Nuclear PowerNuclear Power

Grace LizGrace Liz

DioneDione BlairBlair

The Principle of Nuclear The Principle of Nuclear PowerPower

What is Nuclear ReactionWhat is Nuclear Reaction

Principle: E= mc² Principle: E= mc²

Nuclear fission Nuclear fission Nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion Nuclear decay (radioactive decay)Nuclear decay (radioactive decay)

Nuclear DecayNuclear DecayThe release of radiation by The release of radiation by

radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) for short for short

Unstable nuclei Unstable nuclei Spontaneously & slowly Spontaneously & slowly Three types Three types

-αdecay-αdecay

-βdecay-βdecay

-γdecay-γdecay

Nuclear FusionNuclear FusionTwo or more nuclei combine to Two or more nuclei combine to

form a larger nucleus form a larger nucleus

•Release of large quantities of Release of large quantities of energy energy •The nuclear reaction in the SunThe nuclear reaction in the Sun

Nuclear FissionNuclear Fission

An atomic nucleus is split into two An atomic nucleus is split into two or more large fragments or more large fragments

Produces free neutrons and Produces free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma photons (in the form of gamma rays) rays)

Releases a very large amount of Releases a very large amount of energyenergy

Nuclear Power PlantNuclear Power Plant

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Pros and Cons of Nuclear PowerPower

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Energy

2 main ways to use the nuclear energy2 main ways to use the nuclear energy Nuclear powerNuclear power Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of

the world's energy and 13–14% of the the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity.50% of nuclear generated electricity.

NukeNuke United States United States the Soviet Union the Soviet Union The United Kingdom The United Kingdom France France the People's Republic of Chinathe People's Republic of China

Nuclear Power ProwsProws1.1. SecuritySecurity Only 3 major incident happened in about 50 years hisOnly 3 major incident happened in about 50 years his

tory of tory of Nuclear power plants ( Nuclear power plants ( Three Mile Island Three Mile Island accident Chernobyl disaster Fukushima Daiichi nuaccident Chernobyl disaster Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster )clear disaster )

2. Environment friendly2. Environment friendly clean energy clean energy won’t discharge a great amount of pollutant to the awon’t discharge a great amount of pollutant to the a

tmosphere tmosphere won’t produce carbon dioxide that can cause greenhwon’t produce carbon dioxide that can cause greenh

ouse effectouse effect EfficientEfficient 50 tons of nuclear fuel = 100000 tons of coal50 tons of nuclear fuel = 100000 tons of coal

Nuclear Power ConsCons

1.1. FatalnessFatalness

2.2. limitationslimitations

site selection is very strictsite selection is very strict

3. investment 3. investment

need large investment need large investment

Nuke ProsPros

Large power Large power

radioactive pollution has serious radioactive pollution has serious destructive effect to the environment destructive effect to the environment and human healthand human health

ConsCons

balance power’s Military might, balance power’s Military might, decrease the probability of world war.decrease the probability of world war.

Difference Between Difference Between Nuclear Power & Coal Nuclear Power & Coal PowerPower

Nuclear PowerNuclear Power

Use uranium Use uranium （（ 50 years50 years ））Price stabilityPrice stabilityNuclear power plants typically Nuclear power plants typically

have high capital costs for building have high capital costs for building the plant, but low fuel costs. the plant, but low fuel costs.

Dangerous solid waste Dangerous solid waste Against talking from localAgainst talking from localWaste heatWaste heat

0.054 £/KWH

0.032£/KWH0.023£/KWH

0.075 £/KWH

Coal powerCoal power

Use coalUse coalCoal-fired power is the oldest, is Coal-fired power is the oldest, is

also the most important one.also the most important one.Utilization just 60%-70%Utilization just 60%-70%Produce acid gas, smoke and Produce acid gas, smoke and

noisenoise

Nuclear power VS society Nuclear power VS society

What Does It Bring to What Does It Bring to Us?Us? As of 2005, nuclear power provided As of 2005, nuclear power provided

6.3% of the world's energy and 15% of 6.3% of the world's energy and 15% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting France, and Japan together accounting for 56.5% of nuclear generated for 56.5% of nuclear generated electricity.electricity.

The United States produces the most The United States produces the most nuclear energy, with nuclear power nuclear energy, with nuclear power providing 19%of the electricity it providing 19%of the electricity it consumes, while France produces the consumes, while France produces the highest percentage of its electrical highest percentage of its electrical energy from nuclear reactors—80% as of energy from nuclear reactors—80% as of 2006.2006.

The Focus of the PublicThe Focus of the PublicThe safety of nuclear power plant.The political problems about nuclear poThe political problems about nuclear po

wer.wer.Nuclear weaponNuclear weaponThe economic valueHuman healthThe environmental problems If it can replace the energy of burning fuIf it can replace the energy of burning fu

el and slow down the global warming?el and slow down the global warming?

Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents Some serious nuclear and radiation accidents have occurred. Nuclear power plant have occurred. Nuclear power plant accidents include the Chernobyl disaster accidents include the Chernobyl disaster (1986), Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (1986), Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011), and the Three Mile Island accident (2011), and the Three Mile Island accident (1979).(1979).

Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster let people Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster let people began to question the safety of nuclear began to question the safety of nuclear power and worry about the nuclear radiation.power and worry about the nuclear radiation.

The risk of the nuclear disaster occur is The risk of the nuclear disaster occur is smaller than other electrical plants such as smaller than other electrical plants such as fuel burning and water power plants.fuel burning and water power plants.

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If its investment is larger than it If its investment is larger than it contributes to the environment?contributes to the environment?

Government supportGovernment support

The radiation of nuclear has little The radiation of nuclear has little effect on human health compare with effect on human health compare with the radiation we regularly absorb from the radiation we regularly absorb from nature.nature.

American research about people who American research about people who live closely to nuclear power plant.live closely to nuclear power plant.

The nuclear radiation surrounding us The nuclear radiation surrounding us is not out of standard that can affect is not out of standard that can affect our health.our health.

Life cycle analysis (LCA) of carbon Life cycle analysis (LCA) of carbon dioxide emissions show nuclear power dioxide emissions show nuclear power as comparable to renewable energy as comparable to renewable energy sources. Emissions from burning fossil sources. Emissions from burning fossil fuels are many times higher.fuels are many times higher.

Nuclear fission release some gas such Nuclear fission release some gas such as Iodine-131 and xenon-133 but they as Iodine-131 and xenon-133 but they are stored and after undergoing their are stored and after undergoing their half-life, they are released and at that half-life, they are released and at that time, they are not dangerous any time, they are not dangerous any more.more.

It will not release sulfur It will not release sulfur dioxidedioxide ，， nitrogen oxides, mercury nitrogen oxides, mercury and carbon dioxide.and carbon dioxide.

Dependence of Nuclear Power Some countries rely on it too much, so if Some countries rely on it too much, so if

it has disaster, the electricity cannot be it has disaster, the electricity cannot be provided for citizens.provided for citizens.

But some countries have a little resource But some countries have a little resource to support them to develop other new to support them to develop other new energy .energy .

With some nuclear disaster With some nuclear disaster occurredoccurred ，， people suggest not to be too people suggest not to be too dependent on it.dependent on it.

Nuclear power is a important potential Nuclear power is a important potential energy, but we cannot abuse it.energy, but we cannot abuse it.

Thank you.Thank you.