• image structures: rain shafts, cold pools, gusts• Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity– turbulence retrieval – microphysical retrieval

• Diurnal and MJO composite statistics– rain frequency and type– cloud and subcloud turbulence– shallow cumulus cloud top heights

3-mm W-band Doppler radar

motion-stabilized ≤ 0.5 degrees

O2 deck view

2-μm HRDL High-resolution Doppler lidar

Revelle cloud and boundary layerDoppler remote sensing

Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall

0

10

20

Shallow PPIHigh PPIShallow RHIZenith

minutes

HRDL lidar scanning

Both instruments sample features in the atmosphere as they pass over.• Mean winds, turbulence, and

spatially/temporally evolving wind field• Motion stabilized Doppler radial/vertical

velocities.

6 kmrange

W-band cloud radarContinuously points at zenith

Revelle cloud and boundary layerDoppler remote sensing

Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall

• HRDL and W-band cloud radar measure rain and clear air velocities:– coherent fronts and flows– turbulence

• Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity– Pinsky et al. (2010) air velocity retrieval– cloud and subcloud turbulence

• Combine with areal precipitation statistics from TOGA C-band radar.– composite over MJO convective &

suppressed events

NOAA W-band cloud radar

October 19 hour (UTC)

Kelvin-Helmholtzbillows

Doppler width (m/s)

Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s)

• Stratiform precipitationhas steady fall velocity.•makes air velocity

visible to radar.• DYNAMO has ~100

hours of stratiform rain.

imaging fronts with radar and lidar

radar vertical velocity Processing shows Nyquist-unwrapping and subtracting stratiform rain fall speed.

lidar horizontal velocitiesSpatial sampling by lidar RHI and PPI scans show the front passing over the ship in radial Doppler velocity and backscatter retrievals.

lidar RHI

lidar PPI

radar vertical

A

B

B

B

A

A

see Alan Brewer’s talk and poster

Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s) use to diagnose turbulence

f–5/3

vertical velocity turbulence spectra

heig

ht (k

m)

S2 (m

2 s–1

)