Well Complition
105
- ) Completion ( - - ) Completion ( Completion . . Completion : A-OHC (open hole Completion) b- OHC (cased hole Completion) ) Casing ( . CHC . . - - - ) OHC ( ) . Casing .(
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well completion
Transcript of Well Complition
-)Completion(--)Completion(
Completion
. .Completion:
A-OHC (open hole Completion)
b- OHC (cased hole Completion)
)Casing ( .
CHC .
.
---)OHC() .Casing
.(
OHC
-Gravel Packing.
-.-.-.-OHCLiner ComletionCHC.
OHC
-.-FracturingAcidising.
---)Cased Hole Completion)CHC((
Perforation.
CHC
-–
.-.-
CHC
---) (
.-.
---)Mutiple Completion(
Mutiple Completion.---
Doubble Completion)One Packer + One tubitg(
double Completion) (–
)tubing ()casing ( .
:-tubing .
.-Casing
.-
.-) (tubing.-)Wirkover (
) .well killing(
Doubble Completion)One tubintg + Packers(tubing
Chake) ( .:
-.-
) .well killing(
(One tubintg + one Packer + one Chocke) : Doubble Completion
Double Flow Chock
tubing .Chock
.Chock .packer
.Casing
.tubing- .
Chock.
( tubintg + Packer) : Doubble Completion
)tubing (–
) ( .
.:
--)Work over (
stimulation
---Tripple Completion
[ (or ) Packers + (or ) tubings]
)Completion (tubing
Packers ..
Completion–
.
---)PWC : Permanet well Completion(
Completion
.PWCPackerPacker
.–
.
.
Completion
---Bullet Perforation
-Jet Perfoartion
---Bullet Perforation
Bullet Perforation
:--Casing
-
:--) (Casing
-Stand off––
.-
---Jet Perfoartion )(
Jet Perfoartion
-–
.-CPerfoartion
CPerfoartion
-)(.-Casing.-
..
Jet Perfoartion .
.Jet Perfoartion
.Bullet PerfoartionSchutt) (
.
.
)Schutt (.---)Hydraulic Perfoartion(
) (–
–) ( .)bar (
..
) ( .
Jet PerfoartionBullet Perfoartion
. .Ballet
PerfoartionJet Perfoartion.
--- (:
.
) (
.» « .
:--Water Flooding
- :
.-
.-)Gas ConingWatrer Coning ()
(
.) (
Perfoartion Wash .reperfoartion
–
Pressure difference–.–
–
.– ...
.
()Pressure difference(
Perfoartion
) ( .
)PI ( .PerfoartionHCL
.–
–
.
--Sand Control
–
.:
-)load bearing solids(-)Fine solids(
.Pore .
)(
-)
(.-)thoughness reducation(
) (.
-KrO
.-)Pre Pressure (–
Compaction
.
---
:A––
.B–
C–
A–
–
.:
----
)Fracturing(
.
.–.
B–
)Filter(Gravel
Packing ..
-Slotterd Liner
./ .
..
-wire warpped screens
) (
. ./.
-Prepacked Liner
)API ()Sand pack (
– . .
C .gravel Packing
)shale (
Liner.
Gravle PackPerforation
–CHC .
) (–
Perforation.Gravle
Pack
.
--)Aciizing(Permeability)k ( .
hydraulic Fecturing .)Damage (
» « .Damage
.) (StimulationSkin
.
:-)drilling damage : (
:
)cuttings()weigting material ()lost circulation agent(
-) ()(
-)ctmenting damage(-)Perfortion damage(-)ompletion
& work over damage(-)Damage in gravel Pack( :
) ( :)
(
.-)Damage during Production(
.)Pore Pressure ()effective stress (Pre
Pressure)Porosity (
) ( .)Production String (
.Water wetoil wet
Kro .emulsion block.
-)Damage during stimulation
treatment()clean up : (
.)Aciizing : (
) (Surfactants
Corrosion inhibitor.»«» « .
damage» «)treating
fluids ( .damage
: (Emulsions :)oil&water – base fluids (
Treating fluid
» «)brine ( .mutual
solvents–De +mutual solvents emulsifer
. (water change : oil-wet
Kro .surface active materials
. ( water Block :
Kro
.Water block
FingeringConning
.(Scales :
.Perforation
tubing .
