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Lesson 3

Inflection

ἡ χώρᾱ the country (n)ὦ χώρᾱ O country (v)τῆς χώρᾱς of the country (g)τῇ χώρᾳ to the country (d)τὴν χώρᾱν the country (a)τὼ χώρᾱ the (pair of) countries (n v a)τοῖν χώραιν of to the (pair of) countries (g d)αἱ χῶραι the countries (n v)τῶν χωρῶν of the countries (g)ταῖς χώραις to the countries (d)τὰς (ᾱ) χώρᾱς the countries (a)

Vocabulary

ἀγορά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ market-placeἡμέρᾱ ᾱς ἡ dayθύρᾱ ᾱς ἡ doorοἰκίᾱ ᾱς ἡ houseστρατιά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ armyχώρᾱ ᾱς ἡ place land countryμακρά (ᾱ) (adj) longμῑκρά (ᾱ) (adj) small littleἐν (prep+dat) inἦν he she it there wasἦσαν they there wereἔχει he she it hasἔχουσι they have

Exercises

οἰκίαι μῑκραίSmall houses

ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖςIn the market-place

ἐν οἰκίᾳ μῑκρᾷIn a small house

ἡ οἰκία θύρᾱν ἔχειThe house has a door

ἡ ἡμέρᾱ μακρὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe day was long

στρατιὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχουσιThey have a small army

αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses have doors

ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ οἰκίαι ἦσανThere were houses in the country

αἱ οἰκίαι μῑκραὶ ἦσανThe houses were small

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶνThe doors of the houses were small

Of a long dayἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armiesστρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-placeἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was smallἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small houseοἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

ἡ χώρᾱ = the country (n)ὦ χώρᾱ = O country (v)τῆς χώρᾱς = of the country (g)τῇ χώρᾳ = to the country (d)τὴν χώρᾱν = the country (a)τὼ χώρᾱ = the (pair of) countries (n v a)τοῖν χώραιν = of to the (pair of) countries (g d)αἱ χῶραι = the countries (n v)τῶν χωρῶν = of the countries (g)ταῖς χώραις = to the countries (d)τὰς (ᾱ) χώρᾱς = the countries (a)

ἀγορά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = market-placeἡμέρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = dayθύρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = doorοἰκίᾱ ᾱς ἡ = houseστρατιά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = armyχώρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = place land countryμακρά (ᾱ) = (adj) longμῑκρά (ᾱ) = (adj) small littleἐν = (prep+dat) inἦν = he she it there wasἦσαν = they there wereἔχει = he she it hasἔχουσι = they have

οἰκίαι μῑκραί = Small houses

ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς = In the market-place

ἐν οἰκίᾳ μῑκρᾷ = In a small house

ἡ οἰκία θύρᾱν ἔχει = The house has a door

ἡ ἡμέρᾱ μακρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν = The day was long

στρατιὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχουσι = They have a small army

αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσι = The houses have doors

ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ οἰκίαι ἦσαν = There were houses in the country

αἱ οἰκίαι μῑκραὶ ἦσαν = The houses were small

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶν = The doors of the houses were small

Of a long day = ἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armies = στρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-place = ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was small = ἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small house = οἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

Lesson 4

Inflection

ἡ κώμη the village (n)ὦ κώμη O village (v)τῆς κώμης of the village (g)τῇ κώμῃ to the village (d)τὴν κώμην the village (a)τὼ κώμᾱ the (pair of) villages (n v a)τοῖν κώμαιν of to the (pair of) villages (g d)αἱ κῶμαι the villages (n v)τῶν κωμῶν of the villages (g)ταῖς κώμαις to the villages (d)τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς the villages (a)

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent (n)ὦ καλὴ σκηνή O fine tent (v)τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of the fine tent (g)τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to the fine tent (d)τὴν καλήν σκηνήν the fine tent (a)τὼ καλὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) fine tents (n v a)τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) fine tents (g d)αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί the fine tents (n v)τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of the fine tents (g)ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to the fine tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the fine tents (a)

ἡ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή the little tent (n)ὦ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή O little tent (v)τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of the little tent (g)τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to the little tent (d)τὴν μῑκρὰν (ᾱ) σκηνήν the little tent (a)τὼ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) little tents (n v a)τοῖν μῑκραιν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) little tents (g d)αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί the little tents (n v)τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of the little tents (g)ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to the little tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the little tents (a)

Vocabulary

κραυγή ῆς ἡ outcry uproarκώμη ης ἡ villageμάχη ης ἡ battle fightσκηνή ῆς ἡ tentσφενδόνη ης ἡ slingκακή (adj) badκαλή (adj) beautiful fineφοβερά (ᾱ) (adj) frightful fearfulκαί and also

Exercises

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναίThere were small tents in the village

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 2: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶνThe doors of the houses were small

Of a long dayἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armiesστρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-placeἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was smallἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small houseοἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

ἡ χώρᾱ = the country (n)ὦ χώρᾱ = O country (v)τῆς χώρᾱς = of the country (g)τῇ χώρᾳ = to the country (d)τὴν χώρᾱν = the country (a)τὼ χώρᾱ = the (pair of) countries (n v a)τοῖν χώραιν = of to the (pair of) countries (g d)αἱ χῶραι = the countries (n v)τῶν χωρῶν = of the countries (g)ταῖς χώραις = to the countries (d)τὰς (ᾱ) χώρᾱς = the countries (a)

ἀγορά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = market-placeἡμέρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = dayθύρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = doorοἰκίᾱ ᾱς ἡ = houseστρατιά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = armyχώρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = place land countryμακρά (ᾱ) = (adj) longμῑκρά (ᾱ) = (adj) small littleἐν = (prep+dat) inἦν = he she it there wasἦσαν = they there wereἔχει = he she it hasἔχουσι = they have

οἰκίαι μῑκραί = Small houses

ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς = In the market-place

ἐν οἰκίᾳ μῑκρᾷ = In a small house

ἡ οἰκία θύρᾱν ἔχει = The house has a door

ἡ ἡμέρᾱ μακρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν = The day was long

στρατιὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχουσι = They have a small army

αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσι = The houses have doors

ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ οἰκίαι ἦσαν = There were houses in the country

αἱ οἰκίαι μῑκραὶ ἦσαν = The houses were small

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶν = The doors of the houses were small

Of a long day = ἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armies = στρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-place = ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was small = ἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small house = οἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

Lesson 4

Inflection

ἡ κώμη the village (n)ὦ κώμη O village (v)τῆς κώμης of the village (g)τῇ κώμῃ to the village (d)τὴν κώμην the village (a)τὼ κώμᾱ the (pair of) villages (n v a)τοῖν κώμαιν of to the (pair of) villages (g d)αἱ κῶμαι the villages (n v)τῶν κωμῶν of the villages (g)ταῖς κώμαις to the villages (d)τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς the villages (a)

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent (n)ὦ καλὴ σκηνή O fine tent (v)τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of the fine tent (g)τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to the fine tent (d)τὴν καλήν σκηνήν the fine tent (a)τὼ καλὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) fine tents (n v a)τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) fine tents (g d)αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί the fine tents (n v)τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of the fine tents (g)ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to the fine tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the fine tents (a)

ἡ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή the little tent (n)ὦ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή O little tent (v)τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of the little tent (g)τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to the little tent (d)τὴν μῑκρὰν (ᾱ) σκηνήν the little tent (a)τὼ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) little tents (n v a)τοῖν μῑκραιν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) little tents (g d)αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί the little tents (n v)τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of the little tents (g)ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to the little tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the little tents (a)

Vocabulary

κραυγή ῆς ἡ outcry uproarκώμη ης ἡ villageμάχη ης ἡ battle fightσκηνή ῆς ἡ tentσφενδόνη ης ἡ slingκακή (adj) badκαλή (adj) beautiful fineφοβερά (ᾱ) (adj) frightful fearfulκαί and also

Exercises

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναίThere were small tents in the village

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 3: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

ἡ χώρᾱ = the country (n)ὦ χώρᾱ = O country (v)τῆς χώρᾱς = of the country (g)τῇ χώρᾳ = to the country (d)τὴν χώρᾱν = the country (a)τὼ χώρᾱ = the (pair of) countries (n v a)τοῖν χώραιν = of to the (pair of) countries (g d)αἱ χῶραι = the countries (n v)τῶν χωρῶν = of the countries (g)ταῖς χώραις = to the countries (d)τὰς (ᾱ) χώρᾱς = the countries (a)

ἀγορά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = market-placeἡμέρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = dayθύρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = doorοἰκίᾱ ᾱς ἡ = houseστρατιά (ᾱ) ᾶς ἡ = armyχώρᾱ ᾱς ἡ = place land countryμακρά (ᾱ) = (adj) longμῑκρά (ᾱ) = (adj) small littleἐν = (prep+dat) inἦν = he she it there wasἦσαν = they there wereἔχει = he she it hasἔχουσι = they have

οἰκίαι μῑκραί = Small houses

ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς = In the market-place

ἐν οἰκίᾳ μῑκρᾷ = In a small house

ἡ οἰκία θύρᾱν ἔχει = The house has a door

ἡ ἡμέρᾱ μακρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν = The day was long

στρατιὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχουσι = They have a small army

αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσι = The houses have doors

ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ οἰκίαι ἦσαν = There were houses in the country

αἱ οἰκίαι μῑκραὶ ἦσαν = The houses were small

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶν = The doors of the houses were small

Of a long day = ἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armies = στρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-place = ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was small = ἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small house = οἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

Lesson 4

Inflection

ἡ κώμη the village (n)ὦ κώμη O village (v)τῆς κώμης of the village (g)τῇ κώμῃ to the village (d)τὴν κώμην the village (a)τὼ κώμᾱ the (pair of) villages (n v a)τοῖν κώμαιν of to the (pair of) villages (g d)αἱ κῶμαι the villages (n v)τῶν κωμῶν of the villages (g)ταῖς κώμαις to the villages (d)τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς the villages (a)

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent (n)ὦ καλὴ σκηνή O fine tent (v)τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of the fine tent (g)τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to the fine tent (d)τὴν καλήν σκηνήν the fine tent (a)τὼ καλὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) fine tents (n v a)τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) fine tents (g d)αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί the fine tents (n v)τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of the fine tents (g)ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to the fine tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the fine tents (a)

ἡ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή the little tent (n)ὦ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή O little tent (v)τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of the little tent (g)τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to the little tent (d)τὴν μῑκρὰν (ᾱ) σκηνήν the little tent (a)τὼ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) little tents (n v a)τοῖν μῑκραιν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) little tents (g d)αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί the little tents (n v)τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of the little tents (g)ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to the little tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the little tents (a)

Vocabulary

κραυγή ῆς ἡ outcry uproarκώμη ης ἡ villageμάχη ης ἡ battle fightσκηνή ῆς ἡ tentσφενδόνη ης ἡ slingκακή (adj) badκαλή (adj) beautiful fineφοβερά (ᾱ) (adj) frightful fearfulκαί and also

Exercises

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναίThere were small tents in the village

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 4: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

μῑκραὶ ἦσαν αἱ θύραι τῶν οἰκιῶν = The doors of the houses were small

Of a long day = ἡμέρᾱς μακρᾶς

For small armies = στρατιαῖς μῑκραῖς

In the market-place = ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ

The country was small = ἡ χώρᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν

He has a small house = οἰκίᾱς μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) ἔχει

Lesson 4

Inflection

ἡ κώμη the village (n)ὦ κώμη O village (v)τῆς κώμης of the village (g)τῇ κώμῃ to the village (d)τὴν κώμην the village (a)τὼ κώμᾱ the (pair of) villages (n v a)τοῖν κώμαιν of to the (pair of) villages (g d)αἱ κῶμαι the villages (n v)τῶν κωμῶν of the villages (g)ταῖς κώμαις to the villages (d)τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς the villages (a)

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent (n)ὦ καλὴ σκηνή O fine tent (v)τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of the fine tent (g)τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to the fine tent (d)τὴν καλήν σκηνήν the fine tent (a)τὼ καλὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) fine tents (n v a)τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) fine tents (g d)αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί the fine tents (n v)τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of the fine tents (g)ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to the fine tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the fine tents (a)

ἡ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή the little tent (n)ὦ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή O little tent (v)τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of the little tent (g)τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to the little tent (d)τὴν μῑκρὰν (ᾱ) σκηνήν the little tent (a)τὼ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) little tents (n v a)τοῖν μῑκραιν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) little tents (g d)αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί the little tents (n v)τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of the little tents (g)ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to the little tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the little tents (a)

