. 152627 1999

. 6//. 11038,

.

, , . :1. 29 . 1558/85

( 137//1985) 27 . 2081/92 ( 154//1992) 1 . 2, . 2469/97 (38//1997), .. 381/89 , ( 168//16.6.89).

2. .. 27/1996 , ( 19//1.2.96).

3. 1 . 4 5 . 40/1975 ( 90//13.5.75), 1 . 10 . 2412/1996 ( 123//17.6.96).

4. 93/76/ 13 1993 (SAVE) ( , L237/28/22.9.93).

5. . 1338/83 ( 34/ 7.3.83), , .

6. . 2476/97 , .

7. . 21475/4707/1998 ( 880//19.8.98).

8. , . 17/03/99/.2.2.1/29.10.1996 , - ( 1006//1996).

9. .

10. , , :

, :

19454 ( )

, () , . .

(- ).

() 2.2, 2.3 3.2 ( ). , , , , , , .

. . , , ( 16/79, 96/79, 237/80). .

2.2, 2.3 3.2 , , .

( ) 19455

1.

, , :

A :

, . . , .

:

. - . - , .. , . . ,

. .

: c

'. . . , .

. , .

. .

19456 ( )

2.

( ) ( )

() , ,

() ,

() .

( , ) .

( 2.2, 3.2 2.3) (. 2601/98). , . :

. ( )

,

, . , 5 15%. .

, .

.

, - ' , , . .

, , 10 20%. . ,

( ) 19457

", .

.

. / , , . .

- . ( / ), 20 40% . , , .

19458 ( )

3.

. : () , , , , () , () , .

(primary energy)

.

(energy conversion) .

(secondary energy)

(energy form) , , , , , , , , , , , .

(final energy)

, - (.. , ), (.. , )

(energy use) :

1. ().

2. .

(end-use energy)

(.. , , ) .

() , - /, , , , , , , - /, / () , , , , , , .

, ..

(

)

3.1:

i :

k V I / J + J

( ) 19459

, , (convection) .

, (.. ).

. .. ()

,

, ()

24 C 18

20 C . ()

.

.

.

(energy efficiency) ( )

, (.. ) (.. ).

( ) ( ) .

(mass balance)

(, ) (mass conservation).

(energy balance)

(, , ) (energy conservation).

(energy saving)

, .

(energy planning)

() ( - ) , () () , .

(energy management)

, .

(energy audit)

, .

19460 ( )

(short energy audit)

, - .

(extended energy audit)

, , - - . - .

.

.

( )

( ) ( )

,

( ) 19461

4.

4.1 :

: () - () - . : .

( , ) , , . , , , - . .. , , (, , ) .

". , , . , .

, . . . .

. , " .

4.2

. 5 10

. - .

, , :

() . , , .

19462 ( )

' (, ) , . .

() . I , , , , ..

9 .

() . ( , , , , ).

, . , . .

- -

- - -

-

-

- -

- -

( KWh ) . 7

() . () , . 2.. . .

4.3

. , - , .

, , , . . .. , .

( ) - , ,

( ) 19463

.

, , . ' , . . ( ) ( 7.5).

(.. ). (Baseline consumption) ( 7.4).

, . , .

/ . () () -

.

, .

:

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. ( , ).

, .

19464 ( )

5.

5.1

. ' .

:

() , - ,

() - .

() ,

()

() ,

() ,

() .

, ,

. , - .

, :

,

,

.

5.2 ,

, . , , .

. , .

.

5.3

, , , .

( ) 19465

- . , , , .

.

5.4

. , , - .

. : . , , : .

, ( ).

, , .

. -

, ^.

5.5 ^ )

,'- , , . :

() , , , .

() . - .

() , .

() , . ( 5.6).

5.6

, .

:

() , .

() , ,

19466 ( )

() . 4.

() .

() . , .

()

.

() , .

()

() .

()

( ) 19467

6.

6.1

. . , .

: . - , .

:

, , , .

6.2

, .

() .

. ' , 36 .

() . . .

() . (.. ) , (.. ).

.

() . . , . .

.

() . , . ' , - .

19468 ( )

.

() c noounBeiac . , , - . , , .

