γλώσσες
Σελίδες
Νομικός
: :
() () ()
:
:
:
:
:
2013 :
ISBN: 978-9963-0-4685-0
50%, . .
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5
......................................................................................................................... 11
ENOTHTA 2 / ...... 13
2.1 ........................ 15
1. .................................................................................................................. 15
2. , .................................................... 15
3. .................................................................................. 16
4. ........................................................................................................ 16
5. / ................ 17
6. ......................................................................... 18
7. ( ) ................................................... 21
8. ............................................................................................................. 23
................................................................................................................ 24
2.2 To ..................................... 27
1. .................................................................................................................. 27
2. ........................................................................................... 27
3. ............................................. 28
4. ................................................................................................................ 29
5. .......................................................................................... 29
................................................................................................................ 30
2.3 ................................................................................................... 31
1. .................................................................... 31
2. .............................................................. 34
3. ............................................................... 38
................................................................................................................ 42
2.4 ...... 45
1. .................................................................................................................. 45
2. ............................................................... 45
3. ...................................... 46
4. .......................................................................................................... 47
5. ................................... 47
................................................................................................................ 54
ENOTHTA 6 ........................................................................ 55
6.1 ...................................................... 57
1. (Database) ...................................................................................... 57
6
2. () .................................................. 57
3. ....................................... 58
4. ........................................... 59
5. .......................................................... 59
................................................................................................................ 60
6.2 .............................................................................. 61
1. ............................................ 61
2. (Relationships) ............................................................ 62
3. (Objects) ............................................................ 64
4. ................................................................................... 64
5. () ........................................................... 65
................................................................................................................ 66
6.3 . , ........................................................................................ 67
1. (Microsoft Access) ........................................................ 67
2. .............................................................. 67
3. (Blank database) ........................................... 67
4. (Save) ......................................................................... 68
5. (Table) .......................................................................................................... 69
6. (Table Design) ...................... 69
7. (Table) ................... 70
8. ......................................................................................... 71
9. (Data Type) .................................................................................... 71
10. (Field Properties) ............................................................................. 72
11. (Views) ...................................................................................... 73
12. (Open)............................................................................... 75
13. (Close Database) ............................................................... 75
14. (Exit) ............................................................ 75
......................................................................................................................... 76
6.4 .................................... 77
1. ................................................................................................. 77
2. (Delete Table) ................................................................................. 79
3. (Primary Key) ................................................................................... 80
4. .......................................................................... 81
......................................................................................................................... 82
6.5 , .............. 85
1. , , ....................................................................................................................... 85
......................................................................................................................... 87
7
6.6 ....................................... 89
1. (Form) ......................................................................... 89
2. (Form) .................................... 89
3. (Form Wizard) .......................... 90
4. , ................................................................................................ 90
5. (Delete Record) ..................................................... 90
6. (Views) ...................................................................................... 91
........................................................................................................................ 93
6.7 ...... 95
1. ............................................................................................... 95
....................................................................................................................... 100
6.8 ................................... 101
1. (Find)........................................ 101
2. (Filter) ............................................ 102
3. (Clear Filter) ................................................................................ 102
4. (Selection Filter)......................................................................... 103
....................................................................................................................... 107
6.9 ..................................... 109
1. (Queries) ................................................................................................ 109
2. (Query Wizard) .......... 110
3. (Query Design) ............. 110
4. ......................................................................................... 111
5. (Delete Query) ....................................................................... 112
6. ............................................ 112
7. (Criteria) ................................................................................. 113
....................................................................................................................... 115
6.10 , ........................ 117
1. (Reports) .................................................................................................... 117
2. (Report) ............................... 117
3. (Report Wizard) .................... 118
4. (Views).................................................................................... 118
5. .............................................................................................. 120
6. (Delete Report) ............................................................................ 120
7. (Print Report) ............................................................................. 121
....................................................................................................................... 122
6.11 ................................................................... 125
1. (Sort) ................................................................................... 125
2. (Sort) , , ........................................ 125
3. , , (Remove Sort) ......... 126
8
....................................................................................................................... 127
6.12 .............................................................................. 129
1. ................................................................................................................. 129
2. ........................ 130
3. ............................. 130
4. (Relationships) ........................................................................ 131
.............................................................................................................. 134
6.13 ................ 135
1. ................................................................................................................. 135
2. -- (One-To-Many, 1-) ........... 135
3. (Delete Relationship) ....................................... 137
4. ....................................... 137
....................................................................................................................... 138
6.14 ........... 139
1. (Queries in Related Tables) .................. 139
2. (Query Wizard) .......... 139
3. (Query Design) ............. 140
....................................................................................................................... 141
ENOTHTA 7 , ................................................143
7.1 .......................................................... 145
1. / ............................................................................... 145
2. ................................................................................................... 148
3. .......................................................................... 149
4. ....................................................... 151
5. ............................................................................................ 151
.............................................................................................................. 153
7.2 ......................... 155
1. ................................................................................................. 155
2. , , (), ................................................... 157
3. .......................................................................................... 157
4. ................................. 158
.............................................................................................................. 160
7.3 .................................................. 161
1. ................................................................................................... 161
2. .......................................................................................... 161
3. ............................................................................................ 162
4. (1) ................................................................... 162
5. (1) ............................................ 163
9
6. 1 .................................................... 165
7. ................................................... 166
............................................................................................................... 168
7.4 ................................................... 169
1. .......................................................................... 169
2. ....................................................................................................... 177
3. ...................................... 183
4. ................................................................................ 185
............................................................................................................... 190
7.5 ............................................................. 191
1. ................................................................................................................. 191
2. ...................................................................................................... 191
3. ....................................................................................... 192
4. ................................................................................. 194
............................................................................................................... 195
7.6 Pascal................................................ 197
1. ................................................................................................................. 197
2. Pame ........................................................................................... 197
3. ........................................................................................... 197
4. Pame ...................................................................... 198
5. ...................................................................................................... 198
6. (Debugging) ................................................................................... 201
7. ( Compile) .......................................................................................... 201
8. ( Run) ....................................................................................................... 201
9. (Save, Save as) ..................................................................................... 202
10. (open) ............................................................................................ 202
11. ifthenelse ............................................................................................. 203
12. ...................................................... 203
............................................................................................................... 207
....................................................................................................................... 208
11
2009
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13
ENOTHTA 2 /
/ /
:
()
()
15
2.1
:
( / / / , ).