Vocabulary

κραυγή ῆς ἡ outcry uproarκώμη ης ἡ villageμάχη ης ἡ battle fightσκηνή ῆς ἡ tentσφενδόνη ης ἡ slingκακή (adj) badκαλή (adj) beautiful fineφοβερά (ᾱ) (adj) frightful fearfulκαί and also

Exercises

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναίThere were small tents in the village

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 5: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 4

Inflection

ἡ κώμη the village (n)ὦ κώμη O village (v)τῆς κώμης of the village (g)τῇ κώμῃ to the village (d)τὴν κώμην the village (a)τὼ κώμᾱ the (pair of) villages (n v a)τοῖν κώμαιν of to the (pair of) villages (g d)αἱ κῶμαι the villages (n v)τῶν κωμῶν of the villages (g)ταῖς κώμαις to the villages (d)τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς the villages (a)

ἡ καλὴ σκηνή the fine tent (n)ὦ καλὴ σκηνή O fine tent (v)τῆς καλῆς σκηνῆς of the fine tent (g)τῇ καλῇ σκηνῇ to the fine tent (d)τὴν καλήν σκηνήν the fine tent (a)τὼ καλὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) fine tents (n v a)τοῖν καλαῖν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) fine tents (g d)αἱ καλαὶ σκηναί the fine tents (n v)τῶν καλῶν σκηνῶν of the fine tents (g)ταῖς καλαῖς σκηναῖς to the fine tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the fine tents (a)

ἡ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή the little tent (n)ὦ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνή O little tent (v)τῆς μῑκρᾶς σκηνῆς of the little tent (g)τῇ μῑκρᾷ σκηνῇ to the little tent (d)τὴν μῑκρὰν (ᾱ) σκηνήν the little tent (a)τὼ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) σκηνά (ᾱ) the (pair of) little tents (n v a)τοῖν μῑκραιν σκηναῖν of to the (pair of) little tents (g d)αἱ μῑκραὶ σκηναί the little tents (n v)τῶν μῑκρῶν σκηνῶν of the little tents (g)ταῖς μῑκραῖς σκηναῖς to the little tents (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ) the little tents (a)

Vocabulary

κραυγή ῆς ἡ outcry uproarκώμη ης ἡ villageμάχη ης ἡ battle fightσκηνή ῆς ἡ tentσφενδόνη ης ἡ slingκακή (adj) badκαλή (adj) beautiful fineφοβερά (ᾱ) (adj) frightful fearfulκαί and also

Exercises

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ ἦσαν μῑκραὶ σκηναίThere were small tents in the village

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 6: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

αἱ μῑκραὶ οἰκίαι κακαὶ ἦσανThe small houses were bad

αἱ σκηναὶ καλαὶ ἦσανThe tents were beautiful

ἐν τῇ κώμῃ μάχη φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThere was a frightful battle in the village

ἡ κραυγὴ τῆς στρατιᾶς φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἦνThe outcry of the army was frightful

ἐν ταῖς καλαῖς κώμαις ἦσαν οἰκίαιThere were houses in the fine village

σφενδόνην ἔχει ἐν τῇ σκηνῇHe has a sling in the tent

κραυγὴ φοβερὰ (ᾱ) ἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦνThere was a frightful outcry in the villages

ἐν ταῐς σκηναῖς ἦσαν αἱ σφενδόναιThe slings were in the tents

ἡ οἰκίᾱ μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) ἦν καὶ ἡ σκηνὴ κακήThe house was small and the tents were bad

In the villages were tentsἐν ταῖς κώμαις ἦσαν σκηναί

They have slings in the tentsἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

The battles were fearfulαἱ μάχαι φοβεραὶ ἦσαν

There was a small house in the villageἦν μῑκρὰ (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱ ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They have tents and slingsσκηνὰς (ᾱ) καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἔχουσι

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 7: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 5

Inflection

λύω (ῡ) I looseλύεις (ῡ) thou loosestλύει (ῡ) he loosethλύετον (ῡ) ye two looseλύετον (ῡ) they two looseλύομεν (ῡ) we looseλύετε (ῡ) ye looseλύουσι (ῡ) they loose

βουλεύω I planβουλεύεις thou plannestβουλεύει he plannethβουλεύετον ye two planβουλεύετον they two planβουλεύομεν we planβουλεύετε ye planβουλεύουσι they plan

πέμπω I sendπέμπεις thou sendestπέμπει he sendethπέμπετον ye two sendπέμπετον they two sendπέμπομεν we sendπέμπετε ye sendπέμπουσι they send

ἁρπάζω I robἁρπάζεις thou robbestἁρπάζει he robbethἁρπάζετον ye two robἁρπάζετον they two robἁρπάζομεν we robἁρπάζετε ye robἁρπάζουσι they rob

Vocabulary

ἄγω (v) leadἁρπάζω (v) seize rob plunderβουλεύω (v) plan plotἔχω (v) have holdλύω (ῡ) (v) loose destroy breakπέμπω (v) sendἙλληνική (adj) Greek (fem form)πύλη ης ἡ gateφυλακή ῆς ἡ guard garrisonἐξ ἐκ (prep+gen) out of from (2 forms +vow +cons)

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 8: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

οὐ οὐκ οὐχ (adv proc) not (3 forms +cons +smooth +rough)

Exercises

βουλεύειHe plans

λύουσι (ῡ)They loose

ἔχειςYou have

πέμπειςYou send

ἔχετεYe have

βουλεύομενWe plan

ἄγωI lead

ἁρπάζειHe plunders

ἁρπάζετεYe plunder

πέμπουσιThey send

He plundersἁρπάζει

We leadἄγομεν

They planβουλεύουσι

You sendπέμπεις

I looseλύω (ῡ)

ἄγω στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἙλληνικήνI lead a Greek garrison

τὰς (ᾱ) καλὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) λύουσι (ῡ)They destroy the fine tents

οὐχ ἁρπάζω τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱςI do not plunder the village

τὴν φυλακὴν ἄγουσιν ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶνThey lead the garrison out of the tents

ἔχουσιν οἰκίᾱς καλάς (ᾱ)They have fine houses

αἱ κῶμαι πύλᾱς οὐκ ἔχουσινThe villages do not have gates

οὐ πέμπομεν τὴν φυλακήνWe do not send the garrison

ἁρπάζετε τὴν χώρᾱνDo you plunder the country

ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν πέμπει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 9: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

He sends the army out of the villagesἐκ τῆς ἀγορὰς (ᾱ) ἄγεις τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

Do you lead the Greek garrison out of the market-place

Has he a Greek guardἔχει Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

We are not destroying the gatesοὐ λύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) πύλᾱς

I am sending a garrisonπέμπω φυλακήν

You have a beautiful houseἔχεις οἰκίᾱν καλάν (ᾱ)

He is not plundering the houses in the villageοὐ ἁρπάζει τὰς (ᾱ) οἰκίᾱς ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 10: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 6

Inflection

ἡ γέφῡρα the bridge (n)ὦ γέφῡρα O bridge (v)τῆς γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) of the bridge (g)τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) to the bridge (d)τὴν γέφῡραν the bridge (a)τὼ γεφύρᾱ (ῡ) the (pair of) bridges (n v a)τοῖν γεφύραιν (ῡ) of to the (pair of) bridges (g d)αἱ γέφῡραι the bridges (n v)τῶν γεφῡρῶν of the bridges (g)ταῖς γεφύραις (ῡ) to the bridges (d)τὰς (ᾱ) γεφύρᾱς (ῡ) the bridges (a)

ἡ θάλαττα the sea (n)ὦ θάλαττα O sea (v)τῆς θαλάττης of the sea (g)τῇ θαλάττῃ to the sea (d)τὴν θάλατταν the sea (a)τὼ θαλάττᾱ the (pair of) seas (n v a)τοῖν θαλάτταιν of to the (pair of) seas (g d)αἱ θάλατται the seas (n v)τῶν θαλαττῶν of the seas (g)ταῖς θαλάτταις to the seas (d)τὰς (ᾱ) θαλάττᾱς the seas (a)

ἡ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή the good sabre (n)ὦ μάχαιρα ἀγαθή O good sabre (v)τῆς μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθῆς of the good sabre (g)τῇ μαχαίρᾳ ἀγαθῇ to the good sabre (d)τὴν μάχαιραν ἀγαθήν the good sabre (a)τὼ μαχαίρᾱ ἀγαθά (ᾱ) the (pair of) good sabres (n v a)τοῖν μαχαίραιν ἀγαθαῖν of to the (pair of) good sabres (g d)αἱ μάχαιραι ἀγαθαί the good sabres (n v)τῶν μαχαιρῶν ἀγαθῶν of the good sabres (g)ταῖς μαχαίραις ἀγαθαῖς to the good sabres (d)τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ) the good sabres (a)

Vocabulary

ἅμαξα ης ἡ wagonγέφῡρα ᾱς ἡ bridgeθάλαττα ης ἡ seaμάχαιρα ᾱς ἡ knife sabreπέλτη ης ἡ shield targetτράπεζα ης ἡ tableἀγαθή (adj) good brave (fem form)στενή (adj) narrow (fem form)εἰς (prep +acc proc) into toἐπί (prep +gen) on (top of) uponἐπί (prep +dat) on by atἐπί (prep +acc) upon to against

Exercises

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 11: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

ἡ θάλαττα στενὴ ἦνThe sea was narrow

ἔχει οἰκίᾱς ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃHas he houses upon the sea

τραπέζᾱς ἐπὶ τῶν ἁμαξῶν ἄγετεYou bring tables upon the wagons

εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν (ᾱ) πέμπουσι ἁμάξᾱςThey send wagons into the market-place

ἐπὶ τῇ γεφύρᾳ (ῡ) φυλακὴν ἔχει ἀγαθήνHe has a brave guard at the bridge

πέλτᾱς ἔχομεν καὶ μαχαίρᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)We have good shields and sabres

ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν οὐκ ἄγω τὴν φυλακήνI do not lead the garrison to the sea

πέμπεις μαχαίρᾱς τῇ στρατιᾷDo you send sabres to the army

ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν οὐκ ἄγει τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)He does not lead the army against the bridge

τὴν χώρᾱν ἁρπάζεις ἐκ θαλάττης εἰς θάλαττανYou plunder the country from sea to sea

We are destroying the tablesλύομεν (ῡ) τὰς (ᾱ) τραπέζᾱς

They are not plundering the wagonsοὐχ ἁρπάζουσι τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

The bridges were long and narrowαἱ γέφῡραι μακραὶ καὶ στεναὶ ἦσαν

Is he bringing the sabres on the wagonἄγει τὰς (ᾱ) μαχαίρᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

He does not lead the garrison from the villages to the seaοὐκ ἄγει τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 12: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 7

Inflection

ἔλῡον I was loosingἔλῡες you were loosingἔλῡε he was loosingἐλύετον (ῡ) ye two were loosingἐλῡέτην they two were loosingἐλύομεν (ῡ) we were loosingἐλύετε (ῡ) ye were loosingἔλῡον they were loosing

ἐβούλευον I was planningἐβούλευες you were planningἐβούλευε he was planningἐβουλεύετον ye two were planningἐβουλευέτην they two were planningἐβουλεύομεν we were planningἐβουλεύετε ye were planningἐβούλευον they were planning

ἔπεμπον I was sendingἔπεμπες you were sendingἔπεμπε he was sendingἐπέμπετον ye two were sendingἐπεμπέτην they two were sendingἐπέμπομεν we were sendingἐπέμπετε ye were sendingἔπεμπον they were sending

ἥρπαζον I was plunderingἥρπαζες you were plunderingἥρπαζε he was plunderingἡρπάζετον ye two were plunderingἡρπαζέτην they two were plunderingἡρπάζομεν we were plunderingἡρπάζετε he was plunderingἥρπαζον they were plundering

εἶχον I was havingεἶχες you were havingεἶχε he was havingεἴχετον ye two were havingεἰχέτην they two were havingεἴχομεν we were havingεἴχετε ye were havingεἶχον they were having

Vocabulary

(none)

Exercises

ἡ οἰκίᾱ θύρᾱς καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχε

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 13: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

The house had beautiful doorsτὴν φυλακὴν ἔπεμπεν εἰς τὴν κώμην

He was sending the garrison to the villageἐν ταῖς κώμαις καλὰς (ᾱ) εἶχεν οἰκίᾱς

He had fine houses in the villagesἥρπαζες τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

Were you plundering the tentsἐκ τῆς οἰκίᾱς οὐκ ἦγες τὴν φυλακήν

You were not leading the guard out of the houseοὐχ ἡρπάζομεν τὰς (ᾱ) μῑκρὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς

We were not plundering the small villagesἁμάξᾱς ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ εἶχετε

You had wagons in the market-placeἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν ἦγον τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν φυλακήν

You were leading the Greek garrison to the seaμαχαίρᾱς καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης ἦγεν

