OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999

MOUT ACTD PROGRAMHANDBOOK #2

EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTIVE TASKS FORTHE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOONAND SQUAD IN URBAN COMBAT

SUBMITTED TO:

U.S. ARMY

Distribution authorized to Department of Defense (DOD) and DOD contractors only.Reason: To protect technical or operational data or information. Other requests for this

document shall be referred to Project ManagerDestruction Notice: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or

reconstruction of this document.

1 APRIL 1999

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.

Copyright 1999-UNPUBLISHED WORK-

This material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the Copyright License underthe clause at DFARS 252.227.7013

(OCT 1988)

Ω OMEGA Training Group, Inc.

MOUT ACTD

NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT OFFICIAL US ARMY DOCTRINE.IT IS A TRAINING PRODUCT FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES ONLY

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INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this introduction is to provide a brief background explanation ofthe front-end analysis process. This process has led to the rewrite of selected collectivetasks and to the creation of additional collective tasks. This Introduction also explainsthe technology insertion aspects of this document and the format. This document is foruse as a training product for the Military Operations on Urbanized TerrainAdvanced Concept Technology Demonstration (MOUT ACTD) experimentationonly. These proposed tasks are not meant to replace anything in ARTEP 7-8-MTP but toaugment it with specific information for urban combat.

The collective tasks presented in this document are a result of a review of thecurrent ARTEP 7-8-MTP and the most recent version of the MOUT ACTD Handbook#1, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad inUrban Combat, as well as tactics, techniques, and procedures gleaned from many othersources. There are other areas in ARTEP 7-8-MTP which might be changed toaccommodate more MOUT information. This draft only addresses T&EOs to be revisedor added for use during combat in urban areas. Additionally, this product has taken intoaccount the customer feedback received and technology insertion information from ArmyExperiments #1 through #5 and from USMC Experiments #1 through #3. ArmyExperiment #6 and USMC Experiment #4 technology information has been incorporatedin this document where appropriate.

This document is designed to be a reference/resource for base line MOUTinformation for the MOUT ACTD experimentation for Army Experiment #6, whereit is envisioned that the technology will have military utility.

A description of the information provided for each technology used to date duringthe ACTD is included at Appendix A. Note that all appendices are provided underseparate cover and are not included in the basic document. The information provided foreach technology was the basis for inclusion throughout this text. The format we used todistinguish the addition of technology insertion information to separate it from base lineTTP was to place a text box with the information in the appropriate paragraph throughoutthe document.

Example:

The results of the technology selections from the experimentation to date are alsoincluded at Appendix A along with a list of sample technology insertions.

R8, Remote Marking Munitions: Remote-marking munitions (shotgun andM203) could be used to mark known or suspected enemy sniper positions/locations.

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A list of the technology insertions in this document by page number is located atAppendix B.

Writing collective tasks for urban combat is a continuing process. There will beseveral iterations. The paper/electronic files are numbered by version. This is Version7; produced for Army Experiment #6 after including observations from ArmyExperiments #1 through #5. This document will be adjusted for each experiment basedon:

a. The feedback from the soldiers conducting the experiment.

b. The feedback from the customers (DBBL, DOT, CATD).

c. The observations of the Omega personnel in the field observing theexperiments. These observations are included in bullet format at Appendix C.

This document has been closely coordinated with the Omega Training Grouppersonnel writing similar training products for the Marine Warfighting Lab atCamp Lejeune, so the experimental doctrine/TTPs included are suitable for JointOperations with the Marine Corps .

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CONTENTS

Page

Introduction ...................................................................................................... iii

Preface ...................................................................................................... ix

TRAINING AND EVALUATION OUTLINES

REWRITTEN TASKSThese tasks were the only MOUT-specific tasks in the current ARTEP 7-8-MTP andwere revised based upon MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Experimental Doctrine forthe Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad.

• 7-3/4-1110 ASSAULT A BUILDING (PLT)................................................. 1

• 7-3/4-1118 DEFEND A BUILDING (PLT/SQD).......................................... 14

• 7-3/4-1134 MOVE TACTICALLY (PLT/SQD)(URBAN ENVIRONMENT PORTION ONLY) ........................ 31

NEW TASKSThese tasks are new tasks that were developed based upon MOUT ACTDHandbook #1, Experimental Doctrine for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad.

• 7-3/4-XXX2 CLEAR A ROOM (SQD) ............................................................ 44

• 7-3/4-XXX4 CONDUCT MOVEMENT THROUGH A HALLWAYOR SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGEWAY (SQD) ....................... 54

• 7-3/4-XXX6 CLEAR A STAIRCASE (SQD) .................................................. 62

• 7-3/4-XXX7 ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLDIN A BUILDING (SQD).............................................................. 70

• 7-3/4-XXX9 CONDUCT SUBTERRANEAN CLEARING OPERATIONSIN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).......................... 83

• 7-3/4-XX15 CONDUCT DEFENSIVE SUBTERRANEAN OPERATIONSIN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).......................... 90

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• 7-3/4-XX10 REACT TO SNIPER IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT(PLT/SQD)...................................................................................106

• 7-3/4-XX11 MOVE TACTICALLY IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT(PLT/SQD)...................................................................................111

• 7-3/4-XX12 PERFORM ACTIONS AT AND CROSS A DANGER AREAIN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD)..........................119

• 7-3/4-XX13 HANDLE NONCOOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTSDURING OPERATIONS IN AN URBANENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).....................................................128

• 7-3/4-XX14 EVACUATE COOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTSDURING OPERATIONS IN AN URBANENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).....................................................134

• 7-3/4-XX16 CLEAR A ROOM (TEAM/ASSAULT ELEMENT) ..................139

• 7-3/4-XX17 ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN AN UPPER STORYOF A BUILDING (PLT/SQD).....................................................149

GLOSSARY ..........................................................................................Glossary-1

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OMEGA TRAINING GROUP APPENDICESTO THE HANDBOOKS

The following appendices are designed to provide further explanation to the MOUTACTD handbooks for experimentation purposes only. They are not designed to be partof any ARTEP manual. They are published separately from this handbook since they areapplicable to all the handbooks.

Appendix A MOUT ACTD TechnologiesResults of Technology ExperimentationSample Technology Insertions..................................................A-1

Appendix B List of Technology Insertions in the Handbooks ......................B-1

Appendix C Omega Training Group TTP Observations ThroughArmy Experiment #5.................................................................C-1

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PREFACE

This handbook provides commanders and leaders with descriptive, performance-oriented Training and Evaluation Outlines (T&EOs) to assist in training infantry rifleplatoons and squads for combat in urban areas. This handbook contains the tasks thatsupport the unit’s missions outlined in MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Tactics,Techniques, and Procedures for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad in Urban Combat.

This handbook focuses solely on combat in urban areas and assumes a workingknowledge of the current ARTEP 7-8-MTP.

The information in these proposed tasks deals only with infantry forces in combatsituations in built-up areas. It does not include tasks for operations other than combat inbuilt-up areas. Those operations that may be conducted by infantry forces in StabilityOperations and Support Operations that are not strictly combat operations are covered inFM 7-98, Operations in a Low-Intensity Conflict; FM 100-23, Peace Operations; andFM 90-8, Counterguerrilla Operations. However, many tasks included here areapplicable in other than combat operations. We have concentrated on the conditionsunder which infantry rifle platoon and squad combat tasks are conducted rather than onthe larger view of the overall operation being conducted in an urban environment by ahigher echelon unit. We have included the widest range of collective tasks available.

In FM 90-10-1, dated 3 Oct 95, on page 1-1, paragraph 1-2, the terms “SurgicalMOUT” and “Precision MOUT” are used. These terms, as well as the term “High-Intensity MOUT”, are further explained in Appendix G, page G-1, paragraph G-1.Abbreviated definitions of these terms follow:

MOUT under high-intensity conditions : These conditions are combat actions againsta determined enemy occupying prepared positions or conducting planned attacks. AnInfantry unit’s mission is normally to seize, secure, clear, or defend urban terrain,engaging and defeating the enemy by the use of whatever force is necessary. Itrepresents the high end of the combat spectrum. The full, integrated firepower of thejoint combined arms team is brought to bear on the enemy.

MOUT under precision conditions : Conventional forces conduct these operations todefeat an enemy that is mixed with noncombatants. They conduct these operationscarefully to limit noncombatant casualties and collateral damage. Either the enemy isthoroughly mixed with the noncombatants or political considerations require that theRules of Engagement (ROE) be significantly more restrictive than under high-intensityMOUT conditions.

MOUT under surgical conditions : Joint special operation forces usually conduct theseoperations which include special-purpose raids, small precision strikes, or small-scale

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personnel seizure or recovery operations (for example, hostage rescue). They mayclosely resemble US police operations by Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams.They may even involve cooperation between US forces and host nation police.

A look at recent history demonstrates that conventional Infantry forces haveperformed and will continue to perform missions and tasks in urban environments underall three conditions: high-intensity, precision, and surgical. Surgical conditions mightbe the least frequent required of conventional forces but recent operations in Bosnia,Somalia, and Panama have all required conventional Infantry forces to perform somesurgical tasks. Infantry units of all types must routinely expect to conduct missions inurban terrain under precision conditions. In an urban environment, most tasks requiredof conventional Infantry forces will most likely fall in the realm of precision conditions.High-intensity conditions appear to be the least likely conditions for conventional forcesto see in future operations. MOUT tasks, as currently described in FM 7-8 and ARTEP7-8-MTP, deal solely with high-intensity conditions.

We have therefore inserted the terms “high-intensity conditions” and“precision conditions” into the MOUT tasks to differentiate between the differentconditions that the platoon and squad may face. The actual conditions duringcombat will be determined by the ROE.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON

TASK: ASSAULT A BUILDING (7-3/4-1110) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is directedto assault the building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoonis specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precisionconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.The Infantry platoon is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians,government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and theinternational press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. The presence ofcivilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to aplatoon leader. His platoon may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibitthe use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of allenemy forces in the building. The platoon occupies the building. The platoon maintainsa sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting furthercombat operations. The platoon suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders mustinclude the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urbanterrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateraldamage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platooncomplies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon leader conducts troop leading procedures. (See T&EO7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan.) The platoon leader:

a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

b. Identifies and designates:

• The target building.

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• Any obstacles.

• An assault element.

• A support element, if required. The support element may beprovided by the company.

• A separate breaching element, if appropriate. The breaching elementmay also be organized within the support element or the assaultelement.

• Type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic)based on METT-T and the ROE.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control,distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault element shouldconsider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes,sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault elementshould consider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) tobreach/force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

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• Size of enemy forces engaging the platoon (the number of enemyautomatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment ofindirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.).

• A primary and alternate breach (entry) point. The platoon shouldattempt to enter the building at the highest level possible and enter thefirst floor only when forced to do so.

• A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point. Locationand duration of obscurants should be planned for.

• The order of march to the breach (entry) point.

• Support by fire positions for the support element, if applicable.

*c. The platoon leader directs and supervises active and passive snipercountermeasures.

*+2. The platoon leader ensures that the platoon prepares for its missionIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leadersin the platoon must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of a objective area. This willallow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learningthe strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, andweapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must becarried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to theextreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide,all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification thatclearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them tothe enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built upareas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

• Prepare explosive charges or acquire appropriate breaching materialsas required.

3. The assault element is organized into an order of march to the breachpoint based upon the method of breaching and the intended actions at thebreach point. It is organized into room clearing teams. The exactnumber and size of clearing teams is based on the factors of METT-T.The assault element carries as much ammunition as possible, especiallyextra grenades or distraction devices depending on the ROE.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault element shouldconsider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes,sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breachesboth on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers accessfor assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault elementshould consider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) tobreach/force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

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+4. The support element moves into position to provide fire support forthe assault element (M60s or M240s should normally be positioned withthe support element). The support element isolates the building withdirect and indirect fires and provides suppression and obscuration for themovement of the assault element.

5. The platoon leader ensures that the support element is in place. Theassault element conducts movement only after the support element is inplace.