, / .
1.
(
, ),
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
/ ,
, ,
.
. ,
, ,
, (.. )
. /
(hardware), ,
(software).
2. ,
,
, .
.
/
.
, .
,
, 0 ( ) ,
1 ( ), ,
(binary digit, bit). ,
1
.2.1 .2 /
16
bit ,
, byte 8 bit , .. 10010101. byte
256 . ,
0 255 (
byte, 4).
()
,
bit. bit,
,
.
()
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
Byte:
() KB 1 KiloByte = = 1024 Byte 1.000 Byte
() MB 1 MegaByte = = 1024 KB 1000 KB= 1.000.000 Byte
() GB 1 GigaByte = = 1024 MB 1000 MB = 1.000.000.000 Byte
() TB 1 TeraByte = = 1024 GB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000 Byte
() PB 1 PetaByte = = 1024 TB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000.000 Byte
3.
(Motherboard) ,
/.
,
.
(ports)
.
.
.
(Read Only Memory, ROM) .
(Power Supply),
()
/.
, ,
.
4.
(Ports)
.2 / .2.1
17
.
:
/
USB
(Universal Serial
Bus)
(, , ,
,
, , , ..).
VGA
.
LAN/Ethernet
.
HDMI
High Definition.
, .
o (Audio Out) o
(line in) o (Mic)
, PS2 ( ),
(Serial port), (Parallel LPT port)
(Game port). USB,
.
5. /
, (Central
Processing Unit, CPU)
.
(microprocessor).
,
,
, ,
( 2):
(Arithmetic and Logic Unit, ALU),
.
2
.2.1 .2 /
18
(Control Unit),
, .
.
,
.
(Registers), ,
, ..
.
(Clock),.
. MHz ( )
GHz ( ).
. ,
.
, (.. x86, ARM, MIPS)
(. 2.2 GHz)
, W (.. 28 W).
6.
.
, , , , , ..
,
. , , , ,
, ..
. ,
( ),
, ,
.
:
(.. USB, PS2, VGA, HDMI).
.
bit , bits per second (bps) ,
kbps, Mbps, ..
1kbps 1000 bit ,
Byte, 1 kB 1024 Byte!
.
.2 / .2.1
19
(dots per inch, dpi), (.. 600 dpi).
()
(.. 12801024).
(.. 14 Megapixels).
(pages per minute, ppm)
.
,
(characters per second, cps)
(.. 70 cps).
.
(.. 4).
(.. 22).
,
(.. 16:9).
() .
bit 8 16 bit .
bit ( 24 48 bit).
/, .. 16777216).
/ (frame rate)
,
/ Hz frames per
second, fps (75 Hz, 16 fps).
/ .
(milliseconds, ms), 5 ms.
( )
ANSI Lumens (.. 1400).
.
(.. 0.05).
,
.
(Keyboard)
(USB, PS2)
(.. 10)
(Mouse)
(USB, PS2)
(.. 5)
(Camera)
(.. USB)
(. 5 Megapixels)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 16 fps)
(.. 60)
.2.1 .2 /
20
(Microphone) (.. 20)
(Scanner)
(flatbed scanner),
(document scanners)
(feeder).
(.. USB)
(.. 1200 dpi)
(.. 8 ppm)
(.. 4)
(.. 24 bit)
(.. 80)
(Monitor)
(VGA, DVI, HDMI)
(.. 12801024)
(.. 22)
(.. 16:9)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 160 Hz)
(.. 3 ms)
(.. 1400 ANSI Lumens)
(.. 120)
-
(Video
Projector)
(VGA, DVI, HDMI)
(.. 12801024)
(.. 16:9)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 160 Hz)
(.. 5 ms)
(.. 2800 ANSI Lumens)
(.. 300)
(Printer)
(dot matrix
) (ink jet
)
(laser
,
toner )
(.. USB)
(.. 600 dpi)
(.. 24 ppm 70 cps)
(.. 4)
(.. 24 bit)
(.. 200)
(.. 0.05/)
.2 / .2.1
21
(Plotter)
(.. USB)
(.. 1)
(.. 500)
(Speakers)
(.. 30)
(Headphones) (.. 15)
.
, ,
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,
, (..
).
7. ( )
,
,
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.
, ()
. ()
,
.
.
(Random Access Memory, RAM)
(Read Only Memory, RM),
.
RAM ROM
.
.
RAM ( ),
, ,
. Double
Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM DDR)
(.. DDR3). MB GB
(ns).
, MB/s (Megabyte
), .. 6400 MB/s.
10 50.
.2.1 .2 /
22
ROM .
/ (Basic Input/Output System, BIOS),
.
ROM ,
.
,
, .
, .
( ), , (USB, SD, ..),
(CD, CD-R/RW, DVD, DVD-R/RW),
.
,
,
( ). ( , )
,
(tracks) (sectors) . (CD-R, CD-
RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, ..) (track)
,
.
. (USB flash Drive, SD, Memory Stick)
, ROM RAM
.
:
: byte . (.. 1.44
MB, 700 MB, 4.7 GB, 500 GB, 1 TB).
:
. bit (bits per second,
b/s) byte (bytes per second, B/s) (.. 50 kB/s, 1 Gb/s, 150
MB/s). (
) (revolutions per minute, rpm, .. 7200 rpm),
(
, .. 12 ms).
, 150 KB/s CD 1,32 MB/s
DVD (.. CD 52x 7,8 MB/s, DVD 16x 21 MB/s).
/:
/ ( ).
: (, , , )
(.. USB, IDE, SATA, SCSI, SAS).
: ( MB
).
.
.2 / .2.1
23
-
.