He was bringing sabres and slings upon the wagonφυλακὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ἐπέμπομεν εἰς τὴν ἀγοράν (ᾱ)

We were leading a Greek garrison to the market-place

He was destroying the tentsἔλυε τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνάς (ᾱ)

We did not send the garrison to the bridgeοὐκ ἐπέμπομεν τὴν φυλακὴν εἰς τὴν γέφῡραν

They plundered the wagonsἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

They did not lead the army from he villageοὐκ ἦγον τὰς (ᾱ) στρατιὰς (ᾱ) ἐκ τῆς κώμης

You led the guard from the houses to the seaἦγες τὴν φυλακὴν ἐκ τῶν οἰκιῶν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 14: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 8

Inflection

ὁ λόγος the word (n)ὦ λόγε O word (v)τοῦ λόγου of the word (g)τῷ λόγῳ to the word (d)τὸν λόγον the word (a)τὼ λόγω the (pair of) words (n v a)τοῖν λόγοιν of to the (pair of) words (g d)οἱ λόγοι the words (n)τῶν λόγων of the words (g)τοῖς λόγοις to the words (d)τοὺς λόγους the words (a)

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος the good man (n)ὦ ἀγαθὲ ἄνθρωπε O good man (v)τοῦ ἀγθαθοῦ ἀνθρώπου of the good man (g)τῷ ἀγαθῷ ἀνθρώπῳ to the good man (d)τὸν ἀγαθὸν ἄνθρωπον the good man (a)τὼ ἀγαθὼ ἀνθρώπω the (pair of) good men (n v a)οἱ ἀγαθαοὶ ἄνθρωποι to from the (pair of) good men (g d)τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀνθρώπων the good men (n)τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθρώποις to the good men (d)τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς ἀνθρώπους the good men (a)

τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (n)ὦ καλὸν δῶρον O fine gift (v)τοῦ καλοῦ δώρου of the fine gift (g)τῷ καλῷ δώρῳ to the fine gift (d)τὸ καλὸν δῶρον the fine gift (a)τὼ καλὼ δώρω the (pair of) fine gifts (n v a)τοῖν καλοῖν δώροιν to of the (pair of) fine gifts (g d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (n)τῶν καλῶν δώρων of the fine gifts (g)τοῖς καλοῖς δώροις to the fine gifts (d)τὰ καλὰ δῶρα the fine gifts (a)

Vocabulary

ἄνθρωπος ου ὁ man human beingἵππος ου ὁ horseλόγος ου ὁ word speechπόλεμος ου ὁ warσύμμαχος ου ὁ allyδῶρον ου τό giftπεδίον ου τό plainχωρίον ου τό small place place spotκαὶhellip καί bothhellip and

Exercises

δῶρα ἔπεμπε τῇ στρατιᾷWas he sending gifts to the army

ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ ἦσαν οἰκίαι

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 15: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

There were houses in the placeὁ πόλεμος φοβερὸς ἦν

The war was frightfulεἰς τὸ πεδίον ἔπεμπεν ἀνθρώπους

He was sending men into the plainτοὺς ἵππους ἄγομεν ἐκ τοῦ χωρίου

We are leading the horses out of the placeἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν καὶ ἵπποι καὶ ἄνθρωποι

There were both horses and men on the plainδῶρα πέμπομεν τοῖς συμμάχοις

We are sending gifts to the alliesοἱ σύμμαχοι ἐν πολέμῳ κακοὶ ἦσαν

The allies were cowardly in warοἱ τῶν συμμάχων λόγοι καλοὶ ἦσαν

The words of the allies were beautifulἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσαν οἱ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἵπποι

The horses of the men were on the plain

The allies had bad horsesκακοὺς ἵππους ἔχουσιν οἱ σύμμαχοι

I led the horse into the villageἦγον τοὺς ἵππους εἰς τὴν κώμην

The place was narrowτὸ χωρίον στενὸν ἦν

The man was cowardly in warὁ ἄνθρωπος κακὸς ἦν ἐν πόλεμῷ

He sent horses to the alliesἔπεμπεν ἵππους τοῖς συμμάχοις

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 16: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 9

Inflection

ὁ οἶνος the wine (n)ὦ οἶνε O wine (v)τοῦ οἴνου of the wine (g)τῷ οἴνῳ to the wine (d)τὸν οἶνον the wine (a)τὼ οἴνω the (pair of) wines (n v a)τοῖν οἴνοιν of to the (pair of) wines (g d)οἱ οἶνοι the wines (n v)τῶν οἴνων of the wines (g)τοῖς οἴνοις to the wines (d)τοὺς οἴνους the wines (a)

ἡ στενὴ ὁδός the narrow road (n)ὦ στενὴ ὁδέ O narrow road (v)τῆς στενῆς ὁδοῦ of the narrow raod (g)τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ to the narrow road (d)τὴν στενὴν ὁδόν the narrow road (a)τὼ στενὰ (ᾱ) ὁδώ the (pair of) narrow raods (n v a)τοῖν στεναῖν ὁδοῖν of to the (pair of) narror raodsαἱ στεναὶ ὁδοί the narrow roads (n v)τῶν στενῶν ὁδῶν of the narrow roads (g)ταῖς στεναῖς ὁδοῖς to the narrow roads (d)τὰς (ᾱ) στενὰς (ᾱ) ὁδούς the narrow roads (a)

τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (n)ὦ πλοῖον μακρόν O long boat (v)τοῦ πλοίου μακροῦ of the long boat (g)τῷ πολίῳ μακρῷ to the long boat (d)τὸ πλοῖον μακρόν the long boat (a)τὼ πολίω μακρώ the (pair of) long boats (n v a)τοῖν πλοίοιν μακροῖν of to the (pair of) long boats (g d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (n v)τῶν πλοίων μακρῶν of the long boats (g)τοῖς πλοίοις μακροῖς to the long boats (d)τὰ πλοῖα μακρά the long boats (a)

Vocabulary

Κῦρος ου ὁ Cyrusὁδός οῦ ἡ road wayοἶνος ου ὁ wineποταμός οῦ ὁ riverστρατηγός οῦ ὁ generalφανερός ά όν (adj) in plain sight visible evidentθηρίον ου τό wild beastὅπλον ου τό implementὅπλα ων τά armsπλοῖον ου τό boatπλοῖον μακρόν ship of war war shipτόξον ου τό bowὁ ἡ τό (art) the ὦ (interj +voc) O

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 17: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

δέ (conj post) but and

Exercises

στενὴ ἦν ὁ ὁδόςThe road was narrow

ἐν τῷ πεδιῳ ἦν θηρίαThere were wild beasts in the plain

τὰ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἦνThe boats were long

ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦν ὁ στρατηγόςThe general was at the river

τόξα δὲ ὦ Κῦρε οὐκ ἔχομενBut we do not have bows O Cyrus

ὁδὸς φανερὰ (ᾱ) ἄγει εἰς τὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ Κύρου κωμᾱςA clear path leads to the villages of Cyrus

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ὁ στρατηγὸς ἔπεμπε τοὺς ἵππουςThe general was leading the horses into the plain

τῷ στρατηγῷ οἶνον Κῦρος ἔπεμπεCyrus was giving wine to the general

ἡ ὁδὸς ὦ Κῦρε ἄγει εἰς πεδίον καλόνThe road leads to the beautiful plain O Cyrus

ἦγον οἱ ἵπποι καὶ οὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ τὰ ὅπλαThe horses were bringing both the generals and the arms

Cyrus sent gifts to the generalsτοῖς στρατηγοῖς ἔπεμπεν ὁ Κῦρος δῶρα

He led the horse into the riverἦγε τὸν ἵππον εἰς τὸν ποταμόν

The general had ships of warὁ στρατηγὸς πλοῖα μακρὰ εἶχεν

We are sending the wine to Cyrusπέμπομεν τὸν οἶνον τῷ Κύρῳ

The generals sent horses to Cyrusοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἵππους ἔπεμπον τῷ Κύρῳ

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 18: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 10

Inflection

λύσω (ῡ) I shall looseλύσεις (ῡ) you will looseλύσει (ῡ) he will looseλύσετον (ῡ) ye two will looseλύσετον (ῡ) they two will looseλύσομεν (ῡ) we shall looseλύσετε (ῡ) ye will looseλύσουσι (ῡ) they will loose

ἔλῡσα I loosedἔλῡσας you loosedἔλῡσε he loosedἐλύσατον (ῡ) ye two loosedἐλῡσάτην they two loosedἐλύσαμεν (ῡ) we loosedἐλύσατε (ᾱ) ye loosedἔλῡσαν they loosed

πέμψω I shall sendπέμωεις you will sendπέμψει he will sendπέμψετον ye two will sendπέμψετον they two will sendπέμψομεν we shall sendπέμψετε ye will sendπέμψουσι they will send

ἔπεμψα I sentἔπεμψας you sentἔπεμψε he sentἐπέμψατον ye two sentἐπεμψάτην they two sentἐπέμψαμεν we sentἐπέμψατε ye sentἔπεμψαν they sent

πέμψω I shall sendδιώξω I shall pursueἁρπάσω I shall plunderλύειν (ῡ) to looseπέμπειν to sendἕξω I shall haveἤγαγον I ledἐσχον I had

Vocabulary

ἀθροίζω ἀθροίσω ἤθροισα (v) collectδιώκω διώξω ἐδίωξα (v) pursueἐπιβουλεύω ἐπιβουλεύσω ἐπεβούλευσα (v +dat) plot againstκελεύω κελεύσω ἐκέλευσα (v) commandἀδελφός οῦ ὁ brother

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 19: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

βάρβαρος ου ὁ barbarianμισθός οῦ ὁ payπολέμιος ου ὁ (adj) hostileπολέμιοι ων οἱ enemyτότε then at that time

Exercises

οὐ διώξω τοὺς πολεμίουςI will not pursue the enemy

τὰ δῶρα ἕξομενDo we have the gifts

τὰς (ᾱ) σκηνὰς (ᾱ) ἁρπάσουσιν οἱ βάρβαροιThe barbarians will plunder the tents

κελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους λύειν (ῡ)He will command the generals to destroy the men

τοὺς συμμάχους ἦγαγεν εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρουςHe led the allies to the barbarians

Κῦρος ἐπιβουλεύσει τῷ ἀδελφῷCyrus will plot against his brother

τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τότε ἔπεμψε Κῦρος μισθόνThen Cyrus sent pay to the men

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τὴν φυλακὴν ἔσχε τὴν ἙλληνικήνBut the general had a Greek garrison

εἰς τὸ πεδίον ἀθροίσει τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς συμμάχουςHe will gather the Greek allies on the plain

καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν τὸν στρατηγὸν πέμπειν ἐκέλευσε Κῦρος φυλακήνAnd Cyrus will command the general to send a garrison to the bridge

The barbarians sent the manοἱ βάρβαροι ἔπεμψαν τὸν ἄνθρωπον

The generals brought horses at that timeοἱ στρατηγοὶ ἤγαγον τοὺς ἱπους τότε

Will Cyrus send good wine to the generalὁ Κῦρος πέμψει ἀγαθὸν οἶνον τῷ στρατηγῷ

He will not plot against the alliesοὐ ἐπιβουλεύσει τοῖς συμμάχοις

He will command the general to pursue the enemyκελεύσει τὸν στρατηγὸν διώκειν τοὺς πολεμίους

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 20: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 11

Inflection

ὁ νεᾱνίᾱς the young man (n)ὦ νεᾱνίᾱ O young man (v)τοῦ νεᾱνίου of the young man (g)τῷ νεᾱνίᾳ to the young man (d)τὸν νεᾱνίᾱν the young man (a)τὼ νεᾱνίω the two young men (n v a)τοῖν νεᾱνίαιν of to the two young men (g d)οἱ νεᾱνίαι the young men (n v)τῶν νεᾱνιῶν of the young men (g)τοῖς νεᾱνίαις to the young men (d)τοὺς νεᾱνίᾱς the young men (a)

ὁ στρατιώτης the soldier (n)ὦ στρατιώτα O soldier (v)τοῦ στρατιώτου of the soldier (g)τῷ στρατιώτῃ to the soldier (d)τὸν στρατιώτην the soldier (a)τὼ στρατιώτᾱ the two soldiers (n v a)τοῖν στρατιώταιν of to the two soldiers (g d)οἱ στρατιῶται the soldiers (n)τῶν στρατιωτῶν of the soldiers (g)τοῖς στρατιώταις to the soldiers (d)τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς the soldiers (a)