.
scale
.Scales
:- Carbonate scale (caco & Feco ) (+HCL)
)O) = gypsum anhydrite (CaSOH- sulfate scale (CaSo &
ESTA (Can solve all sulfate scales)
EDTA =
OChloride scnlts (Such as NaCl) (+HCl) or + H
They can be easily dissolved with fesh water of weak acid (HCl)
+HCl)()O- Fe – scales (Fes, Fe
(+HCl)Or Ca (OH)- Hydroxid scales (mg (OH)
(Organic depoits :
Perforation .
. .
aromatic solvent .sludge) ( .Sludge
. (Mixed deposits :Scales siltclay .
. (silts & clays :siltclay
.clay) (.
)damaging articales (Fines
siltclay.Clay : Phyilosilicates with size of less than Mm,
Silts : silicates of aluminosilicates with a size betw. - Mm.
SiltsClaysHF)hydroflouric acid (.
Matrix Acidizing
» «» «)damage (.
)Fracturing Pressure ( .Permeability
.
---)VHCl([gol/ t]/w )]s - rXHCl (r).-. (/ VHCl = [
XHCl = the weigh fraction of formation material soluble in HCl
B = the dissolving power of the acid [golof rock/gal.ofacid]
Rs = the radius of damage ( t)
---
]/...[
][Pr
]...[
)500200(arg
]...[
]/...[
]...[
]...[
)/(.
...10917/4
.
..
6
max,
STBresbbiB
PsiessurereserviorP
cp
PsiineresuremthesnfertpP
ftdepthH
ftPsiaulientfracturegrg
thicknessfth
mdK
srwinreB
PPHghKq
safe
f
safeF
i
()HF+HCl (
Kaolinite caly .% .)gal.of rock/ gal.of acid (/
./)t (/ .)t ( .
g/w )s - rXHCl (r).-(/ VHCl =
=/) //- (//)/-(/= (qi,max)maximum injection rate (
.:
)(25/2)20328/0/1053(ln17/0
500020010007/05010010917/4
)(328/0,20),(1053,1),(10000
)(7/0),/(7/0),(5000),(50
)(200
)(100
6
max, BPMq
ftrSftreBftH
cpFtPsigPsiPfth
PsiP
mClK
i
w
Fr
safe
---
)(25/2)20328/0/1053(ln17/0
500020010007/05010010917/4
)(328/0,20),(1053,1),(10000
)(7/0),/(7/0),(5000),(50
)(200
)(100
6
max, BPMq
ftrSftreBftH
cpFtPsigPsiPfth
PsiP
mClK
i
w
Fr
safe
------
Dolomite concentration is % , Acid consisting of % HCl is to be used.
2
4333/0
3/1
453
3
23
23
25
1/015/03048/010014/3
8/56107/1)10469/8(018/01
2
1
...ln
1
1069/8)48/3010010/(10648/21)./(
018/0)64/84)(1/415/0(./.
64/81/641/8/
)(64/8184
1590
1)(159065/2
)184?())((lim
)/(1/41/1/4
1/45/36/150
1000:)(1501000.15/0)(
)(
8/56)(15000),/(65/2,15/0
325/0,,/10,100,1
3
d
w
PeC
i
i
rock
i
irock
ww
rh
VbNAl
ds
hqNPe
CVCAC
litmolC
molM
mn
kliterofrocdolomiteingr
MCOCamgiteofDoC
litmolionofacidconcenbratC
M
mn
HClcmgrHClm
VHClCOCaMg
mgalVcmg
rrsxmfthBPMqi
4s
---) = )Concentration is %, M ((CaCO
5/4
1/015/03048/010014/3
8/56107/1)1069/8(0217/0ln
6/1
1
1069/8)48/3010010/(102648/1)./(
0217/0)5/262/(67/715/0./.
)/(5/2651/26
5/26100/2650/
1lim)(265012650%100,2650
)(2650100065/2:1
)/9(65/2
)/(67/71/67/7/
)(67/75/36/1280/
2)(
8/56)(15000),/(65/2,15/0
328/0,,/10,100,1
6/1
43/14
453
3
22223
23
25
s
ls
hqNPe
CVCAC
litmolC
Mmn
kliterofrocestioneinofgrm
grkliterofrocftheweighto
cm
litmollitmolc
molMmn
COOHCaClHClCOCaMg
mgalVcmg
ftrrsxmfthBPMqi
i
i
rock
irock
ww
--)Hydraulic Fracturing(skin)damage (
.)Permeability ( .
