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Logical Positivism

Knowledge Empricism Verifiability Theory of Meaning

Logical positivism is a combination of empiricism and rational thought that is not as strict as empiricism. There are two key concepts within this discipline. These are Knowledge Empiricism and Verifiabiliry of Meaning.

Pro-science

Pro-reason

Pro-logic

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34

- Lakatos

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Lakatos

Imre Lakatos ( ) Karl Popper. Popper - . Popper Lakatos Kuhn - . Lakatos Popper, . , Lakatos, Duhem-Quine , . , Popper, Lakatos Kuhn, . Lakatos, , , - -

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37

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38

Laudan

, Larry Laudan - , - , , Kuhn Lakatos. Laudan, , Popper Kuhn. Laudan -, .

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(1984), Laudan . ( ) -

41

, - . Laudan, , - , . , , , , , - , - (Laudan, 1984, . 5). Laudan , Kuhn . Laudan . , Laudan ( Giere, 1988, . 44-45).

42

H (Kuhn Feyerabend)

The Kuhn Cycle

NormalScience

Prescience

ModelDrift

ModelCrisis

ModelRevolution

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43

Kuhn

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53

Feyerabend

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54

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55

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56

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67

, , , : ... , 1993

- , , , , .

, , , : , 1991

, , , , , 1997

Bertrand Russell, , -: . , (: I. . ), . 699-700.

Chalmers, A.F, ; , 2000.

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Laudan, Larry, A Confutation of Convergent Realism.

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Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Hutchinson, 1972, 1 . 1959), . 31.

. , Is there a Logic of Scientific Discovery, , Historical Types of Rationality. Proceedings of the First Greek-Soviet Symposium on Science and Society. Athens, October 23-26 1992. National Technical University of Athens, . 239-50.

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. . R. Hanson, Is there a Logic of Scientific Discovery?, H. Feigl G. Maxwell (eds.) Current Issues in the Philosophy of Science (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961), . 20-25, . 28.

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. R. Hanson, Patterns of Discovery (Cambridge University Press, 1958, 2 . 1972), . 90.

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, Charles S. Peirce, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce. Vols. 1-6. (ed. C. Hartshorne and P. Weiss. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1931), Vols. 7-8. (ed. A. Burks. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958). , , - 5.363, 5 363 .

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