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Page 1: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Energy Efficient Hydraulics and Pneumatics Conference, 2012

Paul Michael Milwaukee School of Engineering

Energy Efficient Fluids

Page 2: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Volumetric Efficiency ηV

Effic

ienc

y

ηO = ηV*ηHM

ZNp

100%

Theoretical Pump Efficiency Curve

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Page 3: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Test Procedure ISO 4409 Method Vary input shaft speed and

pump outlet pressure Measure input shaft torque

and pump flow rate

Test Conditions 16 External Gear Pumps • 7 Manufacturers Mineral oil hydraulic fluids • ISO VG 32 & 46 • 50 & 80C Size (displacement) • 32.3 to 56.6 cc Maximum speed • 2600 to 3200 rpm Maximum pressure • 172 to 276 Bar (2500 to 4000 psi)

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Average Volumetric Efficiency 16 Pumps

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p

Volum

etric

Effi

cienc

y, ηv

Gear Pump ID

Volumetric Efficiency of Gear Pumps, ηv

ƞ 50 C, % ƞ 80 C, %

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Page 5: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Average Mechanical Efficiency 16 Pumps

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p

Mec

hanic

al Ef

ficien

cy, η

hm

Gear Pump ID

Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps, ηhm

ƞ 50 C, % ƞ 80 C, %

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Confidence Intervals for Mean Efficiency

92.4

86.9 87.1 88.4

75.7

81.6

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Experimental Pump Efficiency Curve

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Page 8: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Motor Efficiency Analysis

Fluid Vis @ 40°C (mm2/s) Description Vis

Index Traction

Coefficient Friction

Coefficient

HM46-1 46 Group I mineral oil plus S-P Ashless AW additive 100 0.048 0.156

HM46-5 46 HM46-1 plus 0.5% alkyl phosphonate 100 0.039 0.133

Test Motor Pump

Resistive Load

Test Fluid

DCV

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Motor Efficiency Analysis

Fluid Vis @ 40°C (mm2/s) Description Vis

Index Traction

Coefficient Friction

Coefficient

HM46-1 46 Group I mineral oil plus S-P Ashless AW additive 100 0.048 0.156

HM46-5 46 HM46-1 plus 0.5% alkyl phosphonate 100 0.039 0.133

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PQ

NT

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Geroler Motor Orbital (Geroler) Motor

Parker TG240 14.5 cu. in. 390 RPM 3000 psi

ISO 46 Straight Grade Group I Mineral Oil (HM46-1) HM46-1+ 0.5% Friction Modifier (HM46-5)

1 RPM

Volumetric Mechanical

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Axial Piston Motor Axial Piston Motor

Sauer-Danfoss Series 90 6.1 cu. In. 5350 RPM 6000 psi

ISO 46 Straight Grade Group I Mineral Oil (HM46-1) HM46-1+ 0.5% Friction Modifier (HM46-5)

1 RPM

Volumetric Mechanical

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Radial Piston Motor Radial Piston Motor

Poclain MS0E2 20.2 cu. in. 200 RPM 5800 psi

Volumetric

1 RPM

Mechanical

ISO 46 Straight Grade Group I Mineral Oil (HM46-1) HM46-1+ 0.5% Friction Modifier (HM46-5)

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System Efficiency Test

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NT

NT

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System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Geroler Motor with oil at 50 & 80°C

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80°C

50°C

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System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Radial Piston Motor with oil at 50 & 80°C

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80°C

50°C

Page 16: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Axial Piston Motor with oil at 50 & 80°C

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80°C

50°C

Page 17: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Geroler Motor at different pump speeds

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1800 RPM

1200 RPM

800 RPM

Page 18: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Radial Piston Motor at different pump speeds

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1800 RPM

1200 RPM

800 RPM

Page 19: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

System Efficiency Map Axial Piston pump and Axial Piston Motor at different pump speeds

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1800 RPM

1200 RPM

800 RPM

Page 20: Energy Efficient Fluids - Fluid Power Journalfluidpowerjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/06_04_michael... · Gear Pump ID Mechanical Efficiency of Gear Pumps,

Conclusions

• Gear pump efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the oil viscosity

• Hydraulic motor efficiency can be enhanced by improving lubricity

• System efficiency can be enhanced by reducing fluid temperature and pump speed

• Hydraulic fluid that exhibits a minimum change in viscosity with temperature (High VI) and improved lubricity (Low boundary friction)

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