_________________________________________
...
\
: :
1
1.1
1
_________________________________________ , . , ,, . , , , . ,, , () , , , . , , , , , , ,. , . . . ,.
1.22
_________________________________________ , . 2500 .( ,, , , ) , . . . ( , ) . (1999). . . .
1.3 . , . .
3
_________________________________________ .(, ,,,,), ,C,(), (1999). . , ,. .
2
2.1 .
4
_________________________________________ 2.1.1 6.000 , 1.100 ( & 1999). , .,, 2.4006, 2.300 16 . , . (, , ),,, , .
2.1.2 , . (2000 ) (10%).1.706( )178 38. 8.306.., 6% , 28% . , , , .
5
_________________________________________ ,, ,, . , : , , . .
2.1.3 . , , .,, , , , .. . , , . ,, ,,, ,,(, , ), . ( 40) 6 (, , , , , ) . . 2000,. 6
_________________________________________ . , , , . , , ,, . . ,,, , .
2.22000 (100) .: ,,,, .
2.2.1 . . , , . ,,,. : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 7
_________________________________________ 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. . 22. . 23. . 24. . 25. . 26. . 27. . 28. . 29. . 30. . 31. . 32. . 33. . 34. . 35. . 36. . 37. . 38. . 39. . 40. . 41. . 42. . 43. . 44. . 8
_________________________________________ 45. . 46. . 47.
2.2.2 .
: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 2.2.3 , . . . : 1. . 9
_________________________________________ 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10.
2.2.4 .: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16.
2.2.5 (, ,). 10
_________________________________________ : 1. (). 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. ().
2.2.6 . : 1. . 2. (). 3. . 4. . 5. (). 6. (). 7. . 8. . 9. (). 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 11
_________________________________________ 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. . 22.
3 3.1 . . ... ,, ,,.. .
12
_________________________________________ . , , . ,. , , . , . . , , . , Urospermumpicroides,Urospermumpicroides . Urospermum Urospermum picroides. Urospermumpicroides. ,, ,. , . .
3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae) steraceae . , (. ). , , , . , , , , 13
_________________________________________ . , . , , . . ( 1991). 1100 20000 . : Cichorium intybus, Cichorium spinosum, Cynara cornigera, Reichardia picroides, Scolymus hispanicus, Sonchus oleraceus, Urospermum picroides, Sylibum marianum, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Lactuca serriola,Taraxacumsp,Helminthothecaechiodes.
3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae) Lamiaceae , ., ,. .,,. . , , (2+3). 24.,, 2. . 4 ( 1991). 2003200, , , , . :Pra siummajus.
3.1.3OXALIDACEAE Oxalidaceae . 34. .5 .10.5 5 . , 14
_________________________________________ (1991).3 875.: Oxalispescaprae.
3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE Papaveraceae , , ,, . , , . , . . , , .2 4 . . 220. ,. (1975).23200. :Pa paverrhoeas.
3.1.5SOLANACEAE Solanaceae , , , , . . ..5. , , , 5 . , , . . .(1975). 852800. oooo:Solanumluteum.
15
_________________________________________ 3.1.6URTICACEAE Urticaceae , , . , . . , . , 4 (2+2). , . . (1975).49550. oooo:Urticapilu lifera.
3.1.7LILIACEAE Liliaceae , . , . , , .12,10, 8,6,4,3.3. 13. ( 1975). 280 4000 ,. :Alliumporrum, Muscaricomosus.
3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE , , . 3 16
_________________________________________ , . . , , . . 1010. . . (1991).550 13000. :Tetragonolobuspurpureus.
3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE , . , . ,. , , . . , . .5. .2 . 2 ( 1975). :Daucuscarotta,Pimpinellatragium,Tordyliumapulum,Foeniculumvul gare,Petroselinumcrispum,Scandixaustralis.
3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE , , . . 17
_________________________________________ ., . .23 , .13. ( 1998). :Beta vulgaris
3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE ., ,.5 ., .. .55. ,, , , ( 1998). :Limoniumsinuatum.
3.1.12PORTULACACEAE , . . 2 46 . , 3 ( 1998). :Por tulacaoleracea.
3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae) , ..4 ,,4. ,2, . , , , 18
_________________________________________ ( 1991). : Nasturium officinale, Brassica nigra, Hirschfeldiaincana,Raphanusraphanistrum,Sinapisalba,Erucasativa.
3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE H , . , , .,(1998). : Tamus com munis.
