CGIAR Research Program

Livestock and Fish II

Research outputs to global development goals

MDGs - SDGs

12-18 years CGIAR SLOs CRP goals

Common IDOs + Target statements + Theory of Change

9-12 years

Value Chain Impact Pathway VC1 Egypt VC2 Uganda VC3 India etc.

Δ behaviour direct benefit 3-yr milestones

0-12 years

CRP Activities + Outputs (research, capacity building, engagement)

IPG Impact Pathway Enabling

Environment 3-yr milestones

Common IDOs across CRPs

• Productivity (crop/system/ food system) • Food security • Nutrition and Health • Income • Gender • Capacity to innovate • Risk Management (adaptive capacity) • Policies – enabling environment/ institutions • Environment • Future Options • Climate

Research outputs to global development goals MDGs - SDGs

12-18 years SLO1 Reduce Poverty

CRP goals

IDO6 Better policies 9-12 years

Value Chain Impact Pathway

0-12 years

CRP Activities + Outputs • Actionable options • Engagement/transformation Process • Evidence base

IPG Impact Pathway

SLO2 Food Security

SLO3 Nutrition & Health

SLO4 Environment

IDO5 Environmental benefits

IDO4 Reduce nutrient gap

IDO3 More employment &

income, esp. for women

IDO1 Improved productivity

IDO2 More & better supply

IDO7 More forage?

Theory of Change assumptions • Addressing whole value chain will improve relevance, uptake and

effectiveness of innovations. • Focus and targeting will increase efficiency and the probability of

achieving proof at scale. • Implementation of demand-driven innovations in the right value

chains with the right partners will accelerate the program’s progress towards achieving outcomes and impact.

• A significant number of pre-commercial smallholders can become market-oriented and intensify production sustainably.

• Pro-poor value chains can compete and generate sufficient incentives to promote investment in intensification.

• The poor rely on animal-source food produced locally by smallholders and from less formal marketing channels.

• The poor will consume more ASF if availability, access and affordability of products improve from those systems.

• Increased and equitable consumption of ASF will improve nutrition and health.

Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathway

Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact

Year 1 Year 8-12

Program horizon in a target value chain

Re

lati

ve d

egr

ee

of

invo

lve

me

nt Research

partners

Development partners

Assessment Mobilization Best bets

Experiments Evaluation Evidence

Design Piloting

Lessons Context

Advocacy Dissemination

Attracting investment

Implementing large-scale interventions

Knowledge partner

Along the impact pathway

Increased number of healthy pigs

Safe pork and pork products

Increased number of off take

Improved income from piggery Increased income

from other enterprises

Better coordination of value chain actors

Increased adoption of technologies

Equitable distribution of income

Better access to markets

PR

OG

RA

M

OU

TPU

T

General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out

the technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain

Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in

piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks

Better prices

Assumptions

No backlash from equitable

distribution of income

Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of

information on ASF

Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets

Assumption

i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery

RE

SE

AR

CH

OU

TC

OM

ES

INT

ER

ME

DIA

TE

O

UT

CO

ME

S

Better animal health approaches

Improved feeds and feeding methods

Innovative pig husbandry and pig management

Better breeds and breeding methods

Strong pig farmer groups

Policy briefs

Innovative linkages to credit providers

Incorporation of gender in value chains

Increased information on technologies

Improved food security Reduced

poverty

Improved nutrition

and health

Sustainable management of

natural resources

Less air and water pollution

SL

Os

Innovative linkages to pig markets

Improved profits (VC actors)

Improved diets

Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway

Par

tici

pat

ory

Imp

act

Pat

hw

ays

An

alys

is

Safe pork and pork products

Increased number of off take

Improved income from piggery

Better coordination of value chain actors

Equitable distribution of income

Better access to markets

PR

OG

RA

M

OU

TPU

T

General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out the

technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain

Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in

piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks

Better prices

Assumptions

No backlash from equitable

distribution of income

Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of

information on ASF

Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets

Assumption

i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery

RE

SE

AR

CH

OU

TC

OM

ES

INT

ER

ME

DIA

TE

O

UT

CO

ME

S

Better animal health approaches

Improved feeds and feeding methods

Innovative pig husbandry and pig management

Better breeds and breeding methods

Strong pig farmer groups

Policy briefs

Incorporation of gender in value chains

Increased information on technologies

Reduced poverty Improved nutrition and

health SL

Os

Innovative linkages to pig markets

Improved profits (VC actors)

