WIND POWER - Statkraft
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π π Windπturbinesπproduceπelectricityπ byπconvertingπtheπkineticπenergyπ ofπtheπwindπintoπelectricalπpower. π π Windπpowerπisπrenewableπandπhasπ zeroπemissions. π π Windπpowerπisπtheπworld’sπfastestπ growingπsourceπofπenergy,πandπ isπmostπwidelyπusedπinπtheπUS,π Germany,πChina,πSpainπandπIndia. π π Statkraftπownsπandπoperatesπthreeπ windπfarmsπinπNorway:πSmøla,π HitraπandπKjøllefjord,πandπoneπinπ Wales:πAlltwalisπWindπFarm.π π π Statkraftπisπdevelopingπwindπ powerπprojectsπinπNorway,π SwedenπandπtheπUK. WIND POWER Wind power is one of the most environment-friendly sources of energy for large-scale electricity production. It is a renewable form of energy that produces no pollution. Wind turbines produce electricity by convert- ing the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical power. The best available wind resources in Europe are found in Norway and the UK. POWER PRODUCTION FROM WIND Theπrotorπbladesπonπaπwindπturbineπtrans- ferπtheπpowerπofπtheπwindπviaπaπdriveπ shaftπandπgearπboxπtoπaπgeneratorπinπtheπ nacelle.πTheπrotorπbladesπareπadjustableπ toπproduceπtheπlargestπamountπofπelec- tricity,πregardlesπofπwhetherπtheπwindπisπ blowingπhardπorπgently. Whenπtheπwindπisπblowingπfasterπthanππ 3πm/s,πtheπnacelleπturnsπsoπthatπtheπ rotorπbladesπareπfacingπtheπwindπandπ electricityπproductionπbegins.πMaximumπ outputπisπreachedπwhenπtheπwindπisπ blowingπatπ13m/s.πAtπ25m/sπtheπwindπ turbineπshutsπdownπtoπpreventπdamageπ toπtheπmachinery. Theπheightπofπtheπtower,πtheπdiameterππ ofπtheπrotorπbladesπandπtheπpowerπout- putπcanπvary.πMostπofπtheπturbinesπinπ Statkraft’sπwindπfarmsπhaveπanπinstalledπ capacityπofπ2.3πMW.πTheπtowersπareπ70π mπhigh.πTheπrotorsπareπ83πmπinπdiameter,π andπeachπturbineπweighsπjustπoverπ260π tonnesπinπtotal. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Allπlarge-scaleπenergyπproductionπhasπanπ impactπonπtheπenvironment.πWindπfarmsπ areπhighlyπvisibleπinπtheπlandscape.πAn- otherπchallengeπisπtoπavoidπspoilingπareasπ ofπpristineπnatureπorπtheπhabitatsπofπ threatenedπbirdπorπanimalπspecies. Windπfarmsπmustπbeπlocatedπwhereπtheπ windπblows.πTheyπgenerallyπstandπex- posedπinπtheπlandscapeπbecauseπtheyππ areπbuiltπonπhighπgroundπorπinπflat,πopenπ countryside.πHowever,πitπhasπbeenππ shownπthatπsimpleπadjustmentsπandππ adaptationsπcanπbeπimplementedπtoππ mitigateπtheπvisualπimpactπofπtheπwindπ farmsπonπtheπsurroundingπarea.π Toπimproveπtheπgeneralπlevelπofπknow- ledgeπaboutπtheπimpactπofπwindπfarmsππ onπlocalπbirdlife,πStatkraftπisπworkingπ withπseveralπresearchπinstitutions.πHowπ theπseaπeagleπpopulationπonπSmølaπisππ affectedπandπhowπtoπavoidπbirdπcasual- tiesπisπaπkeyπelementπinπtheπresearch. FACTS Wing Main axle Gear Tower Nave Generator Mechanical brake Rotorπdiameter: 82-93πm Towerπheight: 63-70πm
Transcript of WIND POWER - Statkraft
ππ Windπturbinesπproduceπelectricityπbyπconvertingπtheπkineticπenergyπofπtheπwindπintoπelectricalπpower.
ππ Windπpowerπisπrenewableπandπhasπzeroπemissions.
ππ Windπpowerπisπtheπworld’sπfastestπgrowingπsourceπofπenergy,πandπisπmostπwidelyπusedπinπtheπUS,πGermany,πChina,πSpainπandπIndia.