-
MB
(Floppy
Disk) 1,44 MB 50 B/s 300
(Hard Disk)
160GB-
4TB 150 MB/s 0,08
(Hard Disk)
160GB-
4TB 60 MB/s 0,10
CD-ROM
700 MB 7,8 MB/s
-
CD-R 0,70
CD-RW 1,40
DVD-ROM
4,7 GB 21 MB/s
-
DVD-R 0,14
DVD-RW 0,28
Blue Ray
Disc
25 GB
50 GB
100 GB
128 GB
72 MB/s 0,12
-
USB Flash
Drive 2-128 GB
100 MB/s-
500 MB/s
1,5
SD
1,5
8.
. ( ) . , ( /) () (. & , ) . , .
.2.1 .2 /
24
:
,
, ()
.
:
(1) , (2) ,
(3) (4) .
(Programme):
(),
.
:
(bit), Byte (B)
8 bit , KB,
MB, GB, TB, PB ( 1024
).
/: /,
/.
(Motherboard) :
,
/.
, (Central Processing Unit, CPU):
,
.
, .
( MHz
GHz) Watt
(W). (microprocessor).
:
/
(.. , , ,
, ) (.. ,
, ).
, (.. USB, PS2, VGA,
HDMI), (.. 1200 kbps,
12 Mbps, (.. 600 dpi, 12801024, 14 Megapixels),
(.. 12 ppm, 70 cps),
(.. 4, 22),
(.. 16:9), ,
/ (frame rate) (.. 75 Hz, 16 fps),
.
.2 / .2.1
25
: ,
(Random Access
Memory, RAM),
, (Read Only
Memory, ROM)
/ (Basic
Input/Output System, BIOS),
.
: ,
.
(
), , (USB, SD, ..),
(CD, CD-R/RW, DVD, DVD-R/RW),
.
(.. 700 MB, 4.7 GB, 500 GB, 1 TB),
(.. 50 kB/s, 1 Gb/s, 150 MB/s, CD 52x, DVD
16x), (.. 7200 rpm),
/, ,
(.. USB, IDE, SATA) .
27
2.2 To
:
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1.
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3).
2.
(Application Software)
( 3),
.. , ,
.
.
,
.
, , Internet Explorer (
.2.2 .2 /
28
Microsoft), Chrome ( Google), Firefox (
Mozilla Foundation), Opera ( Opera Software), Safari (
Apple).
, ,
Word ( Microsoft,
) Writer ( The Document Foundation,
).
3.
(System Software)
,
( 3).
. :
(Windows, Linux, Mac OS, ..)
(device drivers), ,
(.. )
.
(Operating System)
( 3). ,
,
(, ) ,
(
).
(
),
(
).
(
,
,
, 3
( )
(driver)
(driver)
(driver)
(driver)
.2 / .2.2
29
),
( ,
), (
)
(
, .. ).
4.
(User),
( 3).
, ,
/.
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5.
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( )
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(, , , )
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.
. ,
,
(.. Intel Core 2 Quad, ARM 9, , , , ..).
, , (.. Windows 7, Windows 8, Android,
iOS, Mac OS X, Linux, ..) (
). Apple (..
Apple iPad 2), iOS.
Windows 7,
, Windows 7 (
x86, Intel
Core 2 Quad). , Apple
iPad 2 AutoCAD ( ),
Windows, iOS
Windows. , (.. )
, (Apple iPad 2)
,
.2.2 .2 /
30
(
).
(System
Software):
()
,
.
. , ,
(device drivers), /
.
(Operating
System):
.
( ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.
(Application
Software):
()
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(User): ,
, ,
/.
.
:
,
.
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( )
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1. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 6169, .
31
2.3
:
.
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1.
1.1 (, )
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( ) ( ).
.2.3-5 .2 /
32
.
.
.
1.2
H
, ,
.
,
,
.
UPS
(Uninterruptible Power Supply / ).
UPS : (1)
,
(2)
, ,
(50 Hz - 60 Hz).
UPS ,
, .
,
. UPS
. UPS
IEC, .
UPS
,
.
1.3
,
. ,
.
,
,
4 Uninterruptable
Power Supply
(UPS)
5
IEC
6
.2 / .2.3-5
33
(..
).
,
.
,
,
(backup file) m
, ,
m. ,
chkdsk (chkdsk.exe),
( ). chkdsk
.
1.4
,
,
. ,
.
,
4 GB RAM,
(1)
, (2)
(3)
. ,
,
.
,
,
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,
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( ), , ,
,
/ (modem).
,
7
RAM
8 /
.2.3-5 .2 /
34
.
1.5
, . ,
.
(Serial Number) . ,
/ .
.
,
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,
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,
.
.
,
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2.
2.1
,
. , ,
. ,
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.
,
. ,
USB
. ,
9
10
.2 / .2.3-5
35
,
, .
Dropbox
Google Drive.
.
2.2
. ,
: (Viruses),
(Trojan Horses) (Worms).
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
(..
).
:
,
.
(antivirus) .
, , ,
: (1) , (2)
(3) .
.
(firewall)
,
.
11
( ,
).
12
.
.2.3-5 .2 /
36
. ,
.
.
2.3
,
. ,
. ,
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
, Windows
. ,
:
1. Start .
2. Control Panel.
3. Programs and Features
Run programs made for
previous versions of Windows.
4. Next
Program Compatibility.
5. ,
.
13
Skype,
14
Program Compatibility
.2 / .2.3-5
37
2.4
,
,
. ,
, .
:
.
.
(drivers)
.
.
2.5
,
, .
,
.
(Restore this item)
(Recycle Bin) .
,
(Undelete)
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
, . ,
. , ,
, , ,
. ,
.
, ,
,
15
.2.3-5 .2 /
38
(overwrite) . ,
,
Microsoft Word,
(Manage Versions). ,
(Restore Point)
(Disk Images) .
3.
3.1
,
, .
.
,
. ,
.
(RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury):
.
.
: ,
, ,
.
.
:
.
,
.
/: .
,
(,
, )
.
