, 19 1970

(1,2,3) , , . . , , . - - , . , .(4) 1868 Heinrich Schliemann , . - . 19 . 19 1871. 19 20 . , . ,, . 1864, . , , , . (5) 20 . Wilhelm Dorpfeld, Schliemann Hissarlik , . 1901 1913. S. Benton 30 , . - 20 . . (6) 18 (culture) 1843 Gustav Klemm (1802-1867) 1871 E.B. Tylor 2. ,,,, ,, , , . (7) 20 20 V.G. Childe , . .(8) , , . 30 S. Benton, W.A. Heurtley . . 20 , , . .(9) . . Franz Boas (1858-1943) , Grafton Eliot Smith (1871-1937) . Oscar Montelius(1843-1921) . Montelius ex oriente lux (Renfrew 1973a:36-7). V.G. Childe . . , . , , . Milojcic . . (1967, 1981) (10) . . . , ... ( 1979:59). , .(11) 60 . Colin Renfrew . . (12) 30 . Joseph Coldwell 1959 ( science) 1962 L. Binford antiquity Archaeology as Anthropology. L. Binford . . . , . Binford . .(13) Child Binford , , 1962. ( 1964 . ) . (14) Eric Higgs , J. M. Cole, . R. Hey , , ... (15) . 2007 . 68 3 106 , ..

. . , . , , . (16) / 19 70 . . . () . . . . .(17) .(18) K 1850 E Brunn. 1879 1885 . . , 6 (1885, 1888-1892). . 1904 1922 1926. , , . 1909. . 1917 . 1928 78 . 1909 . . , , . , .(19) 1896. , . . . , , , , . , , , , . 1936 . 1955.(20) 1879 . . 1910 1924. . , , (). 1919 . . 1944.(21) . 1883 . 1910 . 1923 , 1924 , 1928 1930 . 1933 , 1934 , 1937 , , 1945 , 1948 1950 . 1955(22) 1901. 1916 . .. . 1927-29 Halle Georg Karo , Ferdinand Noack , Gerhard Rodenwaldt Dorpfeld Ulrich Von Wilamowitz . . 9 10 . , . Adriaan Goekoop 1930-34 . 1934 . 1939 . . 1951-60. 1955 . . 1968 1974. O - . 4( 1974,5).

. Evans . , . . , , . . . . 1974 . . .(23) . . 1883 1889 5(1912, 247)

. , . (24) 1889 A. E. H. Goekoop, ,, . Philippe de Bosset 1810-14 Neuchatel. A. E. H. Goekoop 1908,1909 1913, 1915. A.E.H Goekoop ithaque la grande (1908). (25) 1908 16 83 , . , . , , , ,, ,, . 1951 . 6(39)

. (26) 20 1908-11 .7 1911-12 251-268, 1912 247. . . 371. 1912 .111)

. . 1908-9 - . 52. . 1953. . . (27) 1909 . . . , . , , . (28) 1909 -. . . .8( 1919, 114 115)

(29) 1911 Goekoop . . Goekoop . 1911. 9(34)

. (30) , , , . , , . . , ., 10(34 104)

. , , . (31) 190911( C.R. Ac. Inscr 1911, p-7: . . 372 : .. 5 1919, 92 )

1911-12 12( 192 117)

, 1915 13( 1915 59 : 1919 95)

. 1912 , . .. (32) 5 10 , 5 , . , 80 , , . . , , , . 1932 . 14( 1919, 92 114.)

.(33) Adrian Goekoop 1914, Johanna Suzanne Goekoop De Jongh, . 1930 1931 , , 15( 1932 1933)(29).

. , 1911-12 ,. . gable-shaped tiles graves. . . . . , , , , /1 , , . 1930 . . , , , , . , . (34) , . . . . (. 4 .) , (, ) . 1951 . (35) 1931 1932 . 1911. . . . . ( ). . 350 , . (36) . . 193316(..1933:73 )

1960 . 2/. 1978 . . 304 , , , , , , . (37) 1936 , . . (38) 17(BCH 60,1936,472 fig 15)

. 1951 18( 951,186) 6.

. (39) . .(40) 1953 . . . .(41) 1960 , , , 19(16,1960,41)

. S. Benton flint country. . O . Abalbert Markovits 1927-1931 .20.-

(42) Benton Heurtley , A. Markovits, Rudolf Stampfuss Vladimir Milojcic , 21.-

. , . . , . . , , , . , , . . ,23( 1965)

. (43) . H . Dorpfeld , 24(31)(30)

. . - 1999 . (44) 1960 25(, 23. . 1960)

. 1953 (, ..) 26(25)

. (45) 60 . , . . (46) 1963 . ,, 26( 1960, 42)

. 1951 1959 . . (47) ( 1959 ) , , . , , , .27(1959 2-3:29)

(48) , 28(32)

. . , . 2 .32(27)

1969 ( ), . .. 1966 . ... . , . , - . . . (49) , , . . . . . 1974 , 1978 , .(50) 80 . , 32( 1984)

. (51) Curtis Runnels. , , (52) . . . , , 29( hand-axe hachereau )

, , , , . (53) . . - . (silex) . 30(28)