ππ StatkraftπownsπandπoperatesπthreeπwindπfarmsπinπNorway:πSmøla,πHitraπandπKjøllefjord,πandπoneπinπWales:πAlltwalisπWindπFarm.π
ππ StatkraftπisπdevelopingπwindπpowerπprojectsπinπNorway,πSwedenπandπtheπUK.
Wind poWerWind power is one of the most environment-friendly sources of energy for large-scale electricity production. It is a renewable form of energy that produces no pollution. Wind turbines produce electricity by convert-ing the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical power. The best available wind resources in Europe are found in Norway and the UK.
Power Production from windTheπrotorπbladesπonπaπwindπturbineπtrans-ferπtheπpowerπofπtheπwindπviaπaπdriveπshaftπandπgearπboxπtoπaπgeneratorπinπtheπnacelle.πTheπrotorπbladesπareπadjustableπtoπproduceπtheπlargestπamountπofπelec-tricity,πregardlesπofπwhetherπtheπwindπisπblowingπhardπorπgently.
Whenπtheπwindπisπblowingπfasterπthanππ3πm/s,πtheπnacelleπturnsπsoπthatπtheπrotorπbladesπareπfacingπtheπwindπandπelectricityπproductionπbegins.πMaximumπoutputπisπreachedπwhenπtheπwindπisπblowingπatπ13m/s.πAtπ25m/sπtheπwindπturbineπshutsπdownπtoπpreventπdamageπtoπtheπmachinery.
Theπheightπofπtheπtower,πtheπdiameterππofπtheπrotorπbladesπandπtheπpowerπout-putπcanπvary.πMostπofπtheπturbinesπinπStatkraft’sπwindπfarmsπhaveπanπinstalledπcapacityπofπ2.3πMW.πTheπtowersπareπ70πmπhigh.πTheπrotorsπareπ83πmπinπdiameter,πandπeachπturbineπweighsπjustπoverπ260πtonnesπinπtotal.
environmental asPectsAllπlarge-scaleπenergyπproductionπhasπanπimpactπonπtheπenvironment.πWindπfarmsπareπhighlyπvisibleπinπtheπlandscape.πAn-otherπchallengeπisπtoπavoidπspoilingπareasπofπpristineπnatureπorπtheπhabitatsπofπthreatenedπbirdπorπanimalπspecies.
Windπfarmsπmustπbeπlocatedπwhereπtheπwindπblows.πTheyπgenerallyπstandπex-posedπinπtheπlandscapeπbecauseπtheyππareπbuiltπonπhighπgroundπorπinπflat,πopenπcountryside.πHowever,πitπhasπbeenππshownπthatπsimpleπadjustmentsπandππadaptationsπcanπbeπimplementedπtoππmitigateπtheπvisualπimpactπofπtheπwindπfarmsπonπtheπsurroundingπarea.π
Toπimproveπtheπgeneralπlevelπofπknow-ledgeπaboutπtheπimpactπofπwindπfarmsππonπlocalπbirdlife,πStatkraftπisπworkingπwithπseveralπresearchπinstitutions.πHowπtheπseaπeagleπpopulationπonπSmølaπisππaffectedπandπhowπtoπavoidπbirdπcasual-tiesπisπaπkeyπelementπinπtheπresearch.
WIND POWER
FACTS
Wing Main axle Gear
TowerNave
Generator
Mechanical brake
Rotorπdiameter:82-93πm
Towerπheight:63-70πm
smøla wind farm, norwaYTheπSmølaπWindπFarmπcomprisesπ68πwindπturbinesπwithπaπcombinedπcapacityπofπ150πMW.πTheπannualπproductionπisπaboutπ450πGWh,πcorrespondingπtoπtheπaverageπelec-tricityπconsumptionπofπ22π500πNorwegianπhouseholds.πTheπsiteπliesπinπaπflat,πopenπcountry,π10-40πmetersπaboveπseaπlevel,πwithπtheπwindπturbinesπbuiltπalongπridgesπinπtheπterrain.πTheπwindπturbinesπinπeachπrowπstandπ240-350πmetersπapart.πTheπdistanceπbetweenπtheπrowsπvariesπfromπ700-800πmeters.πRoadsπhaveπbeenπbuiltπtoπeachπofπtheπwindπturbines.πCablesπhaveπbeenπlaidπinπtheπroadsπfromπtheπturbinesπtoπaπcentrallyπlocatedπtransformer.π
sheringham shoal offshore wind farm, englandStatkraftπandπStatoilπareπconstructingπtheπ317πMWπSheringhamπShoalπOffshoreπWindπFarm.πTheπsiteπisπlocatedπ17-23πkilometersπ
offπtheπcoastπofπNorfolk,πinπtheπGreaterπWashπeastπofπEngland.πTheπwindπfarmπwillπconsistπofπ88πxπ3.6πMWπturbines,πandπtheπelectricityπproductionπisπexpectedπtoπbeπaroundπ1.1πTWhπeachπyear,πenoughπtoπpowerπaroundπ220,000πBritishπhomes.π
TotalπinvestmentsπareπestimatedπatππapproximatelyπNOKπ10πbillion.ππInstallationπofπturbineπfoundationsππstartedπinπJuneπ2010,πandπtheπwindππfarmπisπplannedπtoπbeπcompletedπbyππtheπendπofπ2011.