:
.
',
.
16 MS-Word,
17
18
.2 / .2.3-5
39
, , ,
.
(Toasted Skin
Syndrome):
,
.
52
.
,
, ,
, .
,
,
.
. ,
,
.
1. , (
).
,
.
2.
45 .
.
50 .
,
.
,
.
3. ( )
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,
.
19
20
.2.3-5 .2 /
40
4. .
.
5. ,
. ,
.
6. 90-120 .
.
7. ( ) .
8.
.
9.
.
10.
.
.
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. ,
. ,
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10
.
3.2
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
.2 / .2.3-5
41
3.3
,
,
.
,
(Internet Use Gaming Disorder),
(Internet Addiction Disorder - IAD),
(Pathological Internet Use)
(Problematic Internet Use).
,
, ,
.
, , ,
,
,
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
,
,
,
.
3.4
.
.
,
,
,
. , ,
.
:
. 6 8
,
.2.3-5 .2 /
42
.
, / / ,
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
. ,
www.cyberethics.info 22674747 (
Hotline), / .
:
(,
).
.
UPS
(Uninterruptable
Power Supply/
):
,
,
. , ,
(50 Hz - 60 Hz).
:
.
:
.
:
,
.
.2 / .2.3-5
43
:
:
(RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury).
, ,
.
:
(Toasted Skin Syndrome).
,
.
: ,
.
: ()
() .
:
.
1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', '
, . 109-112, .
2. . (n.d.). . 12,
2013 , http://www.pi.ac.cy/InternetSafety/parent.html.
3. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 38-39,
.
4. . Vstore.gr. 1, 2013 ,
http://support.vstore.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 14:2012-01-04-14-14-
49&catid=1:2011-12-15-12-23-02.
5. ., ., ., ., . (1999)
, , , . 39-42, .
6. , ., (2008). ECDL 4 . . 83-91, .
7. . (n.d.). Olympia.gr. 1,
2013 , http://olympia.gr/2010/10/11/.
8. . (n.d.). Google.
1, 2013 , http://www.google.com.cy/intl/el/goodtoknow/.
9. Internet & Computer Addiction. (n.d.). Helpguide.org. 1, 2013 ,
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/internet_cybersex_addiction.htm.
.2.3-5 .2 /
44
10.
Microsoft. (n.d.). Microsoft. 1, 2013 ,
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/824684/el.
11. . (n.d.).
. 1, 2013 , http://www.dpa.gr
/portal/page?_pageid=33,15048&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
12. ; (n.d.). PhysioAid. 1, 2013 , http://www.physio-aid.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id =87:2009-09-30-07-46-14&catid=4:2009-05-10-09-25-22&lang=en
13. . & .
1, 2013 , http://dide.ilei.sch.gr/keplinet/tech/ups.php.
14. UPS. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. 1, 2013 , http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPS.
15. , USB; (n.d.). Tictac Laboratories.
1, 2013 , http://www.tictac.gr/.
45
2.4
:
( , RAM, , , / ) .
( ) .
1.
(
) . ,
( )
. , ,
,
.
,
. , ,
.
, .
, ,
,
.
2.
.
/
, ,
, / /.
,
,
(.. ) ,
.
,
(plotter) .
( ),
/
,
.
(
). ,
.2.6-7 .2 /
46
,
.
, 200
1.000 200.000.
800 , , 160.000,
40.000.
, ,
,
,
.
3.
,
.
. , ,
Microsoft PowerPoint ( )
LibreOffice Impress,
.
, (..
),
.
() (requirements)
.
(minimum requirements),
( ).
.
:
Windows 7 :
x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB.
AutoCAD 2013
: Microsoft Windows XP ,
x86 1,6 GHz, RAM
2 GB ( 4 GB, 2 GB
), 6 GB,
1024 x 768 ( 1600 x 1050, 1024 x 768
).
SimCity :
Microsoft Windows XP , x86
2 GHz, RAM 2 GB,
.2 / .2.6-7
47
10 GB,
512 MB RAM 256 kbps.
4.
,
. ,
.
()
, ,
( )
, .
,
,
.
34 .
5.
( ).
5.1
,
. , ,
,
.
.
, :
; ;
( ) ; (
).
;
( ).
( )
; ;
;
; (
, ).
/ /,
, , ;
;
;
; (.. CD,
, ..)
;
,
/ ; (
.2.6-7 .2 /
48
, ..
, , ..)
5.2
. ,
( ).
,
, .
(.. Mozilla Firefox, Skype)
.
( ,
RAM , ..).
5.3
( , , , , ,
..).
( )
.
,
.
( )
.
. ,
:
: CPU 2.20 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 500 GB, CD/DVD, 17, 600
: CPU 2.53 GHz, RAM 8 GB, HDD 250 GB, CD/DVD, 15, 650
RAM
. ,
,
.
( ) ,
:
.
( 100).
.2 / .2.6-7
49
, 0 () 1
() .
.
, , () .
.
,
.
5.4 1
. ,
.
17
. ,
( 30 , 2 GB)
,
Skype ( ).
,
Windows. 1000 .
:
. .
: 2 GB 30
4 , 240 GB (
).
: , ,
, Skype.
: Windows.
17.
: , , , .
: .
:
:
: Windows (.. Windows 7,
x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB).
/ : Microsoft Office 2010 Home &
Student Edition, 119 LibreOffice v.4, 0 (
1 GB).
: Adobe CC Windows, 1200 (
1024x768, 2GB, )
Inkscape Gimp, 0 ( ).
.2.6-7 .2 /
50
Skype ( , ,
).
: Microsoft Security Essentials ( Windows).
.
LibreOffice v.4 , Inkscape Gimp,
Adobe CC .
:
, x86, 1 GHz,
RAM 2 GB, 259
GB, 1024x768, , (
).
/
( CD/DVD, ,
, , Windows 7:
1: CPU 2,00 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 500 GB, 17 1024x768, 480
2: CPU 2,00 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 250 GB, 15 1200x800, 500
3: CPU 2,20 GHz, RAM 6 GB, HDD 500 GB, 17 1200x800, 650
4: CPU 2,53 GHz, RAM 8 GB, HDD 750 GB, 17 1800x1024, 800
2 , .