3.1.15POLYGONACEAE , , . , , , , . , ,. , ( 1998). :Rumexconglomerates.
19
_________________________________________
4 4.1. ,, . ( ,,,). , . .:
4.1.1 , . Tamus communis Dio scoreaceae.`
20
_________________________________________ Tamuscommunis Tamuscommunis
. : ,,,4., . , , . ,,,,. ,,6 ,6,. ,16.,1.1015 .,. : , , , . ,:, . , . ! . . . ,.
4.1.2
,
,
.
CynaracornigeraAsteraceae
21
_________________________________________
Cynaracornigera
Cynaracornigera
. :(),, 2 . , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . (300400), , ,(2001). . . , , . : ., ,. , : , . , , 22
_________________________________________ , , , (2003). , , . , , (, ). , , , . ,, . , , . , , , . !!! . ,.
4.1.3
,
,
, hispanicus
, Asteraceae
.
Scolymus
Scolymushispanicus
23
_________________________________________ . : ,, 1 . . , , ,. , , . , , , . , , .. . ,, , (2001). : , ,,, . , . , : , .,, . . , . , . ! (2003).
4.1.4
,
,
.
UrospermumpicroidesAsteraceae
24
_________________________________________
Urospermumpicroides
. : , , 2050 . . , . , . ., , , , , ,. , . . , , , ,. , , ,. , ,. (Sonchus oleraceus), , 25
_________________________________________ . ,(2001). : , , , . , , . . ,: . , . , .
4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae
Sonchusoleraceus
Sonchusoleraceus
. : ,,60. . , , . , . ,, 26
_________________________________________ , , . , , , . , , , ,. , ,. (Urospermum picroides), , . , (2001). : ., . , , , . . . ,, . ,: , . . . ,. ,, , (2003). , .
27
_________________________________________ .
4.1.6 , , , .DaucuscarottaApiaceae Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta
. : ,, 60 . , . Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta .
,,,,. , ,,. ,,, , . . , , ( 2001). : , . , ,, . 28
_________________________________________ ,,. . ,: . , . . . ,,,,,,,, , , , , (). ( 2003). . , .. , .,.
4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae
Alliumporrum
Alliumporrum
29
_________________________________________ . :,, .45., , , , , . 25. , , , , ( 2001).. . : . ., . , ., , . , : (, , , .) ., . , ., , , , , , . , (2003).
30
_________________________________________ , , ., ,.
4.1.8
,
,
.
CichoriumintybusAsteraceae
Cichoriumintybus
Cichoriumintybus
. : ,
, . (Cichorium intybus), , , , , (C. Spinosum), , . . ,, 1..,. ,,. ,, , . ,, ..
31
_________________________________________ , , , (2001). , , ,. : . . , : .. . . , . ,. , , , , ,
.4.. ., . , , , ,,. , , , , , , (2003). , , , .
4.1.9.Cichoriumspinosum Asteraceae
32
_________________________________________
Cichoriumspinosum
Cichoriumspinosum
. : , , , 418 . . . , . :(!) 1000... ,: . E , .Cichoriumintypus. , .
4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae
33
_________________________________________
Sylibummarianum
Sylibummarianum
. : , . ,,,, , , , , .,, 4 . 25. : , . , : : , , . . . , . , .
34
_________________________________________ , , . (, , , ) (, , ). .
4.1.11 , . Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae
Portulacaoleracea
Portulacaoleracea
. : , , 20 . . , , , , ,. , , , , , 23 .(2001). ,, , ,,.
35
_________________________________________ : . , : , . , . , ., ,. . , ,. , . , ,, .
4.1.12 , , , ,.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae
36
_________________________________________
Muscaricomosus
Muscaricomosus
. : ,,1550., .3720.,, .,. ,,,6 , . ,. : , , . ,, ,. .,. ,. ,. ,. ,:. , ., ,., , . 37