, . , .

() . , , , . . .

, .

6.3

() (.. kg, It, m3 , kWh, ).

() , GJ, 11 . . , .

() unviaia , (, , , ). (.. ) - (.. , , ). .

.

1526 ( ) 19469

7.

7.1 7.2 :

7.1.1 , ( 5.1). - , . :

, (7.1).

(.. , , , ), ( 7.2 7.3),

.

.

, . :

7.1:

.

7.3 :

() ( 7.1),

() ,

() .

() .

19470 ( )

7.1 :

. /

. / ,.

, . ,. (

, , ), .

..

(, ),

. (.. ).______

7.1.2 , (baseline consumption) . , . . , ( 7.4).

. , , . . - .

(.. ) . . ON/OFF . (.. )

, .

, ( ). . , 5%, .

. - 5%. 10%, 7.2.4.

( ), , . :

() , . (.. ) .

() , , .

( ) 19471

7.1.3

, . . , .

.

7.1.4 , . , .

, . . Tojv , .

7.1.5

.

,

. - , , . :

= - ,

: ( ) .

4 : ( ) - , .

4 :

7.4.

, . , .

, .

19472 ( )

, .

, , .

, , . , , . : : " ( ) 2'. to 2

7.2

7.2.1 ( ) , , .

, . , . , ..

, ' :

() ,

() ,

() .

7.2.2

, . . - , .

. , .

7.2.3 , . . , . .

, , . , . , ,

( ) 19473

, .

, (, ). - , , .

, ( 7.5).

7.2.4 :

() ( , , , ),

() ,

() .

(), . .

, , . 10%, 20%, 30% 50% 9,1%, 16,6%,23,1 % 33,3% , . -10%, -20%, -30%, -40% - 50% 11,1%, 25%, 42,8%, 66,7% 100% .

. . . 50% (, -33,3%), 16 .

. , , . , 15% -17,5%, +13%.

, ( ) ( ).

, . .

:

, - .

19474 ( )

, , :

< () =

:

=< ()%=

, :

- 1 =

' ,=1

7.3

7.3.1 , ( 7.5).

7.5 :

( )

c ( , , , ). , . , :

f

7.3.2 -

( ) . ( 7.6) :

,

( 24-) " , ,

24-.

-

, ,

( ).

,

.

, ^.

( ) 19475

24- , ( ) ( ).

7.6 :

7.7 : /

-

j

mtLiiekismctsmsu"

0.00 6:0 12:00 18:00 24:00

, . .

7.3.3 /

, . . .. , , , ( 7.7).

'

* +

j + )....................

| t t m lI A M i l

Mnvac

, - :

( )+ ( ) +....+ () = . (7.1)

:

,, :

.

(KJ/)

( ),

() , , ( KJ). ,

: ( KJ).

, ( 7.8).

19476 ( )

7.8 : /

; :

i - W _

urtvac

. , .

, ( m2) () , :

= 24 ( - ) ( C) (7.2)=1

( 18 C)

( )

Na , , . , - .

, :

= / ( . ) (7.3)

.

, . . - V.

8 . .

( ) . - . ' , -

.

7.3.4 /

, .

, - :

1: . . .

2: .

( ) 19477' , . / / ( 7.9).

7.9 : I

.

:

I .I

I

3: . , ( , , ). (.. ) / , - .

, .

7.3.5 ()

' , , . -

( ).

. , . , - .

7.4

7.4.1 (/ ) . . . :

() ,

() ,

() .

. : .

.. () () :

= , (7.4)

19478 ( )

0 (.. ) , (. ) (.. )

, :

,

, - :

= (7.5)

. , (,)

, , . , , .

, .

7.4.2 , . , () .

:

0 = ' , + (7.7)

( ') , , ( 7.7).

( ). , , ,

7.10 :

0 - , +

( ). ( ) .

-, .

, . , . ( ) .

(7.6)

( ) 19479

- , . :

=,

+ -,

= = 1/ (+ ) 0 -,

(7.8)

(79)

- ( 7.10), . 7.11 7.12.

7.11 :

: = 0/,

.

7.12 :

: = ,/

1/

,

'

. , .

, (.. ).