1
.
.
, RAM,
. ,
, 30, 30, 10 30 (
)
:
-
/ RAM
RAM
15 20 35 30 100
1 2 4 500 786432 480 0,79 0,50 0,67 0,55 61,77 0,13
3 2,2 6 500 960000 650 0,87 0,75 0,67 0,67 75,25 0,12
4 2,53 8 750 1440000 800 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 100,00 0,13
2,53 8 750 1440000
, 61, 100. ,
.
,
.2 / .2.6-7
51
(
).
, 4
.
2:
, ,
.
( )
, (
,
20 ).
(
Linux) ,
3 .
250 MB 250 .
20,
.
()
( Microsoft Word
). ,
.
.
:
,
, .
:
.
: , ,
.
: Windows.
20.
: .
: .
:
.
: 250 MB 365
3 , 273750 MB, 268 GB (
).
: .
: Linux.
.2.6-7 .2 /
52
20 ppm.
: .
: (UPS), DVD Drive
.
:
:
:
: Windows (.. Windows 7 Professional,
x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB,
150).
/ : Microsoft Office (Word,
Outlook) 2010 Home & Student Edition, 119 (
1 GB).
: Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Chrome Safari (
).
: Kaspersky Pure 3.0 (75).
:
: Linux (.. Ubuntu Server 14LTS,
x86 1 GHz, RAM
512 MB, 5 GB).
( ,
).
.
Microsoft
Security Essentials, Kaspersky, .
:
, x86,
1 GHz, RAM 1 GB,
16 GB 20.
, x86,
1 GHz, RAM
512 GB, 273 GB, DVD Drive,
20ppm UPS.
/
( CD/DVD
):
1: CPU 1,60 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 250 GB, 17, 370.
2: CPU 1,60 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 250 GB, 20, 420.
3: CPU 2,20 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 250 GB, 20, 550.
.2 / .2.6-7
53
4: CPU 2,20 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 500 GB, 17, 500.
5: CPU 2,50 GHz, RAM 8 GB, HDD 1 TB, 20, 690
, 1 4 ,
. ,
2.
, 1, 2 3 ,
. 4,
.
RAM ( ),
:
/
RAM
RAM
40 40 20 100
HY4 2,2 4 500 500 0,88 0,50 0,50 65,20 0,13
HY5 2,5 8 1000 690 1,00 1,00 1,00 100,00 0,14
2,5 8 1000
5 4,
, .
.
:
1: , , 1200dpi, 20ppm, 0,142 , 80.
2: , , 300dpi, 22ppm, 0,022 , 200.
3: , , 600dpi, 24ppm, 0,024 , 350.
1 , 250
( 273750 3 ), 1
38953, 2 6223 3 6920.
2 .
UPS ( 60
100).
.2.6-7 .2 /
54
:
(/,
, , ,
,
, ).
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
: ,
.
.
:
( 100 ),
.
:
.
. ,
,
.
1. Windows 7. 04.07.2013. http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/products/system-requirements
2. AutoCAD 2013. 04.07.2013. http://docs.autodesk.com/ACD/2013/ENU/System%20Requirements/index.html
3. / SimCity. 04.07.2013. https://help.ea.com/article/simcity-system-requirements
55
ENOTHTA 6
/ /
:
()
()
-
()
57
6.1
:
. (/).
. (.. , , , , , ..).
1. (Database)
.
, .
: , , ,
, ..
:
(.. )
(.. ).
.
2. ()
,
1960.
, .
1970
() - Database Management System (DBMS).
.
(Relational Database),
.
.6.1 .6
58
,
(Relational Database Management System, RDBMS), Microsoft
Access.
3.
(1) :
,
. ,
.
(2) :
.
(.. , , , ,
, ..), (..
).
.
(3) : ()
. ,
.
,
. ,
,
.
(4) :
.
,
, , ,
, ..
(5) ()
:
.
.6. .6.1
59
.. ,
,
.
4.
,
.
,
,
(..
).
5.
:
(
).
.6.1 .6
60
(Database):
.
:
.
:
,
.
() (Database
Management System, DBMS):
.
(Relational Database):
,
.
(Relational Database
Management System,
RDBMS):
.
61
6.2
:
(, ).
.
. .
1.
1.1 (Table)
.
()
.
.
,
,
..
() ().
:
YouthMembers
.6.2 .6
62
1.2 (Record)
.
1.3 (Field)
.
. .
.
, ,
, ,
.
2. (Relationships)
,
.
. , Relationship,
(
).
,
.
.6. .6.2
63
:
(,
..)
,
.
:
2.1 : -- (One-To-One, 1-1)
, .
2.2 : -- (One-To-Many, 1-)
, ,
.
--,
(YouthCentre.accdb). :
Activities
.
YouthMembers
.
--. , YouthMembers
Activities,
.
.6.2 .6
64
3. (Objects)
3.1 (Table)
,
.
3.2 (Form)
.
.
.
3.3 (Queries)
,
.
3.4 (Reports)
.
,
.
4.
-
-
.6. .6.2
65
5. ()
, ,
() - Database Management
System (DBMS).
: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server,
Microsoft Access, Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2 FilemakerPro.
()
:
.
() :
.
.6.2 .6
66
(Table):
.
.
() ().
(Record):
.
(Field):
.
(Relationships):
.
.
Relationship.
(Objects):
(Tables)
(Forms)
(Queries)
(Reports)
() (Database
Management
System, DBMS):
,
. :
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server,
Microsoft Access SAP.
67
6.3 . ,
:
.
.
. .
1. (Microsoft Access)
, ,
() - Database Management
Systems (DBMS). Microsoft Access.
2.
(1) StartAll ProgramsMicrosoft Office .
(Desktop), .
3. (Blank database)
, ,
:
(1) File New (
) Available Templates, Blank
database Create.
.6.3-4 .6
68
CTRL + N .
