.9) (97.4) ( 86.3) ( 83.2) 71.7 49.0 15.3 10.1 ( 4.27)
10 . , 2546
0
20 40 60 80 100 120
89.9
16.8
28.3
1.1
84.7
51.1
13.7
2.1
10.1
83.2
71.7
98.9
15.3
48.9
86.3
97.4
108
3 ..2546-2547 15 (400-800 ) 268 283 80 200 ( 4.35)
4.35 15
15-29 285 30030-44 272 29345-59 261 28360-69 238 24570-79 216 215
80 203 193 268 283
( /) ()
: 3 (.. 2546-2547),
.. 2549 38.7 / / ( 4.28)
37.5
109
: 3, ()
4.28
4.29 .. 2526-.. 2549
:
2 2.6 12.7// .. 2526 33.2 // .. 2549 ( 4.29)
/
..
25260
12.7
5101520253035
2528 2530 2532 2534 2536 2538 2540 2542 2544 2546 2548
12.912.9
12.8
14.814.6
15.917.8
18.920.3
21.723.0
25.826.5
28.5
27.926.7
27.2
29.129.3
30.5
29.6
32.433.2
56.754.654.1
37.9
35.1
34.833.4
23.118.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
2549
110
3 - 5 20-29 , 30-39 60 (4.30) 35-59 ( 4.36) 11
: : >20 = BMI > 25 /
4.30 ..2529, .. 2538 .. 2546
11 . , 2546
3 .. 2529
4 .. 2538
5 .. 2546
()20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2.9
20.4 21.7 19.4
29.832.1
19.1
40.238.1
28.6
35.033.2
0
12.1
23.8
111
4.36 ( 35-59 )
: 1. . , 2546
2. 3 .. 2546-2547, ,
: 2543
5 .. 2543 - ..2544 6 87.4 DMFT 6.0 / .. 2527 71.6 DMFT 4.9 / ( 4.37 4.38) .. 2538-.. 2544 5-6 6-15 12 DMFT 1.6-2 / 5 .. 2549 5 61.7 40.4 24 46.1 10.612 ..2547-.. 2548 26.95 20.28 13
3
(..2546-2547)
189 198 201 207(mg/dl) 87 92 99 100(mg/dl) (BMI) 22.8 23.8 24.4 24.6(kg/m2) (%) 20 25 30 38 (%) 5 8 9 10
1
(..2534-2535)
2
(..2539-2540)
InterASIA
(..2543-2544)
12 . 5 , 254913 . 2547-2548, 2549
112
4.37 ..2527,.. 2532,.. 2537 .. 2543-.. 2544
2543-2544
3* - 66.5 61.7 65.76* 71.6 83.1 85.1 87.46** 74.4 82.8 85.3 87.56 30.3 19.2 11.1 -12 45.8 49.2 53.9 57.318 63.1 63.3 63.7 62.135 - 44 80.2 76.8 85.7 85.660 95.2 93.9 95.0 95.6
: 2, 3, 4,5 : * ** ()
() 2527 2532 2537
4.38 (DMFT) .. 2527, .. 2532, .. 2537 .. 2543-2544
: 2, 3, 4, 5 : * ** ()
2543-2544
3* - 4.0 3.4 3.66* 4.9 5.6 5.7 6.06** 0.5 0.3 0.3 -12 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.618 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1
35 - 44 5.4 5.4 6.5 6.160 16.3 16.2 15.8 14.4
() 2527 2532 2537
113
4.31
: OECD Health Data 2006 : OECD OTC
OTC
8.2 .. 2548 103,517 ()
186,331 () 42.8 ( 6 3 ) 10-20 ( 4.31) .. 2531-2548
( ) 2 3 1 3 ( 4.39)
05
10
2025303540
15 12.317.7 18.9 16.3 18.9
12.8
42.8
114
4034
3434
3432
3230
3026
2626
24
4346
5252
5258
5860
6064
6464
66
10
159
99
2
22
22
53
33
33
32
21
11
2
77
88
9
99
8
.
.2537
(
).
.2538
(
)
4.
