What’s New in Fiber?

N.E. Region BICSI MeetingOctober 27, 2015

Gillette Stadium, Foxboro, MATony Irujo

tirujo@ofsoptics.com

Agenda

Review of Fiber Types

Fiber Classifications and Standards

Fiber Selection Considerations

Latest Fiber Offerings

Evolution of Fiber Technology

2

Two Basic Optical Fiber Types

Larger cores and lower wavelengths drive source and system costs down

1. Multimode 2. Single-mode

62.5 micron 50 micron ~8 micron

125 micron

850 nm Operating 1310 - 1625 nm & some 1300nm Wavelengths

3

Modal Dispersion in MMF

Light Signal travels along many paths

Pulse spreading occurs due to Modal Dispersion or Differential Mode Delay (DMD)

Pulse spreading limits Bandwidth

Input Pulse Output Pulse

1 0 1 10 ??? ?1

4

Modal Dispersion / DMD Minimizedin OM3 and especially OM4 MM Fiber

Input Pulse Output Pulse

1 0 1 10 11 00 1010101010 10

5

Singlemode Fiber

Eliminates modal dispersion. Enables tremendous transmission capacity over very long

distances.

Small core guides only one mode

6

Fiber Classifications & Standards

7

Multimode Fiber Types

8

MM Fiber Type

ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC

60793-2-50 ITU-TOverfilled Bandwidth

(850nm, MHz-km)

Effective Modal Bandwidth

(EMB)“Laser Bandwidth”

(850nm, MHz-km)

62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 ---

50 / 12550 / 12550 / 125

OM2OM3OM4

492AAAB492AAAC492AAAD

A1a.1A1a.2A1a.3

G.651.1500

15003500

---20004700

Multimode Fiber Types

9

MM Fiber Type

ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC

60793-2-50 ITU-TOverfilled Bandwidth

(850nm, MHz-km)

Effective Modal Bandwidth

(EMB)“Laser Bandwidth”

(850nm, MHz-km)

62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 ---

50 / 12550 / 12550 / 125

OM2OM3OM4

492AAAB492AAAC492AAAD

Non-BI / BI

A1a.1a / A1a.1bA1a.2a / A1a.2bA1a.3a / A1a.3b

G.651.1500

15003500

---20004700

Multimode Fiber Types

10

MM Fiber Type

ISO / IEC 11801 TIA IEC

60793-2-50 ITU-TOverfilled Bandwidth

850nm / 1300nm (MHz-km)

Effective Modal Bandwidth

(EMB)“Laser Bandwidth”

850nm (MHz-km)

62.5 / 125 OM1 492AAAA A1b --- 200 / 500 ---

50 / 12550 / 12550 / 125

OM2OM3OM4

492AAAB492AAAC492AAAD

Non-BI / BI

A1a.1a / A1a.1bA1a.2a / A1a.2bA1a.3a / A1a.3b

G.651.1500 / 500

1500 / 5003500 / 500

---20004700

Singlemode Fiber Types

11

SM Fiber Type ITU-T ISO / IEC

11801 TIA IEC 60793-2-50

Legacy G.652.A or G.652.B OS1 492CAAA B1.1

Low Water Peak

G.652.C orG.652.D OS1 or OS2 492CAAB B1.3

Bend-Insensitive

G.657.A1G.657.A2G.657.B2G.657.B3

--- ---

B6_a1B6_a2B6_b2B6_b3

Singlemode Fiber Types (continued)

OSx designations are from ISO/IEC 11801International Cabling Standard

12

SM Cabled Fiber

Designation

Wavelength (nm)

Max CABLELoss

(dB/km)Cable Type

TypcialReach

(meters)

OS1131013831550

1.0---1.0

Typically Tight Buffer 2000

OS2131013831550

0.40.40.4

Typically Loose Tube 10,000

Singlemode Fiber Types – Low & Zero Water Peak (G.652.C & D and G.657.Ax)

wavelength (nm)E U

0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1500 1600

Loss

(dB

/km

)

O

1650

LCS

CWDM

Conventional SMF (G.652A or B)

ZWP SMF (G.652D)

LWP SMF (G.652C or D)

Wavelength (nm)

13

Minimum Design Radius

Category A(G.652D Compliant)

Category B(G.652D Compatible)

10 mm G.657.A1

7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2

5.0 mm G.657.B3

For traditional LongerReach Applications

For Shorter ReachApplications

(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)

14

Singlemode Fiber Types – Bend-Insensitive(G.657.xx)

Latest Fiber Offerings

15

Multimode – WideBand MMF

For use with multiple wavelengths

Course Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) technology• Commonly used on Singlemode

For Multimode, it will be called SWDM –

Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing

16

Conventional Multimode – One Wavelength (850nm)

λ(850nm)

λ

17

WideBand Multimode – Multiple Wavelengths

λ850 nm

λ~880 nm

λ~910 nm

λ~940 nm

Mux

λλλλDemux

18

Why WideBand MMF?