(2) ,
,
Create.
(3) , Microsoft Access 2010,
.
4. (Save)
(Flash Memory),
USB.
Microsoft Access
Database, .accdb .
(1) File Save Database As
,
(
ALT + F , A ).
FileSave
,
.
FileSave
CTRL + S .
(2) (Filename), (Save in)
(Save as type).
(3) , Save .
.6. .6.3-4
69
5. (Table)
(
) .
.
, ,
, ..
6. (Table Design)
(1) Create Tables
Table Design.
(2) ,
Field Name
.
(3) Data Type
.
(4) Description -
.
(5) , ,
.
(6) , ,
.
(7) ,
.
.6.3-4 .6
70
7. (Table)
(1) Create Tables
Table.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
.
(4) , ENTER
.
(5) , ,
.
(6) ,
.
.6. .6.3-4
71
8.
, :
(1) ,
.. (.), (!)
([ ]).
(2) .
9. (Data Type)
.
.
Microsoft Access,
:
Text
Number
Date/Time /
Currency
AutoNumber
Yes/No / / /
Microsoft Access, ()
:
Memo
OLE Object OLE -
(, , )
Hyperlink (
)
Attachment
.6.3-4 .6
72
Calculated
Lookup Wizard ( )
:
() Text - 255 ,
.
() Number -
.
() Date/Time -
.
() Currency -
.
() AutoNumber -
.
() Yes/No -
( , ).
() Memo - 65.535 ,
.
() OLE Object -
, .
() Hyperlink - .
() Attachment - .
() Calculated - .
() Lookup Wizard -
.
10. (Field Properties)
,
:
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
.. Microsoft Access :
Field Size
Format ( )
Input Mask
.6. .6.3-4
73
Caption ()
Default Value ()
Validation Rule
Validation Text
Required ( )
Decimal Places
:
() Field Size -
.
() Format -
.
() Input Mask -
.
() Caption -
.
() Default Value -
.
() Validation Rule -
.
() Validation Text -
.
() Required -
.
() Decimal Places -
.
11. (Views)
11.1 (Design View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Tables,
,
(Datasheet View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
.6.3-4 .6
74
.
(All Access Objects)
Tables,
,
Design View
o .
11.2 (Datasheet View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Tables,
,
(Datasheet View).
Home Views
Datasheet View
.
.
.6. .6.3-4
75
12. (Open)
,
, :
(1) File Open.
CTRL + O .
(2) ,
.
13. (Close Database)
(1) File Close Database.
ALT + F , C .
14. (Exit)
(1) File Exit.
ALT + F , X .
.6.3-4 .6
76
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Blank database)
CTRL + N
(Save)
CTRL + S
(Save Database As)
ALT
+
F , A
(Table Design)
(Table)
(Design View)
(Datasheet View)
(Open)
CTRL + O
(Close Database)
ALT
+
F , C
(Exit)
ALT
+
F , X
77
6.4
:
. .
1.
, ,
(Datasheet View).
1.1 - (Field Width)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
,
.
, .
1.2 - (Row Height)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
,
.
.6.5 .6
78
1.3 / (Hide/Unhide Fields)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
1.4 (Insert Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , () ,
.
1.5 (Delete Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
1.6 (Rename Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
1.7 (Text Formatting)
(1) Home
Text Formatting
.
1.8 (Background Color)
(1) Home
Text Formatting
.
(2) ,
Background Color
.
.6. .6.5
79
, Alternate
Background Color
.
(3) , .
1.9 (Cell Effect)
(1) Home
Text Formatting
.
(2) ,
Cell Effect
(Raised)
(Sunken)
.
(3) ,
.
1.10 (Gridlines Shown and Gridline Color)
(1) Home
Text Formatting
.
(2) ,
Gridlines
Shown
(Horizontal)
(Vertical)
.
(3) , ,
Gridline Color
.
(4) , .
2. (Delete Table)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Tables,
,
.
(2) , Delete
.
.6.5 .6
80
Home Records
Delete.
Delete .
3. (Primary Key)
.
, / ,
.
, , ,
.
.
,
,
..: , ..
,
.
, . ,
,
, , ,
.
, (
, , ) .
,
(AutoNumber) ,
.
:
,
( TelNumber) ,
( ) .
Email .
(Firstname Surname) ,
(
).
.6. .6.5
81
(YouthMemberID)
AutoNumber .
Microsoft Access
, . Microsoft Access,
,
. ,
, ,
.
4.
(1)
(Datasheet View).
(2) Home Views
Design View .
Design View .
(3) ,
.
(4) Table Tools->Design
Tools Primary Key
.
.6.5 .6
82
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Field Width)
(Row Height)
/
(Hide/Unhide Fields)
(Insert Field)
.6. .6.5
83
(Delete Field)
(Rename Field)
(Text Formatting)
(Background
Color)
(Cell Effect)
(Gridlines Shown
and Gridline Color)
.6.5 .6
84
(Delete Table)
Delete
(Primary Key)
85
6.5 ,
:
, (). .
1. , ,
, ,
,
(Datasheet View).
1.1 (New Record)
(1) () .
(2) ,
.
(Navigation Area)
New (blank) record
.
1.2
(1) ,
:
.6.6 .6
86
1.3
(1)
(, ..),
:
1.4 (Delete Record)
(1) .
(2) Home Records
Delete.
(3) ,
.
.6. .6.6
87
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(New Record)
(Navigation Area)
(First record)
(Previous record)
(Current Record)
(Next record)
(Last record)
(New (blank)
record)
(
)
()
TAB
()
SHIFT
+
TAB
(Delete Record)
89
6.6
:
() .
, .
(/, /).
1. (Form)
,
,
(Forms).
,
(). ,
.
,
.
2. (Form)
(1)
(2) Create Forms
Form
.
(3) , ,
.
.6.7 .6
90
3. (Form Wizard)
(1)
(2) Create Forms
Form Wizard.
(3) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
4. ,
(1)
(Form View).
(2) , :
5. (Delete Record)
(1)
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) Home Records
Delete.
