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Page 1: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

(a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Page 2: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

perihelion aphelion

Geometry of the earth’s orbit. (not to scale.)

Page 3: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Center of sun to

Center of earth

Relationship of declination angle δs to tilt of the earth’s

axis.

Page 4: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Position (solid lines) of the sun for Vancouver, Canada for various seasons. September 21 and March 23 nearly coincide. Isochrones are dashed. All times are pacific standard time

Page 5: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Flux F through an area A into one side of a volume.

Page 6: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

*EPlanck blackbody irradiance, ,from the sun.

Page 7: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

*EPlanck blackbody irradiance, ,from the earth.

Page 8: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Black-body irradiance E* reaching top of Earth’s atmosphere from the sun and irradiance of terrestrial radiation leaving the top of the atmosphere, plotted on log-log graph.

Page 9: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.
Page 10: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Reduction of radiation across a path due to absorption by particles, illustrating Beer’s law.

Page 11: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Typical diurnal variation of radiative fluxes at the surface. Fluxes are positive upward.

Page 12: (a) linear & b (log-log) Planetary orbital periods versus distance from sun.

Fate of sunlight en route to the earth’s surface.