Vocabulary

Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ου ὁ Euphratesνεᾱνίᾱς ου ὁ young manὁπλίτης (ῑ) ου ὁ heavy-armed foot soldier (hoplite)πελταστής οῦ ὁ targeteer (peltast)Πέρσης ου ὁ Persianστρατιώτης ου ὁ soldierτοξότης ου ὁ bowman archer (toxotes)δεξιός ά όν (adj) right (as opposed to left)τριᾱκόσιοι αι α (plur adj) three hundredοὔτεhellip οὔτε (adv) neitherhellip norσύν (prep +dat) with in company with

Exercises

στρατιώτᾱς καὶ ἵππους ἀθροίσω τῷ Κύρω (ῡ)I will gather soldiers and horses for Cyrus

ὁ δὲ νεᾱνίᾱς τοῖς στρατιώτοις ἐπεβούλευεBut the young man was plotting against the soldiers

ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἄξει τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςHe will lead the soldiers to the Euphrates river

καὶ τοὺς σὺν τῷ στρατηγῷ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤγαγον εἱς κώμᾱςThey led the hoplites that were with the general into the village

τὸν Πέρσην ἤγαγεν εἰς τὴν τοῦ στρατιώτου σκηνήνDid he lead the Persian into the tent of the soldier

οἱ στρατιῶται ἐν φυλακῇ ἔξουσι τοὺς ΠέρσᾱςThe soldiers held the Persians in a garrison

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 21: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

τὸν Εὐφράτην (ᾱ) ποταμὸν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἔχειHe had the Euphrates river on his right

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς οὔτε τοξότην εἶχεν οὔτε πελταστήνBut the general had neither a bowman nor a targeteer

σὺν τοῖς πελτασταῖς ἐδίωκε τοὺς τοξότᾱςHe was pursuing the bowmen with the targeteers

ὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς τριᾱκοσίους ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἔχειBut the general has three hundred hoplites and targeteers

The general was not leading the hoplitesοὐκ ἦγεν ὁ στρατηγὸς τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ)

Both the targeteers and the bowmen were braveκαὶ οἱ πελτασταὶ καὶ οἱ τοξόται ἦσαν ἀγαθοί

The young man was in the villageὁ νεᾱνίᾱς ἦν ἐν τῇ κώμῃ

They sent hoplites and targeteersἔπεμψαν καὶ ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)

He will send beautiful gifts to the Persiansπέμψει δῶρα καλὰ τοῖς Πέρσαις

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 22: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 12

Inflection

λέλυκα I have loosedλέλυκας you have loosedλέλυκε he has loosedλελύκατον ye two have loosedλελύκατον they two have loosedλελύκαμεν we have loosedλελύκατε ye have loosedλελύκᾱσι they have loosed

ἐλελύκη I had loosedἐλελύκης you had loosedἐλελύκει he had loosedἐλελύκετον ye two had loosedἐλελυκέτην they two had loosedἐλελύκημεν we had loosedἐλελύκητε ye had loosedἐλελύκεσαν they had loosed

θύω (ῡ) I sacrificeτέθυκα I have sacrificedἐτεθύκη I had sacrificedστρατεύω I make an expeditionἐστράτευκα I have made an expeditionἐστρατεύκη I had made an expeditionἁρπάζω I plunderedἥρπακα I have plunderedἡρπάκη I had plunderedἔσχηκα I have hadἐσχήκη I had hadπέπομφα I have sentδεδιωχα I had pursuedἐπεπόμφη I had sentἐδεδιώχη I have pursuedἦχα I have ledἤχη I had led

Vocabulary

διαρπάζω διαρπάσω διήρπασα διήρπακα (v) plunder completely sackθύω (ῡ) θύσω (ῡ) ἔθῡσα τέθυκα (v) sacrificeστρατεύω στρατεύσω ἐστράτευσα ἐστράτευκα (v) make an expeditionδᾱρεικός οῦ ὁ daric (a gold coin)θεός οῦ ὁ god goddessΚλέαρχος ου ὁ Clearchusὅρκος ου ὁ oathφόβος ου ὁ fearγάρ (conj post) forδιά (prep +gen) through

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 23: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

διά (prep +acc) on account ofπρός (prep +gen) over againstπρός (prep +dat) atπρός (prep +acc) to against towards

Exercises

τοὺς πολεμίους δεδιώχαμεν διὰ τῶν κωμῶν εἰς τὴν θάλαττανWe have pursued the enemy through the village into the sea

καὶ τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς οἱ βάρβαροι διηρπάκεσανThe barbarians had completely plundered the wagons

τριᾱκοσίους δᾱρεικοὺς ἐπεπόμφεμεν τοῖς ὁπλίταις (ῑ)We had given three hundred darics to the hoplites

Κλέαρχος δὲ ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τοῖς ΠέρσαιςBut Clearchus had plotted against the Persians

οἱ στρτιῶται τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἤχεσαν πρὸς ΚῦρονThe soldiers had led the man to Cyrus

οὐκ ἐκεκελεύκει ὁ Κλέαρχος τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς θύειν (ῡ)Clearchus had not commanded the soldiers to sacrifice

ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱν ἐστρατεύκατεYou have made an expedition against the country of your enemy

λελύκᾱσι τοὺς ὅρκους οἱ στρατηγοί οὐ γὰρ τεθύκᾱσι τοῖς θεοῖςThe generals have broken their oaths for they have not sacrificed to the gods

ἤθροικας ὦ Κῦρε ἐπὶ τοὺς βάρβαρους τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοὺς τοξότᾱςAgainst the barbarians O Cyrus you have gathered the targeteers and the bowmen

οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς ἐλελύκεσαν διὰ τὸν τῶν πολεμίων φόβονBut the soldiers had destroyed the wagons because of their fear of the enemy

We have broken our oathsλελύκαμεν τοὺς ὅρκους

The soldiers had sacrificed to the godsοἱ στρατιώται ἐτεθύκεσαν τοῖς θεοῖς

Have the peltasts sacked the villageτὴν κώμην οἱ πελτασταὶ διηρπάκᾱσιν

The soldier has plotted against Cyrusὁ στρατιώτης ἐπεβεβουλεύκει τῷ Κύρῳ

His brother had ordered Cyrus to send giftsὁ ἀδελφὸς ἐκεκελεύει τὸν Κῦρον δῶρα πέμπειν

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 24: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 13

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἀρχή ῆς ἡ rule province satrapyΔᾱρεῖος ου ὁ Dariusδεινός ή όν terrible skillfulἰσχῡρός ά (ᾱ) όν strongχωρίον ἰσχῡρον strongholdΠερσικός ή όν (adj) Persianσατράπης ου ὁ satrap viceroyυἱός οῦ ὁ sonὥστε (adv) so as so that wherefore

Exercises

Κῦρος ὁ τοῦ Δᾱρείου υἱός Πέρσης ἦν καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθόςCyrus the son of Darius was a Persian fine and brave

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς ΚαππαδοκίᾱςAnd Darius made him the viceroy of Lydia Phrygia and Cappadocia

χωρία δὲ ἰσχῡρὰ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ Κῦρος καὶ πλοῖα μακρὰ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃhellipCyrus had strongholds in his province and ships of war in the sea

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται ΠερσικοίHe also had brave soldiers in his country Greek hoplites peltasts and toxotes

Τισσαφέρνης δὲ ὁ τῆς Κᾱρίᾱς σατράπης τῷ Κύρῳ πολέμος ἦνhellipTissaphernes the satrap of Caria was hostile toward Cyrus

τότε δὲ οὔτε ἐστράτευεν ἐπ αὐτὸν οὔτε διήρπαζε τὴν χώρᾱνbut at that time he neither made an expedition against him nor sacked his country

Κῦρος γὰρ στρατηγὸς ἐν πολέμῳ δεινὸς ἦν υἱὸς δὲ τοῦ Δᾱρείουbecause Cyrus was a general in war and the son of Darius

ὥστε φόβον εἶχεν ὁ Τισσαφέρνης πρὸς Κῦρονso that Tissaphernes was afraid of Cyrus

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 25: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

σατράπην δὲ αὐτὸν (him) ἐποιησεν (made) ὁ Δᾱρεῖος τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίᾱς

καὶ (also) στρατιῶται δὲ αὐτῷ (to him) ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ ἦσαν ἀγαθοί ὁπλῖται Ἑλληνικαὶ καὶ πελτασταὶ καὶ τοξόται Περσικοί

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 26: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 14

Inflection

(none)Review the declension of ἄξιος and ἀγαθόςNote that the feminine ends in -ᾱ when preceded by ε ι or ρ and -η otherwise

Vocabulary

ἄγριος ᾱ ον (adj) wildἄξιος ᾱ ον (adj) worthy becoming rightἄπορος ον (adj) without resources impassable impracticalἈρταξέρξης ου ὁ Artaxerxesἐπιτήδειος ᾱ ον (adj) suitable fit deservingτὰ ἐπιτήδεια provisions suppliesὄνος ου ὁ assὄρθιος ᾱ ον (adj) steepπαίω παίσω ἔπαισα πέπαικα (v) strike hit beatπάνυ (adv) very altogether whollyπιστός ή όν (adj) faithful trustworthyφίλιος ᾱ ον (adj) friendly

Exercises

ὄνοι ἄγριοι καὶ ἵπποι ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ ἦσανThere were wild asses and horses on the plain

ὁ Εὐφράτης (ᾱ) ποταμὸς ἄπορος ἦνThe Euphrates river was impassable

ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς στενὴ ἦν καὶ ὀρθίᾱBut the road was narrow and steep

ἕξομεν δέ ὦ Κῦρε τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut will we have provisions O Cyrus

ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τῷ ἀδελφῷ πολέμιος ἦνArtaxerxes was hostile to his brother

διὰ φιλίᾱς ἀρχῆς ἄξει ὁ σατράπης τοὺς στρατιώτᾱςThrough a friendly province the satrap will have soldiers

τὴν πολεμίᾱν χώρᾱν Δᾱρεῖος διηρπάκειDarius had completely plundered the hostile country

ὥστε τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ πάνυ πολέμιος ἦν Κύρῳ (ῡ) δὲ πιστόςWherefore he was very hostile to Artaxerxes but faithful to Cyrus

οὐκ ἄξιον ἦν τῷ ὁπλίτῃ (ῑ) παίειν τὸν Περσικὸν τοξότηνIt was not right for the hoplite to strike the Persian bowman

οἱ Πέρσαι οὔτε φίλιοι οὔτε πιστοὶ ἦσανThe Persians were neither friendly nor trustworthy

The road was impassibleἡ ὁδὸς ἀπόρᾱ ἦν

Cyrus did not send provisions to the garrisonοὐ ἔπεμψεν ὁ Κῦρος τὰ ἐπιτήδεια τῇ φυλακῇ

They will lead the men to strongholdsἄξουσι τοὺς ἀνθρώπυς χωρίοις ἰσχῡροῖς

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 27: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

The hoplites were good and faithful soldiersοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) ἦσαν στρατιώται ἀγαθαὶ καὶ πισταί

It was right for Cyrus to send the gifts to his soldiersἄξιος ἦν τῷ Κύρῳ πέμπειν τὰ δῶρα τοῖς στρατιώταις

Κῦρος οὖν σατράπης ἦν τῆς Λῡδίᾱς καὶ τῆς Φρυγίᾱς καὶ τῆς Καππαδοκίαςἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Δᾱρεῖος Ἀρταξέρξης ὁ τοῦ Κύρου ἀδελφὸς ἐβασίλευσετῶν Περσῶν καὶ Τισσαφέρνης διαβάλλει τὸν Κῦρον πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν ὡς ἐπιβουλεύει αὐτῷ ὁ δ Ἀρταξέρξης συλλαμβάνει Κῦρον

οὐν - then continuing the previous narrativeἐπεί - whenτελευτάω τελευτήσω ἐτελεύτησα - die (translate as pluperfect)βασιλεύω - be kingδιαβάλλει - the tense is historical presentὡς - thatὡς ἐπιβουλεύει - of plotting lit that he is plottingδιαβάλλω - accuseσυλλαμβάνω - arrest

Cyrus then was the satrap over Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius had died Artaxerses the brother of Cyrus becameking of the Persians and Tissaphernes accused Cyrus before his brotherof plotting against him So Artaxerxes arrested Cyrus

Cyrus therefore was the satrap of Lydia Phrygia and CappadociaBut when Darius died Artaxerses Cyrus brother became king ofthe Persians So Tissaphernes slanders Cyrus before his brotherclaiming that he is plotting against him and Artaxerses has Cyrus arrested

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 28: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 15

Inflection

(none)

Vocabulary

ἄγγελος ου ὁ messenger scoutἀντί (prep +gen) instead ofἀπό (prep +gen) off from fromἀτῑμάζω ατῑμάσω ἠτίμασα (ῑ) ἠτίμακα (ῑ) (v) dishonor disgraceδίκη ης ἡ justiceἐπεί (adv) when sinceἐπιστολή ῆς ἡ letterθηρεύω θηρεύσω ἐθήρευσα τεθήρευκα (v) hunt catchὄλεθρος ου ὁ destruction lossοὕτως οὕτω (adv) thus soπάλιν (adv) back againφίλος ου ὁ friend

