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1

1.1

1

_________________________________________ , . , ,, . , , , . ,, , () , , , . , , , , , , ,. , . . . ,.

1.22

_________________________________________ , . 2500 .( ,, , , ) , . . . ( , ) . (1999). . . .

1.3 . , . .

3

_________________________________________ .(, ,,,,), ,C,(), (1999). . , ,. .

2

2.1 .

4

_________________________________________ 2.1.1 6.000 , 1.100 ( & 1999). , .,, 2.4006, 2.300 16 . , . (, , ),,, , .

2.1.2 , . (2000 ) (10%).1.706( )178 38. 8.306.., 6% , 28% . , , , .

5

_________________________________________ ,, ,, . , : , , . .

2.1.3 . , , .,, , , , .. . , , . ,, ,,, ,,(, , ), . ( 40) 6 (, , , , , ) . . 2000,. 6

_________________________________________ . , , , . , , ,, . . ,,, , .

2.22000 (100) .: ,,,, .

2.2.1 . . , , . ,,,. : 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 7

_________________________________________ 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. . 22. . 23. . 24. . 25. . 26. . 27. . 28. . 29. . 30. . 31. . 32. . 33. . 34. . 35. . 36. . 37. . 38. . 39. . 40. . 41. . 42. . 43. . 44. . 8

_________________________________________ 45. . 46. . 47.

2.2.2 .

: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 2.2.3 , . . . : 1. . 9

_________________________________________ 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10.

2.2.4 .: 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16.

2.2.5 (, ,). 10

_________________________________________ : 1. (). 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. ().

2.2.6 . : 1. . 2. (). 3. . 4. . 5. (). 6. (). 7. . 8. . 9. (). 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 11

_________________________________________ 17. . 18. . 19. . 20. . 21. . 22.

3 3.1 . . ... ,, ,,.. .

12

_________________________________________ . , , . ,. , , . , . . , , . , Urospermumpicroides,Urospermumpicroides . Urospermum Urospermum picroides. Urospermumpicroides. ,, ,. , . .

3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae) steraceae . , (. ). , , , . , , , , 13

_________________________________________ . , . , , . . ( 1991). 1100 20000 . : Cichorium intybus, Cichorium spinosum, Cynara cornigera, Reichardia picroides, Scolymus hispanicus, Sonchus oleraceus, Urospermum picroides, Sylibum marianum, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Lactuca serriola,Taraxacumsp,Helminthothecaechiodes.

3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae) Lamiaceae , ., ,. .,,. . , , (2+3). 24.,, 2. . 4 ( 1991). 2003200, , , , . :Pra siummajus.

3.1.3OXALIDACEAE Oxalidaceae . 34. .5 .10.5 5 . , 14

_________________________________________ (1991).3 875.: Oxalispescaprae.

3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE Papaveraceae , , ,, . , , . , . . , , .2 4 . . 220. ,. (1975).23200. :Pa paverrhoeas.

3.1.5SOLANACEAE Solanaceae , , , , . . ..5. , , , 5 . , , . . .(1975). 852800. oooo:Solanumluteum.

15

_________________________________________ 3.1.6URTICACEAE Urticaceae , , . , . . , . , 4 (2+2). , . . (1975).49550. oooo:Urticapilu lifera.

3.1.7LILIACEAE Liliaceae , . , . , , .12,10, 8,6,4,3.3. 13. ( 1975). 280 4000 ,. :Alliumporrum, Muscaricomosus.

3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE , , . 3 16

_________________________________________ , . . , , . . 1010. . . (1991).550 13000. :Tetragonolobuspurpureus.

3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE , . , . ,. , , . . , . .5. .2 . 2 ( 1975). :Daucuscarotta,Pimpinellatragium,Tordyliumapulum,Foeniculumvul gare,Petroselinumcrispum,Scandixaustralis.

3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE , , . . 17

_________________________________________ ., . .23 , .13. ( 1998). :Beta vulgaris

3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE ., ,.5 ., .. .55. ,, , , ( 1998). :Limoniumsinuatum.

3.1.12PORTULACACEAE , . . 2 46 . , 3 ( 1998). :Por tulacaoleracea.

3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae) , ..4 ,,4. ,2, . , , , 18

_________________________________________ ( 1991). : Nasturium officinale, Brassica nigra, Hirschfeldiaincana,Raphanusraphanistrum,Sinapisalba,Erucasativa.

3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE H , . , , .,(1998). : Tamus com munis.

3.1.15POLYGONACEAE , , . , , , , . , ,. , ( 1998). :Rumexconglomerates.