6. The assault element maneuvers to the last covered and concealedposition prior to the breach (entry) point. The assault element maintainsthree-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (SeeT&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.)

7. The platoon leader moves with the element where he can bestcommand and control the platoon.

8. The platoon leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) tobreach and enter the building and to begin clearing.

9. The breaching and assault element(s):

a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to thebreach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breachingtechnique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signalingtechniques when appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach.

b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control,distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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• Use covered and concealed routes (moves along undergroundpassages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and overrooftops; avoid streets, alleys, and other open areas unlessnecessary); and exploit limited visibility conditions wheneverpossible.

• Conduct movement only after enemy defensive fires are suppressed orobscured.

• Move along routes that do not mask friendly suppressive fires.

• Cross danger areas. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at andCross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.)

c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthybreach.

d. Maintain 360-degree and three-dimensional security during movementand in the vicinity of the breach point.

*10. If there is a support element, the platoon sergeant controls theactions of the support element. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1108, PerformOverwatch/Support by Fire.) He:

a. Assigns each soldier and key weapon a target or area to cover.

b. Ensures suppression of enemy gunners within the objective buildingand adjacent buildings.

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c. Ensures isolation of the objective building with precise direct andindirect fires to prevent enemy withdrawal, reinforcement, orcounterattack.

d. Uses direct fire weapons to destroy known enemy positions.

e. Increases the support element's rate of fire just before theassault element enters the building. Under precision conditions, firesonly at known enemy positions.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA)“Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stopeither in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility offratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider the use of the NLOS radios tocommunicate coordination between the assault and support elements.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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f. Shifts supporting fires to the upper windows, and then shifts toadjacent buildings as the assault element enters the building from groundlevel, or shifts to lower windows when the assault element enters throughan upper story. Under precision conditions, fires only at known enemypositions.

g. Provides replacements and ammunition to the assault element,as required. When possible, evacuates casualties.

+11. A breach is conducted by the designated breaching element. If atall possible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does nothave to pause at the breach (entry) point.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used orare not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault teamshould consider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes,sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) to breach/forceopen doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breachesboth on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiersaccess for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control,distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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+12. The assault element under the platoon leader's control assaults theobjective building. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XXX7, Establish a Foothold in aBuilding.) It:

a. Approaches from enemy flank or rear when possible.

• Enters the building at the highest level possible.

• Enters the first floor only when forced to do so.

• Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through a door orwindow.

• Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices ofappropriate type through openings prior to entry if the ROE permit.The ROE and the platoon leader’s decision-making process willdetermine the type of grenade or distraction device thrown.

b. Moves through the breach (entry point) as quickly as possible.

c. Secures the entry point and covers staircases and other routes leadingto upper and lower stories once inside the building. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XXX6, Clear a Staircase and T&EO 7-3/4-XXX4, Conduct MovementThrough a Hallway or Subterranean Passageway.)

+13. The assault element clears each room in the objective building IAWFM 7-8, Battle Drill 6, Clear a Room (Squad). It:

a. Clears the rooms first that overlook the friendly approaches to thebuilding. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XXX2, Clear a Room.)

b. Marks the cleared rooms (IAW the unit SOP). The platoon leaderdirects the assault element(s) to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clearobstacles and booby traps.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider throwinga nonlethal stun grenade rather than fragmentation grenades inside theopenings to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to friendlyinhabitants.

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*c. Consolidates and continues the attack. The platoon leaderdetermines when to rotate assault elements during the assault.

d. Positions teams, as directed by the assault element leader, to secureentry points, hallways, stairs, and cleared rooms from enemy infiltration.

+14. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes in the cleared building torepel an enemy counterattack as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1607,Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.)

a. Positions personnel to cover enemy routes of counterattack andinfiltration into the building.

b. Redistributes ammunition and requests resupply, as required.

c. Marks the building to show that it has been cleared IAW the unit SOP.

d. Marks entry points IAW the unit SOP.

+15. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505,Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

16. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while clearing rooms. These rounds willpenetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in thewall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage tononcombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations onthe Urban Battlefield.)

17. The platoon establishes hasty defensive positions, if required. (SeeT&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend aBuilding.)

18. The platoon continues its mission.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to secure and controlcaptured military personnel or civilian detainees.

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: DEFEND A BUILDING

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in abuilt-up area. The element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. TheOPFOR has indirect fire available.

STANDARDS:

The OPFOR prevents the platoon/squad from clearing the building by:

a. Retaining forces in the building.

b. Counterattacking, regaining, and maintaining a foothold in the building (at leastone room).

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: DEFEND A BUILDING (7-3/4-1118) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon/squad is ordered to defend a building. Some iterationsshould be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told that it isoperating under high intensity conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement(ROE) that match the conditions. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernmentorganizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on thebattlefield. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce thecombat power available to the platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have tooperate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until aspecific hostile action takes place.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad completes all specified defensivepreparations NLT the time specified in the order. The enemy does not surprise theplatoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad prevents the enemy from gaining afoothold or penetrating its position; or prevents enemy units of company-size or smallerfrom moving through the area; or destroys attacking enemy units of company-size orsmaller; or forces the enemy to withdraw. The platoon/squad continues follow-onoperations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders mustinclude the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urbanterrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateraldamage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squadcomplies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, theplatoon/squad leader:

• Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

• Directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures.

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*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad preparesfor its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. Inparticular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The platoon/squad leader conducts a leader’s reconnaissance of thebattle position.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before conducting adefense of a building, platoon/squad members should use specialprotective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide,all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification thatclearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them tothe enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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a. Issues a contingency plan to appropriate personnel before thereconnaissance party departs.

b. Approaches the position from the rear and conducts thereconnaissance. The platoon leader may have with him the FO,RATELO, squad leaders, and security elements. Squad leaders shoulddetermine who will conduct the reconnaissance with him.

c. Ensures the security elements establish local security during thereconnaissance and battle position occupation.

d. Confirms and/or modifies the platoon/squad tentative positions andfire plans.

e. Ensures the position is free of enemy, mines, and obstacles.

*f. Develops a tentative direct fire and indirect fire engagement planIAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-fire Weapons Systems and T&EO7-3-4200, Employ Fire Support.

g. Assigns squad/fire team sectors and OP locations (plans for OPs tohave multiple methods of communications, if available).

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objectivearea without the enemy learning the strength, location, orintentions of the main element.

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*h. Designates the location for the platoon early warning system (ifavailable), the chemical-alarm system (if available), and the platoon CP.

*+i. Selects initial key weapons and crew-served weapon positions tocover likely enemy mounted and dismounted avenues of approach.

j. Recommends to the company commander the best use of obstacles andsupporting fires.

NOTE: It is important to reconnoiter the position from the enemyperspective to know how the position should be defended (ifpossible).

*4. The platoon/squad leader ensures the position is free ofnoncombatants or removes them (if necessary) from the area of operationsbefore occupation of the position. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield..)

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to secure and controlnoncombatants such as civilian detainees.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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5. The platoon/squad leader returns to the platoon/squad position or callsthe platoon/squad forward.

a. Moves the platoon/squad on covered and concealed routes IAWT&EO 4-3/4-4134, Move Tactically and T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, MoveTactically in Urban Terrain.

b. Enforces camouflage, noise, light, and litter discipline.

c. Maintains security during movement IAW T&EO 4-3/4-4134, MoveTactically.

d. Directs the squads/teams to occupy designated positions at the sametime, if possible.

*+6. The platoon/squad occupies the position. The platoon/squadleader:

a. Establishes security (to include OPs, hasty perimeter, or securitypatrols). Emplaces at least one OP with communications within fiveminutes of occupation so that the main body is warned before an enemyattack.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunication capabilities of the unit while defending a building.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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b. Determines and confirms the engagement area (where he plans to killthe enemy) and determines the decision point.

+c. Assigns sectors of fire, engagement priorities, and other fire controlmeasures IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems.

d. Develops an obstacle and direct-fire plan (digitally, if applicable).

e. Emplaces the platoon early warning system or devices before dark orany other period of other limited visibility.

f. Sets up the chemical alarm system for monitoring within five minutesof occupying the position.

*+7. The leaders position crew-served weapons and special weapons.

a. Position antiarmor weapons to cover enemy armored avenues ofapproach.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control anddesignate sectors of fire.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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b. Position antiarmor weapons inside buildings with adequate space andventilation for backblast (on upper floors, if possible, for long-rangeshots).

c. Position MGs/SAWs to cover enemy dismounted avenues of approach.(Place them near ground level to increase grazing fires. If ground rubbleobstructs grazing fires, MGs/SAWs are placed in the upper stories of thebuilding).

d. Ensure weapons are mutually supporting and are tied-in with adjacentunits.

8. The platoon leader establishes leader positions.

a. Places the platoon/squad CP in a covered and concealed locationwhere he can view and control the battle.

b. Establishes communications from the platoon CP to all squadpositions. The CP should have multiple means of communication.

9. The squad/team leaders position remaining squad/team members.

a. Assign each member a position with primary and secondary sectors offire.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunication capabilities of the unit while defending a building.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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b. Make sure positions permit interlocking fires.

*10. The gunners prepare range cards. Squad leaders prepare sectorsketches and submit a copy to the platoon leader.

*+11. The platoon leader prepares a platoon sector sketch and sends acopy to the company commander.

+12. The platoon members prepare fighting positions. Hasty positionsare improved as time permits.

a. Physically reconnoiter in front of the position to become familiar withthe terrain and to locate dead space.

b. Make physical contact with adjacent positions and select covered andconcealed routes to these locations.

c. Clear fields of fire.

d. Prepare loopholes.

e. Prepare range cards, aiming stakes, sector stakes, and TRP markings.

f. Identify and secure subterranean avenues of approach (sewers,basements, staircases, and rooftops).

g. Construct overhead cover for fighting positions (inside and outside).

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control anddesignate sectors of fire.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for creating loopholes, soldiers shouldconsider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes,sledgehammers etc, to create loopholes.

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h. Camouflage positions.

i. Stockpile ammunition, food, fire-fighting equipment, and drinkingwater.

j. Mark the engagement area (engagement lines, TRPs) IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems.

*+13. The platoon/squad leader conducts rehearsals with key leaders.

*14. The platoon/squad leader continues coordination with adjacentunits.

a. Establishes responsibility for overlapping enemy avenues of approachbetween adjacent squads and platoons.

b. Exchanges information on OP locations, unit signals, and passagepoints.

15. The platoon/squad installs wire communications as time permits.

a. Lays wire between the platoon CP and the squads.

b. Employs switchboards or hot loops as appropriate.

16. The platoon/squad constructs barriers and obstacles to deny theenemy access to streets, underground passages, and buildings, and toslow his movement (including rooftops and in all buildings) IAW theplatoon or company obstacle plan. (See T&EO 7-3-4404, Construct anObstacle.)

a. Integrates barriers and/or obstacles with the platoon/squad’s keyweapons.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark the engagement area.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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b. Covers all barriers and obstacles by fire (direct and indirect) and/orobservation.

c. Conceals the obstacle from enemy observation as much as possible.

d. Erects the obstacle in an irregular pattern.

e. Employs the obstacle in depth (if possible).

f. Ties the obstacle in with existing obstacles.

*17. The platoon leader revises the fire support plan (with the platoonFO) to ensure that the direct and indirect fire plan support the concept ofthe defense, to include FPF and fires used to support repositioning theplatoon to alternate or supplementary positions (digitally, if applicable).

a. Covers likely avenues of approach.

b. Covers obstacles.

c. Covers the enemy avenues of approach.

d. Covers known or likely enemy positions.

e. Covers final protective fires (if applicable).

f. Covers counterattack plan.

18. The platoon/squad improves movement routes between platoon/squadpositions and to alternate and supplementary positions.

a. Improves routes by digging trenches, using sewers and tunnels,creating mouseholes, and emplacing ropes for climbing and rappelling.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast,Entry Frame Munition (EFM), or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) forcreating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior ofbuildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement inand through buildings.

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b. Marks routes between positions.