.» «
)effective wellbore radivs(re .)K ()md<K (
md>Kskin
damage .:
-Facturing FkuidPrappant)(-) (-net pressure, pump rate- Fluid volume
)Design ( :Xf) (–wf) (–hr)
(Pnet)net pressure (.
)Overburden (stress
)H V ( .V
V= vertical stress = P.g . H=P.H/
V = absolute vertical stress [psi]
]P = average rocu olemsit [lb/ t
H = Depth [ t]
H)Absolute horizontal stress (:
][tan....
][Pr....
][....
).(1
tcconsPoroelasti
psiessurePoreP
cPossonrativ
PPv
VH
22
//
/
/.
)mod'(
)(:
)(:
)(:
inlbinin
inlb
stroinstress
ulssYoun
strainl
l
stressshearF
stressnormalF
E
.
) .(
.)lateral expansion ()longitudinal contraction (
)Poisson ratio (V
.
1
21
1
2
d
ddV
.
) (effective stress.
tcconsporielasti
ressabsolutest
ctivestresseffe
P
tan....
...
...
.
1
1
a
)grains (F
./a
.
H, , H,)H,max , H,min(
PPv
v
resstectonicst
nalstressimumherito
nalstresseimumhorito
ressVerticalst
VH
HHtec
tec
H
H
V
)(1
0
max
min
log
min,
max,min,
max,
min,
..
critical depth
.critical depth
)Vertical pachire (. .
.H,H,
H,minH,max .
.min
)minimum stress ( .)H ()V (
.Critical depth .
min .V)V
H ( .H)VH (
.
---
.
.
:
Primary RecoveryOOIP%-Natural Depletion
.Secondary Recovery
.OOIP%-.)
() (.
Tertiary Recovery)Enhanced oil Recovery: (
-OOIP .:
-)(
-)–
IFT(-)(----.....
IOR)Improved Oil
Recovery ( .
OGIP%-Gas Cycling
.
:
)OOIP, OGIP (
.
- (
--
) ( .
.
.
.
.IPR .
:- water drive
- sliution gas drive (internal gas drive or depletion drive)
- gas cap drive (segregation drive or gravity drive)
:-)(---)(
.
.
---)Depletion Drive Mechanism(
.
.
.
.
.
.)
() (
.
.
.
.
.
.
. :
) (.
.
.
.
- (
.
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. .
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---
.
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–
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.
.
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.
- (
.PI
.
---
. .
Psi
.)( .
.
.
.
.
.
.
)aquifer ( .
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- (
---
.
. .
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PI.
- (PI
.
––
.
.
.
.
--)
(
.
..
---
) B. (
:
.
.)water wet (
)oil wet ( .
.
.
.
.water wet
oil wet
.
.)Volumetric
Sweep Efficientcy ( .
.
.
.
Breakthrough
.
plug
.
)(
) (.
.
) ( .
.
..
)Pr>Pb (:
= + +
) (
Segregate Flow
.) (:
= + +
: = +
: = +
+
: = + +
+ + +
: =–
–
) ( .
. = * *
--- .
. .
:----
Lean Rich , Enriched
)Flug gas (.
:
-) (Lean Gas) (
.-) (
Enriched Gas. :
Lean Gas.
. :
)(
) ( .
) (
.
) ( .)
(
)WAG injection(
Capillary Number)
()swelling
(
.
Varporization or Condensation
)psiAPI
C +
(psiC%
)C-C (
.
)MMR ()MMRMMC (
Slim Tube) (
)MMR ()MMR (.
Lean Gas) ( .
.
.:
-)(-)(---
)(
.
.
.
.
.
.%)HCPV (
Lean Gas
Rich GasWAG.
.:
API
Lean Gas
. :Rich
/Enriched Gas
:LOAIHTHP.
:--)(--Gas Cycling
-Attic oil Recovery
--
.EOR
:
)Ev (Arial Sweep Efficiency
Contact factor
Displacement Efficiency
EOR
Ev , Ed .Ed
EvEd.:
*
*
*---
Surfactant . .
.)MM BBL<OOIP (
.
. .
NAOH
.)PH (
..
. .
IFT
.)NAOH(
.Surfactantppm .
.
.
.NaOH
.
