ZEPHIR @PassiEXPO 2013
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Transcript of ZEPHIR @PassiEXPO 2013
Αθήνα 25/10/2013
© ZEPHIR 2013
Αθήνα 25/10/2013
© ZEPHIR 2013
The importance of Climatic Data
Zero Energy and Passivhaus Institute for Research
Dr. Phys. Francesco Nesi
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
The ZEPHIR Institute is the Italian iPHA Affiliate.
PH CertificationSolar modeling
PHPP, CEPH Training
Dynamical thermo-
hygrometrical simulations
Research
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
The Climate sheet in PHPP 8
Among the first sheets, this stresses the importance of climatic data
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
The Climate sheet in PHPP 8
Let's take a closer look!
Average values for the different months of the year
Annual Heating/Cooling demand
Extreme values worst cases throughout the year (2 days)
Heating/Cooling Load
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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© ZEPHIR 2013
The climate data set
Month 1 2 3
Days 31 28 31
User data - Coredo MN7 Latitude: 46.3 Longitude °
Ambient temp -1.7 0.3 4.0North 12 16 25East 39 49 78
South 123 123 139West 41 51 84Global 53 72 121
Dew point -6.7 -5.7 -3.2Sky temp -17.2 -15.6 -12.3
Ambient temperature
• Dry bulb temperature• Easy to get• Available in all the
meteorological station
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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© ZEPHIR 2013
The climate data set
Month 1 2 3
Days 31 28 31
User data - Coredo MN7 Latitude: 46.3 Longitude °
Ambient temp -1.7 0.3 4.0North 12 16 25East 39 49 78
South 123 123 139West 41 51 84Global 53 72 121
Dew point -6.7 -5.7 -3.2Sky temp -17.2 -15.6 -12.3
Solar Radiation
• Global solar radiation on a horizontal surface and on a vertical surface oriented towards North, East, South and West
• More difficult to get• Usually available only the
global radiation on the horizontal plane
• The radiation on the vertical surfaces is not directly measured and has to be derived using theoretical models
(Erb's Model, Perez Model)
Reflected
Direct
Diffuse
Global = Diffuse + Direct + Reflected
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
The climate data set
Month 1 2 3
Days 31 28 31
User data - Coredo MN7 Latitude: 46.3 Longitude °
Ambient temp -1.7 0.3 4.0North 12 16 25East 39 49 78
South 123 123 139West 41 51 84Global 53 72 121
Dew point -6.7 -5.7 -3.2Sky temp -17.2 -15.6 -12.3
Dew Point temperature
• Required for dehumidification calculation and, if so, for calculation of sky temperature
• Calculated from relative humidity and ambient temperature
where
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
The climate data set
Month 1 2 3
Days 31 28 31
User data - Coredo MN7 Latitude: 46.3 Longitude °
Ambient temp -1.7 0.3 4.0North 12 16 25East 39 49 78
South 123 123 139West 41 51 84Global 53 72 121
Dew point -6.7 -5.7 -3.2Sky temp -17.2 -15.6 -12.3
Sky temperature
• Required for radiation correction in heat transfer calculations
• Can be estimated by PHPP from dew point temperature and ambient temperature
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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© ZEPHIR 2013
The climate data set
Heating Load data
Month Heating load Cooling load
Days Weather 1 Weather 2 Weather 1 Weather 2[IT] - Trentino-Trento Radiation: W/m² Radiation: W/m²
Ambient temp -7.1 -2.2 19.3 19.3North ... 16 13 71 71East 44 21 172 172
South 156 58 129 129West 49 26 145 145
Global 68 37 259 259
• Difficult to get, a dynamical simulation is needed
• Different from standard design data
• The heating loads data are represented by two set of temperatures and radiations corresponding to the most unfavorable days of the year Day 1
Cold, sunnyDay 2Moderate cold, cloudy
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Window area [m²]
He
at
Lo
ad
[W
/m²]
Heat load
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Window area [m²]
He
at
Lo
ad
[W
/m²]
Heat load
Heating Load Data• Depending on the south facing window area of the building the maximum
heating load occurs on Day 1 or on Day 2• The dependence on other parameters is linear
Day 1 Day 2
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Window area [m²]
He
at
Lo
ad
[W
/m²]
Heat load
Day 2
Day 1
Periode 2: mäßig kalt, bewölkt
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Window area [m²]
He
at
Lo
ad
[W
/m²]
Heat load
Day 2
Day 1
Periode 2: mäßig kalt, bewölkt
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Window area [m²]
He
at
Lo
ad
[W
/m²]
Heat load
Day 2
Day 1
Periode 2: mäßig kalt, bewölktDay 1 Cold and sunny Day 2 Moderate cold, cloudy
Source: CEPH Course
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© ZEPHIR 2013
Source: Bisanz, Carsten: "Heizlastauslegung im Niedrigenergie- und Passivhaus", diploma thesis 1998
Procedure: general idea
• Consider a typical Passivhaus with a given conductance • Identify the two unfavorable days (Day 1, Day 2) with a dynamical simulation• Determine the daily heating load in the two days with a dynamical simulation • Change the conductance new dynamical simulation • Calculate the external ambient temperature as follows
)/ • A similar procedure is adapted for the solar radiation data
Heating Load Data
Analogous procedure for cooling load data
Source: www.passivhaustagung.de
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Which data to use?
Possible source: GROUND STATIONS
Source: PCE Italia
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Which data to use?
Possible source: METONORM
Source: Meteonorm 7
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Which data to use?
Possible source: PASSIPEDIA [NASA]
Source: Passipedia
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Possible source: NATIONAL NORMS
Which data to use?