Not practical to continue increasing fibers as bandwidth increases.• End users reluctant to run 2 x 16 = 32 fiber links for 400Gb/s

Multiple wavelengths used to reduce number of fibers.

Utilizes same simplex and multi-fiber connector technology.

Can provide duplex fiber 100G links.

Enables 400G transmission using 8-fiber architecture, currently utilized for 40G & 100G links.• Smooth, logical upgrade path 40G 100G 400G

19

WideBand MMF 4x the bandwidth of current OM4 fiber

Continue to support legacy 850nm OM4 applications

Support for duplex 100G technology

Will support 8-fiber 400G technology

Standards • Joint task group in TIA TR-42.11 and TR-42.12 developing specification

for WideBand Multimode Fiber− Participation from diverse group, including active device and systems

vendors− TIA specification will be mirrored by IEC 86A

20

Minimum Design Radius

Category A(G.652D Compliant)

Category B(G.652D Compatible)

10 mm G.657.A1

7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2

5.0 mm G.657.B3

For traditional LongerReach Applications

For Shorter ReachApplications

(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)

21

Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive

Minimum Design Radius

Category A(G.652D Compliant)

Category B(G.652D Compatible)

10 mm G.657.A1

7.5 mm G.657.A2 G.657.B2

5.0 mm G.657.B3

For traditional LongerReach Applications

For Shorter ReachApplications

(FTTH, MDU, in-building wiring)

22

Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive

“G.657.A3”

Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive

ITU-TFiber Type

Nominal MFD

1550nm Loss@ Bend Radius

Splicing toG.652.D

Fiber

G.652.D 9.2 um 0.05 dB @16 mm Seamless

G.657.A1 8.9 um 0.75 dB @10 mm OK

G.657.A2 8.8 um 0.50 dB @7.5 mm OK

23

Singlemode – Bend-Insensitive Good Bend and Splicing Performance

ITU-TFiber Type

Nominal MFD

1550nm Loss@ Bend Radius

Splicing toG.652.D

Fiber

G.652.D 9.2 um 0.05 dB @16 mm Seamless

G.657.A1 8.9 um 0.75 dB @10 mm OK

G.657.A2 8.8 um 0.50 dB @7.5 mm OK

G.652.D &G.657.A1

9.2 um 0.75 dB @10 mm Seamless

24

Fiber Selection Considerations

25

MM or SM? Speed, Reach, Cost…

Up to 10G (Enterprise & Campus Backbones, “Simple” Data Centers)

• Multimode up to 600m1 (~2000 ft)− OM3 to 300m− OM4 to 400m

40G & 100G (Data Centers, High Performance Computing)

• Multimode up to 200m1 (~650 ft)− OM3 to 100m− OM4 to 150m

400G (Mega Data Centers, High End Computing Centers)

• Multimode up to 100m2 (300+ ft)• Extended reach options likely

26

1 Engineered Link using OM4+ MMF

2 IEEE Objective

Extended Reach 40G Transceivers for Multimode

27

Avago AFBR-79E3PZ QSFP+ eSR4

Finisar FTL410QD2C QSFP+

IBM QSFP+ 40GBase-eSR4 (00FE325)

Support up to 300m / 400m using OM3 / OM4 MMF

Optics vendors will likely offer same for 100G, 400G

MM vs. SM Cost Considerations

Cost References:www.sanspot.comwww.cdw.com

Oct. 2015

PMD Fiber TypeRelative

Transceiver Cost

Power Consumption(Watts, max)

10GBASE-SR MM 1 1

10GBASE-LR SM 2 1 - 1.5

40GBASE-SR4 MM 3 1.5

40GBASE-LR4 SM 10 3.5

100GBASE-SR10 MM 20 3.5

100GBASE-LR4 SM 80 5 - 8

Power Consumption References:www.finisar.comwww.avagotech.com

Oct. 2015

MM continues to be more cost effective than SM for short reach Cost of optics (transceivers) dominates link. Power Consumption of MM optics is less than SM.

28

Which Multimode Should I Use?- 62.5 um? (OM1)- 50 um? (OM2, OM3, OM4…)

Data Center and Cabling Standards are dropping OM1 62.5um fiber, and even OM2 50um, calling out Laser-Optimized OM3 & OM4 only, with “OM4 preferred”.

