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Page 1: Green Energy Opportunities in Cyprus

Green energy opportunities in Cyprus

WP 2 Training of trainers for participation at CTIs

Green Energy Opportunities in CyprusRenewable energy poses some unique challenges and opportunities in Cyprus.

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Dr Venizelos EfthymiouChairman of FOSS Research Centre University of [email protected]

Venizelos Efthymiou
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Strategy of Europe for 2020 to 2030 +

≥30% Energy

Efficiency

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The challenge of efficiency…

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Grid energy opportunities in Cyprus

Energy in transition: Grid responds We are moving on a road that is characterised by

fundamental changes in the energy mix; How do we transform the strategy of our countries for

achieving the objectives set out collectively at European level?

How do we harvest the inexhaustive source of energy that is coming to us from the sun for economic and social prosperity?

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Why Solar Energy?

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PV Electricity Price: 9-14 c/kWhGrid Domestic Price: 18 c/kWh

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Grid energy opportunities in Cyprus

Long-term utility-scale PV system price scenarios

Source: Fraunhofer ISE (2015): Current and Future Cost of Photovoltaics. Study on behalf of Agora Energiewende

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Crystalline Silicon Technology Portfolioc-Si - PV is not a Commodity, but a High-Tech Product!

Material quality diffusion length base conductivity device quality passivation of surfaces low series resistance light confinement cell structures PERC: Passivated Emitter and Rear

Cell MWT: Metal Wrap Through IBC-BJ: Interdigitated Back Contact –

Back Junction HJT: Hetero Junction Technology

Adapted from Preu et al., EU-PVSEC 2009

material quality

module efficiency

IndustryStandard

IBC-BJHJT

PERC

MWT-PERC20%19%

18%

17%16%

15%14%

21%

device quality

BC-HJT

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PV Market Growth: PV heading into the Terawatt Range!

Source: IEA 2014

Rapid introduction of PV globally is fueled by availability of cost-competitive, distributed energy

In 2050 between 4.000 and 30.000 GWp PV will be installed! By 2015, less than 300 GWp have been installed!

We are just at the beginning of the global growth curve!

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Atmosphere/Energy Program, Dept. of Civil and Env. Engineering, Stanford University

Institute of Transportation Studies, U.C. BerkeleyTechnical University of Berlin

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Business is not as usual: A new norm is born

Through the dynamics of RES we are re-shaping the electrical industry,

We need to go beyond integration – RES is not as conceived, a tolerable integration into status quo arrangements but a much smarter need,

Through the adoption of these new technologies, a new norm is born that requires:

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Convergence between policymakers for better prices and demand reliability from System Operators

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Rebalancing between opportunities of developers and grid challenges of System Operators

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Grid energy opportunities in Cyprus

New market models for expanding the electricity business into the internet of energy

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Value of Grid Service: Five Primary Benefits

The full value of a grid connection is not fully understood. Grid-provided energy (kWh) offers clearly recognized value, but grid connectivity serves roles that are important beyond providing energy. Grid capacity provides needed power for overload capacity, may absorb energy during over-generation, and supports stable voltage and frequency.

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Grid is becoming bi-directional

Today’s power system has served society well, with average annual system reliability of 99.7% + in Cyprus, in terms of electricity availability.

The classic vision of electric power grids with one-way flow is changing. Consumers, energy suppliers, and developers increasingly are adopting DER to supplement or supplant grid-provided electricity. This is particularly notable with respect to distributed PV power generation.

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Decarbonisation & RES

A smart approach is needed to manage the shift from centralized to dispersed energy

Distribution networks need to become ‘smart’ to cope with the power decarbonisation challenge & required RES penetration

DSO

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Scaling up of smart grid connectivity is flexible ...

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Aggregation is flexible ...

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Market functioning is flexible ...