(4) ,
.
.6. .6.7
91
6. (Views)
6.1 (Design View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Forms,
,
(Form View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
.
(All Access Objects)
Forms,
,
Design View
.
6.2 (Form View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Forms,
,
(Form View).
Home Views
Form View .
.6.7 .6
92
.
.6. .6.7
93
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Form)
(Form Wizard)
(Navigation Area)
(First record)
(Previous record)
(Current Record)
(Next record)
(Last record)
(New (blank)
record)
(Delete Record)
.6.7 .6
94
(
)
()
TAB
()
SHIFT
+
TAB
(Design View)
(Form View)
95
6.7
:
.
1.
,
.
(Label)
(Text Box)
.
,
(Form View).
1.1
1.1.1
(1) Home Views
Design View
.
Design View .
(2) ,
.
(3)
, ,
.
.6.8 .6
96
1.1.2
(1)
.
(2)
, ,
.
1.1.3
(1)
.
(2)
, ,
.
1.2
(1) (
) ( ).
:
(handles).
.6. .6.8
97
(2) ,
,
.
1.3
(1) (
) .
(2) ,
,
.
1.4
(1) (
)
.
(2)
.
1.5 (Formatting)
(1) (
) .
(2) , Form Design Tools->Format
Font
.
.6.8 .6
98
1.6 (Select All)
(1) Form Design Tools->Format
Selection
.
CTRL + A .
1.7 (Delete Field)
(1)
.
(:
.)
(2) , Home
Records Delete
.
Delete
.
Delete .
1.8 (Add Existing Fields)
(1) Form Design Tools->Design Tools
.
(2) ,
.
1.9 (Label)
(1) Form Design Tools->Design Controls
.
(2) ,
.
.6. .6.8
99
1.10 (Insert Image)
(1) Form Design Tools->Design Controls
.
(2) ,
Insert Picture
,
.
(3) , ,
.
1.11 (Background Image)
(1) Form Design Tools->Format Background
.
(2) ,
Insert Picture
,
.
(3) ,
.
1.12 / (Grid)
(1) .
(2) ,
.
.6.8 .6
100
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Formatting)
(Select All)
CTRL + A
(Delete Field)
Delete
(Add Existing Fields)
(Label)
(Insert Image)
(Background
Image)
/
(Grid)
101
6.8
:
, .
.
1. (Find)
(Find)
.
(Datasheet View) ,
(Form View) .
.
(1) /
/ (Datasheet View) /
(Form View).
(2) , Home Find
Find.
CTRL + F .
(3) ,
Find What:
.
(4) Look In: Current document
Match: Any Part of Field.
(5) ,
.
(6) ,
.
(Navigation Area)
(Search)
.
.6.10 .6
102
, ENTER
.
2. (Filter)
(Filter).
(Datasheet View) ,
(Form View) .
.
(1) /
/ (Datasheet View) /
(Form View).
(2) ,
, (..
Town
) .
(3) , .
Home Sort & Filter
Filter
.
(: .)
3. (Clear Filter)
(1) /
/ (Datasheet View) /
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) , .
Home Sort & Filter
Filter
.
: .
.6. .6.10
103
4. (Selection Filter)
(1) /
/ (Datasheet View) /
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) , Home
Sort & Filter Selection
,
:
(:
TEXT Filters, NUMBER Filters DATE Filters.)
(4)
(TEXT Filters):
Equals - / /
. (..
.)
Does Not Equal - /
/ . (..
.)
Begins With - /
/ . (..
.)
Does Not Begin With -
/ / . (..
.)
Contains - /
/ . (..
.)
.6.10 .6
104
Does Not Contain -
/ / . (..
.)
Ends With - /
/ . (..
.)
Does Not End With -
/ / . (..
.)
(NUMBER Filters):
Equals - / /
. (..
99123456
99123456.)
Does Not Equal - /
/ . (..
99123456
99123456.)
Less Than or Equal To -
/ / . (..
99123456
99123456.)
Greater Than or Equal To -
/ / . (..
99123456
99123456.)
Between -
. (..
99123451 99123456
.6. .6.10
105
99123451 99123456 .)
(DATE Filters):
Equals - / /
. (.. Birthdate
12/08/1999
12/08/1999.)
Does Not Equal - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 12/08/1999
12/08/1999.)
Begins With - / /
. (.. Birthdate
12 12/08/1999
12.)
Does Not Begin With - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 12
12/08/1999
12.)
Contains - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 08
12/08/1999
08.)
Does Not Contain -
/ / . (..
Birthdate 08
12/08/1999
08.)
.6.10 .6
106
Ends With - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 1999
12/08/1999
1999.)
Does Not End With - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 1999
12/08/1999
1999.)
Between -
. (.. Birthdate
12/08/1999 14/08/1999
12/08/1999 14/08/1999
.)
.6. .6.10
107
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Find)
CTRL + F
(Filter)
(Clear Filter)
(Selection Filter)
109
6.9
:
(). , , . , ( : =, , , =, between and ...).
, ( : AND, OR, NOT *, ?).
/, / (Ascending/Descending).
1. (Queries)
,
.
.
,
,
.
(Queries).
()
:
.
.
.
.
, , .
,
. ,
:
(1)
,
,
.
(2)
..
.6.11-12 .6
110
2. (Query Wizard)
(1)
(2) Create Queries
Query Wizard.
(3) , Simple Query Wizard
.
(4) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(5) , ( )
.
(6) ,
.
3. (Query Design)
(1)
(2) Create Queries
Query Design.
(3) , (Show Table)
/ /
/
(Design View) .
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(:
.
( *
.)
,
.)
.6. .6.11-12
111
(6) ,
.
(: , Delete
.)
(7)
.
(8) , Query Tools->Design
Results Run
Microsoft Access .
(9) , ,
.
4.
(1) (All Access Objects)
Queries,
(Datasheet View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
,
Design View .
(3)
, :
Query Tools->Design
Query Setup
Show Table
.
,
/ / /
/
/
.