Exercises

ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχᾱσιν ἀντὶ τοξοτῶνThey have led hoplites instead of toxotes

τοῖς συμμάχοις οὕτως ἐπιβουλεύετεThus you plot against the allies

Κῦρον δὲ ἠτίμακε (ῑ)But Cyrus you have dishonored

θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππου τεθήρευκαI have hunted wild beasts from horseback

τὰς (ᾱ) ἐπιστολὰς (ᾱ) πέμψομεν τοῖς φίλοιςDo we send the letters to our friends

Κλέαρχος ὦ στρατιῶται ἐπεὶ τοὺς ὅρκους λέλυκε τὴν δίκην ἔχειWhen Clearchus has broken his oaths O soldiers he has justice

τὴν δὲ χώρᾱν ἡρπάκαμεν διὰ τὸν ὄλεθρον τῶν στρατιωτῶνWe have plundered the country because of the destruction of the soldiers

τὸν ἄγγελον πέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸ ἰσχῡρὸν χωρίονHe sends the messenger back to the stronghold

οὕτω δὴ (then) ἠτίμαζε (ῑ) τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἀρταξέρξης ἡ δὲ μήτηρ (mother)λύει (ῡ) Κῦρον καὶ ἀποπέμπει πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχήν Κῦρος δὲ ἐπεὶ ἦκενεἰς τὴν Λῡδίᾱν βουλεύει ὅπως βασιλεύσει (how he will become king)ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ πολέμιος γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ βάρβαροι Κῦρῳφίλιοι καὶ πιστοὶ ἦσαν

So thus Artaxerxes dishonored his brother But their mother releases Cyrusand sends him back to his province When Cyrus had come to Lydia he planshow he will become king instead of his brother for he was hostile toward himBut the barbarians in his province were friendly and faithful to Cyrus

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 29: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 16

Inflection

(none)Review the secondary tenses

Vocabulary

ἄλλος ἄλλη ἄλλο another (+art) the other the rest ofδασμός οῦ ὁ tax tributeἱκανός ή όν (adj) sufficient able capableλοχᾱγός οῦ ὁ captain (lochagus)οὖν (conj post) therefore then soσπονδή ῆς ἡ libationσπονδαί ῶν αἱ truceσυμπέμπω (v) send with (συν + πέμπω)τοξεύω τοξεύσω ἐτόξευσα ἐτόξευκα (v) use ones bow shootφρούραρχος ου ὁ commander of a garrison (phrurarchus)ὧδε thus as follows

Exercises

τὸν φρούραρχον ἐπεπαίκεσανThey had struck the captain of the garrison

Κῦρος οὖν τῷ ἀδελφῷ κακὸν ἐβούλευενTherefore Cyrus was planning evil against his brother

οἱ νεᾱνίαι τόξα μακρὰ ἤχεσαν καὶ σφενδόνᾱς ἀγαθάς (ᾱ)The young men had good slings and long bows

καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ σατράπου χώρᾱνAnd the general made an expedition against the satraps country

συνεπέμπομεν τῷ στρατηγῷ ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς ἀγαθούςWere sent other good soldiers with the general

ἐπεὶ ἔλῡσαν τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδάς (ᾱ) τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάσομενSince the broke the treaty we will sack the village

οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι ἐτόξευσαν ἀπὸ τῶν ἵππωνBut the barbarians hunted from horseback

τὸν λοχᾱγὸν ὧδε ἦγον πρὸς τὸν ΚλέαρχονThus he led the captain to Clearchus

ὁ γὰρ Ἀρταξέρξς ἐκεκελεύκει τὸν σατράπην δασμοὺς πέμπεινFor Artaxerxes had commanded the satrap to send a tribute

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν You had soldiers in the stronghold capable of completely sacking the village

I had collected hoplites and bowmen as followsἤθροικα ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ὧδε

They planned evil for the othersἐβούλευσαν κακὸν τοῖς ἄλλοις

The hoplites with Cyrus were plundering the wagonsοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) σὺν Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἥρπαζον τὰς (ᾱ) ἁμάξᾱς

Both generals and captains had sacrificedκαὶ στρατηγοὶ καὶ λοχᾱγοὶ ἐτεθύκεσαν

He bade the satrap send giftsἐκέλευσε τὸν σατράπην πέμπειν δῶρα

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 30: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

τὴν δὲ στραιὰν (ᾱ) τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν ὧδε ἤθροιζε τοὺς τῶν φυλακῶνφρουράρχους κελεύει ἀθροίζειν στρατιώτᾱς Πελοποννησίους ἐνόμιζε(he thought) γὰρ ὡς (as) ἔλεγε (he was saying) Τισσαφέρνην ἐπιβουλεύειν(was plotting) τῇ ἀρχῇ καὶ ἡ μὲν ἄλλη Ἰωνίᾱ τότε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ) φιλίᾱκαὶ πιστὴ ἦν Μίλητος (ῑ) δὲ πολεμίᾱ Κῦρος οὖν τὴν Μίλητον (ῑ)πολιορκεῖ (πολιοκέω = beseige) καὶ κατὰ (by) γῆν (land) καὶ κατὰθάλατταν

So he gathered his army of Greeks in this manner He commanded thegarrison captains to gather Peloponesian soldiers for as he explainedhe thought that Tissaphernes was plotting against their province And whilethe other Ionians were at that time friendly and faithful to Cyrus Miletuswas yet hostile So Cyrus laid seige to Miletus by land and sea

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 31: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 32: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 33: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 34: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 35: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 36: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 37: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

στρατιώτᾱς ἐν τῷ ἰσχῡρῷ χωρίῳ εἴχετε ἱκανοὺς τὰς (ᾱ) κώμᾱς διαρπάζειν

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 38: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 17

Inflection ὅδε thisοὔτως thus

(none) ὧδε as followsαὐτός οὗτος and ἐκεῖνος are declined like vowel declension adjectives ὥστε so so that such thatὅδε is declined like the definite article plus the enclitic suffix δε

Vocabulary

Ἀρίστιππος ου ὁ Aristippusαὐτός αὐτή αὐτό self same him her itἐκεῖνος η ο thatἐπιβουλή ῆς ἡ plot scheme designΘετταλός οῦ ὁ Thessalianλέγω λέξω ἔλεξα λέλεχα () (v) say speak tell state reportμετά (prep +gen) with in company withμετά (prep +acc) behind afterξένος ου ὁ stranger guest friend guest hostὅδε ἥδε τόδε this (not yet mentioned)οὗτος αὕτη τοῦτο this (already mentioned)τέ (conj post encl) and both

Exercises

αὖται αἱ οἰκίαι θύρᾱς ἔχουσιThe houses themselves have doors

οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται ἔπαιον τὸν ξένονThose soldiers were beating the stranger

Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷBut Aristippus the Thessalian was a stranger to him

μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Κλέαρχος αὐτὸς ἔλεξε τάδεBut after this (just mentioned) Clearchus himself said this (as follows)

καὶ ἤθροιζον τοὺς πελταστὰς (ᾱ) οὕτως οὗτοιAnd thus these were plundering the peltasts

τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα βουλεύουσιThey plan these same things

καὶ κελεύει αὐτοὺς λέγειν ταῦταAnd he commands them to say this

αὕτη ἡ ἐπιβουλὴ οὐκ ἦν φανερά (ᾱ)This plan was not evident

οὗτος δὲ ὁ αὐτὸς κελεύει ἐκείνους ἁρπάζειν τὴν χώρᾱνBut this same man commands them to plunder the country

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

These soldiers were friendlyοὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται φίλιοι ἦσαν

Cyrus sent these soldiers their payΚῦρος ἐπέμπε τούτοις τοῖς στρατιώταις τὸν μισθὸν αὐτῶν

But the general spoke to them as followsὁ δὲ στρατηγὸς ἔλεξεν αὐτοῖς ὧδε

They conduct him to the same generalἄγουσι αὐτὸν τῷ αὐτῷ στρατηγῷ

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 39: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

οὕτως οὖν ἐπὶ Μίλητον (ῑ) τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ὁ Κῦροςπρὸς δὲ τὸν ἀδελφὸν ἀγγέλους ἔπεμψε καὶ ἔλεξε τάδε ἐπιθῡμῶ(ἐπιθῡμέω = I desire) ὦ Ἀρταξέρξη καὶ τῆς Ἰωνίᾱς σατραπεύεινΤισσαφέρνην δ ἐκ τῆς χώρᾱς ἐκβάλλειν καὶ ἡ μήτηρ συμπράττει (ᾱ)(συμπράττω (ᾱ) = cooperates with to accomplish) αὐτῷ ταῦτα ὥστε οὐχ ὑποπτεύει ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἐπιβουλήνἀπέπεμπε γὰρ αὐτῷ τοὺς δασμοὺς ἐκεῖνος

Thus Cyrus then gathered the army against Miletus And he sent amessenger to his brother and said this I desire O Artaxerxes tobe made satrap also over the Ionians and to cast Tissaphernes outof the country And his mother cooperated with him to accomplishthis thing So Artaxerxes did not suspect Cyrus plot for he sent thethe tributes to him

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 40: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

so so that such that

ταῦτα ἔλεξε Κλέαρχος οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται οἵ τε αὐτοῦ ἐκείνου καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι ἐκέλευον αὐτὸν ἄγειν τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ)Clearchus said this but the soldiers both his own and the others bade him lead the armyThis said Clearchus but the soldiers which both of him that and the others bade him to lead the army

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 41: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 18

Inflection

εἰμί I amεἶ you areἐστί he isἐστόν ye two areἐστόν they two areἐσμέν we areἐστέ ye areεἰσί they areἦ ἦν I wasἦσθα you wereἦν he wasἦστον ἦτον ye two wereἦστην ἦτην they two wereἦμεν we wereἦστε ἦτε ye wereἦσαν they wereἔστι it is possible

Accent on the penult

ἔστι Κύρῳ at the beginning of a sentenceἔστι διαβαίνειν when signifying possibilityοὐκ ἔστιν following certain wordshellipτοῦτο ἔστιν εἰ ἔστιν ὡς ἔστιν καί ἔστιν

Accent on the ultima

φίλος ἐστίν preceded by an acute on the penult of a disyllabic wordταῦτ ἐστίν preceded by elision

No accent

Κῦρός ἐστιν circumflex on the penultἄνθρωπός ἐστιν acute on the antepenultἀνθρώπῳ ἐστιν acute on the penultκακός ἐστιν acute on the ultimaστρατηγοῦ ἐστιν circumflex on the ultimaτίς ἐστιν preceded by a proclitic

Vocabulary

βασίλειος ον (adj) royalβασίλεια ων τά palace

Accenting the enclitic εἰμί

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 42: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

εἰμί ἔσομαι (fut) ἦν (imp) (v) to beἐνταῦθα (adv) there here in this placeἤ (conj) thanΜαίανδρος ου ὁ Maeanderμᾶλλον (adv) more ratherμύριοι (ῡ) αι α ten thousandπαράδεισος ου ὁ park (paradise)πάροδος ου ἡ way by way along passage pass (parade)πηγή ῆς ἡ fountain head spring source

Exercises

εἶ ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are in the poer of your brother

οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τὰς (ᾱ) σπονδὰς (ᾱ) λύειν (ῡ)It is not right to break the treaty

ἐνταῦθα γάρ ἐστιν ἡ πάροδος στενήFor the narrow passage is at that place

Κύρῳ (ῡ) μᾶλλον φίλοι ἐστὲ ἣ τῷ ἀδελφῷYou are more friends to Cyrus than to his brother

ἦμεν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳWe were in the garden

Κλεάρχῳ δὲ μύριοι (ῡ) δᾱρεικοί εἰσιBut Clearchus has ten thousand darics

ξένοι ἐσμέν ὦ Κῦρε τῷ σατράπῃWe are strangers to the satrap O Cyrus

αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ τοῦ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶν βασιλείωνBut the source of the river Maeander is from the palace

Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἐστέ ὦ στρατιώται καὶ φίλοι καὶ σύμμαχοιCyrus is both a friend and an ally O soldiers

ἔστι δὲ Κύρῳ (ῡ) καὶ βασίλεια καὶ χωρίον ἰσχῡρὸν ἐπὶ ταῖς τοῦ ποταμοῦ πηγαῖςBut of Cyrus both palace and stronghold are upon the source of the riverBut both the palace and the stronghold of Cyrus are uponhellip

This country is hostile to Artaxerxesαὕτη ἡ χώρᾱ πολεμίᾱ ἐστι τῷ Ἀρταξέρξῃ

The soldiers have arms and horsesαἱ στρατιῶται ἔχουσι καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἵππους

