Download - Electronics I - Introduc0on - Gonzaga Universityweb02.gonzaga.edu/.../talarico/EE303/HO/ch1_analog.pptx.pdfElectronics vs. Microelectronics • Discrete Circuits vs. Integrated Circuits

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  • ElectronicsI-Introduc0on

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    Chapter1

  • Electronicsvs.Microelectronics•  DiscreteCircuitsvs.IntegratedCircuits

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    •  Limitthecomponentcounttoachieveasmallboardarea

    •  Availableresistorsareintherange1Ω-10MΩ

    •  Availablecapacitorsareinrange1pF-10mF

    •  Allresistorsarewithin1-10%oftheirnominalvalue

    •  Theu0lityofdiscretetransistorsislimited.Usuallypreferopampsoverdiscretetransistors.Some0meuseBJTsifopampscan’tdothejob.UseMOSFETprimarilyasswitches

    •  Avoidusingresistorsandinductors,useasmanyMOSFETtransistorsasneededtorealizethebestcircuitimplementa0on

    •  Availablecapacitorsareinrange1fF-100pF

    •  Thecri0calparametersintransistorscanbemadetomatchwithin1%,butvarybymorethan30%fordifferentfabrica0onruns

    •  Capacitorsofsimilarsizecanmatchtowithin0.1%,butvarybymorethan10%fordifferentfabrica0onruns

    Source:B.Murmann,Stanford

  • CircuitsareEverywhere

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  • Inthebeginningwas…

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  • Moore’sLaw

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    In1965,GordonMoore’spredictedexponen0algrowthinthenumberoftransistorperintegratedcircuits

  • …andthepredic0onwasright

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    Transistorshavebecome:•  smaller•  faster•  consumelesspower•  cheaperto

    manufacture

    source:wikipedia

  • TransistorsCost

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  • Everybodycanaffordalotoftransistors

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  • SocialImpact

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  • Applica0onsdrivingthemarket

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  • IoTTrend:moreconnectedthingsthanpeople

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  • StateoftheArtSemiconductorFab

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    Source:B.Murmann,Stanford

  • 45nmCMOSTechnology(Intel)

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    source:SteveCowdenTheOregonianJuly2007

  • StateoftheArtMicroprocessor

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  • HearingAidwithWirelessReceiver

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  • AnalogandDigitalSignals

    •  Analog=signalsthatoccursinnaturearecon0nuousin0meandcon0nuousinamplitude

    •  Digital(abstrac0on)=signalcantakeonlyafinitenumberofvaluesandcanchangesonlyatfixedpointsin0me

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  • AnalogandDigitalSignals

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    Thedigitalsignal(red)isthesampledandroundedrepresenta0onofthegreyanalogsignal

    S/H QAnalogWorld

    DigitalWorld

    Source:wikipedia

  • Analog&vs.Digital

    •  AnalogCircuitsAdvantages– Requirefewerdevices– Bekertodealwithlowsignalamplitudes– Bekertodealwithhighfrequencies

    •  DigitalCircuitsAdvantages– Bekerimmunitytonoise– More“adaptable”(e.g.microprocessors)– Designcanbedoneatmoreabstractlevel– Bekereconomic(easiertoimplementasICs)

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  • MixedSignalSystem

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    Digital Processing

    A/D

    D/A

    Signal Conditioning

    Signal Conditioning

    Analog Media and

    Transducers

    Sensors, Actuators, Antennas, Storage Media, ...

    Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuit

    Source:B.Murmann,Stanford

    signalcondi0oning=signalscaling(amplifica0onorakenua0on)andshining

  • ManagingComplexity:LevelsofAbstrac0on

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    Analog Digital

    S/H QAnalogWorld

    DigitalWorld

    Source:B.Murmann,Stanford

  • CommonAnalogBlocks

    •  Powersupplies•  Amplifiers•  Filters•  Signalgenerators(oscillators)•  Wave-shapingcircuits•  Converters(ADCandDAC)

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  • Circuitdesignersmustbebroad

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    Source:B.Murmann,Stanford

  • CourseTopics•  PhysicsofSemiconductors•  Diodemodelsandapplica0oncircuits•  BasicsofAmplifiers•  CircuitSimula0on•  Transistors(BJTsandMOSTs)•  BiasingofTransistors•  SinglestageAmplifiers(atomsofanalogdesign)•  Mul0stageAmplifiers•  CurrentSourcesandMirrors•  FrequencyResponseofAmplifiers•  Opampbasedfeedbackcircuits

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  • Prerequisites•  Lumpedvs.distributedcircuits•  Kirchhoff’sRules•  Independentanddependentsources•  Superposi0onprinciple•  TheveninandNortonequivalents•  Cons0tu0veequa0onsofR,LandC•  Sinusoidsandcomplexexponen0als•  LTIsystemsandtheirproper0es•  FouriertransformandLaplacetransform•  Frequencyand0me-domainresponseofLTIsystems•  Firstandsecondorderlinearcircuits(transientandsteady

    stateresponse)

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