Lecture Outline 10 (Depth Perception) PSYC 230—Burnham

1. Perceiving Distance and Size

a. Euclidean space vs. non-Euclidean Images

b. Realism (Naïve Realism)

c. Positivism (Subjective Idealism)

d. Visual Angle (θ) alone is insufficient to perceive distance (D) or size (S)

e. Image size on retina (θ) is non-invariant

f. Size Constancy is counterintuitive

g. Familiar Size

h. Size Distance Scaling Function

i. S = R x D

ii. Perceived size (S) is a function of retinal image size (R) and perceived distance (D)

2. Two Eyes are Better than One

a. Accommodation

b. Convergence-Divergence

c. Binocular Vision

i. Binocular Disparity

ii. Binocular Summation

iii. Stereopsis

d. Monocular Vision

Lecture Outline 10 (Depth Perception) PSYC 230—Burnham

3. Monocular Vision and Cues

a. Non-Metrical Depth Cues

i. Occlusion (Interposition)

ii. Shading Cues

iii. Motion Parallax

b. Metrical Depth Cues

i. Relative Size

ii. Familiar Size

iii. Relative Height

iv. Ariel (aerial) Perspective

v. Linear Perspective

4. Illusions of Depth

a. Müller-Lyer Illusion

b. Misapplied Size-Scaling Hypothesis

i. S = R x D

c. Conflicting Cues Hypothesis

Lecture Outline 10 (Depth Perception) PSYC 230—Burnham

d. Moon Illusion

i. Misapplied size-scaling?

ii. Conflicting cues?

e. Ponzo Illusion

f. Herring Illusion

g. Emmert’s Law

5. Binocular Depth Perception

a. Binocular Disparity

b. Cyclopean eye

c. Corresponding retinal points (cyclopean eye)

d. Non-Corresponding retinal points

Lecture Outline 10 (Depth Perception) PSYC 230—Burnham

e. Vieth-Müller Circle and Horopter

f. Crossed disparity

g. Uncrossed disparity

h. Stereopsis (binocular summation)

i. Stereoblindness

ii. Strabismus

i. How/when does stereopsis occur?

i. Early in processing or late in processing?

ii. Bela Julesz (1970s-1980s) research with Random dot stereograms

j. Binocular Rivalry

k. Tong, et al. (1998, Neuron) instantiated binocular rivalry

i. Presented places vs. faces

ii. Measured FFA and PPA activity