- 1. - 34 - BIOLOGY
- 2. - 35 -
- 3. - 1 - 5 . 1. (Digestion) 2 1. 2. 2 1. (Mechanical Digestion)
2. (Chemical Digestion) (Mouth) (Teeth) (Tongue) (Salivary Gland)
(Pharynx) (Esophagus) ---Collar Cell Choanocyte (Gastrovascular
Cavity) (Pharynx) (Sucker) (Scolex) (Gizzard) 2. ANIMAL PHISIOLOGY
(Stomach) Mucous Cell , Parietal Cell ,Chief Cell (Small Intestine)
Duodenum ,Jejunum ,Ileum (Pancreas) , (Liver) (Large Intestine)
ANIMAL PHISIOLOGY
- 4. - 2 - 7 . 3. (Respiration) 1. (External Respiration) 2.
(Internal Respiration) 2 1. (Air Passage) (Nose (Pharynx (Larynx)
(Trachea (Bronchus) (Bronchiole) 4. (Excretion) - (Contractile
Vacuole) - Gastrovascular Cavity 2. (Air Exchange) (Alveolus)
Medulla Oblongata 2
- 5. - 3 - 8 . - (Flame Cell) - (Nephridium) 1 - (Malpighian
Tubule) (Kidney) 2 (Cortex) (Medulla) (Pelvis) (Ureter) (Urinary
Bladder) (Urethra) (Nephron) 1. (Bowmans Capsule) 2. (Glomerulus)
3. --- (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) (Loop Of Henle) (Distal
Convoluted Tubule)
- 6. - 4 - 9 . 5. 2 1. 2. (Blood Pressure) (Systolic Pressure)
(Diastolic Pressure)
- 7. - 5 - 6 . 2. 1. (Aerobic Respiration) 1.1 (Glycolysis) 1.2
1.3 (Krebs Cycle) 1.4 2. (Anaerobic Respiration) 2.1 (Alcoholic
Fermentation) 2.2 (Lactic Acid Fermentation) Aerobic Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration 4
36-38 ATP 1 2 ATP 1 Co2 H2 O ATP Co2 ATP ATP
- 8. - 6 - 10 . (Blood Vessel) 3 1. (Artery) 2. (Vein) 3.
(Capillary) 3.1 (Plasma 3.2 (Blood Corpuscle) (White Blood Cell
Leucocyte) (Red Blood Cell Erythrocyte) * ABO 2 2 A B (Multiple
Allele) 4 Rh (Lymph) () (Lymph Vessel) (Lymphatic Organ) 1. (Lymph
Node) 2. (Spleen) 3. (Thymus Gland) 1. (Innate Immunity) 2. (Active
Immunization) Granule Leucocyte (Neutrophil) (Eosinophil)
(Basophil) (Heparin) Nongranule Leucocyte (Monocyte)
(Lymphocyte)
- 9. - 7 - 11 . 6. - (Amoeboid Movement)--- (Pseudopodium -
(Flagellum)--- (Microtubule) 9 + 2 - (Cilia) (Paramecium) - (Jelly
Fish) (Planaria) (Earth Worm) (Gastropods) (Squid) (star fish) 206
1. (Axial Skeleton) 80 2. (Appendicular Skeleton) 126 500 3 1.
(Striated Muscle) 2. (Cardiac Muscle) 3. (Smooth Muscle)
- 10. - 8 - 16 . 7. (Gonad) 7.1 (Testis) ----- (Androgen)
(Testoserone) 7.2 (Ovary)-------- (estrogen) (progesterone) 8. ----
HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) (Progesterone) 9. (Thymus gland)
------ (Thymosin) 10. --------- (Gastrin) 11. (intestin) ----------
(Secretin) 9. (Behavior) ------------ 9.1 (Inherited Behavior) 1.
(Kinesis) 2. (Taxis) 3. (Reflex) 4. (Chain Of Reflex) 9.3 (Visual
Communication) (Sound Communication) ------ (Pheromone) (Tactile
Communication) 9.2 (Learning Behavior) 1. (Habituation) 2.
(Imprinting Behavior) 3. (Trial And Error) 4. (Conditioning) 5.
(Reasoning)
- 11. - 9 - 12 . 7. (Coordinating Fiber) ---- (Nerve Net) ----
(Nerve Ring) - (Nerve Ganglion) - () () (Cerebral Ganglia) -
(Brain) (Spinal Cord) Myofibril
- 12. - 10 - 13 . 2 1. (Cell Body) 2. (Nerve Fiber) (Dendrite)
(Axon) 3 1. (Sensory Neuron Afferent Neuron) 2. (Motor Neuron
Efferent Neuron) 3. (Association Neuron Interneuron) (brain) 3 1.