( R2 0,85), , . . () - .

, . . . , ( 7,2.4), .

. , - .

7.4.3

& jg tAva

19480 ( )

, . R2 0,85 . 15%.

:

,

,

,

, , :

(.. )

, , , , .

, , , , ( 7.13).

( , )

( ) .

(.. ) ( ), (.. ) .

.

- .

, (.. )

- , 3 4 . : 7 12 .

: . ' , - , .

( ) 19481

7.13 :

() ()

() - ()

() () '

,+,

19482 ( )

, :

() . (.. ) , .

(. , , ). ( - ).

, ( / ).

() (7.1), .

() , ,

() ( ).

() , (.. , - ). , , .

7.4.4 vuvc ^ n r ^ c vaac ()

, (, , , , , .). :

(, , )

( ) .

( ) , .

:

, ,

, ( ).

, ' , , . - (.. ). / . .

( ) 19483

, .

() . ,

() (.. , , ) (.. ). .

() ( )

, . , .

7.2.4. , 20% :

= < 20%

7.2.4 :

.

7.5

(. , , , ) . 7.2 7.3.

, , .

1 :

' , . .

.

2 :

7.3. .

3 :

, ( ) - .

, , (.. ). .

19484 ( )

, .

( ) , . .. - ( ), .

- :

. = (7.10)

k=t

k

* . 7.10 - ( ) :

7.14 :

E 0k

, 2 3 4

.

Qk (.. ) , .

4_: ( (

* , (.. , ).

. , k

( 7.8, 7.9 7.10 :

. | k , k = ek , k (7.11)

k = l k = l

= (7-12)k = l k = l

n 1k (.. 75% 50% )

, E1k - .

7.11 7.12, , - ( 7.10).

5:

, //,

1526 ( ) 19485

(.. ). :

()

() ( ), ( )

.., , , (, , ) :

1. /. ,

. (/).

2. ( // ) .

3. / 1 2 .

. ( 3 6 ) /- /.

19486 ( )

8.

8.1

, , . .

, , , . (, ) -

() [ ': , . , , , .

, (.. )

() , - ::v). , - ! >.,

' .

() ^ ', - ,

, , , .

() , - . , .

() , . (.. - , , , , , .). .

:

I. / . , .

II. , .

/

( ) 19487

.

, / .

8.2

. .

.. , 0 2 C02 , CO . 3 .

. ' , .

, . , .

, ' . (.. , )

.

, , () ' (CEN, ISO). , .

, - , / (.. , ).

, , - .

8.3

, . .

, . .

, , . =-as . .

19488 ( )

. * , . , .

. . .

:

.

(, , )

, ( )

(C02, CO, Oj, )

' .

8.4

, (&).

& , - , .

& .

. , & .

. :

(.. ), , .

(. ), .

, (.. ), .

& 20%

( ) 19489

. 5 10%.

8.5

- &. , / .

8.5.1 :

: " .

: .

: / .

:

: .

. .

. , .

( kVA) ( kW) ().

.

, . RMS (Root-Mean- Square ). .

8.5.2 . :

() (RTD - Resistance Thermometer Detectors). . - . &.

() . . , 1000 . .

() (Thermistors). . , . , &

() . - . . . .

19490 ( )

(.. ) .

8.5.3 , ( ). , / . . . , - ..

, , . :

() ( - , Venturi - vg Pitot).

() ( , , ).

() ( , ).

() ( Corioiis -)-

Pitot . Pilot . , 1 2%. - .

(vortex meters).

/ (Hot wire anemometry).

. .

8.5. 4 . . , 60 .

8.5.5 , . , , , .

, . , . .

. .

8.5.6 . .

( ) 19491

. , .

8.5.7 :

() , ,

() (TDS - Total Disolved Solids) , (Blowdown water),

() ( ) , (. )

() , / .

8.6

, (), & .

. .

;; :

8.6.1 - ( ) (irradiance) :

() . ( 4 - ) . . .

() . . .

. mV, . 2% . 5%.

, - (sunshine recorder), rrou '.

(clearness recorder). .

.

19492 ( )

.

(.. ) , .

8.6.2 (.. ).

(.. ). ( ), (.. ), ..