. (54) . , . , . . , , -, , , , ..(55) 19 16 - 1807-1814 . , . 1889 H. Lechat . . (56) 20 , . , , W. Dorpfeld . 1911. , 1964 . 1911-1914 . W. Dorpfeld . . . . Red ware Mottled Grey ware . (58) 1930 H. Bulle. 1938 Dorpfeld . . . . .(59) Silvia Benton 30, . , . . 1962 Master of arts Harvard university (Master of culture), H. Movius Dordogne - . , , , , , .. , . 1964-66, 37 , , 1978 .. (60) H 11 . . 3615

. Wilhelm Drpfeld , Heinrich Bulle Favella . , S. Benton Harvard , . (61) (terra rossa) . ( .. -, .. .. ) . , Heinrich Bulle 35( 1934, 146 .. 195)

. 17 , . . E.S Higgs , , . (62) P.M. Master N.C. Flemming quaternary coastlines and maritime archaeology 1983. (63) () , ( , .. , ). Levallois-Mousterian Curtis Runnels 50 -32000 37(JFA 5, 1988 277ff, 282ff)

. Runnels , , (basal ) 40(JFA 15, 1988, 285)

. (64) ( 1969 :377-398) ? (?) chopper 38(-)

(700.000), 39( )(Jamet 1982: 39, Sorel 1989: 89-92, Kourtessi-Filippaki 1993 :13)

. , . . 60 . (65) 1964-66 25.000 12.000 . (66) -- . (67) 11 . . . ` . 870 ( backed bladelets). (68) (debitage) . , , , , , , . (69) , , . . (70) 18 14x5. . , , , , Bos Primigenous, , , , , , , , .. . .(71) , CanaldAmour, . . . . 1955 41(. . , ., , . .. )

. . . (72) . . , 0.80 1.00 . , . , 42(la rorta, ripavo blac, Calafarina)

. Ctop , . D . (73) 7340+-180 0,15 . (impressa) , , , , . (74) . (75) . 0,70-0,80 . C base 7670+-129 0,60. . . . . , . (76) 0,90 7770+-340 . . (77) , cardium edule . . , (cores, pebble-choppers, flakes). cores 4312

. . 1983 , --. 1986 . (78) 70 , . , , . 1965 . . . Wace and Thompson 1914 . 43(-)

.(79) 1964 . . 0,5 16 . 44 Dorpfeld ( 193, 108- fimmen, kretisch-Mycenische kultur .4 Hammond, BSA 1931-32, 198-9)

45 tt ulle 1930 ( 1934, 147 .)

. . (80) . . . . (81) . , 46(. 1959 .76, .81)

. . 1960 . , . , , , , , . , , , , . (82) , (Red Ware), (Mottled Grey Ware). , , (wishbone). , , . (, , ), , . (83) 1983 . 451983, 1, 26-34

. , . 1993, 2000, 2002, 2004 . 4913 .

(84) O , , 48( Balcan studies 10, 1969, 407, 1974: 90-3 )

1965 1979 , . . 3 Campignano .5011

, , , , . (85) levallois C 49( 1970: 16-20)

. . 51( 1974: 92)

. , ,, () (), . . .(86) , . .(87) Wilhelm Dorpfeld 20 . Dorpfeld . (88) 1904 , . (89) . (90) 1902 1905-6 Cakran. , . . . O Dorpfeld . . 1934 S. Benton . 1960 . , . -, , , .(91) 60 . A . . 1959,1964 1969 . . (abri) . , , , . .51(36)

. .52(35) (36)(39).

. 5 538.

(92) . 1969 X ( Dorpfeld) A ( , .. ) , , , . . . 1969 . , , , . 4 3 . . . 30 1965 .(93) 1975 . 5 6 , , ,, . 200 1965 . 3 .(94) levallois (, , ,, , ) 53(2 1967, 1982, 30ff).

. .

(95) H IAKH , . W. Gell W.M. Leake 1806 . Gell . de Bosset (1813-15) John Fiott/Lee Otto V. Stackelberg . E. Schliemann 1868 . . 1896 1900 Dorpfeld . W. Vollgraff 1903 ... Goekoop. (96) 1930-40 W.A. Heurtley, S. Benton, H.L. Lorimer, M. Robertson H. Waterhouse . Benton 1931-32 , . 1930-31 , . , , , , . . . . (97) ' 54(33)

. (98) , 1931-1933 , . W.A. Heurtley , (3000-2500 .. ) 55 BSA 1934-35

. 1938 S. Benton H. Waterhouse. . 1983 the dyssey project St.Louis (H) 56( 1984-1995)

. 1994 . . . (99) . . . . apfe 1936 . apfe .56( 1970:128)

. S. Benton H. Lorimer 1934 - .

(100) 1965 .. , , , . S. Benton 1937 . . (pebble tools) . 59(Christina Souyoudzoglou Haywood1999: 37) 21

(101) , , 60 . . . . 1968 2000. , . .(102) , . 60(28 1973 198)

. 1971-1972 1 . , . 0,17 0,46. . ( , ) ,.61(9 ).(41)

( 1.6.1974. p.7)