.
. .
.) (
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
SlugSlug
.
.
Breakthrough.
)(
) (.
---
.
:
Steam flooding
Cyclic Steam Injection (Huff’n Puff)
Hot Water
Wet In situ Combustion
Forward In situ Combustion
Reverse In situ Combustion
.
. .
. .
)(%
.
.)Huff (
)Soak ()Puff.(
.
. .
.
.
.)Oil
Stripping.(
)(
) (.
) (
.
.
.
-
.)
(.
)Back
Pressure ( .
)
(.
:
. :
)Gas Lift ()pumps.(
--)Gas Lift(
) ( .
.)Gas
Lift Valve (Annukus space .
.
gas Lift
.Rs)dissolved gas oil ratio (
)submersible pumps (Gas Lift
.
Gas Lift
-Gas Lift.
-.
-.-.-)slant (deviated
.-.
Gas Lift
Continuos Gas Lift :Gas Lift
.Continuos Gas Lift
)Specific gravity ( .
Gas Lift
)back pressure ( .
.Intermittent Gas Lift :Gas Lift
.
.Gas Lift
.
.Gas Lift
. :
)operating valve ()Pwh (
. :
)operating valve (
)valve(
. :
)operating
valve (annulus space
.
.)valve (.
Gaf – Lift valve
vtvbopeningopening PPF .).(
Fopening
.
-mm
escTZ
rgHgPP
..87/2
...
perforation .Ps
)Pinj(. (bar)Ps = Pinj -
Pinj = compressor pressure
Ps = gas pressure in casing (annular space in the wellhead)
PsPc) (.-PWF–Hagedom & Brown
.R=GOR =
Ps.-Pwh–GOR
Hagedom & Brown .)GORqg (.
)q. ()Pr (PIPWF
:
rWFWFr pPI
qpppPIq )(
-P
)operating gas valve(.
)q. (GOR
) (GORGOR. :
» «)operating valve (» «)start valve (
.
--Sucker rod pumps
. %Sucker rod pumps
.Sucker rod pumps
.
Sucker rod pumps
-.----
Sucker rod pumps
-rod
-rod
-.
Sucker rod pumps
--)Extraction pumps(:
-tubing pumps :barreltubing
plungerrod string) (.- insert pumps :rod pumps .
rod string .
.-Casing pumps :tubing
stationary pumpsSucker rod string
casing . .
.
) (ros string casingrod
string.
----)Free gas : (
.)
()FB.(
:--gas anchor
gas anchor
.-)sand problem : (
:)flow rate ( .
plungerbarrelvalve .tubing string)rod pupms ( .
)gravel pack (slotted Liner
sand filter.
---)Qt (incompressible
:
/day] Ap . Sr. n[m.Qt =
]Ap = Plunger Area [m
Sr = thereal way of plunger [m]
N= the number of ways per min
QQt
)Fluid loss (tubing
/day] Ap . S. n. a[m.Qr =
A = c. u. s
Ap.Sr. v.n..Qr =
V = u. s
A =V =u =filling up
S
Srn
Sr
Sn cV ,
-----GOR
--BS#W
-API
--CAPEx & OPEX
--
--ESP
-Gas Tretment
-Compressor
-Pipeline
-Well Completion
ESP
-Power genration
-Power Line
-Well Completion
---)Well Head facilities(
.
.
.christmass tree
.:
-) ()Base flange : (
..
-)side valve : (
) ( .
.-)Bottom main valve : (
)gate valve ()ball valve ( .
) ( . .
.
.
.–)Psi (.
)cellar ( .
/.
:-)Production valve(
. «
..-)Flow line(
.
) . (.
.-)Burning line valve(
gate valve
Burning boom
..-)Choke Flange(
)Flange () (
.-)Burning line(
) (Burning boom
.-)sample point(
/ .
.-The swab valve :tubing
work-over .wire Line Lubricatorstree
valveworkovertree
.Tree .Wing
tree)safety valve ( .wing
)autonatic safety valve .(
.
- (
- (
- (
--)bring in(
. .
:-
.
.-
.-
..
.-
.)hydrostatic head ( .
.).(
--)well killing( .
) (... .
)
(.
.) .
–Plug– (.
. .
) ( .
.
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( .
)plug (
.ball sealerMica
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--)Clean up(
.
.
.)separator (
. .
.
/ % .