.6.11-12 .6
112
,
.
(4) , ,
.
5. (Delete Query)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Queries,
.
(2) , Delete
.
Home Records
Delete.
,
.
, , Delete .
6.
:
(1)
.
,
. ( * .)
.6. .6.11-12
113
(2)
,
:
Field: .
Table: / / .
Sort: :
Ascending ( ),
Descending ( ),
(not sorted) ( ).
Show:
.
Criteria: ,
,
.
7. (Criteria)
,
:
2012
31/1/1967
Between and Between 1/1/2013 and 31/12/2013
= =35
> >36
< = >=50
.6.11-12 .6
114
* *
? ???
[ ] []
! [!]
- [-]
# 2#5
.6. .6.11-12
115
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Query Wizard)
(Query Design)
(Run)
.6.11-12 .6
116
(Show Table)
(Sort)
(Delete Query)
Delete
117
6.10 ,
:
().
, , , .
1. (Reports)
, ,
.
,
.
,
().
.
, .
. ,
.
2. (Report)
(1) /
.
(2) Create Reports
Report
.
(3) , ,
.
.6.13 .6
118
3. (Report Wizard)
(1) /
(2) Create Reports
Report Wizard.
(3) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , ,
, /
.
(6) ,
.
(7) ,
.
4. (Views)
4.1 (Design View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Reports,
,
(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
.
.6. .6.13
119
(All Access Objects)
Reports,
,
Design View
.
4.2 (Layout View)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Reports,
,
(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Layout View
.
.
(All Access Objects)
Reports,
,
Layout View
.
.6.13 .6
120
5.
(1) (All Access Objects)
Reports,
(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
,
Design View
.
(3) , ,
.
6. (Delete Report)
(1) (All Access Objects)
Reports,
.
(2) , Delete
.
Home Records
Delete.
,
.
.6. .6.13
121
, , Delete .
7. (Print Report)
(1)
(2) File Print
Quick Print
.
,
..
CTRL + P .
Print Preview
.
.6.13 .6
122
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(Report)
(Report Wizard)
(Design View)
(Layout View)
.6. .6.13
123
(Delete Report)
Delete
(Print Report)
CTRL + P
125
6.11
:
/, / , , , .
1. (Sort)
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
,
.
, :
,
(/Ascending)
(/Descending).
,
(/Ascending)
(/Descending).
2. (Sort) , ,
(1) :
,
(Datasheet View).
,
(Form View).
,
(Datasheet View).
.6.14 .6
126
,
Layout View
(Layout View).
(2) , .
(3) , Home
Sort & Filter Ascending
Descending
.
.
,
.
3. , , (Remove Sort)
(1) Home
Sort & Filter Remove Sort
.
.6. .6.14
127
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
// / (Sort Ascending)
// /
(Sort Descending)
// / (Remove Sort)
/
// /
(Sort Ascending /
Descending)
129
6.12
:
().
.
1.
. ,
.
(, ),
.
.
:
, ,
,
.
() ,
Relationships.
.
.
.
:
,
( ,
). ,
(
/
/).
/ / ,
.
,
.
,
.
.6.16 .6
130
, .
2.
,
(
, query).
:
.
.
(, ..),
.
, .
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
3.
(Primary Key) ( )
( ,
).
( - Primary Table)
( - Secondary r Related Table),
.
.6. .6.16
131
4. (Relationships)
:
-- (One-To-One)
-- (One-To-Many)
-- (Many-To-Many) ( )
4.1 -- (One-To-One, 1-1)
( - Primary Table)
(
- Secondary Table), .
.
MS Access.
:
:
.
.
(1) ,
, :
1 ;
= 1
(2) , ,
:
1 ;
= 1
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
1
1
1 1
1 1
.6.16 .6
132
(3) :
--
:
.
.
(..
, ,
,
).
4.2 -- (One-To-Many, 1-)
( - Primary Table)
( -
Secondary Table), ,
( - Primary
Table).
.
MS
Access.
:
:
, ,
.
1 1
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
----------------
1
.6. .6.16
133
(1) ,
, :
1 ;
=
, ,
:
1 ;
= 1
(2) :
--
:
.
, , .
.
, .
(..
).
:
,
. (YouthMembers)
(Activities). ,
:
1
1 YouthMembers Activities
1
1 1
.6.16 .6
134
,
.
--, :
(Primary Key):
.
,
.
(Relationships):
, .
. Relationship.
:
(One-To-One, 1-1) (One-To-Many, 1-)
(One-To-One) (1-1):
, .
(One-To-Many) (1-):
, , .
135
6.13
:
. .
1.
.
Microsoft Access.
(Relationships)
. ,
.
, ,
,
.
2. -- (One-To-Many, 1-)
:
(1)
.
(2) Database Tools Relationships
Relationships
.
,
.
(3) ,
/ / / /
/
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , (ActivityCode)
(Activities) ,
.6.17 .6
136
(ActivityCode) (YouthMembers)
.
(6) ,
:
Enforce Referential Integrity ( ) -
.
Cascade Update Related Fields (
) -
.
Cascade Delete Related Records (
) -
,
.
(7) , .
(8) , Relationship Tools->Design
Relationships Close
, .
.6. .6.17
137
3. (Delete Relationship)
:
(1) Database Tools Relationships
Relationships
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , Delete,
, .
4.
, .
,
:
(+)
. , ,
Activities
. ,
YouthMembers Activities.
(1) (Activities)
(Datasheet View).
(2) ,
.
.6.17 .6
138
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)
(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
(One-To-Many,
1-)
(Delete
Relationship)
(Edit Relationship)
139
6.14
:
.
1. (Queries in Related Tables)
.
,
,
.
: ,
.
2. (Query Wizard)
(1) .
(2) Create Queries
Query Wizard.
(3) , Simple Query Wizard
.
(4) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(5) , ( )
.
(6) ,
.
.6.18 .6
140
3. (Query Design)
(1) .
(2) Create Queries
Query Design.
(3) , (Show Table)
/ /
/
(Design View) .
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(:
.
( *