39
(
)
:
IM
S Th
ailan
d
..25
39(
)
..25
40(
)
..25
41(
)
..25
42(
)
..25
43(
)
..25
44(
)
..25
45(
)
..25
46(
)
..25
47(
)
..25
48(
)
..25
49(
)
}}
}}
}}
}}
115
4.40 11
: , 2545
38.6 14 ( 4.40) ( 4.32)
3 .. 2546-2547 8-9 15 1 ( 4.41)
14 . , 2545
()
Ceftriaxone . .. 41-.. 42 9 77.8Parenteral antibiotics . ..-.. 40 203 39.4Ciprofloxacin . ..-.. 38 24 50.0Parenteral ntibiotics . ..-.. 36 219 44.7Ceftazidime . ..-.. 42 48 60.4Ceftazidime . ..-.. 39 49 40.0Cephalosporins . .. 34- .. 35 144 13.2-15.3Ceftazidime . ..-.. 39 114 25.0Ceftazidime . ..-.. 43 59 37.5Ceftriaxone . .. 37 17 41.0Cephalosporins . .. 38-.. 39 258 70.2
116
4.41 -
()
: 3 (.. 2546-2547),
15-29 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 1.5 3.330-44 3.6 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.8 7.845-59 5.2 0.5 0.7 0.2 1.5 15.860-69 7.9 0.5 1.3 0.0 4.0 27.670-79 8.0 0.6 1.8 0.1 6.2 29.880+ 8.4 0.3 2.7 0.2 6.6 34.4 3.8 0.4 0.7 0.1 1.7 10.6
15-29 2.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 2.6 8.930-44 3.8 0.4 0.5 0.1 2.1 14.445-59 6.5 0.8 2.1 0.1 3.3 26.160-69 10.0 1.5 2.9 0.2 6.7 33.370-79 12.7 1.1 2.7 0.1 8.4 36.780+ 10.6 0.5 2.2 0.0 10.6 30.2 4.9 0.5 1.0 0.2 3.4 18.1
117
8.3
..2549 36,367 87.6 / ( 4.42) .. 2544-2545 71 // 20.5 .. 2542 20.3 .. 2549 ( 15-24 ) ( 25-59) ( 60 ) .. 2542-.. 2544 .. 2544-2549
(4.43 4.44) .. 2025 8 20 60
4.32 .. 2532-.. 2549
: Media Data Resources (MDR) : 1.
2.
..0
1,82320004,0006,0008,000
10,00012,00014,00016,00018,000
2532 2533 2534 2535 2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549
1,026375
2,2811,220
511
2,6771,464
619
3,0731,821
650
3,792
2,835
714
4,470
3,315
842
5,722
3,381
1,013
7,653
2,9151,127
8,004
4,791
1,053
6,566
4,8051,012
7,635
5,590
1,197
9,627
6,555
1,335
10,055
7,290
1,503
12,505
10,209
1,769
13,708
11,141
2,402
14,615
12,544
2,423
16,500
13,723
2,346
16,716
15,932
2,496
118
15 . , 254616 . 7 (..-.. 2543)17 .. . (
)
45 15 .. 2546 / 1 3 13 9.0-10.6 ( 4.33) ( 4.45) 4.1 .. 2540 22.6 .. 2549 95.9 .. 2540 77.4 .. 2549 ( 4.46)
15 15.07 150 2546 500 2 200,000 1 3 16
42,000 115 6 17 90 82 80
119
4.
42
.. 25
31 -
.. 2
549
:
-
-
,
34,090
38,718
38,887
38,825
40,068
42,245
.244,
849.6
45,755
.347,
235.9
48,336
.639,
057.1
36,166
.136,
469.7
29,502
29,682
31,366
34,174
34,237
36,367
(
)
(/
/)
91.5
100.6
98.4
95.8
96.5
101.7
108.0
110.2
113.8
116.4
98.8
87.1
87.8
71.0
71.5
75.5
82.3
82.4
87.6
(
)-
--
1251
6071
7177
99172
261239
261262
293508
574454
(
)-
--
-716
.8968
.5787
.01,0
32.1
952.2
907.3
2,755.
64,2
89.8
4,586.
36,1
51.9
6,136
6,472
8,698.
79,8
10.3
9,548.
8
32,
505.41
37,198
.4738,
235.21
39,719
.5539,
591.40
41,219
.6344,
542.46
43,183
.8347,
751.79
47,125
.7534,
568.73
32,023
.6331,
796.45
29,742
.3529,
598.67
31,498
.9533,
685.42
34,030
.029,
148.80
1,625.
271,8
59.92
1,911.
761,9
86.0
1,979.
572,0
60.98
2,227.
122,1
59.19
2,387.
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