(Forebrain Prosencepalon) 1.1 (Cerebrum) 1.2 (Olfactory Bulb) 1.3
(Thalamus) 1.4 (Hypothalamus) 2. (Midbrain Mesencephalon) 3. (Hind
Brain Rhombencephalon) 3.1 (Cerebellum) 3.2 (Pons) 3.3 (Medulla
Oblongata)
- 13. - 11 - 14 . (Sense Organ) 1. 3 1. (Sclera) 2. (Choroid) 3.
(Retina) (Rod Cell) (Cone Cell) 2. 1. (Outer Ear) o (Pinna) o
(External Auditary Canal) o (Tympanic Membrane) 2. (Middle Ear) -
(Malleus) (Incus) (Stapes) - (Eustachian Tube) 3. (Inner Ear) -
(Cochlea) (Semicircular Canal 3. 4. 5. 8. (Endocrine System)
(Hormone) (Target Organ) 2 (1) (Non-essential endocrine gland)
(Pituitary gland) (Adrenal gland) (Testis) (Ovary) (Pineal gland)
(Parathyroid glad) (2) (Essential endocrine gland) (Islets of
Langerhans) (Adrenal gland) (Thyroid gland)
- 14. - 12 - 15 . 1. (pineal gland ) (Melatonin) 2. (Pituitary
Gland Hypophysis) 1.1 (Growth Hormone : GH ) (Gonadotrophin) 1.
(FSH) 2. (Luteinizing Hormone : LH) (Prolactin)
(Aadrenocorticotropic hormone ; ACTH ) (Thyroid stimulting
hormone;TSH) 1.2 --- (MSH) 1.3 --- (Oxytocin) (Vasopressin) 3.
(Thyroid Gland) ----- (Thyroxin) (Calcitonin) 4. (Parathyroid
Gland) ---- (Parathyroid hormone ; PTH) 5. (Islets Of Langerhans)
(Insulin) (Glucagon) 6. (Adrenal Gland) 6.1 (Adrenal Cortex)
(Glucocorticoid Hormone) (Mineralocorticoid Hormone) (Sex Hormone)
6.2 (Adrenal Medulla) (Adrenalin Hormone) (Noradrenalin
Hormone)
- 15. - 13 - 17 . 10. (Reproduction) 1. (Asexual Reproduction )
2. (Sexual Reproduction) 2 1. (External Fertilization) 2. (Internal
Fertilization) (Testis) 1. (Scrotum) 2. (Seminiferous Tubules) 3.
(Epididymis) 4. (Interstitial Cell) 5. (Vas Defferens) 6. (Seminal
Vesicle) 7. (Prostate Gland) 8. (Cowpers Gland) 9. (Ejaculatory
Duct) 10. (Urethra) (Semen) (sperm)
- 16. - 14 - 18 . 1. (Ovary) 2. (oviduct fallopian tube) 3.
(Uterus) 4. (vagina) 5. (oogenesis) (Cleavage) (Blastula)
(Gastrula) Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm
- 17. - 15 - 1 . 3. 4. (Light Microscope ; LM) (Electron
Microscope) 1.--- (Reproduction (Metabolism) (Irritability)
(Movement) 3. (Mineral) - (Carbohydrate) - (Protein) - (Lipid) -
(Vitamin) - (Nucleic Acid) 1. INTRO TO BIO & CYTOLOGY 2.
(Biology) 2 (Process) - (Observation) - (Problem) - (Hypothesis) -
(Testing The Hypothesis) - (Analysis And Conclusion (Knowledge)
(Fact) (Data) (Theory) (Law) (Metabolism) (Catabolism) (Anabolism)
3 INTRO TO BIO & CYTOLOGY
- 18. - 16 - 2 . 4. (Cell) 4.1 (Prokaryote) (Eukaryote)
- 19. - 17 - 19 . 1. () 1. (gene) 23 50,000 50,000 2. (allele)
(allelic) (homologous chromosome) 3. (genotype) TT, tt, Tt 4.
(phenotype) TT, Tt 5. (homozygous) TT (homozygous dominant) tt
(homozygous recessive) 6. (heterozygous) Tt 7. (dominant) 8.