19

_________________________________________

4 4.1. ,, . ( ,,,). , . .:

4.1.1 , . Tamus communis Dio scoreaceae.`

20

_________________________________________ Tamuscommunis Tamuscommunis

. : ,,,4., . , , . ,,,,. ,,6 ,6,. ,16.,1.1015 .,. : , , , . ,:, . , . ! . . . ,.

4.1.2

,

,

.

CynaracornigeraAsteraceae

21

_________________________________________

Cynaracornigera

Cynaracornigera

. :(),, 2 . , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . , , . (300400), , ,(2001). . . , , . : ., ,. , : , . , , 22

_________________________________________ , , , (2003). , , . , , (, ). , , , . ,, . , , . , , , . !!! . ,.

4.1.3

,

,

, hispanicus

, Asteraceae

.

Scolymus

Scolymushispanicus

23

_________________________________________ . : ,, 1 . . , , ,. , , . , , , . , , .. . ,, , (2001). : , ,,, . , . , : , .,, . . , . , . ! (2003).

4.1.4

,

,

.

UrospermumpicroidesAsteraceae

24

_________________________________________

Urospermumpicroides

. : , , 2050 . . , . , . ., , , , , ,. , . . , , , ,. , , ,. , ,. (Sonchus oleraceus), , 25

_________________________________________ . ,(2001). : , , , . , , . . ,: . , . , .

4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae

Sonchusoleraceus

Sonchusoleraceus

. : ,,60. . , , . , . ,, 26

_________________________________________ , , . , , , . , , , ,. , ,. (Urospermum picroides), , . , (2001). : ., . , , , . . . ,, . ,: , . . . ,. ,, , (2003). , .

27

_________________________________________ .

4.1.6 , , , .DaucuscarottaApiaceae Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta

. : ,, 60 . , . Daucuscarotta Daucuscarotta .

,,,,. , ,,. ,,, , . . , , ( 2001). : , . , ,, . 28

_________________________________________ ,,. . ,: . , . . . ,,,,,,,, , , , , (). ( 2003). . , .. , .,.

4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae

Alliumporrum

Alliumporrum

29

_________________________________________ . :,, .45., , , , , . 25. , , , , ( 2001).. . : . ., . , ., , . , : (, , , .) ., . , ., , , , , , . , (2003).

30

_________________________________________ , , ., ,.

4.1.8

,

,

.

CichoriumintybusAsteraceae

Cichoriumintybus

Cichoriumintybus

. : ,

, . (Cichorium intybus), , , , , (C. Spinosum), , . . ,, 1..,. ,,. ,, , . ,, ..

31

_________________________________________ , , , (2001). , , ,. : . . , : .. . . , . ,. , , , , ,

.4.. ., . , , , ,,. , , , , , , (2003). , , , .

4.1.9.Cichoriumspinosum Asteraceae

32

_________________________________________

Cichoriumspinosum

Cichoriumspinosum

. : , , , 418 . . . , . :(!) 1000... ,: . E , .Cichoriumintypus. , .

4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae

33

_________________________________________

Sylibummarianum

Sylibummarianum

. : , . ,,,, , , , , .,, 4 . 25. : , . , : : , , . . . , . , .

34

_________________________________________ , , . (, , , ) (, , ). .

4.1.11 , . Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae

Portulacaoleracea

Portulacaoleracea

. : , , 20 . . , , , , ,. , , , , , 23 .(2001). ,, , ,,.

35

_________________________________________ : . , : , . , . , ., ,. . , ,. , . , ,, .

4.1.12 , , , ,.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae

36

_________________________________________

Muscaricomosus

Muscaricomosus

. : ,,1550., .3720.,, .,. ,,,6 , . ,. : , , . ,, ,. .,. ,. ,. ,. ,:. , ., ,., , . 37

_________________________________________ ,,,. . ,,. , , , ,,. . (2003).

4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae

Brassicanigra

Brassicanigra

. : , , , , . , , , . .79.. , , , , . :. ,: . , . . , 38

_________________________________________ . Sinapisalba. . ( 2003). , , (, ,).

4.1.14,,Hirsch feldiaincanaBrassicaceae

Hirschfeldiaincana

Hirschfeldiaincana

. :1.,, , . , , 5,, ,. .5.,. 812.,,,. : . ,:,, .. 39

_________________________________________ , . ,.

4.1.15 , . Raphanus raphanis trumBrassicaceae

Raphanusraphanistrum

Raphanusraphanistrum

. :,3060.,. ,,, .2530., . 80 ., . : , . , : Raphanus sativa , . . ,. :. 40

_________________________________________ . (). ,, .,(Sinapis) ,. . , , , . 34 , 2 . ,. ,,, .

4.1.16 , , , .SinapisalbaBrassicaceae

Sinapisalba

Sinapisalba

. :,,, 80.Sinapisarvensis, 41

_________________________________________ ,,.. , . . ,2030%. :,,. , : . . , , , , . , . , ., . , .. ! . ,. . , , ,, ,. Sinapis arvensis () Sinapis alba ., . .