_________________________________________ ,,,. . ,,. , , , ,,. . (2003).
4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae
Brassicanigra
Brassicanigra
. : , , , , . , , , . .79.. , , , , . :. ,: . , . . , 38
_________________________________________ . Sinapisalba. . ( 2003). , , (, ,).
4.1.14,,Hirsch feldiaincanaBrassicaceae
Hirschfeldiaincana
Hirschfeldiaincana
. :1.,, , . , , 5,, ,. .5.,. 812.,,,. : . ,:,, .. 39
_________________________________________ , . ,.
4.1.15 , . Raphanus raphanis trumBrassicaceae
Raphanusraphanistrum
Raphanusraphanistrum
. :,3060.,. ,,, .2530., . 80 ., . : , . , : Raphanus sativa , . . ,. :. 40
_________________________________________ . (). ,, .,(Sinapis) ,. . , , , . 34 , 2 . ,. ,,, .
4.1.16 , , , .SinapisalbaBrassicaceae
Sinapisalba
Sinapisalba
. :,,, 80.Sinapisarvensis, 41
_________________________________________ ,,.. , . . ,2030%. :,,. , : . . , , , , . , . , ., . , .. ! . ,. . , , ,, ,. Sinapis arvensis () Sinapis alba ., . .
4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae
42
_________________________________________
Reichardiapicroides
. : , 545 . , . . , . 30.. : . , : . . ., . , .
4.1.18 , . Pimpinella tragiumApiaceae
Pimpinellatragium Pimpinellatragium
. 43
_________________________________________ : , , , ,,.1015., , 5 ., , .35. :. ,: . , . ,, ,.. , , , ( ).
4.1.19,.Tordyliumapulum Apiaceae
Tordyliumapulum
Tordyliumapulum
. :,,15. . ,. , . 44
_________________________________________ , , , . , . , ,, (2001). :, ., ., . ,:, ,. , ., ., .
4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae
Prasiummajus
Prasiummajus
. : 1., , .,25.,, .121723., 45
_________________________________________ ,.10 . : , . , : ,, ., . , . (50.), ,. , ,.
4.1.21
.
Rumex
conglomerates
Polygonaceae
Rumexconglomerates
Rumexconglomerates
. :, . 30100 ., , .
46
_________________________________________ . , ,. : ,,. , : , , . . , . , , , ( 2003). .
4.1.22
.
Chrysanthemum
coronarium
Asteraceae
Chrysanthemumcoro
Chrysanthemumcoro narium
narium
. :,80.,, ..56., . : . . , : ., 47
_________________________________________ . (). , , .
4.1.23 , . Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae
Foeniculumvulgare
Foeniculumvulgare
. :,2. . . , ,,, . , , ,.,, ,, . . , , .. : , . ,: , 48
_________________________________________ .. , ,. . , , , , . ( ) , , ,, (2003). . (15.,30.,), .,, . ! ,.
4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae
Petroselinumcrispum
Petroselinumcrispum
. :, ,., .,,,. ,. 49
_________________________________________ :,. ,:. , , . , . , .,. ( ).
4.1.25 , , . Scandix australisApiaceae
Scandixaustralis
Scandixaustralis
. :,510.,.24 ,8.,.13 . 14 ., . :, ., ., ,. 50
_________________________________________ . , . . ,:,, , , . , ., .,.
4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae
Nasturtiumofficinale
Nasturtiumofficinale
. :,1060.,,,, .,,,, .,.1318.,. : , , ,. , : . , ( ). ,. .
51
_________________________________________ , , , , , , , . . , , , . , (,,,) . ,, .
4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae
Oxalyspescaprae
Oxalyspescaprae
. :, . , (20.), . ,,612.5 ,22,5.,105 .. : . . Oxalys pescaprae (). 52
_________________________________________ ,:, , , , . . , . 1,25%, , . ,, .C.
4.1.28 , . Papaver rhoeas Papaveraceae
Papaverrhoeas
Papaverrhoeas
. : , , 3060 ., , , , . . ., ,.,
53
_________________________________________ . (2001). , ,, .,., , , . ,,. ,, ,810, . :, , , , .,. ,:(), ,. . , . (510 . ) (23) .,(), . !. , ,, . . , , . , . , . . ,.
54
_________________________________________
4.1.29,.Lactucaserriola Asteraceae
Lactucaserriola
Lactucaserriola
. : , , , 80 . ,,, ,.. , . . ., . : .,,. ,: ., . ,, . , A, B1, B2, C. . 55
_________________________________________
4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatumPlumbaginaceae
Limoniumsinuatum
Limoniumsinuatum
. :40.,. 315 ., . .. , . 1014 . , . : , , . ,: ,. , . , . .. .
56
_________________________________________
4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae
Erucasativa
Erucasativa
. :, 6080.. ,,,, , . , .,, , . , .. : ,, ,. . ,,. ,: . . , 57
_________________________________________ . . , ( 2003).
4.1.32
.
