hemorrhaging(blood loss)

heat loss(hypothermia)

increased cellular respirationC6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP

skeletal muscle contraction/relaxation

(shivering)

peripheral vasoconstriction(increased PVR)

sympathetic response

HR x SV x PVR = BP

(compensatory shock)

increased CO2 production

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+ acidosis

α adrenergic stimulation

β adrenergic stimulationhypoxia

volume loss

HR x SV x PVR = BP

O2 carrying capacity loss

(RBC)

end-organ failure

peripheral vasoconstriction(increased PVR)

tachycardia(increased

HR)

anaerobic cellular

metabolism

only glycolysis(lactic acid build-up)