ππ statkraft decision Inπ1997,πStatkraftπdecidedπtoπincludeπwindπpowerπasπpartπofπtheπcompany’sπportfolioπandπstartedπprojectπdevelopment.
ππ opening of smøla i Norway’sπKingπHaraldπopenedπStatkraft’sπandπNorway’sπfirstπlargeπwindπfarm,πSmølaπI,πwithπ20πwindπturbines,πinπ2002.
ππ opening of hitra TheπHitraπWindπFarm,πwithπaπtotalπinstalledπcapacityπofπ55πMW,πwasπopenedπinπOctoberπ2004.
ππ opening of smøla ii WhenπtheπsecondπphaseπofπtheππSmølaπWindπFarmπfacilityπwasπcompletedπinπtheπautumnπofπ2005,πtheπwindπfarmπbecameπforπsomeπyearsπEurope’sπlargestπland-basedπwindπfarm.
ππ london office Inπtheπspringπofπ2006,πStatkraftπopenedπanπofficeπinπLondonπtoπpursueπtheπdevelop-mentπtargetsπforπwindπpowerπinπtheπUK.
ππ opening of Kjøllefjord KjøllefjordπWindπFarmπopenedπinπOctoberπ2006,πwithπaπtotalπinstalledπcapacityπofπ39πMW.
ππ first licence in the uK InπMarchπ2007,πStatkraftπwasπgivenπtheπlicenceπtoπbuildπaπwindπfarmπinπWales.πTheπfollowingπyearsπStatkraftπreceivedπseveralπlicencesπinπEnglandπandπScotlandπinπco-operationπwithπdifferentπpartners.
ππ entering swedenInπSeptember2007πStatkraftπandπSwedishπcompanyπSCAπestablishedπaπcommonπwindπpowerπcompanyπwhichπisπdevelopingπsixπwindπpowerπprojectsπinπSweden.πInπaddition,πStatkraftπandπSödraπhasπestablishedπaπcompanyπtoπdevelopπwindπpowerπprojectsπinπtheπsouthπofπSweden.πEmπWindπFarmπ(9.2πMW)πisπcurrentlyπunderπconstruction.
ππ cooperation in norway InπAugustπ2008πStatkraftπandπAgderπEnergiπestablishedπaπcommonπwindπ
powerπcompany.πSAEπVindπDAπwillπhandleπallπnewπonshoreπwindπpowerπprojectsπinπNorway.
ππ first offshore wind farm InπAprilπ2009πStatkraftπandπStatoilππjoinedπforcesπtoπbuildπtheπ317πMWπSheringhamπShoalπOffshoreπWindππFarmπoffπtheπcoastπofπNorfolk,πEngland.ππ(www.sheringhamshoal.com)
ππ dogger Bank Statkraft,πStatoil,πSSPπandπRWEπhasπestablishedπtheπForewindπconsortium.πForewindπwasπinπDecemberπ2009πawardedπlicenceπtoπdevelopπoffshoreπwindπpowerπatπDoggerπBankπinπtheπNorthπSea,πwithπaπpotentialπofπ9-13πGW.ππ(www.forewind.co.uk)
ππ opening of alltwalis wind farm InπNovemberπ2009πStatkraftπopenedπAlltwalisπWindπFarmπinπWales,π23πMW.π(www.alltwaliswindfarm.co.uk)
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SmølaπWindπFarm,πMøreπogπRomsdal,πNorway.
SheringhamπShoalπOffshoreπWindπFarm,πunderπconstructionπoffπtheπcoastπofπNorfolkπinπEngland.