. :

() . - - .

() (). . .

() . .

() . ( - ).

.

- , .

, - , .

, . - (wake) .

8.6.3 UL- , ( 8.5) .

} . .

. .

{ ) 19493

9. ,

9.1

9.1.1 me

:

,

- , .

, , .

9.1.2 9.1.2.1

() -

- -

1. ( , , ).

2. .

3. ( ).

4. .

5. (, , , , ).

6. (, ).

7. , . , .

8. , .

9. - .

10. .

11.

()

1. .

2. ( ).

3. .

4. .

5.

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. ..

5.

6. .

7. .

8. .

9.

19494 ( )

9.1.2.2 () -

- -

1. .

2. : , .

3. (, , ).

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. , .

9. .

10. .

11. , .

12. , .

13.

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. , .

5. .

6. .

7.

8.

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. . .

5. .

6. .

7. , .

8. .

9. .

10.

9.1.2.3

() - - -

1. .

2. .

3. (, )

4.

5. .

6. .

7.

()

1.

2. ,

( ) 19495

()

1. .

2. - .

3. .

4. .

5. .

9.1.3 9.1.3.1

() - - -

1. .

2. .

3. ( ).

4. .

5. (, , , )

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. (, )

10. , , (LumA)

11. (, ).

12. .

13. . , .

14. .

15. .

16. .

17. .

()

1. .

2.

3.

4. ( ).

5. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. . .

9. .

10. .

11. , Free cooling.

12. .

13.

14.

19496 ( )

9.1.3.2 () -

- -

1.

2. " " .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. (, ).

9. : , .

10. .

11. ,

12. .

13. .

14. , .

15. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. . .

4. , .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9.

9.2

9.2.1

:

- , .

:

,

( ) 19497

9.2.2 BiounxaviKoc 9.2.2.1

() -

- -

1. ( , , ).

2. , 3 .

3. ( ) , : .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. (, , , , ). .

9. .

10. .

11. , .

12. , .

13.

14. (, , ). , .

15. (, ). .

16. , . .

17. , . , .

18. , .

19. Lum/Watt. . . , .

20.

21. .

22.

()

1. , .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. , .

8.

9.

()

1. (, 1,2 )

19498 ( )

2. . . . .

3. .

4.

5. .

6. . .

7. .

8. .

9. , .

10. - .

11. .

12. ..

13.

14. -

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

9.2.2.2 () -

- -

1. .

2. . ( , ).

3. . .

4. ( ).

5. (, ).

6. : , .

7. . , .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. (, ).

12. , .

13. .

14. , .

15. . / .

16. . , .

17. .

( ) 19499

18. , . , .

19. , .

20.

()

1. ( , , ).

2. (, ).

3. (, ).

4. .

5. .

6. , .

7. .

8. .

9. , .

10. .

11.

12. .

()

1. . .

2. , economizers.

3. .

4. . .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. , , .

9. .

10. .

11. .

9.2.2.3 () -

- -

1. .

2. .

3. (, )

4. /

5. .

6. .

7. .

()

1.

2. .

3. .

() .

1.

19500 ( )

2.

3.

4. .

5.

9.2.3 - 9.2.3.1

() -

- -

1. ( , , ).

2. , 3 .

3. ( ) , . .

4. . .

5. (, , , )

6. .

7. , .

8. , .

9. .

10. .

11. (, )

12. , , (Lum/W). , .

13. (, ). ,

14. .

15. . , .

16. .

17. .

18. , .

19. .

20. .

21. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4.

5.

6. ( ).

7. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

1526 ( ) 19501

5. . . .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. . .

10.

11. / - .

12.

13. Free cooling

14. ..

15. - .

16. .

17. .

18. .

19. .

20. .

21. .

9.2.3 2 () -

- -

1.

2. " " (- - - ).

3. . , ,

4. .

5. . . .

6. .

7. (, ).

8. : , .

9. (, ).

10. .

11. , .

12. (, , ).

13. . *

14.

15. , .

16. .

()

1. .

2. .

3. .

19502 ( )

4. .

5. .

6. .

()

1. . .

2. .

3. . .

4. .

5. , , .

6. .

7.

8. .