Improved diets

Innovative linkages to credit providers

Increased number of healthy pigs

Increased adoption of technologies

Less air and water pollution

Increased income from other enterprises

Sustainable NRM Food security

Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway

Increased number of healthy pigs

Safe pork and pork products

Increased number of off take

Improved income from piggery Increased income

from other enterprises

Better coordination of value chain actors

Increased adoption of technologies

Equitable distribution of income

Better access to markets

PR

OG

RA

M

OU

TPU

T

General assumptions Inputs are available and accessible, Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out

the technologies, Good communication strategies, There is sufficient demand, The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework, The right partners are identified, Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP General risk i. Religious biases remain

Assumptions i. There is adequate demand for pigs ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in

piggery iii. There are favorable market conditions. Risk Disease outbreaks

Better prices

Assumptions

No backlash from equitable

distribution of income

Assumption Farmers will adapt the improved protocols Farmers are aware of safe pork. Risk Mismanagement/misinterpretation of

information on ASF

Assumption Incomes are invested in household nutrition Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets

Assumption

i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of poorly managed piggery

RE

SE

AR

CH

OU

TC

OM

ES

INT

ER

ME

DIA

TE

O

UT

CO

ME

S

Better animal health approaches

Improved feeds and feeding methods

Innovative pig husbandry and pig management

Better breeds and breeding methods

Strong pig farmer groups

Policy briefs

Innovative linkages to credit providers

Incorporation of gender in value chains

Increased information on technologies

Improved food security Reduced

poverty

Improved nutrition

and health

Sustainable management of

natural resources

Less air and water pollution

SL

Os

Innovative linkages to pig markets

Improved profits (VC actors)

Improved diets

Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway

Par

tici

pat

ory

Imp

act

Pat

hw

ays

An

alys

is

Sequencing? Who to implement? Who to target? Changes in behaviour?

PIGS

AQUACULTURE

SHEEP & GOATS

DAIRY

Exploiting opportunities to prepare regional scaling-out Comment on ‘Focus, focus, focus’

IDO Metrics

1. Increased livestock and fish productivity in small-scale production systems for the target commodities (SLO1 and SLO2)

• Uganda and Vietnam – yields / animal of pig meat; percentage pig mortality;

• Ethiopia and Mali – yields of small ruminant meat; flock mortality; kidding rate;

• Tanzania and India – dairy yields per animal; • Egypt and Bangladesh – fish yields per

hectare; • Nicaragua – beef and dairy yields per animal

and per hectare

2. Increased quantity and improved quality of the target commodity supplied from the target small-scale production and marketing systems (SLO1 and SLO2)

• Quantity, by commodity yields per animal and per unit of land or time, stratified by target systems

• Market-level volume • Quality by real unit prices

Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

IDO Metrics

3. Increased employment and income for low income actors in the target value chains, with an increased share of employment for and income controlled by low-income women (SLO1 and SLO3)

• Increased income among poor people, disaggregated by sex and age.

• Higher share of women reporting greater control of income from value chain participation.

• Increased employment in the target value chains, disaggregated by sex, age and poverty status.

4. Increase consumption of the target commodity responsible for filling a larger share of the nutrient gap for the poor, particularly for nutritionally vulnerable populations (women of reproductive age and young children)

• Higher Individual Dietary Diversity Index (IDDI); higher Household Dietary Diversity Index (HDDI)

• Better health and nutrition status of children under five years: Wasting: % of children under 5 years

falling under -2 standards deviations of weight for age (%).

Stunting: % of children under 5 less than -2 standard deviations of mean height for age.

Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

IDO Metrics

5. Lower environment impacts in the target value chains (SLO4)

• Quantities of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) in each value chain; solid wastes in swine and dairy

6. Policies (including investments) support the development of small-scale production and marketing systems, and seek to increase the participation of women within these (SLO2 and SLO4)

• Public spending on value chains, as shares of national public spending; quality of spending on public goods in value chains, as share of spending on all goods in the value chains

• Private investment in the value chains • Number of prominent policy reforms

7. Improve yield potential of major feeds and forages (SLO1, SLO2, SLO4)

• Yield potential per unit of land in environments representative of the given value chains

• Uses and yields of improved materials in environments representative of the given value chains

Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

Defining IDO targets

1. What is the adoption domain?

2. What is the best indicator?

• Seek to align with other CRPs

3. What is a reasonable change in indicator?

• Bio-economic modeling

4. What is a reasonable number of beneficiaries?

• Existing examples

Defining IDO targets

Flagship Projects

1. Building a Livestock and Fish Genetics Platform.

2. Improving animal health 3. Reducing the environmental costs of

animal production. 4. Developing new biotechnologies for

animal nutrition. 5. Sustaining feed-based intensification of

animal production. 6. Reducing gender disparities. 7. Transforming selected value chains

Flagship: Building a Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform

Platform of scientific competencies of ILRI, World Fish, NARS and ARI partners

Objective: to build an integrated animal genetic improvement and innovative delivery program for emerging small and medium- scale market-oriented livestock and fish production systems

Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform Short and medium term: a) identification of desired genetic livestock and fish products and

initiation of sustained improvement programs within value chains b) supporting farmers to access desired genetics in cost-effective

manners c) applying a combination of conventional and emerging genomic

and information technologies to determine and promote best genetics from existing populations for the different production systems;

d) formation of genetic improvement and delivery platforms to systematically improve and deliver desired genetics within and beyond country borders

e) conserving genetic diversity for future needs

Long term: f) development and testing of novel technologies to provide long-

term solutions to existing or predicted future constraints

g) production of safe transgenics/clones to deliver desired genetics more efficiently as part of “designer Genetics”

Ultimate outcome: significant and sustained genetic improvement of priority livestock and fish species in developing countries.

This will contribute to

• Improved productivity (IDO 1)

• More and better supply of ASF (IDO 2)

• More income (IDO 3)

Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform

Feeds flagship

• Realize feed-based intensification of animal production to meet the needs of poor and vulnerable consumers, while mitigating environmental effects

– … at the core of sustainable intensification….

– optimize temporal and spatial use of land for feedstuffs

– model and reduce environmental costs associated with different feeds

– identify and utilize novel feeds and forages, including technologies from biofuel production to produce more and better quality fodder

Feeds flagship - targets

• 50% improvements in productivity (livestock and fish per unit land area)

• In 50% of our value chains

• Zero additional environmental costs (?)

• By end of nine years….

Indicative Budget (US$ million) 2015-17 2018-20 2021-23

Building a Genetics Platform 12.7 12.7 12.7

Improving Animal Health 17.0 17.0 17.0

Reducing Environmental Costs 17.3 17.3 17.3

Developing New Biotechnologies 7.0 7.0 7.0

Sustaining Feed-Based Intensification 13.1 14.4 15.9

Reducing Gender Disparities 7.2 5.4 5.4

Value chains 50.6 66.1 62.9

Capital 5.0 5.0 5.0

TOTAL 129.9 144.9 143.1

Budget for value chains Indicative Budgets, US$

thousands

Value Chains 2015-2017 2018-2020 2021-2023

Bangladesh Fish 12,000 12,000 12,000

Egypt Fish 5,000 5,000 5,000

Ethiopia Small Ruminants 8,400 7,800 7,800

India dairying 6,000 12,000 12,000

Mali Small Ruminants 2,800 5,200 2,600

Nicaragua dual purpose Cattle 2,800 5,200 2,600

Tanzania Dairying 3,000 6,000 8,000

Uganda Swine 6,130 6,130 6,130

Vietnam Swine 4,500 6,750 6,750

Total 50,630 66,080 62,880

ILRI WorldFish Centre CIAT ICARDA

Partner CGIAR Centres

Approach to partnerships

• Head of Development Partnership • GCARD session on partnership • Partnership strategy under development • Identification of strategic partners

• Research • Development • Stratified • Criteria? • Evolving and dynamic

DEVELOPMENT

Partnership strategy

Global

Regional

Local

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

RESEARCH

Global

Regional

Local

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

• Strategic partners

• Collaborators

DEVELOPMENT

Strategic partners

Global

Regional

Local

• CARE

• SNV

• Novus

• FAO

• DOW Agroscience

• VEDCO (Ug)

• CARE (Eg)

• Natl Dairy Plan (In)

RESEARCH

Global

Regional

Local

•SLU (Sw)

•Wageningen UR

•ASARECA

•CORAF

•APAARI

•CATIE

•Universities

•NARS

Links

Livestock & Fish

Crop CRPs:

Food-feed crop breeding

A4NH: Animal source food

nutrition

A4NH: Food Safety & Zoonoses

PIM: Value chain analysis

Systems CRPs: Value chain

options

CCAFS/WLE: Environmental

impact mitigation

CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.

CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish

livestockfish.cgiar.org