These friends of Cyrus were soldiersοὗτοι οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Κύρου (ῡ) ἦσαν στρατιῶται

For you are in a hostile landἔστε γὰρ ἐν χώρᾳ πολεμίᾳ

In this place there was a beautiful parkἐνταῦθα καλὸς παπάδεισος ἦν

ἄλλους δὲ στρατιώτᾱς Κύρῳ (ῡ) ἤθροιζε Κλέαρχος ὁ Λακεδαιμόνιοςἐν Χερρονήσῳ τούτῳ γὰρ ὡς φίλῳ παρέσχε (παρέχω = provide)μῡρίους δᾱρεικούς Ἀρίστιππος δὲ ὁ Θετταλὸς ξένος ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνΘετταλίᾳ στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἤθροιζεν ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶ Πρόξενον καὶ Σοφαίνετονμετὰ τῶν ἄλλων στρατηγῶν στρατεύειν καὶ ἐποίουν (ποιέω) οὕτως οὗτοι

But Clearchus the Lacedaemonian was gathering other soldiers for

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 43: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Cyrus at Cherronesus because for this man as for a friend he providedten thousand darics And Aristippus the Thessalian stranger was alsogathering an army for him in Thessaly And he also commanded bothProxenus and Sophaenetus along with other soldiers to make an expeditionand thus they did

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 44: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 19

Inflection

παύομαιπαύειπαύεταιπαύεσθονπαύεσθονπαυόμεθαπαύεσθεπαύονται

παύσομαιπαύσειπαύσοταιπαύσεσθονπαύσεσθονπαυσόμθαπαύσεσθεπαύσονται

ἐπαυόμηνἐπαύουἐπαύετοἐπαύεσθονἐπαυέσθηνἐπαυόμεθαἐπαύεσθεἐπαύοντο

Vocabulary

ἀγοράζω ἀγοράσω ἠγόρασα ἠγόρακα frequent the market-place buyἀλήθεια ᾶς ἡ truthβαρβαρικός ή όν barbarian barbaricτὸ βαρβαικόν the Persian force of Cyrusἔτοιμος η ον ready preparedμεταπέμπομαι send for summonπείθω πείσω ἔπεισα πέπεικα persuadeπείθομαι (v +dat) obeyπέρᾱν across beyondπιστεύω πιστεύσω ἐπίστευσα πεπίστευκα (v + dat) put faith in trustπορεύομαι πορεύσομαι πεπόρευμαι proceedσυμβουλεύω plan with adviseσυμβουλευομαι consult withσυστρατεύομαι serve in war with take to the field with

Exercises

συστρατεύσεται σὺν Κύρω (ῡ) πιστεύει γὰρ αὐτῷHe will serve in war with Cyrus because he trusts him

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 45: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

οὐκ ἐπείθου τοῖς θεοῖςYou did not obey the gods

τῇ δ ἀληθείᾳ ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμόνBut in truth did they proceed to the river

Ἀρταξέρξης τὴν στρατιὰν (ᾱ) ἄξεταιArtaxerxes will lead his own army

τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἔτοιμοί ἐσμεν λύεσθαι (ῡ)We are prepared to ransom the soldiers

Κῦρος δὲ μεταπέμπεται τὸ βαρβαρικόνBut Cyrus summons the barbariansBut Cyrus summons the Persians that he commands

διὰ τοῦ πεδίου ἐπορευόμεθα εἰς κώμᾱςWe were proceeding through the plain into the village

Κῦρος δὲ τοῖς στρατηγοῖς καὶ τοῖς λοχᾱγοῖς συμβουλεύεταιBut Cyrus consults with the generals and the captains

πέρᾱν δὲ τοῦ Εὐφράτου (ᾱ) ἦν κώμη ἐκ ταύτης οἱ στρατιῶται ἠγοράζοντο τὰ ἐπιτήδειαBut the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

And he was proceeding on the wagonκαὶ ἐπορεύετο ἐπὶ τῆς ἁμάξης

The bowmen send for their bowsοἱ τοξόται μεταπέμπονται τοῖς τόξοις

He did not obey his brotherοὐκ ἐπείθετο τὸν ἀδελφόν

You did not proceed to Cyrusοὐκ ἐπορεύεσθε τῷ Κύρῳ (ῡ)

The targeteers will purchase provisions for themselvesοἱ πελτασταὶ αγοράσονται τὰ ἐπιτήδεια

ἐπεὶ δ ἔτοιμος ἦν Κῦρος πορεύεσθαι ἄνω (up country) λέγει μὲν ὅτι στρατεύεται ἐπὶ Πῑσίδᾱς τῇ δ ἀληείᾳ ἐπὶτὸ ἀδελφὸν ἐπορεύετο καὶ ἀθροίζει ὡς ἐπὶ τούτους τό τεβαρβαρικὸν καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικόν ἐνταῦθα καὶ κελεύει τὸντε Κλέαρχον ἥκειν καὶ τὸν Ἀρίστιππον ἀποπέμπειν εἰςΛῡδίᾱν τοὺς ἐν Θερραλίᾳ στρατιώτᾱς ἐκέλευσε δὲ καὶτοὺς ἄλλους ξένους συστρατεύεσθαι οἱ δὲ ἐπείθοντοἐπίστευον γὰρ αὐτῷ

When Cyrus was ready to proceed up country he claimed thathe was preparing an expedition against the Pisidians (but he wasactually adavancing against his own brother) so he mustered boththe barbarians and the Greeks as if against them And he badeClearchus come there and ordered Aristippus to send the troopsthat were in Thessaly into Lydia The other foreigners he askedto serve with him in battle and they obeyed because they trustedhim

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 46: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

But the village was beyond the Euphrates because of this the soldiers were buying provisions

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 47: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 20

Inflection 1st Aorist Middle Perfect Middle Pluperfect Middle Future Perfect Middle

Middle Personal Endings

Prim Sec

1 -μαι -μην2 -ει (-σαι) -σο (-ου)3 -ται -το

2 -σθον -σθον3 -σθον -σθην

1 -μεθα -μεθα2 -σθε -σθε3 -νται -ντο

First Aorist Middle Indicative

1 ἐλῡσάμην To form the First Aorist Middle -σαμην2 ἐλύσω (ῡ) insert -σα between the stem and -σω (σαου)3 ἐλύσατο (ῡ) the sec personal ending -σατο

2 ἐλύσασθον (ῡ) -σασθον3 ἐλῡσάσθην -σασθην

1 ἐλῡσάμεθα -σαμεθα2 ἐλύσασθε (ῡ) -σασθε3 ἐλύσαντο (ῡ) -σαντο

First Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λέλυμαι To form the First Perfect Middle -μαι2 λέλυσαι add the primary endings directly -σαι3 λέλυται to the stem without the thematic -ται

vowel2 λέλυσθον -σθον3 λέλυσθον -σθον

1 λελύμεθα -μεθα2 λέλυσθε -σθε3 λέλυνται -νται

First Pluperfect Middle Indicative

1 ἐλελύμην To form the First Pluperfect -μην2 ἐλέλυσο Middle add the secondary -σο3 ἐλέλυτο endings directly to the stem -το

without the thematic vowel2 ἐλέλυσθον -σθον3 ἐλελύσθην -σθην

1 ἐλελύμεθα -μεθα

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 48: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

2 ἐλέλυσθε -σθε3 ἐλέλυντο -νται

Future Perfect Middle Indicative

1 λελύσομαι (ῡ) To form the Future Perfect -σομαι2 λελύσει (ῡ) Middle insert -σ before the -σει3 λελύσεται (ῡ) thematic vowel and the prim -σεται

endings2 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον3 λελύσεσθον (ῡ) -σεσθον

1 λελῡσόμεθα -σομεθα2 λελύσεσθε (ῡ) -σεσθε3 λελύσονται (ῡ) -σονται

Vocabulary

ἄκρος ᾱ ον topmostἀποπέμπω send awayἡδέως gladlyὀλίγος η ον little small pl fewὅλος η ον whole entireπαρά (+gen) fromπαρά (+dat) beside with atπαρά (+acc) toπαρακευή ῆς ἡ preparation equipmentπάρειμι be beside be presentπαύω παύσω ἔπαυσα πέπαυκα πέπαυμαι stop (transitive)πέντε fiveσταθμός οῦ ὁ stopping-place stage days marchΦρυγίᾱ ᾱς ἡ Phrygia

Exercises

1 πεπόρευται παρὰ τὸν ΚῦρονHe has proceeded to the side of Cyrus

2 οὗτος τοῦ πρὸς τοὺς βαρβάρους πολέμου ἡδέως πεπαύσεταιThis man will have quickly ceased from war against the barbaians

3 τὸν τε στρατηγὸν καὶ τὸν σατράπην ἀπεπέμψατοHe himself sent away both the general and the satrap

4 οἱ δὲ στρατιῶται ἐπεπόρευντο σταθμοὺς πέντε διὰ φιλίᾱς χώρᾱςBut did the soldiers proceed five days march through a friendly country

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν στρατιωτῶν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια ἠγοράσαντοFew of the soldiers bought provisions for themselves

6 οἱ ὁπλῖται πεπόρευται ἐπὶ τὸ ἄκρονThe hoplites have proceeded up to the summit

7 καὶ ὁ σατράπης μετεπέμψατο ἵππους καὶ ὅπλα καὶ τὴν ἄλλην παρασκευὴν εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνAnd the satrap himself sent horses arms and the other equipment into Phrygia

8 οἱ πολέμιοι οὐκ ἐπαύσαντο τῆς κραυγῆς διὰ ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρᾱς The enemy themselves did not stop the shouts through the entire day

9 ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ οὗτοι παρῆσαν ἐστρατεύσατο Κῦρος εἰς τὴν τῶν πολεμίων χώρᾱνBut when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

1 Cyrus summoned few of the captains

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 49: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

ὁ Κῦρος μετεπέμψατο ὀλίγους τῶν λοχᾱγῶν2 They have proceeded to the sources of the river

πεπόρευνται παρὰ τὰς (ᾱ) πηγὰς (ᾱ) τοῦ ποταμοῦ3 He has consulted with Cyrus

συμβουλεύεται σὺν Κῦρος4 You will gladly have ceased from battle

ἐπεπαύσει ἡδέως τῆς μάχης5 The army had advanced fine days march

ἡ στρατιὰ ἐστρατεύσατο πέντε σταθμούς

οὗτοι μὲν παρῆσαν αὐτῷ εἰς Σάρδεις Τισσαφέρνεςδὲ ἐπορεύετο παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμιζετὴν παρασκευὴν εἶναι ἐπὶ Πῑσίδιᾱς καὶ Ἀρταξέρξηςἐπεὶ ταῦτ ἔλεξε Τισσαφέρνης ἀντιπαρσκευάζεταιΚῦρος δὲ ἔχων τούτους τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ἐξελαύνειἀπὸ Σάρδεων διὰ τῆς Λῡδίᾱς σταθμοὺς τρεῖς ἐπὶ τὸνΜαίανδρον ποταμόν ἐπὶ δὲ τούτῳ γέφῡρα ἐπῆν ἐν-τεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει διὰ Φρυγίᾱς εἰς Κολοσσάς

hellipThe other foreigners he asked to serve with himhellip

These were present with him at Sardis But Tissa-phernes sided with Artaxerxes for he did not be-leive that these preparations were intended for Pi-sidia And Artaxerxes when Tissaphernes toldthese things made preparations in return But Cy-rus having these soldiers marched from Sardis through Lydia three days along the Maeanderriver and arrived at the bridge From there he mar-ched through Phrygia into Colosse

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 50: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

-σω (σαου)

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 51: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

stopping-place stage days march

But when these men were also present Cyrus himself made an expedition into the country of the enemy

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 52: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 21

Inflection First Aorist and Future Passive (770)

First Aorist Passive -θη added to the stem followed by the active secondary endings

-θη -ν -θην ἐλύθην-θη -ς -θης ἐλύθης-θη - -θη ἐλύθη-θη -τον -θητον ἐλύθητον-θη -την -θητην ἐλυθήτην-θη -μεν -θημεν ἐλύθημεν-θη -τε -θητε ἐλύθητε-θη -σαν -θησαν ἐλύθησαν

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

-θη -σ -ο -μαι -θησομαι λυθήσομαι-θη -σ -ε -ι -θησει λυθήσει-θη -σ -ε -ται -θησεται λυθήσεται-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ε -σθον -θησεσθον λυθήσεσθον-θη -σ -ο -μεθα -θησομεθα λυθησόμεθα-θη -σ -ε -σθε -θησεσθε λυθήσεσθε-θη -σ -ο -νται -θησονται λυθήσονται

