Wide Field Astronomy from Space -...

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Wide Field Astronomy from Space Steven Beckwith Space Telescope Science Institute January 9, 2002

Transcript of Wide Field Astronomy from Space -...

Page 1: Wide Field Astronomy from Space - libvolume3.xyzlibvolume3.xyz/.../fieldastronomypresentation2.pdf · Wide Field Astronomy from Space Steven Beckwith Space Telescope Science Institute

Wide Field Astronomy from Space

Steven Beckwith

Space Telescope Science Institute

January 9, 2002

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Limits:

Space advantages:

Low Bν

Small ∆Ω over FOV

PSF stability

Photometric stability

Full sky coverage

24 hr operation

Ground advantages

Large area telescopes

Upgradable detectors (increase/repair FOV)

High survey speed at BLIP 0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Wavelength (µµµµm)

Backgro

und (

γγ γγ sec-1)

Zodiacal light

Paranal sky

S/N = t1/2 A ∆ν

(Fν + ∆Ω Bν)1/2

1/2

( )

D = 6.5 m

θ = 0.3”

D = 2 m

θ = λ/D

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ACS Survey Workshop

Motivation:

To determine the potential for new surveys with ACS

To identify areas for teaming on large initiatives

Discussion findings:

Obvious synergism between galaxy formation, AGN

evolution, weak lensing, and cosmology (SN Ia) in

need for a ~1 ° HDF-like survey

Recognition of multiple science potential of deep and

wide surveys with HST

22-23 March 2001

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GOODs Legacy & Treasury Programs

Observations 300 arcmin2 in two fields: HDF-N, CDF-S

SIRTF: 3.6-24 µm (IRAC+MIPS), 600 hours

HST: 4 bands, 500 orbits ACS, near HDF depth

Chandra: 2x106 sec imaging; XMM: ~5x105 sec imaging

North South

Science Evolution of galaxies, 1 < z < 6

SN Ia detection via scheduling

AGN morphologies

Potential upgrades: wider fields for AGN, weak-lensing, DEEP fields

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All sky surveys

Space advantages: Low Bν Small ∆Ω over large FOV PSF stability Photometric stability Full sky coverage 24 hr operation

λλλλ (µµµµm) 10σσσσ mag t(sec) 4ππππ(days) 10σσσσ Mag t(sec) 4ππππ(days)

0.35 26.4 3.0 1.4 30.7 223 107

0.45 27.0 3.0 1.4 28.9 72 34

0.55 26.1 3.0 1.4 28.1 53 25

0.70 25.3 3.0 1.4 27.3 41 19

0.90 25.1 3.0 1.4 26.8 42 20

1.22 20.0 3.0 1.4 24.9 59 28

1.65 17.9 3.0 1.4 24.4 108 52

2.10 16.5 3.0 1.4 23.9 176 84

6.5m Ground 2m Space

Ground advantages Large area telescopes

Upgradable detectors

(large FOV)

High survey speed at BLIP

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Ideal limiting magnitudes

15

20

25

30

35

0 1 2 3

Wavelength (µµµµm)

Lim

iting M

agnitude

2m space

telescope

6.5m LSST

Space-survey science:

Earth-crossing asteroids (sens.)

Kuiper-belt objects (sens., ∆Ω)

Transient sources

Supernovae (e.g. SN Ia) (sens.)

Micro-lensing sources (# stars)

Dwarf stars: white, brown (sens.)

Quantify weak lensing in distant

galaxies (small ∆Ω, stable PSF)

Parallaxes of faint stars (sens.)

Rare objects (survey to R ~ 27m)

Eclipses of exo-planets (photometric

stability)

High z SN

DMT 8.4m

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-40 0 40 80 120

∆t (days)

28

27

26

25

24

23

I (mag)

z = 1.7

z = 1.4

z = 1.0

SN Ia Detection rate

WFPC2: 2 orbit

ACS: 2 orbit

LSST 4π

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SN 1998ff

A. Riess, F. Boffi & SNaZ Team

0.080 ”

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HD 209458b: Exoplanet eclipse

3 hours

Ingress Eclipse Egress

1σ ~ 2x10-4

5x10-4

Kepler selected as Discovery-class Mission

courtesy Brown et al. (2001)

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• Has a metallicity (abundance of

elements heavier than helium)

about one third that of the sun

HST/WFPC2

DSS

Globular Cluster 47 Tucanae

Contains about 106 stars,

at ~11 Gyr

courtesy R. Gilliland et al. (2001)

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NEO Hazard courtesy DMT consortium

http://dmtelescope.org/science.html

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Cumulative Distribution of NEAs

12 14 16 18 20 22

10

100

1000

10000

100000

# of NEAs larger

than 1km

5km 200m1km

Cumulative # of NEAs larger

than H

H

All Known NEAs

LINEAR Discoveries (43%)

Min theory (500)

Max theory (2100)

Known (424)

300m

4,000 –

77,000

Follow-up

problem ?

courtesy DMT consortium

http://dmtelescope.org/science.html

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Planned surveys with spacecraft

Galaxy, AGN evolution

HST/ACS, NGST

Supernovae, Λ

HST/ACS+NICMOS, SNAP

Eclipsing extra-solar planetary systems

Kepler

Astrometric surveys

Hipparcos, SIM, GAIA

∆Ω ~ λ/D

Bν ~ Zodiacal light

FOV ~ optics limit

λλλλ (µµµµm) 10σσσσ Mag t(sec)

0.35 30.7 223

0.45 28.9 72

0.55 28.1 53

0.70 27.3 41

0.90 26.8 42

1.22 24.9 59

1.65 24.4 108

2.10 23.9 176

2m Space