4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae

42

_________________________________________

Reichardiapicroides

. : , 545 . , . . , . 30.. : . , : . . ., . , .

4.1.18 , . Pimpinella tragiumApiaceae

Pimpinellatragium Pimpinellatragium

. 43

_________________________________________ : , , , ,,.1015., , 5 ., , .35. :. ,: . , . ,, ,.. , , , ( ).

4.1.19,.Tordyliumapulum Apiaceae

Tordyliumapulum

Tordyliumapulum

. :,,15. . ,. , . 44

_________________________________________ , , , . , . , ,, (2001). :, ., ., . ,:, ,. , ., ., .

4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae

Prasiummajus

Prasiummajus

. : 1., , .,25.,, .121723., 45

_________________________________________ ,.10 . : , . , : ,, ., . , . (50.), ,. , ,.

4.1.21

.

Rumex

conglomerates

Polygonaceae

Rumexconglomerates

Rumexconglomerates

. :, . 30100 ., , .

46

_________________________________________ . , ,. : ,,. , : , , . . , . , , , ( 2003). .

4.1.22

.

Chrysanthemum

coronarium

Asteraceae

Chrysanthemumcoro

Chrysanthemumcoro narium

narium

. :,80.,, ..56., . : . . , : ., 47

_________________________________________ . (). , , .

4.1.23 , . Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae

Foeniculumvulgare

Foeniculumvulgare

. :,2. . . , ,,, . , , ,.,, ,, . . , , .. : , . ,: , 48

_________________________________________ .. , ,. . , , , , . ( ) , , ,, (2003). . (15.,30.,), .,, . ! ,.

4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae

Petroselinumcrispum

Petroselinumcrispum

. :, ,., .,,,. ,. 49

_________________________________________ :,. ,:. , , . , . , .,. ( ).

4.1.25 , , . Scandix australisApiaceae

Scandixaustralis

Scandixaustralis

. :,510.,.24 ,8.,.13 . 14 ., . :, ., ., ,. 50

_________________________________________ . , . . ,:,, , , . , ., .,.

4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae

Nasturtiumofficinale

Nasturtiumofficinale

. :,1060.,,,, .,,,, .,.1318.,. : , , ,. , : . , ( ). ,. .

51

_________________________________________ , , , , , , , . . , , , . , (,,,) . ,, .

4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae

Oxalyspescaprae

Oxalyspescaprae

. :, . , (20.), . ,,612.5 ,22,5.,105 .. : . . Oxalys pescaprae (). 52

_________________________________________ ,:, , , , . . , . 1,25%, , . ,, .C.

4.1.28 , . Papaver rhoeas Papaveraceae

Papaverrhoeas

Papaverrhoeas

. : , , 3060 ., , , , . . ., ,.,

53

_________________________________________ . (2001). , ,, .,., , , . ,,. ,, ,810, . :, , , , .,. ,:(), ,. . , . (510 . ) (23) .,(), . !. , ,, . . , , . , . , . . ,.

54

_________________________________________

4.1.29,.Lactucaserriola Asteraceae

Lactucaserriola

Lactucaserriola

. : , , , 80 . ,,, ,.. , . . ., . : .,,. ,: ., . ,, . , A, B1, B2, C. . 55

_________________________________________

4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatumPlumbaginaceae

Limoniumsinuatum

Limoniumsinuatum

. :40.,. 315 ., . .. , . 1014 . , . : , , . ,: ,. , . , . .. .

56

_________________________________________

4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae

Erucasativa

Erucasativa

. :, 6080.. ,,,, , . , .,, , . , .. : ,, ,. . ,,. ,: . . , 57

_________________________________________ . . , ( 2003).

4.1.32

.

Tetragonolobus

purpureus

Leguminosae

Tetragonolobuspurpureus

Tetragonolobuspurpureus

. : , 1040 ., .4.,, , . 1522 ., , . 39.,,42.,, . :, . ,:. , . ( ) ..

58

_________________________________________

4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae

Betavulgaris

Betavulgaris

. :,50. , ,. , , . . , .. : . ,:, . , ,. , ( 2003).

