Glykolyse- ein Stoffwechselweg zur

schnellen Bereitstellung von Energie

N

NN

N

NH2

O

OHOH

CH2O P O P O P

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

ATP

Adenin

Triphosphat

Ribose

Adenosin

Säureanhydridbindungen

2

α-D-Glucose

PAdenosin PP~ ~

O

CH2O

OH

OHHO OH

H PO32-

1

23

4

5

6

Glucose-6-phosphat

Glykolyse: Stufe 1

3

α-D-GlucoseO

CH2OH

OH

OHHO OH

Glucose-6-phosphatO

CH2O

OH

OHHO OH

Hexokinase

ATP

P

Glykolyse: Stufe 1 Phosphorylierung

ADP

4

O

OCH2

OH

OHHO OH

H

H

Glucose-6-phosphat

Fructose-6-phosphat

Glucose-6-phosphat-isomerase

P

C

C

O H

C

C

C

CH2O

OH

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

H

CO

C

C

C

CH2O

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

CH2OH

Glykolyse: Stufe 1 Isomerisierung

α-D-GlucoseATP

5

CO

C

C

C

CH2O

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

CH2O

Fructose-6-phosphat

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

Phosphofructo-kinase

ATP

CO

C

C

C

CH2O

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

CH2OH

Glykolyse: Stufe 1 Phosphorylierung

ADP

α-D-GlucoseATP

6

CO

C

C

C

CH2O

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

CH2O

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

C

C

H O

OHH

CH2O

Dihydroxy-acetonphosphat

Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat

Aldolase

+

Glykolyse: Stufe 2 Aldolspaltung

CO

CHO H

CH2O

H

DHAP GAP

α-D-GlucoseATP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

7

CO

C

C

C

CH2O

HO

OH

OH

H

H

H

CH2O

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

C

C

H O

OHH

CH2O

Dihydroxy-acetonphosphat

Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat

Aldolase

Glykolyse: Stufe 2 Aldolspaltung

CO

CHO H

CH2O

H

α-D-GlucoseATP

ATP

Triosephosphat-isomerase

GAPDHAP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

8

Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerat2

Glycerin-aldehyd-

3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase

C OHH

CH2O

C O H

C OHH

CH2O

C O H

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 Oxidation u. Phosphorylierung

NAD+, Pi

P

O

O

OH

O

NAD+, Pi

NADH NADH

α-D-GlucoseATP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

GAPDHAP

9

21,3-Bisphosphoglycerat

2

Phospho-glycerat-kinase

3-Phosphoglycerat

OOC

C OHH

CH2O

OOC

C OHH

CH2O

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 Substratkettenphosphorylierung

ADP ADP

ATP ATP

α-D-GlucoseATP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

GAPDHAP

NADH NADH

10

2

2

Phospho-glycerat-mutase

2-Phosphoglycerat

OOC

C OHH

CH2O

OOC

C OHH

CH2O

3-Phosphoglycerat

C

C OH

CH2OH

O O

C

C OH

CH2OH

O O

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 Phosphatverschiebung

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADHATP ATP

11

2

Enolase

Phosphoenol-pyruvat

C

C OH

CH2OH

O O

C

C OH

CH2OH

O O

2-Phosphoglycerat

O

O CC

O

CHH

O

O CC

O

CHH

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 Wasserabspaltung

H2O

2

H2O

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADHATP ATP

PEP PEP

12

2

2

Pyruvatkinase

Pyruvat (Enolform)

Phosphoenol-pyruvat

O

O CC

OH

CHH

O

O CC

OH

CHH

O

O CC

O

CHH

O

O CC

O

CHH

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 ATP-Bildung

ADP ADP

ATP ATP

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADHATP

PEP

Pyruvat

PEP

Pyruvat

ATP

13

2

2

Pyruvat (Enolform)

O

O CC

OH

CHH

O

O CC

OH

CHH

Pyruvat (Ketoform)C

CO

CH3

O

O

CC

O

CH3

O

O

Glykolyse: Stufe 3

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADHATP

PEP

Pyruvat

PEP

Pyruvat

ATP

ATP ATP

14

Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat2

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerat2

C OHH

CH2O

C O H

C OHH

CH2O

C O H

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

Glykolyse: Stufe 3

NADH

NAD+

NADH

NAD+, Pi , Pi

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADHATP

PEP

Pyruvat

PEP

Pyruvat

ATPNADH

ATP ATP

15

C OHH

CH2O

C O H NAD+

H2O

C OHH

CH2O

C O OH

Glykolyse: Stufe 3

NADH

H+

Oxidation

+

+1 +3

C OHH

CH2O

C O OH

1.

2.P

O

O

OH

O

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADH

16

C OHH

CH2O

C HO

R

HS

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 – katalytischer Mechanismus

Thiohalbacetal

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

17

CONH2

N RH NH R

CONH2

C O H

RS

H

Histidin NAD+

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 – katalytischer Mechanismus

Thioester-Zwischenprodukt

NADHα-D-Glucose

ATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

18

N RH

CONH2

C O

RS

Histidin NAD+

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 – katalytischer Mechanismus

H

Thioester-Zwischenprodukt

P

O

O

OH

O

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH

19

C OHH

CH2O

C O O

C O

R S

Histidin NAD+

Glykolyse: Stufe 3 – katalytischer Mechanismus

H O

1,3 Bisphosphoglycerat

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH

20

N RH

CONH2

Glykolyse: Zusammenfassung

O

CH2OH

OH

OHHO OH

CC

O

CH3

O

O

CC

O

CH3

O

OATP ATP

NADH NADH

Lactat

NAD+

NAD+

O

O CC

CH3

OH

O

O CC

CH3

OH

α-D-GlucoseATP

GAPDHAP

ATP

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphat

NADH NADHATP

PEP

Pyruvat

PEP

Pyruvat

ATP

ATP ATP

21