. .
.
) ( .
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.
)colaps (.
.
. .
.
% .
.
)Erosion .() (choke
.
.
.
)work over (.
--)Inhibition(
. .
) .
(.
.)tubing (
.
)corrosion Inhibition ( .
.
--)separators(---
. .:
-)Valve (» «
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.-
.
..
-
» « .» «
«.
..
- (
- (
.
. .
.
)foam problem (.
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. .
.
- (
GOR
.» «
» « .%m%
m/.
)Double separator(
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.
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.
.
---
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.Knock outs Free
water . .
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. .%
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- (
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.
-
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.
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( . .
» «) (.
---) ()Heater Treater(
»Free Water « .
.:
---)korrosion(-----
Heater- Treater
– .
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HeaterHorizontal
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---
.) (
.
..
-)Work over(--
)Work over (
.:
- :
.-
stimulationmultiple completion
New completion.- :
work over
.
----)(-)(-
:--» «----Bottom hole Pressure
-
.
.:
--Pressure drae down , Pressure Build up
--
) (
.
Perfaration.
.Soluution gas drive)
(
.
. .
.
)Flow bean choke ()nozzle (
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work over) ( .
)water – oil - ratio (WOR
.
) (:
-)water drive ()water
coning(
- :
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:a–water coning
b– water block)(.c–water emulsion block
:
a–water coning:water coning
.
)water
coning (.
b– water block:Krw) (
)Kro .( .
)water coning (stimulation
) (.
C-water emulsion block:water emulsion block
.Injection test)K ( .Production test)K (
.K
K
water emulsion block .
..
. .
Gas drive
Krg .)Gas cap (
.
:
stimulation
–
Packer
Gas life .
temperature.
-Packer
(Nipple, Slips
(Sliding Sleeve, Slips
(Sealing element, Slips
(Sliding Sleeve, Nipple
-Acidizing
()CaCl( ()CO( ()Emulsifiying( ()Emulsifiying()Gelling ()CaCl(
-)Productivity madex (IPRStanding
:
()8/0
1(maxpr
pwfq
()8/0
1(maxpr
pwfq
()8/01(max
pr
pwf
pr
q
()8/01(max
pr
pwf
pwfpr
q
-PCF)psi (
.psi
: (/ (/ (/ (/-/
psi/cycle
Tranmissibility: (/ ( ( (-
% .: (/ (/ (/ (/
-
( ( ( (-)n
wf-Pq = c(Pccn
. (. ()build – up test( ()draw – drwn test( ()multirate test(-
(FDT
(DST
(LCB
(Leak-off
-)Producitivity index (: (. (. (. (.-)tubing(
)Pwh (. (GOR. (GOR. (GOR)Pwf (. (GOR.
-GOR .
( ( ( (-: ( ( ( (-)Matrix Acidizing (
(––
(––
(––
(––
-)Separators ( ( ( ( (-)Gauge Ring ( ( ( (
(
-)Dip Valve (
( ( ( (-)Jet Perforator (
( ( ( (- ( ( ( (-Infull Drilling
(
(
(
(
-(
(
(
(
-
(–
(–
(–
(–
-
( ( ( (-Foamed Acid
( ( ( (
.-)Perforation Density (
()Production Rate( ()Formation Permeability( ()Perforated Intervals( (- ( ( (
(-)Sand Stone (
( (HCl
(HCl
(HClHF
-)Selective
Perforation ( ( ( ( ()Fracture (-
( ( ( (-
( ( ( (-
( (
(IPR
(
-)Perforation(
(Mechanical Cutter
(Hydraulic Perforator
()Bullet Perforator( ()Jet Perforator(-)Acidizing (
.
( (HClHF
(HCl
(-)Acidizing(
......... ( ( ( (-
( ( ( ()Bottom Main Valve(-SH
Casing
(Liner
(Packer
( Tubing
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log: (/ (/ (/ (-
) :.(
( PLT
( CNL
( VDL
(Sonic Log
-Gaslift
( ( ( (
-) (.-) (.
.-) (.
Standing:
)8/01(max
r
wf
r p
p
p
q
-) (.-) (.
) (.-) (.-) (.
.-) (.
QuadraticInflow
nc.-) (.
-) (..
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.-) (.
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.-) (.
.-) (.-) (.-) (.-) (.
.-) (.
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HClHF
.-) (.
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