59

_________________________________________

4.1.34 , , , . SolanumluteumSolanaceae

Solanumluteum

Solanumluteum

. :,75.. ,,. , , . 35, , , . , , .. :, , . . , : ! ! , , . ,. , , ,. (50.), . 60

_________________________________________ , , , ( 2003).

4.1.35 , , , ,,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae

Taraxacumsp.

Taraxacumsp.

. : , , . , ,,. . , . , . : , , , . , ,. ,:. ,., . 61

_________________________________________ , , , , , ,. , (,C), , . ., ,. , , . , , , ,, . (), , , . (10 . 200 . ) . , , .

4.1.36 , , , , .UrticapiluliferaUrticaceae

Urticapilulifera

Urticapilulifera

62

_________________________________________ . :,, 1,5.,. . , .. . . :, .. , , . ( ). ,: . ,. A,B,C,. C , . , , . . , , ,,, , . ., , , .

4.1.37 , , .63

_________________________________________

HelminthothecaechiodesAsteraceae

Helminthothecaechiodes

Helminthothecaechiodes

. :, 3060. ,. (), , . . :. , : ., . , , , .,,.

64

_________________________________________

5 ,, . 5.1 . ., , , , . , . , ,. , . , . , . , ,.

5.1.1 . (, 65

_________________________________________ , ) (, , , ). , , ,. ,.: , ,, ., , , , . . ,. . . , . ,. . ., , . . , , , , , , , . , . . ,.

66

_________________________________________ . , . , , ., . . , , . ,. , ., . , . , ., , . , , ( ) , . , ., .

5.1.2 ; ,, .. ,().

67

_________________________________________ , , , . , , (). . . . . ( .). . . . ( 1), .(2)

68

_________________________________________

1

2 , ( 3) (4). , ,.(5)

69

_________________________________________ . .(6)

3 .. . , , ().(7)

70

_________________________________________

4

5

71

_________________________________________ 6

7

5.2. ,. , . , . ,., . , , . , ,.

5.2.1 , ,. 72

_________________________________________ , , . , ,. .

5.3., . . ,. ,. ,. .

5.3.1 , ,, , ,. , , , ,. . , . .

73

_________________________________________ , (,), , . , . .

5.4 , . , , ()., ,, , , .

5.4.1 . , . , , . . , , . (,,) ,., . , , . . , . 74

_________________________________________ , ,. . . , .

5.5 , ,. ., . ,,, .

5.5.1 . , ., ., , ,. , , ,. , . ., .

75

_________________________________________ ., ,. ., ., ()20.

5.5.2 . . . , . , , , , , . ,, , . ,. . , . , , . , , , , ,10. , . , 20 , .. . , ,,.

76

_________________________________________ 5.5.3 , . , . . . , , , . , .. . , , . , , . , .

77

_________________________________________

6 6.1, . , , . , ., , , . , , ,,,,,,, , , , , , , . , , , ,. , .

6.2 78

_________________________________________ , , , , , . : , , , , . . . . 1000.

6.3. , . , . . :, . , , . ,. , , , . , ., ,34kg/m2 ,. 100gr/m2 . .

6.479

_________________________________________ , . . 12cm,. . , , .

6.5 , ., ., . , . . , ,. , , . , , . ., . , ,, ,.

80

_________________________________________

, . 6000 . , . , , . , , . , , , , . , . , . , . , . 81

_________________________________________ . , .

: , , ,Mystis,1998. .,,1 2, , ,1998. , ( ),1,,1991. .,., ,,1999. ., (. ). ,.1975. .,,, 2001. .,, ,2003. .,,,1997. , , ,2004. , ,,1999. .,, ,1984.

82

_________________________________________ ,, ,2006. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1987. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1998. , , . EFSTASIADIS GROUP,1996. ,, , . &.,, ,2008 http://myron4hersonissos.blogspot.com/2008/06/hkcreteisparadiseof herbages.html http://www.parnithanp.gr/index_xlorida.htm http://6teeirakl.ira.sch.gr/Projects/project2/xlorida.htm http://www.kpeneapolis.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1 6&Itemid=29 http://www.creteinfo.gr/crete/geography/index.html http://www.clab.edc.uoc.gr/seminar/heraklio/lasithi/lasithi.html http://www.agrolasithi.gr/lasithi/default.aspx?Menu=LASITHI http://www.zeus.gr/gr/guide/crete/prefecture_of_lassithi.html http://kpekastor.kas.sch.gr/biod_net/schools1/agiosmironasprogramme.htm 83