Source: UNI 10349:1994
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Location: Coredo, Trento, Italy (Lat. 46.347 Lon. 11.09 Elevation 815 m)
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Source: Google Earth
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© ZEPHIR 2013
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area
Treated floor area 137.0 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*
Space heating Heating demand 15.8 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) no
Heating load 11.8 W/m2 10 W/m² no
Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand kWh/(m2a) - -
Cooling load W/m2 - -
Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) 13.0 % - -
Primary energyHeating, cooling,
auxiliary electricity,dehumidif ication, DHW,
lighting, electrical appliances kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a)
DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity kWh/(m2a) - -
Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity 41.9 kWh/(m2a) - -
Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.4 1/h 0.6 1/h yes
* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement
Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area
Treated floor area 137.0 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*
Space heating Heating demand 5.9 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) yes
Heating load 10.5 W/m2 10 W/m² -
Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand kWh/(m2a) - -
Cooling load W/m2 - -
Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) 0.0 % - -
Primary energyHeating, cooling,
auxiliary electricity,dehumidif ication, DHW,
lighting, electrical appliances 44.8 kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a) yes
DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity 18.5 kWh/(m2a) - -
Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity 48.8 kWh/(m2a) - -
Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.4 1/h 0.6 1/h yes
* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement
Location: Coredo, Trento, Italy (Lat. 46.347 Lon. 11.09 Elevation 815 m)
• Source: Passipedia
• Source: Meteonorm 7
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Large difference in the South Radiation, especially in the coldest month of the year
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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© ZEPHIR 2013
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Energy balance heating (annual method)
• Source: Meteonorm 7• Source: Passipedia
Solar gains: 28.1 vs 44.3
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
Location: Ancona, Italy (Lat. 43.616 Lon. 13.519 Elevation 34 m)
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Source: Google Earth
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area
Treated floor area 156.0 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*
Space heating Heating demand 9 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) yes
Heating load 12 W/m2 10 W/m² -
Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand 16 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) no
Cooling load 16 W/m2 10 W/m² no
Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) % - -
Primary energyHeating, cooling,
auxiliary electricity,dehumidif ication, DHW,
lighting, electrical appliances 63 kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a) yes
DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity 21 kWh/(m2a) - -
Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity 38 kWh/(m2a) - -
Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.2 1/h 0.6 1/h yes
* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement
Specific building demands with reference to the treated floor area
Treated floor area 156.0 m² Requirements Fulfilled?*
Space heating Heating demand 8 kWh/(m2a) 15 kWh/(m²a) yes
Heating load 9 W/m2 10 W/m² yes
Space cooling Overall specif. space cooling demand 17 kWh/(m2a) 18 kWh/(m²a) yes
Cooling load 11 W/m2 - -
Frequency of overheating (> 25 °C) % - -
Primary energyHeating, cooling,
auxiliary electricity,dehumidif ication, DHW,
lighting, electrical appliances kWh/(m2a) 120 kWh/(m²a)
DHW, space heating and auxiliary electricity kWh/(m2a) - -
Specific primary energy reduction through solar electricity 40 kWh/(m2a) - -
Airtightness Pressurization test result n50 0.2 1/h 0.6 1/h yes
* empty field: data missing; '-': no requirement
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculationLocation: Ancona, Italy (Lat. 43.616 Lon. 13.519 Elevation 34 m)
• Source: Passipedia
• Source: Meteonorm 7
Source: PHPP8
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
Email [email protected] http://www.zephir.ph
© ZEPHIR 2013
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculation
Difference in the dew point temperature, especially in summer
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Heating Demand 15 kWh/(m²a)
or: Heating Load 10 W/m²
Overall specif. space cooling demand
(cooling+dehumidification) 15 kWh/(m²a)
+ 0.3 W/(m²aK) * GHS
[if sensible cooling demand is lower than 15 Wh/(m²a)]
o: Cooling Load 10 W/m²
andOverall specif. space
cooling demand. 4 kWh/(m²aK) * Te
+ 2 * 0.3 W/(m²aK) * GHS- 75 kWh/(m²a) 45 kWh/(m²a)
+ 0.3 W/(m²aK) * GHS
Dry degree hours
Yearly average external temp.
Example: influence of climatic data on a PHPP calculationCertification Criteria
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Possible problemsPassipedia• Low resolution of the data
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Possible problemsMeteonorm• Heating and cooling loads not calculated according to the PHI prescription
One should perform a dynamical simulation for heating and cooling loads, this is not done by
Meteonorm
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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Which data to use?One should not rely on a single data source!
Consider as many data sources as possible and make a comparison in order to verify the reliability of the climatic data!
Possible procedure
• collect all the available climatic data from different sources• convert the data in the PHPP format• compare the datasets and exclude possible wrong data, i.e data
which are numerically distant from the others: this can be done by means of a mathematical procedure called "outlier detection" Random error analysis Grubbs test Chauvanet's criterion
• consider the dataset which better reproduces the average value of the correct datasets
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© ZEPHIR 2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
50
100
150
200
250
300 MN7
CTI
Passipedia
UNI 10349 1
UNI 10349 2
Final Set
Month
Glo
bal R
adia
tion
Generation of a set of climatic data
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© ZEPHIR 2013
Conclusions
• Climatic data play a central role in the design of a Passivhaus• One cannot rely on a single source. Consider and compare as many
sources as possible
Outlook• We are working in order to validate new climatic data and enhance
the available climatic data for Italy• Ongoing collaboration with PHI and Meteonorm
Αθήνα, 25/10/2013
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© ZEPHIR 2013
Let's do something better……
THANK YOU!
Dr. Phys. Francesco NesiDirector
Mobile: +39 346 6247437Email: [email protected]