OM3 or OM4 required for reasonable LAN / Campus 10G backbone distances.

Only OM3 and OM4 can be used for 40G and 100G.

Mixing different types or grades of multimode not recommended, but technically feasible if absolutely necessary.

• Can mix 50um and 62.5um in a system when separated by active electronics.

• If connected together directly, you may incur large one-way connection loss.

• Overall reach of link de-rated based on lesser bandwidth.

29

Selecting Multimode Fiber for Declining Loss Budgets

Increasingly tight system attenuation requirements

1.5 dB for 40/100 Gb/s Ethernet on OM4 fiber!

30

Minimizing Channel Insertion Loss with Proper Multimode Fiber Selection

Use low-loss fiber. • Allows for lower cable attenuation.

Use fiber with tighter Glass Geometry specs.(Clad Diameter, Clad Non-Circularity, Core / Clad Concentricity).

• Provides for better core-to-core alignment for minimal connection / splice loss.

Use fiber with high bandwidth (OM4) and exceptional DMD control.• Incurs less ISI (Bandwidth) penalty, providing more headroom and reliability.

31

Ferrule

Improved Glass Geometry Specs provides better core-to-core alignment for minimal connection loss

Optical Fiber

FiberCore

Better matching of NA

Smaller gap between

ferrule and fiber

Core better centered

32

Evolution of Fiber Technology

33

IP Traffic Growth

Global IP traffic has increased 5x over the past 5 years and will grow by 3x over the next 5 years.

Over half of all traffic will come from non-PC devices in 2019.

The number of devices connected to IP networks will be 3x the global population in 2019.

Cisco Visual Networking Index:Forecast and Methodology, 2014-2019May 27, 2015

34

IP Traffic Growth

“Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI): Forecast and Methodology, 2014-2019"

May 27, 2015

35

36

Internet Services & Apps

Internet Applications Facebook

June 2015 – 1.49 billion monthly users, 968 million daily users1

June 2015 – 1.31 billion monthly mobile users, 844 million daily average mobile users1

Netflix June 2015– 65.5 million members2

2Q2015 - $1.48 billion revenue2

YouTube 50% year-over-year increase in hours

watched each month3

1 http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts2 http://ir.netflix.com/index.cfm3 https://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html

(2015)

37

Evolution of Short Reach Applications

38

Multimode Fiber Options and Reaches(per IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard)

DataRate PMD OM3

50 μmOM4

50 μmOM1

62.5 μmOM2

50 μm

10G 10GBASE-SR (1f x 10G) 300m 400m 33m 82m

40G 40GBASE-SR4 (4f x 10G) 100m 150m --- ---

100G100GBASE-SR10 (10f x 10G)100GBASE-SR4 (4f x 25G)

100m70m

150m100m

--- ---

400G(in process)

400GBASE-SR16 (16f x 25G) At least 100m --- ---

400G(future)

4f x 4λ x 25G At least 100m --- ---

39

Singlemode Fiber Options and Reaches(per IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standard)

DataRate PMD Reach

10G10GBASE-LR (1f x 10G)10GBASE-ER (1f x 10G)10GBASE-ZR* (1f x 10G)

10 km40 km80 km

40G 40GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 10G)40GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 10G)

10 km40 km

100G 100GBASE-LR4 (4λ x 25G) 100GBASE-ER4 (4λ x 25G)

10 km40 km

400G(in process)

400GBASE-DR4 (4f x 100G PAM-4)400GBASE-FR8 (8λ x 50G PAM-4) 400GBASE-LR8 (8λ x 50G PAM-4)

500 m2 km

10 km

* Not specified as part of IEEE 802.3 Std

40

PAM-4 Advanced Modulation

41

OOK (On-Off Keying)

PAM-4 (Pulse Amplitude Modulation, x4)

A move toward 16 and/or 8 fiber units (in addition to 12)

Ethernet transmission speeds are moving from 10G per lane to 25G per lane to support higher data rates.

Likely upgrade paths for multimode fiber results in units of 4 fibers:• 40G ÷ 10G per fiber = 4 fibers• 100G ÷ 25G per fiber = 4 fibers• 400G ÷ 25G per fiber = 16 fibers• 400G ÷ 25G per wavelength per fiber = 4 fibers

8 / 16 fiber units may work better than 12 fiber units in supporting full fiber utilization.

Discussions in TIA to support: • 16-pin MPO connector (TR 42.13)• Polarity descriptions that cover n-number of fiber units (TR 42.11)• 4 new fiber colors to support 16-fiber ribbons / bundles (TR 42.12)

42

Thank you…..

43