*19. At the platoon level, the platoon leader develops a counterattackplan for each likely enemy course of action.

a. Designates the counterattack force.

b. Ensures the counterattack force is allocated demolitions, antiarmorassets, and extra grenades.

c. Designates and, if appropriate, marks routes for counterattack.

d. Ensures the plan is rehearsed during day and at night.

*20. The platoon/squad leader prepares and rehearses the withdrawalplan.

a. Ensures that subordinate leaders plan and disseminate primary andalternate withdrawal signals.

b. Designates and, if appropriate, marks primary, alternate andsupplementary withdrawal routes.

c. Ensures the withdrawal plan is rehearsed during day and at night.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the useof nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades toprevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’tappropriate or available for breaching, leaders should consider the useof breaching devices to create mouseholes and loopholes.

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+21. The platoon/squad defends against an assault.

a. The platoon leader reports the situation to the company commander(digitally, if applicable).

b. The platoon leader calls in OPs (The platoon leader may decide toleave an OP in place if the personnel manning it can provide effectiveflanking fires, their position affords them adequate protection, ortheir return will compromise the platoon position).

c. Calls for and adjusts indirect fire when the enemy is at the greatestrange.

d. Initiates direct fire engagement of the attacking enemy IAW thecompany or platoon fire plan. Antiarmor weapons conduct initialengagement simultaneously, if possible.

e. Uses direct and indirect fire to separate the enemy fighting vehiclesfrom the infantry who are providing security for the vehicles.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunications between the CP and OP.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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f. Executes the company or platoon barrier plan to impede and canalizeenemy vehicles and personnel into planned fires.

g. Employs smoke to blind the vehicles.

h. Executes counterattack plans, if required.

i. The platoon leader moves elements between primary, alternate, andsupplementary positions to complete the destruction or expulsion of theenemy force.

22. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes during lulls in the fighting.

a. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes squads and other elements asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation andReorganization.)

b. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties as necessary. (See T&EO7-3/4-1504, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.)

c. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (SeeT&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materialand T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants DuringOperations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, EvacuateCooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA)“Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stopeither in the body or in the wall.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, safetyglasses should be worn to protect eyes from fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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*d. The platoon leader transmits status reports, requests for support andresupply, and enemy information to the company CP IAW the platoonSOP and current orders.

e. Replaces damaged barriers and obstacles, repairs positions, restorescommunications, and posts OPs that were withdrawn during theengagement.

f. Resumes security and patrolling activities.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancetransmissions of reports and requests among the platoon.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Leaders and soldiers should use smalland easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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+23. The platoon/squad continues to defend the battle position/buildinguntil the enemy is repelled or the platoon is ordered to disengage.

24. If the platoon leader determines the platoon cannot hold its position,he:

a. Reports the situation to the company commander.

b. Requests permission to withdraw.

c. On order, executes the withdrawal plan IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4122,Execute Disengagement.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: ATTACK IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to attack in a built-up area. TheOPFOR is acting separately or as part of a larger unit. The OPFOR has indirect fireavailable.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR achieves surprise.

2. The OPFOR avoids becoming fixed.

3. The OPFOR accomplishes the assigned task.

a. Seizes the assigned terrain.

OR

b. Penetrates the defense.

OR

c. Forces the platoon to withdraw.

OR

d. Maintains the specified rate of movement.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: MOVE TACTICALLY (7-3/4-1134) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company. Theplatoon/squad must move along a prescribed route or to a destination specified in theOPORD. This route can include movement through a built-up area. Both friendly andenemy forces have indirect fire and CAS available. Some iterations should be performedin MOPP 4. If this route includes movement through a built-up area, the platoon/squadis specifically told whether they are operating under high intensity or under precisionconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons.Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, privateorganizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in thebuilt-up area. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce thecombat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have tooperate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until aspecific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad moves on the specified route or arrives at thespecified destination at the time specified in the order. The enemy does not surprise theplatoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad employs the movement formation andtechnique ordered by the leader. The platoon/squad leader can show the location ofadjacent units during movement. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendlyfire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions inurban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under anyconditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish themission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, theplatoon/squad leader:

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• Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

• Directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures.

*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad preparesfor its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. Inparticular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets,weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must becarried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to theextreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The platoon/squad leader makes a map reconnaissance and chooses aroute for movement that:

a. Offers concealment from ground and air observation.

b. Avoids skylining.

c. Avoids moving directly forward from firing positions.

d. Avoids open areas and potential kill zones.

e. Avoids obvious avenues of approach.

*4. The platoon leader designates the movement technique to be usedbased on METT-T.

a. Uses traveling when enemy contact is not likely.

b. Uses traveling overwatch when enemy contact is likely.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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c. Uses bounding overwatch when enemy contact is expected.

5. The platoon adjusts formation based on METT-T.

a. Closes wedges during limited visibility to maintain visibility betweenindividuals, teams, and squads, and to maintain the rate of movement.

b. Opens wedges as obstructions to movement and control diminish.

6. When the traveling movement technique is performed, the platoon:

a. Spaces the fire teams about 20 meters apart.

b. Moves the squads on a column axis about 20 meters apart.

7. When the traveling overwatch movement technique is performed, theplatoon:

a. Increases the distance between the lead squad and the platoon mainbody 50 meters to 100 meters.

b. Uses traveling overwatch by the lead squad and the trailing squads usetraveling.

8. When the bounding overwatch movement technique is performed bythe platoon under the platoon leader's direction, the platoon leader:

a. Ensures the bounding squad moves in the wedge formation.

b. Moves one squad, while the other squads with the platoon leaderremain in a position to overwatch the bounding squad for its entire bound.

c. Designates the next overwatch position, the routes to be used, and thesectors for the overwatching squads.

d. Ensures bounds do not exceed visual overwatch.

e. Directs bounds to stay within the greatest effective range of theoverwatching weapons and fields of fire.

*9. The platoon leader may choose to move by alternate or successivebounds. When the bounding squad moves, the squad-

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a. Signals to the platoon leader that it is beginning its movement.

b. Uses a covered and concealed route, when available, for its bound.

c. Moves as quickly as possible while maintaining OPSEC.

d. Moves so as not to mask the fires of the overwatching element.

e. Establishes an overwatch position, on completion of its bound, tooverwatch the succeeding bound.

f. Informs the platoon leader that it has finished its bound and is ready tooverwatch.

g. Alerts the platoon leader and overwatching element of any enemydetected, obstacles encountered, or danger areas.

10. The lead team employs a point man or buddy team as far forward asvisual contact allows with the rest of the squad. When the overwatchsquad observes the bounding squad, the overwatch squad:

a. Occupies a position that allows observation and fire to cover thebounding squad's movement to its next overwatch position.

b. Orients weapons on likely enemy positions.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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c. Maintains continuous observation of the bounding squad, its route,and any terrain that can influence that route.

d. Suppresses enemy units so that the bounding element is not fixed, orany enemy detected, based on the SOP and the platoon leader's orders.

e. Alerts the bounding squad and platoon leader of any enemy that itdetects.

f. Prepares to bound when the bounding team assumes the overwatchposition.

11. The platoon maintains security during movement.

a. Maintains visual contact at a normal interval of 10 meters (intervalautomatically expands and contracts based on terrain and visibility).

b. Maintains noise and light discipline.

c. Observes the sectors of responsibility assigned by leaders so the enemycannot approach the platoon within 35 meters and no aircraft can attackthe platoon without warning.

d. Ensures the lead element reports obstacles, enemy contact, or dangerareas to the leader.

*12. The platoon leaders and squad leaders control the platoon'smovement.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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a. Position themselves where they can control movement.

b. Position key weapons where the leaders can control them.

c. Ensure the platoon members react as their leaders do (that is, when hegets down, they get down) and to their leader's visual signals or oralcommands.

d. Assess the terrain for potential danger areas.

e. Use arm and hand or flag signals until contact is made.

f. Use visual and audio signals, such as flares, smoke, whistles, orvoice commands, once contact is made.

*13. The platoon leader maintains the platoon location.

a. Expresses the platoon's location as a six-digit grid coordinate or byusing current operational graphics.

b. Shows the location of all platoon elements and leading, flanking, ortrailing company elements.

14. The platoon moves through a built-up area.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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a. Halts in a covered and concealed position outside of the urban area, ifrequired.

• The platoon seeks cover and concealment and overwatches the urbanarea.

• The platoon leader scans the urban area and determines the routethrough the urban area.

*b. The platoon leader designates the appropriate movement technique,either traveling, traveling overwatch, or bounding overwatch. Theplatoon leader designates movement element and overwatch element.

c. Moves as two elements: a movement element and an overwatchelement. When necessary, the platoon leader determines when theseelements or parts of them exchange roles.

• The movement element (one or two squads/teams if terrain is open [forexample, a wide street]) moves forward and scouts danger areas.

• The overwatch element (the rest of the platoon and supportingweapons) moves behind the lead element and secures the flanks andrear. It also provides fire support.

d. Uses a covered and concealed route whenever possible.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while firing in built up areas. These roundswill penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body orin the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateraldamage to noncombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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• The platoon moves along underground passages, through or behindbuildings, along walls, and over rooftops if the ROE allow.

• The platoon avoids streets, alleys, and other open areas unlessnecessary.

e. Makes the best use of cover and concealment when required to movealong a street.

• Personnel move in appropriate formations along the side of the street,staying close to the buildings without “hugging” the buildings.

• Personnel move quickly and remain dispersed.

• Each soldier is assigned an area to observe on the opposite side of thestreet.

• When moving with two squads abreast, each squad overwatches thebuildings across the street, observing the stories above the oppositesquad.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool,etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid inmovement through an urban area.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entrymunition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes toaid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROEdependent.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

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f. Crosses the urban danger areas using the greatest cover, concealment,speed, and overwatch. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Cross Danger Areas inUrban Terrain.)

• Personnel use smoke, rubble, and debris for cover and concealment.

• An element preferably crosses as a dispersed group at the same timebut may cross in a line, or in a small group as the situation permits.

g. Moves while maintaining security.

• Clears buildings as necessary to continue movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1110, Assault a Building.)

• Identifies, reports, marks, and bypasses enemy obstacles, mines,and booby traps.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider the use of the NLOS radios to reportenemy obstacles and mines.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflightmapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allowreconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning thestrength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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15. The platoon/squad exits the urban area. The platoon leader reportsthat the platoon is through the urban area.

16. The platoon/squad continues the mission.

• Reestablishes movement formation; assumes proper intervals.

OR

• Takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, ExecuteDefense, and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote-marking munition to mark obstacles and minesand/or bypass locations.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of themain element.

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TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit.The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit. The OPFOR hasindirect fire and CAS available.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR surprises the platoon/squad main body.

2. The OPFOR delays the platoon/squad beyond its allotted time.

3. The OPFOR prevents the platoon/squad from moving to its assigned destination oralong its prescribed route.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD

TASK: CLEAR A ROOM (7-3/4-XXX2) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment.The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear thebuilding. The squad is inside the building and is directed to enter and clear a room.Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whetherit is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictiveRules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supportedonly by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations,nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may bepresent on the battlefield and in the room. The presence of civilians can restrict the useof fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. The squad mayhave to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until aspecific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The squad enters, clears, and secures the room by killing,capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the room. The squadmaintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conductingfurther combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leadersmust include the precise use of weapons in planning for missions in urban terrain. Urbanterrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateraldamage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squadcomplies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. In particular, the squadleader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

*+a. The squad leader designates a fire team as the assault element toenter and clear the room. When full four-man teams are not available forroom clearing, three-man and two-man teams may be used.

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*b. If a breach is required for entry, the squad leader designates abreaching technique and may designate a breaching element. He ensuresthat the assault element is organized in the appropriate manner for thebreach.

*c. The squad leader designates the breach (entry) point. The breach(entry) point will be determined by the construction of the building and theresources available.

*d. The squad leader designates a support element to provide security, ifappropriate. If security is provided by the platoon, the other fire teammay be organized as a second assault element.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consideremployment of the M203 TPT round as a remote-marking munition tomark the entry point.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool,etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid inmovement through an urban area.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entrymunition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes toaid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROEdependent.

