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Page 1: jameslitsinger.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewChapter 10. David J. Greathead. 1995. Natural enemies in combination with pesticides for integrated pest management. Pages 183-197.
Page 2: jameslitsinger.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewChapter 10. David J. Greathead. 1995. Natural enemies in combination with pesticides for integrated pest management. Pages 183-197.
Page 3: jameslitsinger.files.wordpress.com€¦ · Web viewChapter 10. David J. Greathead. 1995. Natural enemies in combination with pesticides for integrated pest management. Pages 183-197.
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Chapter 10. David J. Greathead. 1995. Natural enemies in combination with pesticides for integrated pest management. Pages 183-197. In: Reuven Reuveni (editor), Novel Approaches to Integrated Pest Management. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton FL, 369 pages.

Keywords: impact of pesticides on beneficial arthropods, hazard ratio = exposure (application rate g ai/ha)/intrinsic toxicity (LD50 μg ai/insect). The hazard ratio was developed for the impact of pesticides on bees but also serves for beneficial arthropods, insecticide resurgence, selective application of pesticides, adoption of IPM in cotton in Colombia, selective pesticides, pesticide-resistant natural enemies, natural enemies in combination with pesticides—the future, benefits of adopting IPM on crucifers against diamondback moth as well as mites in orchards worldwide