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Market functioning through aggregators

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Operators will need flexibility to manage local network constraints…to integrate DG RES & comply with their responsibilities

Beyond a certain level, reinforcement is necessary but the existing capacity could be used more efficiently, investment deferred & the

peak load required on the network reduced!

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Source: JRC(2011)

80% of investments by DSOs

A smart infrastructure investment is the one which achieves the goal at the lowest cost (cost-efficient system approach!)

Investments for SG might benefit several parties, but mostly are done by DSOs

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Distributed control architecture will prevail seamlessly linking all active elements of the integrated grid

Embedded systems with microgrid capabilities or “web of cell” connectivity will offer quality inclusion of energy efficient buildings

Policy and Regulatory shortcomings need to be addressed for smart investments to prevail and maximize benefits to all active stakeholders !!!

There is a need for smart regulation with incentives …

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Not a ‘Revolution’ but an ‘Evolution’ ofRoles, Responsibilities & Interactions

DG RES Penetration level

‘Smartness’

Passive Distribution

Re-Active Network Integration

Pro-Active Network Management

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Smart Grid Task Force EG3: Options of handling Smart Grids Data

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The bi-directional nature of storage offers a wealth of flexibility …

Complex to regulate due to its multi-use capability – But offers much needed flexibility !

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Maturity of energy storage technologies

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Grid energy opportunities in Cyprus

Reference architecture for E-mobility (SGAM- CEN, CENELEC,ETSI)

Interoperability enables intelligent devices and systems to connect and work securely and effectively with little or no inconvenience to the user. When the scale of information and communications technology (ICT) connectivity is as big as the electric power system,

the multipliers are large and the benefits of improving interoperability are manifold!

Ref: GridWise

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Basic realities

EVs provide an important part of the solution towards more sustainable transport. They are cleaner, quieter and three times more energy efficient than their conventional counterparts.

90% of EV charging is estimated to take place at household and workplace locations

Analysis shows that even if all the cars on the road today were electric in EU the current electricity system could cope with the resulting increase in electricity demand: i.e. a corresponding 802 TWh or 24.3% increase in the total demand

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Why smart charging is essential?

Smart charging can enable EVs to act as flexible loads and decentralised storage resource that can benefit the power system as a whole and minimise or eventually avoid grid reinforcements

Customers will be able to save on their energy bill by agreeing to shift their consumption to off-peak hours with cheaper electricity tariffs.

In doing so, and adding further savings from fuel switching, car owners can benefit from a reduction of 23% in an electric car’s total cost of ownership (TCO) as compared to a conventional fuel car.

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Total cost of ownership is lower

Over a ten-year lifetime of a car, customers can benefit from a cost reduction of up to 23% when the conventional fuel car is replaced by a comparable electric car and when smart charging is used. EURELECTRIC: Smart charging - Steering the charge, driving the change

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UCy is building the infrastructure so that the energy needs of the new university campus can efficiently be met through a full functioning microgrid infrastructure – More over, the infrastructure will be developed with such architecture so that it can fulfil the requirements to be a test bed for related technologies and systems to facilitate development, offer training and education possibilities to the students of the university with state of the art technologies.

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Scope Transform the University of Cyprus into an energy optimal microgrid in the scope of

improving the energy efficiency of the campus and its zero energy green objectives.

Keep balance of energy supply and demand and improve end use for to achieve the demand response objectives offering flexibility for improved security of supply.

Test bed for innovation, development and research for the University of Cyprus on related novel technologies that will support the educational objectives of UCy.

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Data collection configurationProsumer (Producer + consumer)

Datasets:• PV production• Import/export

Datasets from PV and import/export energy from grid

Datasets synchronization

Datasets from smart meters

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Real life success stories from completed projects around the world

University of Genoa. Prinsceton University. Clarkson University and National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT).

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Benefits: Capital cost $12M - Payback period ~5 years (from onetime and annual savings)

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Business Plan - Technical Smart controllers and sensors for data and

local control for effective demand side management policy.