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*+2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its missionIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leadersin the squad must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, andweapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must becarried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to theextreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing rooms, squad members should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built-up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit“intercom”.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered as being monitored byenemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimumof technology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The squad leader positions himself to best control the assault,breaching, and support elements.

*4. The squad leader directs the members to approach the breach (entry)point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree securityduring movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in UrbanTerrain.)

5. The squad leader ensures that members use appropriate individualmovement techniques.

6. Once stationary in the vicinity of the last covered and concealedposition prior to the breach (entry) point, the assault element:

a. Stays in a standing or crouched position but not in a kneeling position.

b. Holds their weapons in an appropriate carry position.

c. Ensures the muzzles are not pointed at other members.

d. Signals one another that they are prepared before entering the roomIAW unit SOP.

*7. The squad leader gives the command of execution.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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+8. The breaching element executes the breach of the room (eitherexplosive, ballistic, or mechanical).

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching elementshould consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’sTool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit“intercom”.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered as being monitored byenemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimumof technology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

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9. The breach will normally be followed by throwing a grenade ordistraction device into the room if the situation permits. The squad leaderwill determine what type of grenade or distraction device to use dependingon the ROE and situation.

+10. When the grenade or distraction device explodes or as soon as thebreach is executed if a grenade is not used, the assault element movesthrough the breach (entry) point quickly and clears the room IAW MOUTACTD Handbook #1, Battle Drill 1, Clear a Room.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breachingelement should consider the use of breaching devices such as the riflelaunched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes.

NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside abuilding due to overpressure upon detonation and minimumfiring distance necessary to arm the round.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Soldiers should consider the use of nonlethalstun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent thepossibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

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*11. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark,bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. He ensures that the roomis marked IAW unit SOP and reports to the platoon leader that the squadhas entered and cleared the room.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds”for room clearing. These rounds, which will penetrate humanbodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall, reduce thepossibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The assault team leader cancommunicate to his squad leader any information using the NLOSradio.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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*12. The squad leader determines whether or not the initial assaultelement can continue to clear through the building. The squad leaderrotates assault elements as necessary to keep his soldiers fresh and tocontinue the momentum of the attack.

+13. When the enemy withdraws or the squad completes its mission, thesquad reorganizes and consolidates as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607,Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

14. The squad treats and evacuates the casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

15. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (SeeT&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materialand T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants DuringOperations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, EvacuateCooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield..)

16. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

* A leader task step+ A critical task step

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control anddistribution.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries

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ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: DEFEND A ROOM

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in aroom. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force.

STANDARDS:

The OPFOR element prevents the squad from clearing the room.

a. Retains forces in the room.

b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the room.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD

TASK: CONDUCT MOVEMENT THROUGH A HALLWAY OR SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGEWAY (7-3/4-XXX4) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment.The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building or subterranean area and isrequired to clear the building or subterranean area. The squad is directed to enter andmove through a hallway or a subterranean passageway. Some iterations should beperformed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under highintensity or under precision conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by thecompany's organic weapons. It is given restrictive rules of engagement (ROE) thatmatch the conditions. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernmentorganizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on thebattlefield and in the hallway or subterranean passageway. The presence of civilians canrestrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. Hissquad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certainweapons until a specific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The squad enters, moves through, and exits the hallway orsubterranean passageway. In doing so, it kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of allenemy forces in the hallway or subterranean passageway. The squad maintains asufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting furthercombat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders mustinclude the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urbanterrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateraldamage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squadcomplies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the squadleader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

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*a. The squad leader designates an assault element and a support elementunless support is provided by the platoon. In that case, the squad may beorganized into two assault elements.

*b. The squad leader assigns the assault element the task of movingthrough the hallway or subterranean passageway. The support element istasked to provide security.

*c. The squad leader selects a movement technique:

• Traveling.

• Traveling overwatch.

• Bounding overwatch.

*d. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive snipercountermeasures.

*2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in thesquad must vigorously:

• Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessarybased on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additionalammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need toconsider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physicalrequirements of the urban battlefield.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

3. The squad leader moves with the lead assault element during theclearing, positioning himself so as not to interfere with team members’lines of sight or fields of fire.

4. The squad uses nonverbal signaling techniques at least until theelement of surprise is lost. Communication between squad membersshould be rehearsed and understood by all.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the squadcan effectively communicate between members, enhancing thecapability of the squad to accomplish the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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*5. The squad leader may select a movement formation to move andclear down the hallway or subterranean passageway:

a. The Serpentine formation is usually used in narrow hallways orsubterranean passageways.

b. The Rolling-T formation is usually used in wide hallways orsubterranean passageways.

c. The Cross Cover formation is normally used when additional securityis required.

d. Extremely narrow or short hallways or subterranean passageways maynot need a movement technique or clearing formation. The squad leadermay designate buddy teams to assault and clear these hallways orsubterranean passageways. These hallways or subterranean passagewaysshould be designated and treated as danger areas and as extensions of“fatal funnels”.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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*6. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass,and/or clear obstacles and booby traps.

7. The squad moves past hallway or subterranean passageway entrypoints such as doorways.

a. Using an assault element to treat it as a danger area IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain:

OR

b. The assault element leader or a designated soldier may observe aroundthe corner. (See Individual Task 071-326-0541, Perform MovementTechniques in an Urban Environment.)

8. The squad moves past corners or intersections.

a. A single assault element clears corners or T-shaped intersections.

ORb. The squad leader elects to use both fire teams to clear T-shapedintersections.

*9. The squad leader maintains communications with all elements.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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*10. The squad leader determines when to rotate elements duringmovement.

*11. The squad leader reports to the platoon leader when the squadcompletes the movement.

+12. When the squad completes its movement, it consolidates andreorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidationand Reorganization.

+13. The squad treats and evacuates casualties IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505,Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

+*14. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle NoncooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations onthe Urban Battlefield.)

+15. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the assaultelement leader can report to the squad leader effectively utilizing theability of the NLOS to receive and transmit in urban terrain. Thesquad leader can in turn keep the platoon leader informed.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT IN A HALLWAY

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit.The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit in a hallway.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element surprises the squad.

2. a. The OPFOR element delays the squad beyond its allotted time.

OR

b. The OPFOR element prevents the squad from moving to its assigned destination oralong its prescribed route.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD

TASK: CLEAR A STAIRCASE (7-3/4-XXX6) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment.The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear thebuilding. The squad is directed to clear a staircase. Some iterations should beperformed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under highintensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement(ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by thecompany’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernmentorganizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on thebattlefield and in the staircase. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires andcan reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. His squad may have to operatewith “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostileaction takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The squad conducts movement up a staircase until it encountersenemy forces. The squad reacts to enemy contact. The squad kills, captures, or forcesthe withdrawal of all enemy forces in the staircase. The squad maintains a sufficientforce capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combatoperations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include theprecise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrainrequires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage islimited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with theROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the squadleader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

*a. The squad leader designates an assault element to clear the staircase.

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*b. The squad leader designates a support element to provide security forthe assault element unless a support element is provided by the platoon.In that case, the squad may be organized into two assault elements.

*c. The squad leader selects an organization for movement in the stairs.The assault element may operate as one element or separate into two-manbuddy teams.

*+2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its missionIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leadersin the squad must vigorously:

• Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessarybased on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additionalammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need toconsider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physicalrequirements of the urban battlefield.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing hallways, squad members should use special protectivegloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*+3. The squad leader ensures 360-degree and three-dimensional securityis maintained in the immediate vicinity of the staircase.

*+4. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark,bypass, and/or clear obstacles/booby traps blocking access to thestaircase.

+5. The assault element moves up the stairs using either:

• The Fire team flow.

• The Buddy team flow.

+6. The assault element secures each landing before continuing up ordown additional flights.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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*7. The squad leader determines when to rotate elements duringmovement and reports the clearing status to the platoon leader.

R-34, Stun Grenade: To prevent the possibility of fratricide orinjury to noncombatants, soldiers should consider the use of nonlethalstun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while clearing staircases. These rounds willpenetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in thewall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or injury tononcombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects such as walls. This could place the unit at asevere disadvantage against an enemy who is not soequipped.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the assaultelement leader can report to the squad leader effectively utilizing theability of the NLOS to receive and transmit in urban terrain. Thesquad leader can in turn keep the platoon leader informed.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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8. Upon encountering enemy forces, the squad takes appropriate action:

• Assaults to secure the landing/flight of stairs by fire and maneuver.

• Stays at the last covered and concealed position until firepower toallow movement up the staircase takes affect. Grenades and M203rounds through windows may accomplish this.

• Requests assistance if the enemy resistance is too great to continuemovement.

9. The squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

10. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

11. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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12. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: DEFEND A STAIRCASE

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element defends a staircase in the OPFOR area ofoperations by preventing movement through it and by securing the staircase. TheOPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element prevents the squad from clearing the staircase.

a. Retains forces in the staircase or on the landings.

b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the staircase (at least onelanding).

2. The OPFOR element infiltrates to positions either in front of or behind the squad thatinfluence the security or movement through the staircase.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD

TASK: ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN A BUILDING (7-3/4-XXX7) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment.The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear thebuilding. The squad is directed to breach, enter, and establish a foothold in thebuilding. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specificallytold whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is givenrestrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad issupported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, governmentorganizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and theinternational press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. The presence ofcivilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to asquad leader. The squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibitthe use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The squad creates a breach to enter the building and kills,captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the initial foothold. The squadmaintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conductingfurther combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leadersmust include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain.Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateraldamage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squadcomplies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop-leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. The squad leader:

a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

b. Identifies and designates:

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• The target building.

• Any obstacles.

• An assault element.

• A support element, if required. The support element may be provided by theplatoon.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect tomark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• A separate breaching element, if appropriate.

• The type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic).

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool,etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid inmovement through an urban area.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entrymunition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes toaid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROEdependent.

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• The size of enemy forces engaging the squad. (The number of enemyautomatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment ofindirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.)

• A primary and alternate breach (entry point). (The squad should enterthe building at the highest level possible and enter the first floor onlywhen forced to.)

• A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point.

The order of march to the breach (entry) point.

• Support by fire positions for the support element, if applicable.

*c. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive snipercountermeasures.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect tomark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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+*2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its missionIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leadersin the squad must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessarybased on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additionalammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need toconsider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physicalrequirements of the urban battlefield.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide,all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification thatclearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them tothe enemy.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

3. The support element conducts movement into position.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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4. The squad leader ensures the support element is in place. The assaultelement conducts movement only after the support element is in positionto isolate the building with direct and indirect fires and providesuppression and obscuration.

5. The squad maneuvers to the last covered and concealed position prior tothe breach (entry) point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, MoveTactically in Urban Terrain.)

6. The squad leader moves with the element where he can best commandand control the squad.

*7. The squad leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) tobreach and enter the building to secure a foothold.

8. The breaching and assault element(s):

a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to thebreach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breachingtechnique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signalingtechniques when appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach.

b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The squad leaders can use theNLOS radio to confirm or deny that the support element is in place andready.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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• Use covered and concealed routes (move along underground passages,through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops; avoidstreets, alleys, and other open areas unless necessary); exploit limitedvisibility conditions whenever possible.

• Conduct movement only after enemy defensive fires are suppressed orobscured.

• Move along routes that do not mask friendly suppressive fires.

• Cross danger areas IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at andCross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.

c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthybreach.

d. Maintain immediate/local three-dimensional and 360-degree securityduring movement and in the vicinity of the breach (entry) point.

+9. The designated breaching element conducts the breach. If at allpossible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does not haveto pause at the breach (entry) point.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The squad leaders can use theNLOS radio to confirm or deny that the support element is in place andready.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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*+10. The assault element under the squad leader's control assaults theobjective building. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate,mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps.

a. Based upon the platoon leader’s guidance, the squad:

• Approaches from the enemy’s flank or rear when possible.

• Enters the building at the highest level possible.

• Enters the first floor only when forced to do so.