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1 1.1 .............................................................1 1.2..............................2 1.3 ................................................................................3 2 2.1 .........................................................................................................4 2.1.1............................................................................5 2.1.2 ..............................................................................5 2.1.3 ........................................................6 2.2................................7 2.2.1 ......................................................................................7 2.2.2 .............................................................................................9 2.2.3............................................................................................9 2.2.4 ....................................................................................10 2.2.5..................................................................................................10 2.2.6..............................................................................................11 3 3.1 ....................................................................................................12 3.1.1COMPOSITAE(Asteraceae) .....................................13 84

_________________________________________ 3.1.2LABIATAE(Lamiaceae) ...........................................14 3.1.3OXALIDACEAE ........................................................14 3.1.4PAPAVERACEAE .....................................................15 3.1.5SOLANACEAE ..........................................................15 3.1.6URTICACEAE............................................................16 3.1.7LILIACEAE.................................................................16 3.1.8LEGUMINOSAEFABACEAE ............................16 3.1.9APIACEAEUMBELIFERAE...............................17 3.1.10CHENOPODIACEAE .............................................17 3.1.11PLUMBAGINACEAE .............................................18 3.1.12PORTULACACEAE................................................18 3.1.13CRUCIFERAE(Brassicaceae).................................18 3.1.14DIOSCOREACEAE .................................................19 3.1.15POLYGONACEAE..................................................19 4 4.1 ..........................................................................................20 4.1.1,.TamuscommunisDioscoreaceae. .........................20 4.1.2 , , . Cynara cornigera Asteraceae..........................................................................................................21 4.1.3 , , , ,

.ScolymushispanicusAsteraceae ............................................23 4.1.4 , , . Urospermum picroides Asteraceae..........................................................................................................24 4.1.5,.SonchusoleraceusAsteraceae ......................................26 4.1.6 , , , . Daucus carottaApiaceae ................................................................................................28 4.1.7.AlliumporrumLiliaceae .................................................29 4.1.8 , , . Cichorium intybus Asteraceae..........................................................................................................31 85

_________________________________________ 4.1.9.CichoriumspinosumAsteraceae .........32 4.1.10.SylibummarianumAsteraceae ......................................33 4.1.11,.PortulacaoleraceaPortulacaceae ..................35 4.1.12 , , , ,

.MuscaricomosusLiliaceae...................................................36 4.1.13.BrassicanigraBrassicaceae .....................................38 4.1.14 , , Hirschfeldia incana Brassicaceae .......................................................................................................39 4.1.15,.RaphanusraphanistrumBrassicaceae.40 4.1.16 , , , . Sinapis alba Brassicaceae .......................................................................................................41 4.1.17.ReichardiapicroidesAsteraceae .......................................42 4.1.18,.PimpinellatragiumApiaceae ........43 4.1.19,.TordyliumapulumApiaceae ...........44 4.1.20 , , , .PrasiummajusLamiaceae .............................................................45 4.1.21.RumexconglomeratesPolygonaceae .........................46 4.1.22.ChrysanthemumcoronariumAsteraceae........................47 4.1.23,.FoeniculumvulgareApiaceae .................48 4.1.24.PetroselinumcrispumApiaceae ...........................49 4.1.25,,.ScandixaustralisApiaceae..50 4.1.26.NasturtiumofficinaleCruciferae ...............................51 4.1.27.OxalyspescapraeOxalidaceae ............................................52 4.1.28,.PapaverrhoeasPapaveraceae.............53 4.1.29,.LactucaserriolaAsteraceae .........55 4.1.30 , , . Limonium sinuatum

Plumbaginaceae ................................................................................................56 4.1.31.ErucasativaBrassicaceae ...........................................................57 4.1.32.TetragonolobuspurpureusLeguminosae........................58 4.1.33.BetavulgarisChenopodiaceae..........................................59 86

_________________________________________ 4.1.34 , , , . Solanum luteum Solanaceae..........................................................................................................60 4.1.35 , , , , ,.Taraxacumsp.Asteraceae.....................................................61 4.1.36 , , , , . Urtica piluliferaUrticaceae...........................................................................................62 4.1.37 , , . Helminthotheca echiodesAsteraceae ...........................................................................................63 5 ,, 5.1........................................................65 5.1.1.............................................................................................65 5.1.2.............................67 5.2 .................................................................72 5.2.1 .................................72 5.3 ....................................73 5.3.1 .............73 5.4 .......................................................74 5.4.1 .......................................................................................74 5.5.............................................................75 5.5.1 ........................................................................................75 5.5.2 .................................................................................................76 5.5.3 .............................................................................................77 6 6.1 ..........................................................78 6.2.................................................................................78 6.3...................................................................................79 6.4.......................................................................................................79 87

_________________________________________ 6.5 ......................................................................80 ...........................................................................................................81 :...................................................................................................82

88