(recessive) 3. GENERAL GENETICSGENERAL GENETICS
- 20. - 18 - 20 . 1 (Law of Segregation) 2 (Law of independent
assortment) 1 (Incomplete dominance) 2 (Codominance) 3 (Multiple
alleles) 4 (Polygenes) 5. (Sex linked gene) 6. 7. (sex-influenced
gene) 8. (sex-limited gene) (Pedigree) 1. Monohybrid cross
Phenotype 3:1 2. Dihybrid cross Phenotype 9:3:3:1
- 21. - 19 - 21 . 2. DNA (DNA Replication) DNA
-----------------------> mRNA ----------------------------->
Transcription Translation DNA Replication Reverse
Transcription
- 22. - 20 - 22 . Transcription Transcription Translation RNA RNA
3 (messenger RNA ; mRNA) (transfer RNA ; tRNA) (ribosomal RNA ;
rRNA) RNA Translation
- 23. - 21 - 3 . 4.2 - - 2 1. 2. 1. 2 3 1.1 (Diffusion) 1.2
(Osmosis) 1.3 (Facilitated Diffusion) (Active Transport) 2. 2 1.
(Exocytosis) 2. (Endocytosis) 3 2.1 (Phagocytosis) 2.2
(Pinocytosis) 2.3 (Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis)
- 24. - 22 - 4 . 1.3 Mitosis Meiosis
- 25. - 23 - 23 . (Evolution) (Lamarck) (Charles Darwin) 1.
(Allele Frequency) 2. (Genotype Frequency) 4. EVOLUTION Hardy
Weinberg Theory (Binomial Equation) A a A p a q p + q = 1 (p + q)2
= 1 (p + q)n = 1 n (p + q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 p2 = AA 2pq = Aa q2 =
aa EVOLUTION
- 26. - 24 - 24 . 3 (genetic diversity) (species diversity)
(ecological diversity) 2 1. 2. 5 1. (Monera Kingdom) 2. (Protista
Kingdom) 3. (Fungi Kingdom) 4. (Plantae Kingdom) 5. (Animalia
Kingdom) (Taxonomy) 3 1. (Classification) 7 Kingdom Phylum Class
Order Family Genus Species 2. (Identification) 3. (Nomenclature) 6.
BIODIVERSITY & TAXONOMY 2 1. (Procaryotic Cells) 2. (Eucaryotic
Cells) BIODIVERSITY & TAXONOMY
- 27. - 25 - 25 .
- 28. - 26 - 26 . 6. 1 1. Root cap 2. Zone of cell division 3.
Zone of cell elongation 4. Zone of cell maturation - Epidermis -
Cortex - Stele 6. BOTANY & PLANT PHYSIOLOGY (plant tissue)
Apical Meristem intercalary Meristem Lateral Meristem Complex
Permanent tissueSimple Permanent tissue epidermis parenchyma
collenchyma endodermis cork xylem phloem Vessel member tracheid
xylemfiber xylem parenchyma Sievetube member Companion cell phloem
parenchyma phloemfiber sclereid fiber Plant tissues Meristematic
tissue Permanenttissue sclerenchyma BOTANY & PLANT
PHISIOLOGY
- 29. - 27 - 27 . 1. Epidermis 2. Mesophyll 3. vascular bundle
6.2 1. - Apoplast - Symplast Plasmodesmata 2. - Capillary Action -
Root Pressure -Transpiration Pull (Mass flow) (turgor pressure) ()
( ) phloem
- 30. - 28 - 28 . 6.3 (Photosynthesis) 1. ( light reaction ) 2 1.
(Non Cyclic Electron Transport) 2. (Cyclic Electron Transport) 2. (
CO2 fixation reaction )
- 31. - 29 - 29 . 6.4 1. Pollen Grain or Male Gametophyte 2.
Embryo Sac or Female Gametophyte 1. (Simple Fruit) 2. (Aggregate
Fruit) 3. (Multiple Fruit)
- 32. - 30 - 30 . 6.5 1. 1. Auxin 2. Gibberellin 3. Cytokinin 4.
Ethylene 5. Abscicic Acid 7.1 (Population) (Community) (Habitat)
(Biosphere) 7.2 1. (Producers) 2. (Consumers) (Herbivores)
(Carnivores) (Omnivores) 3. (Decomposers) 7.3 1. (Food Chain) 2.
(Food Web) nasty photonasty thermonasty phototropism geotropism
hydrotropism chemotropism tropism guardcell movement Contaet
movement sleep movement photonasty thermonasty thermonasty 7.
ECOLOGY 1. (Symbiosis) 1.1 (Commensalism) 1.2 (Mutualism) 1.3
(Protocooperation) 2. (Antagonism) 2.1 (Parasitism) 2.2 (Predation)
2.3 (Competition) 2.4 (Antibiosis) 3. (Neutralism) ECOLOGY
- 33. - 31 - NOTE
- 34. - 33 -