• Enters using doors and windows only when forced to by the situationor the ROE.

• Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through a door orwindow.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used oraren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching elementshould consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’sTool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholesto enter a building .

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breachingelement should consider the use of breaching devices such as the riflelaunched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes to enter a building.

NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside abuilding due to overpressure upon detonation and minimumfiring distance necessary to arm the round.

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• Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices ofappropriate type through openings prior to entry if the situation and theROE permit. The ROE and the platoon leader’s decision-makingprocess will determine the type of grenade or distraction devicethrown.

+b. Moves through the entry point as quickly as possible.

+c. Clears the foothold using the techniques IAW FM 7-8, Battle Drill 6,Clear a Room.

• Moves to their respective points of domination that are not in front ofdoors and windows.

• Engages enemy personnel while moving.

• Dominates the room.

+11. If the squad is providing its own support, the support element:

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy who isnot so equipped.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should considerthrowing a nonlethal stun grenade rather than fragmentation grenadesinside the openings to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury tofriendly inhabitants.

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a. Destroys or suppresses enemy weapons that are firing effectivelyagainst the squad. Under precision conditions, to limit collateral damageand noncombatant injuries, fires only on enemy positions that have beenlocated or on locations designated by the squad leader.

b. Shifts suppressive fires.

c. Repositions, if necessary, to continue to isolate and suppress thebuilding from the outside.

d. Ensures that all friendly forces enter the building only through thedesignated entry point.

*12. The squad leader moves into the building with the assault elementor immediately after the assault element signals that it has secured thefoothold.

*13. The squad leader will:

a. Verify that the foothold is clear.

b. Mark the entry point IAW unit SOP.

c. Notify the platoon leader that the squad has gained a foothold in thebuilding.

d. Call for the support element to move into the building, if applicable.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can use theNLOS radio to communicate any information his team members to thesquad leader. The squad leader can in turn contact the platoon leaderand can call forward the support element.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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14. The support element moves through the same entry point on orderfrom the squad leader.

*+15. The squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes the squad asnecessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation andReorganization.

16. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EOTask 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

17. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

18. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: PREVENT ENTRY INTO A BUILDING

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in abuilding and to prevent entry. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part ofa larger force. The OPFOR element may have indirect fire available.

STANDARDS: The OPFOR element:

a. Prevents the squad from creating a breach.

b. Prevents the squad from entering the entry point/building.

c. Counterattacks, regains the entry point, and ejects the squad from the building.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: CONDUCT SUBTERRANEAN CLEARING OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (7-3/4-XXX9) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon/squad is directed to conduct subterranean clearing operations.Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically toldwhether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is givenrestrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantryplatoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians,government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and theinternational press may be present on the battlefield and in the subterranean area. Thepresence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat poweravailable to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “nofire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile actiontakes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad enters, clears, and secures the subterraneanarea by killing, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces. Theplatoon/squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattackand conducting further combat operations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties fromfriendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning formissions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower underany conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish themission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically,the platoon/squad leader:

• Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

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• Organizes the platoon/squad for the mission.

• Designates the element that will enter first.

• Designates the remainder of the platoon/squad to provide security ofthe entrance location and may also provide security at entrancelocations above ground along the route of the tunnel.

• Determines the route, if not provided.

• Establishes control measures and communication necessary such aslandlines trailed behind lead elements.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• Plans for actions on enemy contact along the route.

• Plans for the evacuation of any casualties.

*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad preparesfor its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. Inparticular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously:

• Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determines the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, andweapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must becarried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to theextreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered for communications whileconducting subterranean operations. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

3. The platoon/squad moves to the entrance to the tunnel, often amanhole cover. Once the area is secured, the cover is removed. Noentry should be made for 15 minutes when possible, allowing the gases todissipate.

a. If the situation dictates, drops a stun or fragmentation grenade as thecover is removed.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing tunnels, soldiers should use special protective gloves andsleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built upareas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems. This will allowreconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning thestrength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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b. Once the 15 minutes has expired, the lead man drops down inside thetunnel.

c. The lead man checks to determine whether the air is breathable and how much thesize of the tunnel restricts movement. Once he identifies that the area is clear, the restof the team enters.

*4. The element conducts clearance of the tunnel.

a. The assault element is reorganized based on the size of the tunnel.

*b. The platoon/squad leader directs the element to locate, mark,bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps.

c. Additional teams can enter the tunnel as the clearance progresses,although the extreme effects of blast will make it necessary to use theminimum of men below ground.

d. The lead element clears blind corners and intersections.

e. The remaining elements will follow one complete junction behindcarrying out the same drills, doing pace checks, communication checks(visual, verbal, landline, or radio, if possible), route marking, and rearsecurity.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the useof nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades toprevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

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*e. The platoon/squad leader determines when to rotate lead elementsduring clearing.

*5. The assault element exits the tunnel. If exiting at a position otherthan the entry position, it must be done as silently and as carefully aspossible with one man covering from the tunnel exit while anotherreconnoiters its immediate area.

+6. The platoon/squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

+7. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

8. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle NoncooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations onthe Urban Battlefield.)

9. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered for communication while conductingsubterranean operations.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: DEFEND A SUBTERRANEAN AREA

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element blocks movement into the OPFOR area ofoperations by defending a subterranean avenue of approach. The OPFOR element mayact separately or as part of a larger unit.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element prevents movement through the subterranean avenue ofapproach by fixing the platoon/squad or forcing the withdrawal of the platoon/squad.

2. The OPFOR element infiltrates to positions either above or below ground thatinfluence the platoon’s/squad's security or movement through the tunnel.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: CONDUCT DEFENSIVE SUBTERRANEAN OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (7-3/4-XX15) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon/squad is directed to conduct defensive subterraneanoperations. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad isspecifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precisionconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons.Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, privateorganizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in thesubterranean area. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reducethe combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have tooperate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until aspecific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad enters the subterranean area and completesall specified defensive preparations NLT the time specified in the order. The enemydoes not surprise the platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad denies the enemy afoothold or any penetration of its position, or prevents enemy units of company size orsmaller from moving through the subterranean area, or destroys attacking enemy units ofcompany size or smaller, or forces the enemy to withdraw. The platoon/squad suffersno casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons intheir planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application offirepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary toaccomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically,the platoon/squad leader:

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• Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

• Organizes the platoon/squad for the mission.

• Designates the element that will enter first.

• Designates the remainder of the platoon/squad to provide security ofthe entrance location and may also provide security at entrancelocations along the route of the tunnel above ground.

• Determines the route, if not provided.

• Establishes control measures and communication necessary such aslandlines trailed behind lead elements.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas, buildings, andother objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objectivearea without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentionsof the main element.

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• Plans for actions on enemy contact along the route.

• Plans for the evacuation of any casualties.

*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad preparesfor its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. Inparticular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously:

• Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, andweapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must becarried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to theextreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered for communications whileconducting subterranean operations. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide,all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification thatclearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them tothe enemy.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing tunnels, soldiers should use special protective gloves andsleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built upareas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while firing in built up areas. These roundswill penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body orin the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateraldamage to noncombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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*+3. The platoon/squad leader conducts a reconnaissance of thesubterranean area, if possible. If the enemy situation is unclear, thesubterranean area may have to be cleared IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XXX9,Conduct Subterranean Clearing Operations in an Urban Environment.

a. Issues a contingency plan to appropriate personnel before thereconnaissance party departs.

b. Approaches the position and conducts the reconnaissance. Theplatoon leader may have with him the FO, RATELO, squad leaders, andsecurity elements. Squad leaders should determine who will conduct thereconnaissance with him.

c. Ensures the security elements establish local security during thereconnaissance and battle position occupation.

d. Confirms and/or modifies the platoon/squad tentative positions andfire plans.

e. Ensures the position is free of enemy, mines, and obstacles.

+f. Develops a tentative direct fire engagement plan IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems.

*g. Assigns squad/fire team sectors and OP locations. Plans for OPs tohave multiple methods of communications, if available.

h. Designates the location for the platoon early warning system, ifavailable; the chemical-alarm system, if available; and the platoon CP.

*+i. Selects initial key weapons and crew-served weapon positions tocover likely avenues of approach.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas. This will allowreconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning thestrength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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NOTE: It is important to reconnoiter the position from the enemyperspective, if possible, to know how the position should bedefended.

*4. Ensures the position is free of noncombatants or removes them, ifnecessary, from the area of operations before occupation of the position.(See T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants DuringOperations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, EvacuateCooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

5. The platoon/squad leader returns to the platoon/squad position or callsthe platoon/squad forward.

a. Moves the platoon/squad on covered and concealed routes IAWT&EO 4-3/4-4134, Move Tactically and T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, MoveTactically in Urban Terrain.

b. Enforces camouflage, noise, light, and litter discipline.

c. Maintains security during movement IAW T&EO 4-3/4-1134, MoveTactically.

d. Directs the squads/teams to occupy designated positions at the sametime, if possible.

*+6. The platoon/squad occupies the position; the platoon/squad leader:

a. Establishes security (to include OPs, hasty perimeter, or securitypatrols). Emplaces at least one OP with communications within fiveminutes of occupation so that the main body is warned before an enemyattack.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to secure and controlnoncombatants such as civilian detainees.

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b. Determines and confirms the engagement areas (where he plans to kill the enemy)and determines the decision points.

+c. Assigns sectors of fire, engagement priorities, and other fire controlmeasures IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems.

d. Develops an obstacle and direct-fire plan (digitally, if applicable).

e. Emplaces the platoon early warning system.

f. Sets up the chemical alarm system for monitoring within five minutesof occupying the position.

*+7. The leaders position crew-served weapons and special weapons.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control anddesignate sectors of fire.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunication capabilities of the unit while defending a building.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas. This will allowreconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning thestrength, location, or intentions of the main element.

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a. Position MGs/SAWs to cover avenues of approach.

b. Ensure weapons are mutually supporting and are tied-in with adjacentunits, if applicable.

*8. The platoon leader establishes leader positions.

a. Places the platoon/squad CP in a covered and concealed locationwhere the platoon/squad leader can control the battle.

b. Establishes communications from the platoon CP to all squadpositions. The CP should have multiple means of communication.

9. The squad/team leaders position remaining squad/team members.

a. Assign each member a position with primary and secondary sectors offire.

b. Make sure positions permit interlocking fires if that is possible in thesubterranean environment.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunication capabilities of the unit while defending a subterraneanarea.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control anddesignate sectors of fire.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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*10. The gunners prepare range cards and squad leaders prepare sectorsketches and submit a copy to the platoon leader.

*+11. The platoon leader prepares a platoon sector sketch and sends acopy to the company commander.

+12. The platoon members prepare fighting positions. Hasty positionsare improved as time permits.

a. Physically reconnoiter in front of the position to become familiar withthe terrain and to locate dead space.

b. Make physical contact with adjacent positions and select covered andconcealed routes to these locations.

c. Clear fields of fire.

d. Prepare loopholes, if applicable.

e. Prepare range cards, aiming stakes, sector stakes, and TRP markings.

f. Camouflage positions.

g. Stockpile ammunition, food, fire-fighting equipment, and drinkingwater.

h. Mark the engagement area (engagement lines, TRPs) IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems.

*+13. The platoon/squad leader conducts rehearsals with key leaders.

*14. The platoon/squad leader continues coordination with adjacentunits.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark the engagement area.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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a. Establishes responsibility for overlapping enemy avenues of approachbetween adjacent squads and platoons if that is possible depending on thetype of subterranean area.

b. Exchanges information on OP locations, unit signals, and passagepoints.

15. The platoon/squad installs wire communications as time permits.

a. Lays wire between the platoon CP and the squads.

b. Employs switchboards or hot loops as appropriate.

16. The platoon/squad constructs barriers and obstacles to deny theenemy access to underground passages and to slow his movement IAWthe platoon or company obstacle plan IAW T&EO 7-3-4404, Construct anObstacle.

a. Integrates barriers and or obstacles with the platoon/squad’s keyweapons.

b. Covers all barriers and obstacles by fire and/or observation.

c. Conceals the obstacle from enemy observation as much as possible.

d. Erects the obstacle in an irregular pattern.

e. Employs the obstacle in depth (if possible).

f. Ties the obstacle in with existing obstacles.