Principle Parts

Present Active Future Active Aorist Active Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive

Vocabulary

γράφω γράψω ἔγραψα γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἐγράφην writeδή indeedεἴκοσι twentyἐντεῦθεν from thereἑπτά sevenἤκω ἤξω come have comeπαρασάγγης parasangπιέζω πιέσω ἐπίεσα --- --- ἐπιέσθην press hard be hard pressedὑπό (+gen) under from under by throughὑπό (+dat) under beneathὑπό (+acc) under down under

Exercises

1 λυθησόμεθα ἐκ τούτων τῶν δεινῶνWe were rescued from this terrible situation

2 ἐν δὲ τῇ στενῇ ὁδῷ ἐπιέσθημεν ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίωνOn the narrow road we were hard pressed by the enemy

3 λέγεται ἄγγελος ἤκειν παρὰ ΔᾱρείουThe messenger says that he has come from Darius

4 οὕτω δὴ μετεπέμφθησαν οἱ τοξόταιIndeed the toxotes were sent by this (man)

5 ἐδιώκοντο διὰ τοῦ πεδίου παρασάγγᾱς ἑπτάThey were chased seven parasangs through the plain

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 53: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

6 ἐπιστολὴ ἐγράφη παρὰ τὸν ΚλέαρχονHe wrote a letter to Clearchus

7 ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν διηρπάσθη ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων τὰ ὅπλαThe arms were stolen from the village by the barbarians

8 ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν ὁπλῖται εἴκοσινOn the right flank twenty hoplites were shot

9 ἐντεῦθεν πεμφθήσονται ὑπὸ Κύρου (ῡ) εἰς ΦρυγίᾱνFrom there he was sent by Cyrus into Phrygia

1 Twenty hoplites were brought from this place ἐτεῦθεν εἴκοσι ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἤχθησαν

2 The brigde will be destroyedλύσεται ἡ γέφῡρα

3 He was persuaded by the generalἐπείσθη ὑπὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ

4 Five targateers on the right were shotπέντε πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ ἐτοξεύθησαν

5 They will be hard pressed by the soldiersπιέσονται ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν

ἐνταῦθα Κῦρος μένει ἡμέρᾱς ἑπτά καὶ ἦκε Μένωνὁ Θετταλὸς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) ἔχων καὶ πελταστάς (ᾱ)ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει παρασάγγᾱς εἴκοσιν εἰς Κε -λαινάς (ᾱ) ἐταῦθα Κύρῳ (ῡ) βασίλεια ἦν καὶ πα -ράδεισος ἐν δὲ τούτῳ ἦν ἄγρια θηρία ταῦτα ἐ -κεῖνος ἐθήρευεν ἀπὸ ἵππου οὕτω γὰρ ἐγύμναζετοὺς ἵππους διὰ δὲ τοῦ παραδείσου ῥεῖ ὁ Μαί -ανδρος ποταμός αἱ δὲ πηγαὶ αὐτοῦ εἰσιν ἐκ τῶνβασιλείων ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ Κελαινῶν

At that place Cyrus halted seven days And Menon theThessalian arrived having hoplites and peltasts Fromthere he marched twenty parasangs into Celaenas Atthat place Cyrus had a palace and a garden And in thisgarden were wild beasts these the men hunted fromhorseback And the Maeander river flows through thegarden with its headwaters from under the palacesand it also flows through Celaenas

From there he marched through Phrygia into Colossehellip

There Cyrus halted for seven days and Menon arrivedwith hoplites and peltasts From there they marched twentyparasangs into Celaenas where Cyrus had a palace and anestate There were wild animals on the estate and the menhunted them from horseback The Maeander has its headwatersfrom beneath the palaces and flows through the estateand through Celaenas

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 54: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

First Future Passive -θη added to the stem followed by -σ the thematic vowel and the middle primary endings

λυθήσεσθονλυθήσεσθονλυθησόμεθα

λυθήσονται

press hard be hard pressedunder from under by through

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 55: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 22

Inflection Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

LabialsPerfect -π -μαι = -μμαιPluperfect -π -μην = -μμηνFuture Perfect -π -σομαι = -ψομαι

Vocabulary

ἅμα at the same timeἀριθμός οῦ ὁ numberδένδρον ου τό treeκατά (+gen) down fromκατά (+acc) down along over byκαταλείπω abandonκατακόπτω cut downκόπτω κόψω ἔκοψα κέκοφα κέκομμαι ἐκόπην cutλείπω λείψω ἔλιπον λέλοιπα λέλειμμαι ἐλείφθην leaveΠρόξενος ου ὁ Proxenusτριάκοντα (ᾱ) thirtyχίλιοι (ῑ) αι α one thousand

Exercises

1 καταλελειμμένοι εἰσὶ τριάκοντα (ᾱ) τοξόταιHave the thirty toxotes been abandoned

2 ἅμα δὲ ἐπέπεμψο ὦ Πρόξενε ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡρανBut by that time you had been sent to the bridge O Proxenus

3 κατακέκοπται τοῖς πολεμίοις ἡ στρατιά (ᾱ)The army had been cut down by the enemy

4 ὁπλῖται χίλιοι (ῑ) πεπεμμένοι ἦσαν κατὰ θάλαττανOne thousand hoplites had been sent down along the sea

5 ὀλίγοι τῶν Κύρου (ῡ) φίλων καταλελειμμένοι ἦσανFew of the friends of Cyrus had been left behind

6 λελειμμένοι ἦσαν οἱ στρατιῶταιThe soldiers had been left

7 ἐκ ταύτης τῆς κώμης ἄγγελος ἐπέπεμτο πρὸς ΚῦρονA messenger had been sent to Cyrus from this village

8 τὰ δένδρα κέκοπταιThe tree has been cut down

9 Κῦρος ἀποπέπεμπται τὸν ἄγγελονCyrus has sent the messenger away

10 τοὺς ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) μεταπεπέμμεθα ἐκ τῆς ΦρυγίᾱςWe have summoned the hoplites from Phrygia

1 The army had been cut to pieces by the satrapἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατεκέκοπται τῷ σατράπῃ

2 Twenty bowmen have been left behind in the plainἔκοσι τοξόται καταλελείμμενοι εἶσιν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

3 A letter had been written at the same timeἅμα ἐπιστολὴ ἐγέγραπτο

4 A messenger has been sent away to the satrapἄγγελος ἀποπέπεμπται παρὰ τὸν σατράπην

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 56: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

5 For a thousand soldiers had been sent to the strongholdχίλιοι (ῑ) γὰρ στρατιῶται ἐπεπεμμενοι ἦσαν παρὰ χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ)

ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἀρταξέρξου βασίλεια ἐν Κελαιναῖς ἐρυμνὰ ἐπὶ ταῖςπηγαῖς τοῦ Μαρσύου ποταμοῦ ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ οὗτος διὰ Κελαινῶν ἐνταῦθα μένει Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τριάκοντα (ᾱ) καὶ ἦκε Κλέαρ-χος ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) καὶ τοξότᾱς ἅμαδὲ καὶ Σοφαίνετος παρῆν ἔχων ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ ἐνταῦθαΚῦρος ἀριθμὸν τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐποίησεν ἐν τῷ πα -ραδείσῳ καὶ ἦσαν ὁπλῖται μὲν μύριοι (ῡ) καὶ χίλιοι (ῑ) πελτασταὶδὲ δισχίλιοι (ῑ)

But the palace of Artaxerxes is also in Celaenae built upon the headwatersof the Marysus river which flows through Celaenae There Cyrus remained for thirty days and Clearchus arrived with athousand hoplites peltasts and toxotes At that same time Sophaenetuswas also there with a thousand hoplites While they were there Cyrusnumbered the Greek soldiers on the estate and there were eleven thousand hoplites and two thousand peltasts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 57: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Perfect Pluperfect and Future Perfect Indicative MiddlePassive of Labial Mute Verbs

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 58: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 23

Inflection Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

πεπειθμαι πεπεισμαιπεπειθσαι πεπεισαιπεπειθται πεπεισταιπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθσθον πεπεισθονπεπειθμεθα πεπεισμεθαπεπειθσθε πεπεισθεπεπειθνται πεπεισμενοι εἰσί

επεπειθμην επεπεισμηνεπεπειθσο επεπεισοεπεπειθτο επεπειστοεπεπειθσθον επεπεισθονεπεπειθσθην επεπεισθηνεπεπειθμεθα επεπεισμεθαεπεπειθσθε επεπεισθεεπεπεισθντο επεπεισμενοι ἦσαν

ηγμαι ηγμαιηγσαι ηξαιηγται ηκταιηγσθον ηχθονηγσθον ηχθονηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηγθεηγνται ηγμενος εἰσί

ηγμην ηγμηνηγσο ηξοηγτο ηκτοηγσθον ηχθονηγσθην ηχθηνηγμεθα ηγμεθαηγσθε ηχθεηγντο ηγμενοι ἦσαν

Vocabulary

εὖ wellεὐώνυμος ον good name good omenμέσος η ον middle centerπαρασκενάζω παρασκενάσωhellip get ready prepareσυντάττω draw together marshalτάττω τάξω ἔταξα τέταχα τέταγμαι ἐτάχθην arrange orderὑποζύγιον ου τό beast of burden baggage animalsφυλάττω φυλάξω ἐφύλαξα πεφύλαχα πεφύλαγμαι εφυλάχθην guard mid guard against

Exercises

1 τοῦτον δὴ εὖ πεφυλάγμεθαIndeed we have guarded ourselves well against this

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 59: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

2 ἦκται ἡ στρατιὰ (ᾱ) κατὰ τὸ τῶν πολεμίων μέσονHe has lead the army against the center of the enemy

3 οἱ δὲ πολέμιοι ἠθροισμένοι εἰσὶ καὶ συντεταγμένοιBut the enemy have been gathered and marshalled

4 Ἀρταξέρξης εἰς μάχην παρεσκεύαστοArtaxerxes had prepared himself for battle

5 οὗτοι οἱ στρατιῶται εὖ τεταγμένοι εἰσίνThese soldiers have been well ordered

6 τῷ δὲ λοχᾱγῷ τούτῳ ἡδέως πέπεισμαιBut this captain has quickly obeyed me

7 ἐτέτακτο δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ εὐωνύμῳ οὗτος ὁ στρατηγόςThis general had been marshalled upon the left flank

8 οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἠγμένοι ἦσαν εἰς τὴν Ἀρταξέρξου σκηνήνThe generals had been lead to the tent of Artaxerxes

9 καὶ τὰ ὅπλα τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν ἦκτο καὶ ὑποζυγίωνAnd he had brought the arms for the soldiers upon baggage animals and a wagon

10 αἱ δὲ σκηναὶ πεφυλαγμέναι εἰσὶ τοῖς βαρβάροιςBut the barbarians have been guarding the tents

1 The fellow has been lead into the presence of Clearchusοὗτος ἦκται παρὰ Κλεάρχον

2 But we had obeyed CyrusΚῦρος δὲ ἐπεπείσμεθα

3 The men on the left flank had been posted at the bridgeοἱ δὲ ἐπὶ εὐωνύμῳ συνετάγμενοι ἦσαν ἐπὶ τὴν γέφῡραν

4 You have prepared yourselves against dreadful foesπαρεσκενασαι ἐπὶ δείνους πολεμίους

5 The horses and the beasts of burden had been led through a hostile countryοἱ ἵπποι καὶ τὰ ὑποζύγια ἦμενοι ἦσαν διὰ πολεμίας χώρᾱς

ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Θύμβριον ἐνταῦθα ἦν παρὰτὴν ὁδόν κρήνη ἐπὶ δὲ ταύτῃ λέγεται Μίδᾱς τὸν Σάτυ -ρον θηρεῦσαι ἐντεῦθεν ἐξελαύνει εἰς Τυριαῖον καὶἐξετάζει ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τὴν στρατιάν (ᾱ) ἐκέλευσε δὲ τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς στρατιώτᾱς ταχθῆναι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχηνἐτάχθησαν οὖν ἐπὶ τεττάρων εἶχε δὲ τὸ μὲνδεξιὸν Μένων καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον Κλέαρχος και οἱ ἐκείνου τὸ δὲ μέσον οἱ ἄλλοι στρατηγοί

From there they marched into Thymbrium where there was a springby the road where it is said that Midas had caught the Satyr And fromthere they marched into Tyriaeum where he inspected the army upona plain He commanded the Greek soldiers to be drawn up as if in battle and so they were thus arranged He had Menon and thosewith him on the right flank Clearchus and his men on the left flankand the other soldiers in the middle

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 60: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Perfect and Pluperfect Indicative Middle and Passive of Palatal and Lingual Mute Verbs

good name good omen

draw together marshal

beast of burden baggage animalsguard mid guard against

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 61: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 24