Tetragonolobus
purpureus
Leguminosae
Tetragonolobuspurpureus
Tetragonolobuspurpureus
. : , 1040 ., .4.,, , . 1522 ., , . 39.,,42.,, . :, . ,:. , . ( ) ..
58
_________________________________________
4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae
Betavulgaris
Betavulgaris
. :,50. , ,. , , . . , .. : . ,:, . , ,. , ( 2003).
59
_________________________________________
4.1.34 , , , . SolanumluteumSolanaceae
Solanumluteum
Solanumluteum
. :,75.. ,,. , , . 35, , , . , , .. :, , . . , : ! ! , , . ,. , , ,. (50.), . 60
_________________________________________ , , , ( 2003).
4.1.35 , , , ,,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae
Taraxacumsp.
Taraxacumsp.
. : , , . , ,,. . , . , . : , , , . , ,. ,:. ,., . 61
_________________________________________ , , , , , ,. , (,C), , . ., ,. , , . , , , ,, . (), , , . (10 . 200 . ) . , , .
4.1.36 , , , , .UrticapiluliferaUrticaceae
Urticapilulifera
Urticapilulifera
62
_________________________________________ . :,, 1,5.,. . , .. . . :, .. , , . ( ). ,: . ,. A,B,C,. C , . , , . . , , ,,, , . ., , , .
4.1.37 , , .63
_________________________________________
HelminthothecaechiodesAsteraceae
Helminthothecaechiodes
Helminthothecaechiodes
. :, 3060. ,. (), , . . :. , : ., . , , , .,,.
64
_________________________________________
5 ,, . 5.1 . ., , , , . , . , ,. , . , . , . , ,.
5.1.1 . (, 65
_________________________________________ , ) (, , , ). , , ,. ,.: , ,, ., , , , . . ,. . . , . ,. . ., , . . , , , , , , , . , . . ,.
66
_________________________________________ . , . , , ., . . , , . ,. , ., . , . , ., , . , , ( ) , . , ., .
5.1.2 ; ,, .. ,().
67
_________________________________________ , , , . , , (). . . . . ( .). . . . ( 1), .(2)
68
_________________________________________
1
2 , ( 3) (4). , ,.(5)
69
_________________________________________ . .(6)
3 .. . , , ().(7)
70
_________________________________________
4
5
71
_________________________________________ 6
7
5.2. ,. , . , . ,., . , , . , ,.
5.2.1 , ,. 72
_________________________________________ , , . , ,. .
5.3., . . ,. ,. ,. .
5.3.1 , ,, , ,. , , , ,. . , . .
73
_________________________________________ , (,), , . , . .
5.4 , . , , ()., ,, , , .
5.4.1 . , . , , . . , , . (,,) ,., . , , . . , . 74
_________________________________________ , ,. . . , .
5.5 , ,. ., . ,,, .
5.5.1 . , ., ., , ,. , , ,. , . ., .
75
_________________________________________ ., ,. ., ., ()20.
5.5.2 . . . , . , , , , , . ,, , . ,. . , . , , . , , , , ,10. , . , 20 , .. . , ,,.
76
_________________________________________ 5.5.3 , . , . . . , , , . , .. . , , . , , . , .
77
_________________________________________
6 6.1, . , , . , ., , , . , , ,,,,,,, , , , , , , . , , , ,. , .
6.2 78
_________________________________________ , , , , , . : , , , , . . . . 1000.
6.3. , . , . . :, . , , . ,. , , , . , ., ,34kg/m2 ,. 100gr/m2 . .
6.479
_________________________________________ , . . 12cm,. . , , .
6.5 , ., ., . , . . , ,. , , . , , . ., . , ,, ,.
80
_________________________________________
, . 6000 . , . , , . , , . , , , , . , . , . , . , . 81
_________________________________________ . , .
: , , ,Mystis,1998. .,,1 2, , ,1998. , ( ),1,,1991. .,., ,,1999. ., (. ). ,.1975. .,,, 2001. .,, ,2003. .,,,1997. , , ,2004. , ,,1999. .,, ,1984.