*17. The platoon leader revises the fire plan to ensure that it supports theconcept of the defense, to include fires used to support repositioning theplatoon to alternate or supplementary positions.

a. Covers likely enemy avenues of approach.

b. Covers obstacles.

c. Covers known or likely enemy positions.

d. Covers counterattack plan.

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18. The platoon improves movement routes between platoon positions aswell as to alternate and supplementary positions and marks routes betweenpositions.

*19. The platoon leader develops a counterattack plan for each likelyenemy course of action.

a. Designates the counterattack force.

b. Ensures the counterattack force is allocated demolitions and extragrenades.

c. Designates and, if appropriate, marks routes for counterattack.

d. Ensures the plan is rehearsed during the day and at night.

*20. The platoon leader prepares and rehearses the withdrawal plan.

a. Ensures that leaders plan and disseminate primary and alternatewithdrawal signals.

b. Designates and, if appropriate, marks primary, alternate andsupplementary withdrawal routes.

c. Ensures the withdrawal plan is rehearsed during the day and at night.

+21. The platoon/squad defends against an assault.

a. The platoon leader reports the situation to the company commander.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the useof nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades toprevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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b. The platoon leader calls in OPs. The platoon leader may decide toleave an OP in place if the personnel manning it can provide effectiveflanking fires, their position affords them adequate protection, or theirreturn will compromise the platoon position.

c Initiates engagement of the attacking enemy IAW the company orplatoon fire plan.

d. Executes the platoon barrier plan to impede and canalize personnelinto planned fires.

e. Executes counterattack plans, if required.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancecommunications between the CP and OP.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

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f. The platoon leader moves elements between primary, alternate, andsupplementary positions to complete the destruction or expulsion of theenemy force.

22. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes during lulls in the fighting.

a. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes squads and other elements asnecessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation andReorganization.

b. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO7-3/4-1504, Treat and Evacuate Casualties).

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered for communication while conductingsubterranean operations.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA)“Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stopeither in the body or in the wall.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, safetyglasses should be worn to protect eyes from fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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c. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (SeeT&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materialand T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants DuringOperations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, EvacuateCooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

*+d. The platoon leader transmits status reports, requests for support andresupply, and enemy information to the company CP IAW the platoonSOP and current orders.

e. Replaces damaged barriers and obstacles, repairs positions, restorescommunications, and posts OPs that were withdrawn during theengagement.

f. Resumes security and patrolling activities.

+23. The platoon/squad continues to defend until the enemy is repelledor is ordered to disengage.

24. If the platoon leader determines the platoon cannot hold its position,he:

a. Reports the situation to the company commander.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhancetransmissions of reports and requests among the platoon.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Leaders and soldiers should use smalland easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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b. Requests permission to withdraw.

c. On order, executes the withdrawal plan IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4122,Execute Disengagement.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: INFILTRATE/EXFILTRATE USING SUBTERRANEAN ROUTES OFAPPROACH

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element conducts penetration of the EXFOR area ofoperations by infiltrating or exfiltrating through a subterranean route.

OR

The OPFOR element attacks through the subterranean area. The OPFOR element mayact separately or as part of a larger unit.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR achieves surprise.

2. The OPFOR avoids becoming fixed.

3. The OPFOR element accomplishes the assigned task.

a. Infiltrates to positions either above or below ground that influence theplatoon’s/squad's security or positions in the tunnel.

OR

b. Exfiltrates through the subterranean area.

OR

c. Seizes the assigned terrain.

OR

d. Penetrates the defense.

OR

e. Forces the platoon/squad to withdraw.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: REACT TO SNIPERS IN MOUT (7-3/4-XX10) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon/squad is moving in an urban environment and is fired uponby a sniper and is required to react. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4.The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity orunder precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) thatmatch the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’sorganic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations,private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and inthe area of operation. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and canreduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad mayhave to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until aspecific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad reacts immediately to the sniper fire. Theplatoon/squad kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of the enemy sniper whiledisengaging the element in the kill zone. The platoon/squad maintains a sufficient forcecapable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations.The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include theprecise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrainrequires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage islimited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complieswith the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

+1. The element in the kill zone reacts to enemy sniper fire.

a. Immediately returns fire, takes up the nearest covered positions, andthrows smoke grenades if possible. With accurate return fire, theelement can mark the location of the sniper for the remainder of theplatoon/squad.

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b. Alerts the remainder of the platoon/squad/team to the direction of thesniper, if known.

c. Suppresses the sniper’s position so that the remainder of the unit canmaneuver against the sniper.

*2. Leaders control their units’ actions. Leaders:

a. Control fires using standard fire commands.

b. Locate and engage known or suspected enemy sniper positions withwell-aimed fire.

c. Ensure that personnel maintain contact with the personnel on their leftand right.

d. Ensure that personnel maintain contact with their leaders and reportthe location of the enemy sniper position.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider the useof the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to mark asniper’s position for target designation.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use ofthe NLOS radios to transmit information such as CONTACT andSPOT reports involving sniper activity.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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e. Check the status of their personnel.

f. Pass all information up the chain of command.

*3. The platoon/squad leader moves to the best position possible tocontrol the fire and movement while controlling the suppression of thesniper. The platoon/squad leader:

a. Determines whether or not the element in the kill zone can and shouldmove out of the engagement area.

b. Determines whether or not he can gain and maintain suppressive fireswith the element in the kill zone (based on the volume and accuracy ofenemy fires against the element in the kill zone).

c. Develops the situation through fire and/or maneuver. He gathersinformation from subordinate leaders.

d. Determines the next course of action based on his companycommander's/platoon leader's intent and specified and implied tasks aswell as the information gained when developing the situation.

e. Reports the situation to the company commander/platoon leader withhis recommendation.

f. Calls for and adjusts indirect and direct fires from heavy weapons orclose air support as required and as allowed by the ROE.

4. The elements not in the kill zone react to the sniper fire.

a. Move by covered and concealed routes to positions that isolate thebuilding from which the sniper had fired.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider the useof the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to mark asnipers position for target designation.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

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b. Assault and clear the building IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1110, Assault aBuilding.

5. When the enemy is killed, captured, or withdraws or theplatoon/squad completes its disengagement, the platoon/squadconsolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607,Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

6. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

7. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

8. The platoon/squad continues the mission.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: ENGAGE PLATOON

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element sniper is ordered to locate and engage friendlyforces. The OPFOR element sniper may act separately or as part of a larger unit.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element sniper surprises the platoon/squad.

2. The OPFOR element sniper disrupts the platoon's/squad's primary mission, inflictscasualties, and forces the platoon/squad to divert personnel and resources to hisdestruction.

3. The OPFOR element sniper prevents the platoon/squad from locating and suppressinghis fires.

4. The OPFOR element sniper breaks contact and evades friendly actions.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: MOVE TACTICALLY IN URBAN TERRAIN (7-3/4-XX11) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in urban terrain.Given a detailed map or sketch of the area, the platoon/squad must move along aprescribed route or to a destination specified at the time specified in the OPORD withinthe built-up area. Both friendly and enemy forces may have indirect fire and CASavailable. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP4. The platoon/squad isspecifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precisionconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons.Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, privateorganizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and along theroute. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combatpower available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with“no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostileaction takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad moves on the specified route or arrives at thespecified destination in the OPORD at the specified time. The enemy does not surprisethe platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad employs the movement formation andtechnique ordered by the leader. The platoon/squad leader can show the location ofadjacent units during movement. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendlyfire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions inurban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under anyconditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish themission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

+*1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, theplatoon/squad leader must include the precise use of weapons in hisplanning.

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+*2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad preparesfor its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. Inparticular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously:

• Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessarybased on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additionalammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need toconsider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physicalrequirements of the urban battlefield.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing hallways, squad members should use special protectivegloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*+3. The platoon/squad leader makes a map reconnaissance and, if notgiven a prescribed route, selects a route. He plans movement that:

a. Offers concealment from ground and air observation.

b. Avoids skylining.

c. Avoids moving directly forward from firing positions.

d. Avoids open areas and potential kill zones.

e. Avoids obvious avenues of approach.

f. May include infiltration as a maneuver to place small teams intoposition.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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*4. If appropriate, the platoon/squad leader designates the movementtechnique to be used based on METT-T and designates the movementelement and the overwatch element.

a. Uses traveling when enemy contact is not likely.

b. Uses traveling overwatch when enemy contact is likely.

c. Uses bounding overwatch when enemy contact is expected.

5. The platoon/squad moves through a built-up area.

a. The platoon/squad normally moves as two elements: a movementelement and an overwatch element. When necessary, these elementsor parts of them exchange roles. If moving in small elements, there maynot be designated overwatch elements.

• The movement element (one or two squads/teams if terrain is open asin a wide street) moves forward, scouts danger areas, and closes withthe enemy.

• The overwatch element (the rest of the platoon/squad and supportingweapons) moves behind the lead element and secures the flanks andrear.

• Elements moving by themselves or infiltrating may not have supportelements.

• The platoon/squad leader determines when to rotate elements duringmovement.

b. The platoon/squad uses a covered and concealed route wheneverpossible.

• The platoon/squad moves along underground passages IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XXX4, Conduct Movement Through a Hallway or SubterraneanPassageway, through or behind buildings, along walls, and overrooftops.

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• The platoon/squad avoids streets, alleys, and other danger areasunless necessary.

c. The platoon/squad makes the best use of cover and concealment whenmoving, moving in the street only when required by the ROE or thesituation. When forced to move in the street:

• Elements move in single file along the side of the street, staying closeto the buildings without “hugging” walls.

• Elements move quickly and members remain dispersed.

• Each soldier is assigned an area to observe so that there is observationin 360-degrees and in all dimensions.

• When moving with two squads/teams abreast, a technique is to haveeach squad/team overwatch the buildings across the street, observingthe stories above the opposite squad.

• Elements use smoke, rubble, and debris for cover and concealment.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool,etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid inmovement through an urban area.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entrymunition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes toaid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROEdependent.

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+d. The platoon/squad crosses the urban danger areas using the greatestcover, concealment, speed, and overwatch. An element normallycrosses as a dispersed group at the same time but METT-T conditions maycause the element leader to decide to cross in buddy teams or individually.(See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area inUrban Terrain.)

+e. The platoon/squad moves while maintaining security.

• The platoon/squad clears buildings as necessary to continuemovement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1110, Assault a Building.)

• The platoon/squad identifies, reports, marks, and bypasses enemyobstacles, mines, and booby traps.

*f. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive snipercountermeasures.

+6. The platoon/squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

+7. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

8. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

9. The platoon/squad continues its mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit.The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit. The OPFOR elementhas indirect fire and CAS available.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element surprises the platoon/squad main body.

2. The OPFOR element hinders movement significantly:

a. The OPFOR element delays the platoon/squad beyond its allotted time.

OR

b. The OPFOR element prevents the platoon/squad from moving to its assigneddestination or along its prescribed route.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: PERFORM ACTIONS AT AND CROSS A DANGER AREA IN URBAN TERRAIN (7-3/4-XX12) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. The platoon/squad is moving within an urban environment. As theymove, they encounter danger areas and are required to perform actions at and cross them.Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically toldwhether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is givenrestrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantryplatoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians,government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and theinternational press may be present on the battlefield and in the area of operations. Thepresence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat poweravailable to a platoon/squad leader. The platoon/squad may have to operate with “nofire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile actiontakes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad crosses the danger area. The platoon/squadmaintains a sufficient force capable of conducting further combat operations. Theplatoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the preciseuse of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requiresprecise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited tothe extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with theROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader directs his element to take action onencountering a danger area.

a. Ensures the lead element signals "danger area" (relayed throughout theplatoon).