9. .

10.

( ) 19503

10.

10.1

(), , , . , 9.

, .

().

10.2

, , , , . , .

, , , , , . .

:

10.2.1 :

() ( ).

() ( kWh).

() .

() , . .

. .

() - .

() .

() - , .

10.2.2 . :

19504 ( )

() . .

() .

() . .

() , .

() . .

10.2.3 .

() .

() . . , ( ) . , ' .

() . . ( ).

, , .

.

10.3

10.3.1

.

. 15%. 7.

. .

, . .

10.3.2

, .

7. . ,

( ) 19505

.

. .

- :

() .

()

()

()

()

() () - . .

10.4

:

1.

2.

,

. .

3.

,

, .

4.

, -

( , , , , , /, )

5

, () ()

6. .

-

-

,

19506 ( )

10.5

, .

:

,

,

.

.

, - . , .

:

() , ,

() ,

() ,

() .

, , .

( ) 19507

11.

. ISO 9000 QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS

. ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - SPECIFICATION WITH GUIDANCE FOR USE.

ISO 14004 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS - GENERAL GUIDELINES ON PRINCIPLES, SYSTEMS AND SUPPORTING TECHNIQUES

ISO 14010 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - GENERAL PRINCIPLES

ISO 14011 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - AUDIT PROCEDURES -AUDITING OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

. ISO 14012 GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - QUALIFICATION CRITERIA FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITORS

. ISO 6946 BUILDING COMPONENTS AND BUILIDING ELEMENTS - THERMAL RESISTANCE AND THERMAL TRANSMITTANCE

ISO 9164 THERMAL INSULATION - CALCULATION OF SPACE HEATING REQUIREMENTS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

ISO 14040 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT - GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES

525.1 -

. 896

. 1364 - -

. ( 1992)

16/8.2.79

96/6.7.79

237/23.12.80

93/76/ 13 1993. C02.

. REGULATION EEC 1836/93 29 JUNE 1993 ALLOWING VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION BY COMPANIES IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN COMMUNITY ECO - MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT SCHEME

2244/94 ... .

19508 ( )

2601/98 ".

. 21475/98 .

INDUSTRIAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT, EUROPEAN COMMISSION - CHINA Cooperation in Energy Management Training , October 1990, Authors : D. Winje, B. G. Tunnah, M. Ehrlich

ASHRAE, 1989 FUNDAMENTALS

NORTH AMERICAN ENERGY M&V PROTOCOL, Version 1, March 1996

SOURCE BOOK FOR ENERGY AUDITORS. Vol. 1 & 2, M.D. Lyberg, IEA 1987

IDENTIFICATION AND SELECTION FOR ENERGY AUDIT, University of Florida Industrial Assessment Center (identification and selection for Energy Audit, Industrial Assessment Steps)

FINLANDS INDUSTRIAL ENERGY AUDIT PROGRAM 1992 MOTIVA

UNITED STATES CODE / ENERGY CONSERVATION Program for buildings owned by units of local government and public care institutions

ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATION CODE SYSTEM FOR THE DOE INDUSTRIAL ASSESSMENT DATABASE, The state University of New Jersey Rutgers, 1994

THE DOE INDUSTRIAL ASSESSMENT DATABASE, The state University of New Jersey Rutgers, 1994

ENERGY AUDITS. Energy Efficiency Office, UK 1988

BEKNOPT RAPPORT / DECLARATIEFORMULIER Voorlichting Energiebesparing SVEN, Netherlands 1990

ENERGY MANAGEMENT, NOVEM 1992

, 1996

, 1996

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF ENERGY AUDITS ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY & THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION CEC, DG XVII , 1991

, 1994- 1999, 2

, 1996

. ()

2001

.

( ) 19509

.

.

1:

/ 2:

:

:

Fax:

:

:.................................................................................................... .

:.......................................................................................................

: ....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

:....................................................................

/ .................................

/ .................................

1

2

. 1 ( 1)

19' 6 MAP ;

(2 ) 3

GJ* .....

............. - ............... ...................

( ) -----------GJ

DIESEL( )

X:

|3 ....- ........... ..