82
_________________________________________ ,, ,2006. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1987. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1998. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1996. ,, , . &.,, ,2008 http://myron4hersonissos.blogspot.com/2008/06/hkcreteisparadiseof herbages.html http://www.parnithanp.gr/index_xlorida.htm http://6teeirakl.ira.sch.gr/Projects/project2/xlorida.htm http://www.kpeneapolis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1 6&Itemid=29 http://www.creteinfo.gr/crete/geography/index.html http://www.clab.edc.uoc.gr/seminar/heraklio/lasithi/lasithi.html http://www.agrolasithi.gr/lasithi/default.aspx?Menu=LASITHI http://www.zeus.gr/gr/guide/crete/prefecture_of_lassithi.html http://kpekastor.kas.sch.gr/biod_net/schools1/agiosmironasprogramme.htm 83
_________________________________________
1 1.1 .............................................................1 1.2..............................2 1.3 ................................................................................3 2 2.1 .........................................................................................................4 2.1.1............................................................................5 2.1.2 ..............................................................................5 2.1.3 ........................................................6 2.2................................7 2.2.1 ......................................................................................7 2.2.2 .............................................................................................9 2.2.3............................................................................................9 2.2.4 ....................................................................................10 2.2.5..................................................................................................10 2.2.6..............................................................................................11 3 3.1 ....................................................................................................12 3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae) .....................................13 84
_________________________________________ 3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae) ...........................................14 3.1.3OXALIDACEAE ........................................................14 3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE .....................................................15 3.1.5SOLANACEAE ..........................................................15 3.1.6URTICACEAE............................................................16 3.1.7LILIACEAE.................................................................16 3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE ............................16 3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE...............................17 3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE .............................................17 3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE .............................................18 3.1.12PORTULACACEAE................................................18 3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae).................................18 3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE .................................................19 3.1.15POLYGONACEAE..................................................19 4 4.1 ..........................................................................................20 4.1.1,.TamuscommunisDioscoreaceae. .........................20 4.1.2 , , . Cynara cornigera Asteraceae..........................................................................................................21 4.1.3 , , , ,
.ScolymushispanicusAsteraceae ............................................23 4.1.4 , , . Urospermum picroides Asteraceae..........................................................................................................24 4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae ......................................26 4.1.6 , , , . Daucus carottaApiaceae ................................................................................................28 4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae .................................................29 4.1.8 , , . Cichorium intybus Asteraceae..........................................................................................................31 85
_________________________________________ 4.1.9.CichoriumspinosumAsteraceae .........32 4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae ......................................33 4.1.11,.PortulacaoleraceaPortulacaceae ..................35 4.1.12 , , , ,
.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae...................................................36 4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae .....................................38 4.1.14 , , Hirschfeldia incana Brassicaceae .......................................................................................................39 4.1.15,.RaphanusraphanistrumBrassicaceae.40 4.1.16 , , , . Sinapis alba Brassicaceae .......................................................................................................41 4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae .......................................42 4.1.18,.PimpinellatragiumApiaceae ........43 4.1.19,.TordyliumapulumApiaceae ...........44 4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae .............................................................45 4.1.21.RumexconglomeratesPolygonaceae .........................46 4.1.22.ChrysanthemumcoronariumAsteraceae........................47 4.1.23,.FoeniculumvulgareApiaceae .................48 4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae ...........................49 4.1.25,,.ScandixaustralisApiaceae..50 4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae ...............................51 4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae ............................................52 4.1.28,.PapaverrhoeasPapaveraceae.............53 4.1.29,.LactucaserriolaAsteraceae .........55 4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatum
Plumbaginaceae ................................................................................................56 4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae ...........................................................57 4.1.32.TetragonolobuspurpureusLeguminosae........................58 4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae..........................................59 86
_________________________________________ 4.1.34 , , , . Solanum luteum Solanaceae..........................................................................................................60 4.1.35 , , , , ,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae.....................................................61 4.1.36 , , , , . Urtica piluliferaUrticaceae...........................................................................................62 4.1.37 , , . Helminthotheca echiodesAsteraceae ...........................................................................................63 5 ,, 5.1........................................................65 5.1.1.............................................................................................65 5.1.2.............................67 5.2 .................................................................72 5.2.1 .................................72 5.3 ....................................73 5.3.1 .............73 5.4 .......................................................74 5.4.1 .......................................................................................74 5.5.............................................................75 5.5.1 ........................................................................................75 5.5.2 .................................................................................................76 5.5.3 .............................................................................................77 6 6.1 ..........................................................78 6.2.................................................................................78 6.3...................................................................................79 6.4.......................................................................................................79 87
_________________________________________ 6.5 ......................................................................80 ...........................................................................................................81 :...................................................................................................82
88
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