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b. Halts the platoon and maintains local security. Hasty fightingpositions are occupied as required.

c. Moves forward to the lead element and confirms the danger area.Urban danger areas include but are not limited to:

• Open areas.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use ofthe NLOS radios to transmit information such as observation of adanger area. This type of radio may also be able to provide the userwith hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation,and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, itmay provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensuretheir NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of themission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• Parking lots and garages.

• Streets, alleys, and roadways.

• Intersections.

• Rooftops.

*2. The platoon/squad leader organizes the unit into a lead element and asupport element.

3. The support element sets up overwatch for the lead element.

*4. The platoon/squad leader directs the lead element to reconnoiter thedanger area and locate any way to bypass it and makes an estimate basedon information received.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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a. Directs the route for the platoon/squad, if the danger area can bebypassed. Minimum time is spent in or near the danger area.

b. Controls the crossing of the danger area. The platoon/squad leader:

• Informs all squad/team leaders of the situation.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use ofthe NLOS radios to transmit information such as observation of adanger area. This type of radio may also be able to provide the userwith hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation,and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, itmay provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensuretheir NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of themission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• Designates the near side and far side rally points, if applicable.

• Ensures that the platoon/squad continues to maintain security in 360degrees and in three dimensions.

• Selects the crossing point that best provides cover and concealment.

*5. The platoon/squad leader selects the far-side clearing method basedon observable terrain. The platoon/squad leader may be restricted toclearing the far side by only visual means due to the restrictions of theurban terrain. The far side must be large enough to allow full deploymentof the platoon/squad.

+6. The platoon/squad leader ensures:

a. Observation and security to the flanks.

b. Overwatch of the crossing of the far-side security team, (if utilized).

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may beused as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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c. Warning of enemy approach before the main body is engaged.

7. If utilized, the far-side team reconnoiters the far side.

a. Crosses the danger area as directed.

b. Reconnoiters the far side and ensures that any terrain (rubble,buildings, vehicles) that might conceal enemy positions is clear of theenemy.

c. Establishes an OP or forward security team forward of the clearedarea.

d. Signals that the area is clear.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control,distribution, and designate locations.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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+8. The platoon/squad crosses the danger area quickly and quietly, ifapplicable, using the method designated by the platoon/squad leader perMETT-T.

• Line (all at once).

• Small groups.

9. If contact is made, the platoon/squad executes Battle Drill 2, React toContact (ARTEP 7-8-DRILL). If engaged by a sniper, react IAW T&EO7-3/4-XX10, React to Sniper in MOUT.

10. The platoon/squad continues to maintain security in 360 degrees andin three dimensions.

+11. The platoon/squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes asnecessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation andReorganization.

12. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use ofthe NLOS radios to transmit information such as an area is clear ofenemy and is ready for occupation.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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13. The platoon/squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWsas necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, HandleNoncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate CooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

14. The platoon/squad continues the mission or takes up hastydefensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense andT&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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TASK: CONTROL A DANGER AREA

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy and defend a position thatcontrols a danger area. The OPFOR element may operate separately or as part of alarger unit.

STANDARDS:

1. The OPFOR element detects the crossing.

2. The OPFOR element surprises the main body.

3. The OPFOR element decisively engages the platoon/squad.

4. The OPFOR element prevents the platoon/squad from crossing at its chosen location.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: HANDLE NONCOOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS ON THE URBAN BATTLEFIELD (7-3/4-XX13) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. During operations, the platoon/squad encounters civilians who do notappear to pose an immediate threat to the platoon/squad but who are unwilling tocooperate in evacuation from the area. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4.The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity orunder precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) thatmatch the conditions. They are told whether or not the civilians that they encounter canbe expected to be friendly, uncertain, or hostile. Other civilians, governmentorganizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and theinternational press may be present on the battlefield. A reception/processing station hasbeen established to receive noncombatants and there may be a company or battalionintermediate collection point.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad identifies the noncombatants, searches them,secures them, safeguards them, and moves them out of the immediate area of operations.The noncombatants are delivered to the reception/processing station or to the collectionpoint. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

1. The platoon/squad encountering civilians completes its originalassigned task IAW the standards appropriate to that task.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

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2. The platoon/squad dominates the area in which the civilians areencountered. In most cases, domination will be accomplished by themere presence of armed men, but the appearance of control must bemaintained at all times.

a. Personnel and equipment are strategically placed to show dominanceand defuse the situation, if required.

b. Control measures are set for expected or unexpected situations.

c. Checkpoints are established and searches conducted if the situationrequires.

d. The element identifies belligerent personnel (leaders) and segregatesthem from the others. It treats them as EPW and speeds them to thecollection point.

3. The platoon/squad maintains 360 degree and three-dimensionalsecurity in the area in which the civilians are encountered.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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4. The platoon/squad searches the civilians and the area in theirimmediate vicinity for weapons.

a. If weapons or uniforms are found, the civilians with them aresegregated from noncombatants and treated like EPW until they areprocessed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.)

b. If the platoon/squad encounters civilians who can be identified asbeing combatants or suspected war criminals, they are segregated fromnoncombatants and they are treated like EPW. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503,Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.)

c. If the platoon/squad has any questions or suspicions about their status,the civilians in question are segregated from noncombatants and aretreated like EPW until they are processed and their exact status can bedetermined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials.)

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control suspectcivilian detainees.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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d. Special consideration must be given to the situation of the press andlocal officials. ROE will give guidance as to whether the local civiliansand officials are to be considered friendly, hostile, or uncertain. ROEwill also give indications on how to handle members of the press. Theunit treats these personnel as directed.

e. The unit keeps identification papers with the civilians, regardless ofstatus, under all circumstances.

f. The unit does not let the presence of civilians prevent it fromcompleting the original assigned mission.

5. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during offensiveoperations. If encountered during a clearing operation, thenoncombatants are secured in place until the room/building is secured.

a. The assault element silences and secures the noncombatants.

b. The support element removes them from the control of the assaultelement or takes over the mission of the assault element.

6. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during a defensiveoperation or when assuming a defensive posture. The noncombatants areremoved as soon as possible so that position preparation may continuewithout being observed by the noncombatants.

a. The assault or initial element silences the noncombatants.

b. The assault or initial element prevents the noncombatants frommoving and/or disrupting operations or endangering friendly forces.

c. If the noncombatants do not follow instructions, they are restrainedand gagged.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control unrulycivilian detainees.

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d. The unit safeguards the noncombatants. It provides humane but firmtreatment at all times to include first aid, if necessary.

e. The support element removes them from the control of the assaultelement or takes over the mission of the assault element.

f. If the noncombatants cannot be immediately removed from theplatoon/squad’s area, they are moved to a location where they may beeasily controlled with the least number of personnel.

7. When the mission permits, the noncombatants are collected andremoved from the building and evacuated to a processing/reception stationor to an intermediate collection point run by the company or battalion.Guards are assigned to escort the noncombatants.

8. The guards escorting the noncombatants are prepared to give conciseinformation to the processing/reception station or intermediate collectionpoint about the original location of the noncombatants and their actionssince being encountered (such as reluctant, totally uncooperative, hostile,etc.).

9. The platoon/squad continues operations.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

WARNINGDo not use materials to gag the noncombatants that willobstruct or restrict their breathing passages.

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TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: Role players are required to be belligerent and noncooperative.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD

TASK: EVACUATE COOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS ON THE URBAN BATTLEFIELD (7-3/4-XX14) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urbanenvironment. During operations, the platoon/squad encounters civilians who do notappear to pose an immediate threat to the platoon/squad and who are willing to cooperatein being evacuated from the area of operations. Some iterations should be performed inMOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told that it is operating under high intensityconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.They are told whether or not the civilians that they encounter can be expected to befriendly, hostile, or uncertain. Other civilians, government organizations,nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may bepresent on the battlefield. A reception/processing station has been established to receivenoncombatants and there may be a company or battalion intermediate collection point.

TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad identifies the noncombatants, secures them,safeguards them, and assists them in moving out of the immediate area of operations.The noncombatants are delivered to the reception/processing station or to the collectionpoint. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

1. The element encountering civilians completes its original assigned taskIAW the standards appropriate to that task.

2. The platoon/squad dominates the area in which the civilians areencountered. In most cases, domination will be accomplished by themere presence of armed men, but the appearance of control must bemaintained at all times.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

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3. The platoon/squad maintains 360-degree and three-dimensionalsecurity in the area in which the civilians are encountered.

4. The platoon/squad searches the area in the immediate vicinity of thecivilians for weapons.

a. If weapons or uniforms are found, the civilians are segregated fromnoncombatants and are treated like EPW until they are processed and theirexact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process EnemyPrisoners of War/Captured Materials.)

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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b. If the platoon/squad encounters civilians who can be identified asbeing combatants or suspected war criminals, they are segregated fromthe noncombatants and are treated like EPW. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503,Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.)

c. If the platoon/squad has any questions or suspicions about their status,they are segregated from noncombatants and are treated like EPW untilthey are processed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.)

d. Special consideration must be given to the situation of the press andlocal officials. ROE will give guidance as to whether the local civiliansand officials are to be considered friendly, hostile, or uncertain. ROEwill also give indications on how to handle members of the press. Theunit treats these personnel as directed.

e. The unit keeps identification papers with the civilians, regardless ofstatus, under all circumstances.

f. The unit does not let the presence of civilians prevent it fromcompleting the original assigned mission.

5. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during offensiveoperations. If encountered during a clearing operation, thenoncombatants are secured in place until the room/building is secured.

a. The assault element silences and secures the noncombatants. Ifpossible, they are evacuated immediately to prevent injuries.

b. The support element removes them from the control of the assaultelement or takes over the mission of the assault element.

6. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during a defensiveoperation or when assuming a defensive posture. The noncombatants areremoved as soon as possible so that position preparation may continuewithout being observed by the noncombatants.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control suspectcivilian detainees.

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a. The assault or initial element silences the noncombatants if requiredfor the security of the mission.

b. If it has not already been accomplished and if available, units shouldhand out flyers which tell the noncombatants that they are being removedfor their own protection and that they will be allowed to return as soon aspossible. These should be prepared by PSYOPS, civil affairs, or publicaffairs personnel or by the local government.

c. The assault or initial element prevents the noncombatants fromdisrupting operations or endangering friendly forces. It does not allownoncombatants to observe operations. In particular, members of thepress must be prevented from filming ongoing operations and defensivepositions.

d. The unit safeguards the noncombatants. It provides humane but firmtreatment at all times to include first aid, if necessary.

7. If the ROE and mission time constraints permit, the unit allows thenoncombatants to gather one suitcase and pets under close supervision.This is not usually practical when assaulting a building.

8. The noncombatants are collected and removed from the building andevacuated to a processing/reception station or to an intermediate collectionpoint run by the company or battalion. Guards are usually assigned toescort the noncombatants. Under certain circumstances, thenoncombatants may be given directions to the collection point and simplyoverwatched until they reach it.

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civiliandetainees.

WARNINGDo not use materials to gag the noncombatants that willobstruct or restrict their breathing passages.

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9. The guards escorting the noncombatants are prepared to give conciseinformation to the processing/reception station or intermediate collectionpoint about the original location of the noncombatants and their actionssince being encountered (such as helpful, etc.).

10. The platoon/squad completes its original assigned task IAW thestandards appropriate to that task.

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: Role players are required to be cooperative civilians.

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ELEMENT: TEAM/ASSAULT ELEMENT

TASK: CLEAR A ROOM (7-3/4-XX16) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The team/assault element is operating as part of a squad in an urbanenvironment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and isrequired to clear the building. The squad is inside the building and is directed to enterand clear a room. The squad leader designates the team as an assault element for roomclearing. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The team/assault element isgiven restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE). The team/assault element is supportedonly by the platoon’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations,nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may bepresent on the battlefield and in the room. The presence of civilians can restrict the useof fires and can reduce the combat power available to a team/assault element leader. Histeam/assault element may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the useof certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The team/assault element enters, clears, and secures the roomby killing, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the room. Theteam/assault element maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemycounterattack and conducting further combat operations. The team/assault elementsuffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weaponsin their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise applicationof firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessaryto accomplish the mission. The team/assault element complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The team/assault element leader conducts troop leading proceduresIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Inparticular, the team/assault element leader must include the precise use ofweapons in his planning.

a. When full four-man teams are not available for room clearing, three-man and two-man teams can be used.