. ( ) ..... .......GJ

( ) ---------- --------------GJ

. ....__GJ.........

-------------------- .................. ------------------

: '( )

- ................

---------- .........

----------- -----------____GJ

( )GJ

GJ

19510_________________

(

)

1

2 (kg, lit,Nm3, kWh, .)

3 (, ) . (.. ) . (.. ) , 30 . 1 - .

4 GJ .

(25% . 75% ) 1 = 1,095 = 45,84 GJ

1 = 1,105 = 46,26 GJ

(super, ) 1 = 1,040 = 43,53 GJ

1 = 1,025 = 42,91 GJ

3500 1 = 0,980 = 41,03 GJ

1500 1 = 0,985 = 41,24 GJ

1 = 0,650 = 27,2 GJ

(, .) 1 = 0,136 = 5,71 GJ

( 1 = 0,200 = 8,37 GJ

1 = 0,350 = 14,65 GJ

1 = 0,400 = 16,74 GJ

1 = 0,700 = 29,3 GJ

1000 Nm3 = 0,870 = 36,42 GJ

1 MWh = 0,086 = 3,6 GJ

5.

(

)

19511

19512 ( )

.

[kW]:

[kW]

I.

, .

' 2

.

[kW]3

.

th/year]4

[kWh]5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

2: I

( ) 19513

( , , ,

) 1.

()

1.

;.............................

(, , , )

24 ( )6.

[GJ/]:..................

cosip7: .......................

1 2 1 2 . '

[ton, m3/h]

[bar]

[C]

[GJ]

3:

19514 ( )

II.

:

:............................kW

:............................kW

: ............................................... kW

/ : .......................................................................

: .......................................................................

[m3]

[m3]

[m3]

[m?]

[m2]

[m2J

4:

( ) 19515

III.

/ , (..

), . ,

, , .

.

[kW]

,

[h/year]

[GJ]

5:

IV. 9

A [kg, m, units, .] : .............

[kg, m, units, .]: .............

19516 ( )

-

, , :

( 1 ) 1 & 2.

MWh2500 ,-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 93 94 95

1. 1993 -1995

1 2 3 4 5 6 793

10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 11 1294 95

|C3MAZ0YT

2. 1993 -1995

1526 ( ) 19517

, 1 GJ ( 3).

250

200

150

100

50

3.

2 .

, 4 ( ). , . .

15,1% 76.9% 8%

8,1% 36% . 6,8%

3% 22,5% 1,2%

4% 18,4%

.

19518 ( )

=

4. .

10 (GJ/kg, GJ/m, GJ/m2 , GJ/m3 .).

1 - 2 ,

2 ( .. : , . : , , , .)

3 , / .

4 .

5 utvtSoc .

6 (), , . .

7 .

8 *9 ( ).

.

10 ( ) . :

.

.

.

( ) 19519

.

000

001 .

, :

002

003

004

005

/

006

007

008

009

010 & : - , , - , .

011

012 /

013

014

015

016

017

018

019

.

020

021

022

023

024

025

026

19520 ( )

027

028

()

030-036 020- 026

037

038

()

040-046 020- 026

047

048

()

050-056 020- 026

057

058

()

060-066 020- 026

067

068

^

070-076 020- 026

077

078

079

080-086 020 - 026

087

088

080-086 020- 026

089

( ) 19521

.

100 101

102 :

103 104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

:

112

113 /

:

114

115

116

117

118

119 .

120 .

120

121 /

122

123

124

125

126

127

19522 ( )

130

131 , , 132 /

133

134

135

136 .

137

140

141

142

143

144

145

150

151

152

153

154

155

( ) 19523

.. ; ; J ; ; -

c 5/9 (F - 32) 1

F 1 9/5 C +32

b a r a tm p s i J S l,kP ap*K

bat ^ * 1 0,9869 14,5 100

a tm ; / i i

1,013 1 14,7 101,3

r, ,> f . 0,06895 0,06805 1 6,895

kPa 4, 0,01 0,009869 0,145 1

k J ' BTU kcal v . kWHi rmm/'. - j T inkJ t 1 0,9478 0,2388 0,000278 2 ,3 8 ' 108