Local PV generation directly connected to the local grid (400 kWp already connected and operated as self-consumption – 10 MWp planned to be operational by 2017).

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Thermal and electrochemical storage facilities (≈2 MWh). 4 heat pumps of total capacity 1 MW for improved efficiencies. Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Full broad band connectivity with the local DSO for improved data

management and in support of the research activities in support of the grid.

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Additional plan in the pipe line

A combined heat and power unit of size 800 kW to compliment the heating, cooling and electricity needs of the university.

A new faculty building for Biology (scheduled to be completed by 2020) equipped with A PV system of size 138 kWp A solar thermal system for domestic hot water needs

A new solar system to satisfy the cooling and heating needs of the Students Residence.

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Detailed design is in progress

DG mix selection, smart meters / sensors, Technology Selection, tariff design, Protection and Power Quality

Primary frequency and voltage control: DG droop control, coordinated voltage/frequency support

Secondary control: Design of MGCC, forecasting, unit commitment, economic dispatch, security

Consumers: Load Management via electronic meters to achieve flexible demand response,

Storage size and options: transition to island mode, Ancillary services in grid connected mode

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Horizon 2020 projects in support

Generalized Operational FLEXibility for Integrating Renewables in the Distribution Grid. The GOFLEX project will innovate, integrate, further develop and demonstrate a group of electricity smart-grid technologies, enabling the cost effective use of demand response in distribution grids, increasing the grids’ available adaptation capacity and safely supporting an increasing share of renewable electricity generation.

Integrated Smart GRID Cross-Functional Solutions for Optimized Synergetic Energy Distribution, Utilization. InteGRIDy aims to integrate cutting-edge technologies, solutions and mechanisms in a scalable Cross-Functional Platform connecting energy networks with diverse stakeholders, facilitating optimal and dynamic operation of the Distribution Grid, fostering the stability and coordination of distributed energy resources and enabling collaborative storage schemes within an increasing share of renewables.

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Horizon 2020 projects in support StoRES foresees the development of an optimal policy for the

effective integration of photovoltaics (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS) via testing smart solutions in 5 MED countries. The challenge is to achieve high PV penetration in their energy mix through solving all market/technical/grid issues without compromising grid stability or security of supply.

PEGASUS: The growing power consumption in already fragile territories, as rural area and islands could benefit by the technology developments that the RES are bringing. The use of mature RES, already present in the MED territories through the application of smart technology like microgrids might represent a step forward towards a sustainable and inclusive growth.

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Horizon 2020 projects in support BestRES: There is a strong need for innovative business models

for RES electricity generation in the long and mid-term because support schemes will fade out in the long term pushing renewables on the market at no marginal costs.

The aim of the BestRES project is to identify best practices business models for renewable electricity generation in Europe and to improve these further taking into account new opportunities and synergies coming along with changing market designs in line with the EU target model. Business models investigated in this project shall make use of the aggregation of various renewable sources, storage and flexible demand.

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Potential / Advantages

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University of Cyprus• Supply and demand balance/improved energy efficiency• Cheaper electricity bills• Create a greener campus• Testbed for research and education at the University of

Cyprus

Citizens/Country• Onsite resources to ease pressure on the grid• Improve reliability and resilience of grid• Support the grid for the penetration of more renewables• Support the sustainable policies of the Country

Environment• 2500 t/CO2 per year• 250 Hectares of forest absorbing CO2

• €57,500 per year revenue (GHG reduction credit)

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Just to remember …..

"The train to a global clean-energy future has already left the station. We can choose to get on board — to lead — or we can choose to be left behind, to stand stubbornly still. If we stubbornly deny the science and change around us, we will fall victim to our own paralysis." Gina McCarthy, EPA Chief

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DG RES Penetration level

‘Smartness’

Passive Distribution

Re-Active Network Integration

Pro-Active Network Management

Thank you !! Any Questions