Inflection None

Vocabulary

ἀλλά but yetἀμφί (+gen) about concerningἀμφί (+acc) about roundἀνά up up along up to at the rate ofἄρχω ἄρξω ἦρξα ἦργμαι ἤρχθην be first rule reign over mid beginαὖ again in turn moreoverεἶτα then thereuponεὐθύς at once immediatelyπερί (+gen) about concerningπερί (+dat) round aboutπερί (+acc) about all around roundπρό beforeπρῶτος η ον first foremostὑπέρ (+gen) over above in behalf ofὑπέρ (+acc) over above

Exercises

1 σύμμαχοι ἀγαθοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀμφὶ ΚῦρονGood allies are around Cyrus

2 οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι ἐθήρευον τὰ θηρία ἀπὸ ἵππωνThe others were hunting the beasts from horseback

3 οἱ Κύρου (ῡ) φίλοι ἐστρατευμένοι εἰσὶν ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦThe friends of Cyrus have made an expedition on his behalf

4 ταῦτα περὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς ἄγγελοι παρὰ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ἔλεξαν Κύρῳ (ῡ) πρὸ τῆς μάχηςMessengers related these things concerning the army to Cyrus before the battle

5 μετὰ τοῦτο πορεύονται ἑπτὰ σταθμοὺς ἀνὰ πέντε παρασάγγᾱς τῆς ἡμέρᾱς παρὰ τὸν ποταμόνAfter this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

6 Κῦρος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπὶ τῷ ἀδελφῷ ἀλλ ἄξιός ἐστιν ἄρχειν ἀντ ἐκείνουCyrus is not against his brother but he is worthy to rule in place of him

7 ἐκεῖνος δὲ τῶν ὁπλῑτῶν ἦρχεν οὗτοι δ αὖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ Ἀρταξέρξου τεταγμένοι ἦσανBut that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes

8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίουCyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain

9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίουςBut the satrap proceeds immediately to Artaxerxes and he has about thirty soldiers

1 The messengers will proceed from the market place to the tentsοἱ ἄγγελοι πορεύσομαι ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς εἰς τὰς σκηνάς

2 Cyrus and his staff proceed immediatley to the palaceΚῦρος καὶ οὗτοι περὶ αὐτὸν πορεύονται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὴν βασίλεια

3 He had a stronghold above the villageἔσχε χωρίον ἰσχύρον (ῡ) ὑπὲρ τῆς κώμης

4 Before the battle the generals sacrificed in their tents to the godsπρὸ τῆς μάχης οἱ στρατηγοὶ ἔθῡσαν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς τοῖς θεοῖς

ἐξετάζει οὖν ὁ Κῦρος πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς βαρβάρουςοἱ δὲ παρελαύνουσι τεταγμένοι κατὰ ἴλᾱς (ῑ) εἶτα δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους στρατιώτᾱς μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἔπεμψεν ἄγγελον

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 62: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

παρὰ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τοὺς Ἑλληνικοὺς καὶ ἐκέλευσεπορεύεσθαι ὥσπερ εἰς μάχην οἱ δὲ ταῦτα ἔλεξαν τοῖς στρατιώταις καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐσάλπιγξεν ὁ σαλπικτής προβάλλονταιτὰ ὅπλα καὶ σὺν κραυγῇ τρέχουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς σκηνάςτοῦτο δὲ τοῖς βαρβάρους φόβον παρεῖχε

Cyrus therefore inspected first the barbarians and they drove forth arragned by companiesfollowed by the other soldiers After this he sent messengers to the Greek generals and orderedthem to proceed as if they were going into battle and they related this to the soldiers And whenthe trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And theycaused a panic among the barbarians

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 63: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

After this he proceeds seven days march along the river at a rate of five parsangs a day

But that man ruled over the hoplites and these in turn had been arranged before Artaxerxes8 Κῦρος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κλέαρχον πρῶτον μὲν τάττειν τοὺς στρατιώτᾱς εἶτα δὲ ἄγειν διὰ τοῦ πεδίου

Cyrus called Clearchus first to arrange the soldiers and then to lead them through the plain9 ὁ δὲ σατράπης πορεύεται εὐθὺς παρὰ τὸν Ἀρταξέρξην καὶ στρατιώτᾱς ἔχει ἀμφὶ τοὺς τριᾱκοσίους

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 64: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

the trumpeter sounded they presented their arms and rushed upon the tents with a shout And they

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 65: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 25

Inflection

-ς κλωπς = κλωψ φυλακς = φυλαξ-ος κλωπος = κλωπος φυλακος = φυλακος-ι κλωπι = κλωπι φυλακι = φυλακι-ν κλωπν = κλωπα φυλακν = φυλακα

-ε κλωπε = κλωπε φυλακε = φυλακε-οιν κλωποιν = κλωποιν φυλακοιν = φυλακοιν

-ες κλωπες = κλωπες φυλακες = φυλακες-ων κλωπων = κλωπων φυλακων = φυλακων-σι κλωπσι = κλωψι φυλακσι = φυλαξι-νς κλωπνς = κλωπας φυλακνς = φυλακας

Vocabulary

διῶρυξ υχος ἡ canal ditchεἰσβολή ῆς ἡ entrance passἔπειμι be on be overΘρᾷξ Θρᾳκός ὁ Thracianθώρᾱξ ᾱκος ὁ breastplateκῆρυξ ῡκος ὁ heraldΚίλιξ ικος ὁ Cilicianκλώψ κλωπός ὁ thiefφάλαγξ αγγος ἡ line of battle phalanxφύλαξ ακος ὁ watcher guard

Exercises

1 Κλέαρχος εἶχεν ὁπλίτᾱς (ῑ) χῑλίους καὶ πελταστὰς (ᾱ) ΘρᾷκαςClearchus had one thousand hoplites and Thracian peltasts

2 ἐκέλευσε πορεύεσθαι τὴν φάλαγγαHe ordered the phalanx to proceed

3 διὰ τοῦ θώρᾱκος ἐτοξεύθη ὑπὸ ΚίλικοςHe was shot through the breastplate by a Cilician

4 τότε δὲ ἅμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κήρῡκας ἔπεμψε περὶ σπονδῶνBut at day break he sent heralds concerning the treaty

5 ἐν δὲ τῇ εἰς τὸ πεδίον εἰσβολῇ τεταγμένοι εἰσὶ τῶν Κιλίκων φύλακεςBut the Cilician phalanxes have been ordered at the entrance to the plain

6 ἀλλ ἐν μέσῳ ἦμεν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς διώρυχοςBut we were in between the river and the canal

7 οἱ γὰρ τοξόται τοὺς κλῶπας ἐδίωξανFor the toxotes pursued the theives

8 τὸ δὲ εὐώνυμον τῆς φάλαγγος αὐτῶν παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ ἦνBut the left flank of their phalanx was against the river

9 τοῖς γὰρ Θρᾳξὶ πολέμιος ἦνFor the Thracians were hostile

10 ἐντεῦθεν ἐπορεύοντο ἐπὶ τὴν διώρυχα γέφῡρα δ ἐπῆσανFrom there they marched along the canal and crossed a bridge

1 This thief was dishonoredοὖτος κλώψ ἠτῑμάσθη

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 66: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

2 The Cilicians have horsesοἱ Κίλικες ἔχουσιν ἵππους

3 He sent Thracians as guardsοἱ Θρᾷκες ἐπέμφησαν ὥσπερ φύλακες

4 The heavy-armed men had breastplatesοἱ ὁπλίται (ῑ) εἶχον θώρακας

5 The canal is long and narrow and upon it is a bridgeδιώρυξ ἑστὶ μακρὸς καὶ στενός καὶ ἐπὶ αὐτῷ ἐστὶ γέφῡρα

ἐκ δὲ Τυριαίου ἐξελαύνει πρὸς Δάνα καὶ Λυκᾱονίᾱνδιήρπασαν οἱ στρατιῶται πολεμίᾱ γὰρ αὐτῷ ἦν ἐνδὲ Δάνοις μένει ὁ Κῦρος ἡμέρᾱς τρεῖς καὶ ἀποκτείνειΜεγαφέρνην φοινῑκιστὴν βασίλειον ἐπεβούλευε γὰραὐτῷ ἐντεῦθεν εἰσέβαλλον εἰς τὴν Κιλικίᾱν ἡ δὲεἰσβολὴ ἦν ὁδὸς ἁμαξιτός ὀρθίᾱ καὶ στενή ἐλέγετο δὲκαὶ Συέννεσις ὁ Κίλιξ εἶναι ἐπὶ τῶν ἄκρων φυλάττωn τὴνεἰσβολήν διὰ τοῦτο ἔμενον ἡμέρᾱν ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

So they marched forth from Tyriaenus to the city of DanaThe soldiers sacked Lycaonia because the country was hos-tile toward them Cyrus spent three days in Dana where heput Megaphernes the royal Phoenicistes to death for plottingagainst him From there they started into Cilicia But while thepass was crossable by wagon the road was steep and narrowand it was rumored that Syennesis the Cilician was upon thesummit guarding the pass For this reason they waited one dayupon the plain

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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Page 67: John Williams White Greek Lesson Charts

Lesson 26 p 74

Inflection

νυκτς νυξ ασπιδς ασπις ορνιθς ορνιςνυκτος νυκτος ασπιδος ασπιδος ορνιθος ορνιθοςνυκτι νυκτι ασπιδι ασπιδι ορνιθι ορνιθινυκτν νυκτα ασπιδν ασπιδα ορνιθν ορνιννυκτε νυκτε ασπιδε ασπιδε ορνιθε ορνιθενυκτοιν νυκτοιν ασπιδοιν ασπιδοιν ορνιθοιν ορνιθοιννυκτες νυκτες ασπιδες ασπιδες ορνιθες ορνιθεςνυκτων νυκτων ασπιδων ασπιδων ορνιθων ορνιθωννυκτσι νυξι ασπιδσι ασπισι ορνιθσι ορνισινυκττνς νυκτας ασπιδντς ασπιδας ορνιθτνς ορνιθας

Vocabulary

ἅρμα ατος τό chariotἀσπίς ίδος ἡ shieldγέρων οντος ὁ old manἐλπίς ίδος ἡ hopeνίκη (ῑ) ης ἡ victoryνύξ νυκτός ἡ nightὄρνῑς ῑθος ὁ ἡ birdστόμα ατος τό mouth van of an armyστράτευμα ατος τό armyχάρις ιτος ἡ grace favor gratitudeχάριν ἔχω be or feel grateful

Exercises

1 ἐν δὲ ταῖς σκηναῖς ἦσαν ἀσπίδεςBut there were sheilds in the tents

2 ἔστι δὲ στράτευμα Περσικὸν ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳBut there was a Persian army in the garden

3 τοῖς οὖν θεοῖς χάριν εἶχον τῆς νίκης (ῑ)They feel grateful to the gods for the victory

4 τὴν γέφῡραν ταύτην λέλυκεν ὁ σατράπης τῆς νίκης (ῑ) τῆς νίκης = genitive of causeThe satrap has destroyed the bridge for the sake of victory

5 τῷ δὲ γέροντι τούτῳ ἐκεῖνοι πολέμιοι ἦσανThat man was hostile to this old man

6 ἐπορεύοντο δὲ εὐθὺς ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ στόμαBut they immediatelt proceeded to the mouth of the river

7 σὺν τοῖς θεοῖς καλαὶ τῷ στρατεύματι ἐλπίδες εἰσὶ νίκης (ῑ)With the gods there are hopes of victory for the army

8 ἐν δὲ ταῖς οἰκίαις ἦσαν ὄρνῑθεςBut there were birds in the houses

9 ἔχομεν καὶ ὅπλα καὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἱκανὰ τὰ ἐπιτήδειαWe have arms chariots and capable equipment

1 We feel grateful to the hold manχάριν ἔχομεν τῷ γέροντι

2 At night they ceased from battleνυκτὶ ἔπαυσαν μάχης

3 Cyrus had twenty chariotsΚῦρος εἶχεν ἔκοισιν ἅρματα

4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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4 The bowmen shot birds and wild asses in the plainοἱ τοξόται ἐτόξευσαν ὄρῑνθας καὶ ἀγρίους ὄνους ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

5 The army was cut to pieces by these barbariansτὸ στράτευμα κατεκοψαν ὐπὸ

γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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γεροντς γερων αρματ αρμαγεροντος γεροντος αρματος αρματοςγεροντι γεροντι αρματι αρματιγεροντν γεροντα αρματ αρμαγεροντε γεροντε αρματε αρματεγεροντοιν γεροντοιν αρματοιν αρματοινγεροντες γεροντες αρματα αρματαγεροντων γεροντων αρματων αρματωνγεροντσι γερουσι αρματσι αρμασιγερονττνς γεροντας αρματα αρματα

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