BTU 1,0551 1 0,252 0,000293 2 ,5 2 108

kcal ' 4 ,187 3,9683 1 0,001163 V 107

kWh& i i V rM - 3600 3411 859,84 1 0,000086; ! 1 *c '

4 ,187 107 3,9683 107 1 107 11630 1

R.T, 4( ) ,

12.000

kW BTU/h kca l/h i HP

kW 1 3,412 860 1,341

BTU/h 0,000293 1 0,252 0,000393

kca l/h 0,001163 3,9683 1 0,00156

HP 0,7457 2,544 641,19 1

19524 ( )

10400 kcal/kg

10250 kcal/kg

3500 9800 kcal/kg

1500 9850 kcal/kg

6500 kcal/kg

(, ) 1365 kcal/kg

( .) 2000 kcal/kg

3500 kcal/kg

4000 kcal/kg

7000 kcal/kg

(LPG) 10950 kcal/kg

11050 kcal/kg

. () 8700 kcal/Nm 3*

. () 9000 kcal/Nm 3

8200 kcal/Nm 3

LPG (25% , 75% ) 0,57 kg/lit

0,74 kg/lit

D IESEL 0,84 kg/lit

3500 0,92 kg/lit

. () 0,685 kg/Nm3

. () 0,78 kg/Nm3

1,293 kg/m3 ( ).

1 Nm 3 = 1 m 3 (= 15 C, = 1 atm = 1013 mbar)

( ) 19525

.

1.

2.

3. /fax

4. -

()

()

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

19526 ( )

10.

11.

.

12.

13. ,

(, , , .)

14. ()

________________ ( ) 19527

15. ; | [

()

19528 ( )

.

16.

. .

17.

( ) 19529

18.

..................................

/

19. ;

20. .

19530 ( )

21.

22. (.. ); |____| |____[

()

( ) 19531

. /

23. , .

..............................

**

LPG

*

*

()

()

*

'*

19532 ( )

24. ( )

.

25. ;

26. ;

()

27. ;

28.

kW

kWh

29.

/

1526 ( ) 19533

30. ;

( )

. Euim apgym vtic

31. ;

32.

33.

34.

| | | I

35. ;

19534________________ ( )_________________

.

36.

37. kW

38. ,

kWh % .....

100.0

39. . ,

( ) 19535

1

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

2

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

40. ;

41.

%

()

100.0

19536 ( )

. Acflnttc / Kauaniocc

42.

43.

44.

/

, ,

{' )

( ) 19537

45. . ,

1

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100 0% 100.0%

1

2

3

LPG 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

19538 ( )

2

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

LPG 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

1

2

3

46.

_______________ ( ) 19539

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

TDS * (ppm)

*

19540 ( )

52.

53.

. cvcovciac

54. /

/

(, )

t

55. ,

56.

____________________ ( ) 19541

57.

58. ,

59.

L...1

60. ( : , , )

19542________________ ( )___________________

61. ( : , ,

)

62. (, , , )

63. ( / )

64.

___________________ ( )

65. ;

66. ;

67. ;

;

68.

;

-

I I, [ _ ]

19544 ( )

69. ;

| ;

70. ;

71.

72. ; | |

73. ;

74. I ;

_________________ ( ) 19545

75. ;

76. ;

| | [ ^ ]

77. / ;

78. ;

79.

19546________________ ( )

80.

;

81.

82. (.. , )

83

84. ;

________________ ( ) 19547

85. ;

86. ;

87. ;

88.

19548 ( )

0.

89.

90. ;

91. ;

92. I ;

93. ;

1526______________ ( ) 19549

94.

95. ;

96. ( )

19550 ( )

___ ())

97.

- (, , )

- , ,

-

- (, , ,

, )

98. (, , )

99. ( , /,

, , )

100. (, , )

101. (, , )

102

103. (, , )

104.

( ) 19551

- .

.

, 8 1999

. , .

19552 ( )

_______________ _______________ 34 * 104 32 * TELEX 223211 YPET GR * FAX 52 34 312

: http: www.et.gr e-mail: nvas @ et.gr

51 ... .. - ... 5225 761

5230 841 . 227 - .. 54100 (031) 423 956 ... 5225 713

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