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*b. The team/assault element leader may designate a breach techniqueand a breaching element if these are not designated for him.

*c. The team/assault element leader designates the breach (entry) point.The breach (entry) point will be determined by the construction of thebuilding and the resources available.

R-5, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance and intelligence of a given area.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used oraren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching elementshould consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’sTool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholesto enter a building .

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breachingelement should consider the use of breaching devices such as the riflelaunched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes to enter a building.

NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside abuilding due to overpressure upon detonation and minimumfiring distance necessary to arm the round.

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*+d. The assault element leader assigns tasks to team members.

*+2. The team/assault element leader ensures that the team/assaultelement prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare forCombat. In particular, the team/assault element leader must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition tostandard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, andweapons, additional ammunition, grenades and water must be carried.Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extremephysical requirements of the urban battlefield.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consideremployment of the M203 TPT round as a remote-marking munition tomark the entry point.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering andclearing rooms, squad members should use special protective glovesand sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built-up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal ProtectionEquipment.

CAUTIONProlonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while notsignaling them to the enemy.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The assault element leader directs the members to approach thebreach (entry) point.

4. When moving, members of the assault element use appropriatemovement techniques. The assault element maintains three-dimensionaland 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11,Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.)

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be ableto provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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5. Once stationary in the vicinity of the last covered and concealedposition prior to the breach (entry) point, the assault element:

a. Stays in a standing or crouched position but not in a kneeling position.

b. Holds their weapons in an appropriate carry position.

c. Ensures the muzzles of their weapons are not pointed at othermembers.

d. Signals one another that they are prepared before entering the roomIAW unit SOP.

*6. The assault element leader gives the command of execution.

+7. The breaching element executes the breach of the room (eitherexplosive, ballistic, or mechanical).

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used oraren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching elementshould consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’sTool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breachingelement should consider the use of breaching devices such as the riflelaunched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes.

NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside abuilding due to overpressure upon detonation and minimumfiring distance necessary to arm the round.

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8. The breach will normally be followed by throwing a grenade ordistraction device into the room if the situation permits. If not determinedfor him, the assault element leader will determine what type of grenade ordistraction device to use depending on the ROE and situation.

+9. When the grenade or distraction device explodes or as soon as thebreach is executed if a grenade is not used, the assault element movesthrough the breach (entry) point quickly and clears the room IAW FM 7-8,Battle Drill 6, Clear a Room.

+a. The assault element moves to and eliminates the immediate threat,engaging the most immediate enemy threats first. They move using acareful hurry. They do not rush with total disregard for any obstacles.

+b. The assault element takes up positions inside the room that allow theelement to completely dominate the room and eliminate the threat. Theyengage targets as they move to their designated points. Engagements donot slow their movement to their points of domination. Team membersexercise fire control and discriminate between hostile and noncombatantoccupants of the room.

R-34, Stun Grenade: Soldiers should consider the use of nonlethalstun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent thepossibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds”for room clearing. These rounds, which will penetrate humanbodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall, reduce thepossibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place theunit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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+c. They observe the ceiling, the floor, and the walls for mouseholesand loopholes.

+d. The assault element maintains rear security at the breach (entry) site.

10. Team members stop movement only after they have cleared the doorand reached their designated points of domination. Points of dominationare not in front of doors and windows so team members do not silhouettethemselves.

11. A detailed search is conducted if the tactical situation permits.

*+12. Once the room is cleared, the leader of the assault element signalsto the squad leader that the room has been cleared. The assault elementleader also notifies the squad leader of any information regarding the room(i.e., adjoining rooms, mouseholes, enemy or noncombatants inside,etc.). The room is marked IAW unit SOP.

*13. The assault element leader determines whether or not the assaultelement can continue to clear through the building and reports this statusto the squad leader.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The assault team leader cancommunicate to his squad leader any information using the NLOSradio.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance and intelligence of a given area.

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14. The assault element continues to maintain security in 360-degreesand in three dimensions.

+15. The assault element leader reconsolidates and reorganizes asnecessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation andReorganization.

16. The assault element treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAWT&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

17. The assault element secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants.(See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/CapturedMaterial and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative NoncombatantsDuring Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14,Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the UrbanBattlefield.)

18. The team/assault element continues the mission or takes up hastydefensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense andT&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building).

* A leader task step+ A critical task step

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

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TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: DEFEND A ROOM

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in aroom. The OPFOR is operating separately or as part of a larger force.

STANDARDS:

The OPFOR prevents the team/assault element from clearing the room.

a. Retains forces in the room.

b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the room.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD

TASK: ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN AN UPPER STORY OF A BUILDING (7-3/4-XXX17) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1)

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle)

TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle)

CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment.The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear thebuilding. The squad is directed to breach, enter, and clear a foothold in an upper storyof the building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad isspecifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precisionconditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions.The Infantry squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians,government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, andthe international press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. Thepresence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat poweravailable to a squad leader. His squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROEcan prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place.

NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base thestandards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select theappropriate performance measures.

TASK STANDARDS: The squad creates a breach to enter the building at higher thanground level, enters, and kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forcesin the initial foothold. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling anenemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers nocasualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in theirplanning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application offirepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary toaccomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE.

TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. The squad leader:

a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

b. Identifies and designates:

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• The target building.

• Any obstacles.

• An assault element.

• A support element, if required. The support element may be providedby the platoon.

• A separate breaching element, if appropriate.

• The type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic).

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect tomark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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• The method of gaining access to the upper level entry point.

• The size of enemy forces engaging the squad. (The number of enemyautomatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment ofindirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.)

• A primary and alternate breach (entry) point. The squad should enterthe building at the highest level possible.

• A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entrymunition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes toenter a building.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or arenot appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team shouldconsider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool,etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to entera building.

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect tomark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.

WARNINGThe M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that canricochet and cause injuries.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

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• The order of march to the breach (entry) point).

• Support by fire positions for the support element, if applicable.

*c. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive snipercountermeasures.

+*2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its missionIAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leadersin the squad must vigorously:

• Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

• Enforce the ROE.

• Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessarybased on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additionalammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need toconsider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physicalrequirements of the urban battlefield.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) foroverflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. Thiswill allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemylearning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders shouldconsider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) forreconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and otherobjective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective areawithout the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions ofthe main element.

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R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility offratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means ofidentification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies whilenot signaling them to the enemy.

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates ofinjury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may causediscomfort to soldiers.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free slingfor the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers toremove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weaponpointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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• Conduct rehearsals.

3. If the support element is part of the squad, it conducts movement intoposition.

4. The squad leader ensures that the support element is in place. Theassault element conducts movement only after the support element is inposition to isolate the building with direct and indirect fires and to providesuppression and obscuration.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not soequipped.

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5. The squad maneuvers to the last covered and concealed position prior tothe breach (entry) point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, MoveTactically in Urban Terrain.)

6. The squad leader moves with the element where he can best commandand control the squad.

*7. The squad leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) tobreach and enter the building to secure a foothold.

8. The breaching and assault element(s):

a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to thebreach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breachingtechnique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signalingwhen appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach.

b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also beable to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum bodymovement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. Iffielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unitintercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked andserviceable prior to conduct of the mission.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by theuse of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmitdata.

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• Use covered and concealed routes (moves along undergroundpassages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and overrooftops; avoid streets, alleys, and other danger areas unlessnecessary); exploit limited visibility conditions whenever possible.

• Conduct movement only after enemy defensive fires are suppressed orobscured.

• Move along routes that do not mask friendly suppressive fires.

• Cross danger areas IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at andCross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.

c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthybreach.

d. Maintain immediate/local three-dimensional and 360-degree securityduring movement and in the vicinity of the breach (entry) point.

+9. The designated breaching element conducts the breach. If at allpossible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does not haveto pause at the breach (entry) point.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used oraren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching elementshould consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’sTool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholesto enter a building .

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beastor Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches bothon the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access forassaulting and movement in and through buildings.

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*+10. The assault element under the squad leader’s control assaults theobjective building. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate,mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps.

a. Approaches from the enemy’s flank or rear when possible.

• Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through any location thathas not been explosively breached.

• Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices ofappropriate type through openings prior to entry if the situation and theROE allow. The ROE and squad leader’s decision-making processwill determine the type of grenade or distraction device thrown.

+b. Moves through the entry point as quickly as possible.

+c. Clears the foothold using the same techniques as in MOUT ACTDHandbook #1, Battle Drill 1, Clear a Room.

• Moves to their respective points of domination that are not located infront of doors and windows.

• Engages enemy personnel while moving.

R-34, Stun Grenade: To prevent the possibility of fratricide orinjury to noncombatants, soldiers should consider the use of nonlethalstun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breachingelement should consider the use of breaching devices such as the riflelaunched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to createmouseholes to enter a building.

NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside abuilding due to overpressure upon detonation and minimumfiring distance necessary to arm the round.

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• Dominates the room.

+11. The support element:

a. If providing fire support, destroys or suppresses enemy weapons thatare firing effectively against the squad. Under precision conditions, tolimit collateral damage and noncombatant injuries, fires only on enemypositions that have been identified or on locations designated by the squadleader.

b. Shifts suppressive fires from the upper stories (where the breach isbeing conducted) to other floors of the building.

c. Repositions, if necessary, to continue to isolate and suppress thebuilding from the outside.

d. If providing entry support, moves to the breach (entry) point ahead ofor along with the assault element. Erects ladders and holds them.Throws grappling hooks and pulls the ropes taught. Moves vehicles orother climbing support aids to the breach (entry) point. Assists assaultelement members in climbing.

e. Enters the breach (entry) point immediately after the assault element toprovide support for continued clearing.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility offratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the useof 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "SoftRounds".

WARNINGBecause frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impactwith any surface harder than the projectile itself, eyeprotection should be worn to protect against fragments.

NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firingthrough objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could placethe unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy who isnot so equipped.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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*12. The squad leader moves into the building with the assault elementor immediately after it, bringing in the support element.

*13. The squad leader will:

a. Verify that the foothold is clear.

b. Call for the support element to move into the building, if applicable.

c. Mark the entry point IAW unit SOP.

d. Notify the platoon leader that the squad has gained a foothold in thebuilding.

14. The support element moves through the same entry point to assist insecuring the foothold.

*+15. The squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAWT&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.

16. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary (IAW T&EOTask 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unitTO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urbanterrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communicationcapabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can use theNLOS radio to communicate any information his team members to thesquad leader. The squad leader can in turn contact the platoon leaderand can call forward the support element.

NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions onthese radios must be considered to be monitored by enemyforces, news media, and any entity with a minimum oftechnology. Transmissions must be characterized by the useof call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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17. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants asnecessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners ofWar/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle NoncooperativeNoncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations onthe Urban Battlefield.)

18. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensivepositions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step.+A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK

ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPSEVALUATED

TOTAL TASK STEPS"GO"

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small andeasily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civiliandetainees or captured military personnel.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS

TASK: PREVENT ENTRY INTO A BUILDING

CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in abuilding and to prevent entry. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part ofa larger force. The OPFOR element may have indirect fire available.

STANDARDS: The OPFOR element:

a. Prevents the squad from creating a breach.

b. Prevents the squad from entering the entry point/building.

c. Counterattacks, regains the entry point, and ejects the squad from the building.

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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GLOSSARY

CAS close air supportCP command postCPA controlled penetration ammunition

EPW enemy prisoner of war

FO forward observerFPF final protection fires

IAW in accordance with

LOS line of sight

METT-T mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time availableMG machine gunMOPP mission-oriented protective posture

NLOS non-line-of-sightNLT not later than

OP observation postOPSEC operations security

ROE Rules of Engagement

SAW squad automatic weaponSOP standing operating procedure

T&EO training and evaluation outlineTPT target practice tracer (round)TRP target reference point

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC.MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2

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