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Page 1: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets 1997 Soft Ferrite Users Conference

By : George Orenchak

TSC Ferrite International

Page 2: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 1

Soft Ferrite is the general term to a class of ceramic, electromagnetic materials ν They have a homogeneous cubic spinel

crystalline structure ν Are composed of iron oxide with divalent

metal oxides ν MnZnFe2O4 or NiZnFe2O4

Page 3: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 2

Advantages of Soft Ferrite ν High Resistivity = low eddy current loss = high usable

frequency ranges ν High Magnetic Permeability = high induction in minimal

space ν Versatility of core shapes = satisfies magnetic

requirements in minimal space ν Light Density = light weight ν Low Cost Relative to Alternative Materials

Page 4: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 3

NiZn Ferrite are best for > 2 MHz

MnZn Ferrite are best for 20 KHz to 2 MHz

80% NiFe is best for 2 KHz to 20 KHz

50% NiFe is best for 300 Hz to 2 KHz

3% SiFe is best < 300 Hz

10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000100

1000

10000

100000

Frequency (Hz)

Pe

rfo

rma

nce

Fa

cto

r (T

es

la H

ert

z)

3%SiFe 50%NiFe 80%NiFe MnZn Ferrite NiZn Ferrite

Core MaterialsPerformance Factor vs. Kilohertz

Page 5: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 4

MnZn NiZn

Volume Resistivity ρρρρ ΩΩΩΩcm

50 to 100 1x105 to 5x109

Permeability µµµµ 1,000 to 15,000 10 to

1,000 Saturation Flux Density Bm

Gauss 3,000 to 5,000 2,000

to 3,500

Useful frequency Range MHz Up To 10

Up To 100

Density G/cm3 4.8 4.9

Some Important Properties

Page 6: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 5

Core Loss - A measure of the efficiency of a material at high levels of magnetizing force. Dissipated energy in the form of heat.

Core loss vs. Temperature25kH, 2000 gauss

0102030405060708090

100110120130140

20 40 60 80 100 120

Temperature in Centigrade

mW/cc

TSF-5080 TSF-7070 TSF-8040

• Core size is often constrained by temperature rise that results from core loss

• A number of material grades have been designed so that their minimum core loss occurs at specific Temperatures.

Page 7: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 6

Saturation Flux Density - The value of magnetic flux density at saturation. A materials maximum magnetic induction.

B = (Erms)(108) / (4.44)(f)(N)(Ae) Saturation Flux Density vs. Temperature

TSF-7070 material15 oersteds

Temperature in Centigrade

Flu

x D

ensi

ty (

gau

ss)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

-30 -10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250

• Core size is often constrained by Saturation Flux Density • Saturation Flux Density decreases with increasing temperature. Often a material's Saturation Flux Density is a constraint on the minimum core size. f = frequency N= turns Ae = effective core area

Page 8: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 7

Ferrite Material Constants Specific Heat 0.25 cal / g / °°°°c Thermal Conductivity 10 x 10-3 cal / sec / cm / °°°°c Coefficient of Linear Expansion

8 to 10 x 10-6 / °°°°c

Compressive Strength 60 x 103 lbs / in2 Young’s Modulus 18 x 103 lbs / in2 Hardness (Knoop) 650 Density 4.6 to 4.8 gm / cm3 •••• Ferrites are poor thermal conductors, are strong in compression but weak in tension

Page 9: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 8

Common Core Configurations

B A

C

B

F E

D

A

C

A

B

F E

D

C

A

B

F E

D

C B

F E

D

A

C

K

Toroid E core ETD core EC core EFD core

A

BC

D

F E

K

C

F EGA

D

B B

D

HFJ

E

AG

C

C HF

B

DG

A

E A HF

B

D

G

C

E

EP core PQ core RM core Pot core DS core

A

B

E

D

C B

F E

D

A

C

D

B

A

C

U core Planar E core Planar I core

Page 10: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 9

Applications using Ferrites

ν Inductors Inductance is the electrical circuit property that opposes change in current due to a magnetic field

ν Transformers Devices that transform electric energy from one circuit to another by electromagnetic induction

ν Noise Suppression Reduction of unwanted high frequency electrical disturbance

ν Deflection Yokes for CRT & Video Displays Electromagnet for deflecting (directing) electron beams

Page 11: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10

Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation Transformer ν Current Transformer ν Voltage Transformer ν Wide Band Transformer ν Pulse Transformer ν Switching Power (Output/Inverter) Transformer

ν Flyback Transformer ν Forward Transformer ν Push-Pull Transformer ν Half-Bridge Transformer ν Full-Bridge Transformer

Page 12: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 11

Page 13: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 12

Page 14: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 13

Inductor Applications

νFilter Inductor νCommon Mode Inductor νDifferential Mode Inductor

νPower Inductor νResonant Inductor νBoost Inductor νOutput Choke Inductor

Page 15: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 14

Inductance - Electrical property that opposes any change in current because of a magnetic field. L = ((.004) (ππππ) (N2) (Ae) (106)) / Le (in Henries)

• Material Permeability, core dimensions & number of turns all affect inductance and therefor affect component size

Ae = effective cross sectional area

Le = effective magnetic path length

N = turns on coil.

Page 16: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 15

ν Telecommunications Markets

ν System Networks ν Integrated System Digital Networks

(ISDN) ν Modems ν Cell Phones & Pagers

Page 17: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 16

Power Supply Markets

ν Computers (Notebook to Mainframe) ν Medical Equipment ν Test Equipment

Page 18: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 17

Fluorescent Lighting Ballast Markets ν Commercial, Industrial & Institutional

Lighting ν Compact Florescent Lamps ν Controllable Lighting ν Emergency Lighting

Page 19: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 18

Automotive Markets ν HID Head Lamps ν Neon Stop Lights ν Battery Chargers for Electric

Vehicles ν Sensors

Page 20: By : George Orenchak TSC Ferrite International · Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 10 Transformer Applications ν Impedance Matching Transformer ν Isolation

Soft Ferrite Advantages, Capabilities & Markets Slide 19

Consumer Electronics

ν Conventional Television ν Digital & High Definition Television ν VCR ν Stereo & Radio