Water yield studies in Otago’s -...

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Water yield studies in Otago’s upland snow tussock grasslands. Alan Mark, PhD, ΦBK (Duke), Hon DSc (Otago), FRSNZ, KNZM, Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin. Chair, Wise Response Society. [email protected]

Transcript of Water yield studies in Otago’s -...

Page 1: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Water yield studies in Otago’s

upland snow tussock

grasslands.

Alan Mark,PhD, ΦBK (Duke), Hon DSc (Otago), FRSNZ, KNZM,

Department of Botany,

University of Otago,

Dunedin.

Chair, Wise Response Society.

[email protected]

Page 2: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Pastoral leases in altitudinal corridors:304 leases on 2.6 mill. ha: = 8.553 ha. avge.Old Man Range, Central Otago. 400-1682 m.

1616 0.2

1034 3.8

1061 5.0

774 5.9

498 7.2

335 10.4

Pptn

mm

MAT

deg C

Montane Short tussock grassland

Subalpine Mixed short-tall tuss. grassland

Low-alpine tall tussock grassland

High-alpine mixed grassland -cushionfield

Alexandra

Page 3: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Snow tussock management and water yield.

Garvie Mountains, 1600m.

Localised loss of snow tussock

cover due to early pastoral

farming. Reduced water yield

is an inevitable consequence

Snow tuss.water yield = 63-80% of

ann. pptn of 1250-1600 mm.

All alternative cover yields sig. less.

Lammerlaw lysimeter siteLysimeter profile

Page 4: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Snow tussock features explaining high

water yields:

Lammerlaw Ra., 1000 m

Fog interception Snow

accumulation

Leaf anatomy

Snow accumulation

Snow retention

Page 5: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: Maximising water yield and

trade-offs with exotic afforest.: C storage-sequestration

Pinus radiata

Snow tussock grassland

Differential yield:

Steady reduction:

41% at yr 22.

Pinus radiata

Ref. Mark & Dickinson 2008.

Frontiers in Ecology and the

Environment 6: 25-34.

Glendhu paired catchments

Page 6: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Nov 1998

Dec 2004

May 2015

Mid Dome Upper Tomogalak

Catchment.Wilding Tree Spread from

1998- 2015.

Page 7: Water yield studies in Otago’s - wiseresponse.org.nzwiseresponse.org.nz/ILM/Alan_Mark-WaterYieldStudiesInOtago.pdf · alan.mark@otago.ac.nz. ... Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK.

Duncan MJ, Thomas MB. 2004. Hydrological effects of burning tall tussock grassland on the Lammermoor Range, East Otago, New Zealand. J. Hydrology (NZ) 43: 125-39.

Fahey, B, Davie, T, Stewart, M. 2011. The application of a water balance model to assess the role of fog in water

yields from catchments in the east Otago uplands, South Island, New Zealand. J. Hydrol. (NZ) 50: 279-292.

Fahey B, Ekanayake J, Jackson R, Fenemor A, Davie T, Rowe L. 2000. Using the WATYIELD water balance model

to predict catchment water yields and low flows. Journal of Hydrology (NZ) 49: 35-58.

Holdsworth DK, Mark AF. 1990. Water and nutrient input:output budgets: effects of plant cover at seven sites in upland snow tussock grasslands of eastern and central Otago. J. Royal Soc. N.Z. 20: 1-24.

Ingraham NL, Mark AF. 2000. Isotopic assessment of the hydrological importance of fog deposition on tall snow tussock grass on southern New Zealand uplands. Austral Ecology 25: 402-8.

Ingraham NL, Mark AF, Frew RD. 2008: Fog deposition by snow tussock grassland on the Otago uplands: responses to a recent review of the evidence. J. Hydrology (NZ): 47: 107-22.

Mager SM, Trevelyan AM, Wilson PG, Kingston DG. 2016. Quantifying the amount and incidence of fog at a mid-altitude site in the Saint Marys Range, Otago, New Zealand. J.Hydrol (NZ) 55: 107-20.

Mark AF. 1994. Effects of burning and grazing on sustainable utilisation of upland snow tussock (Chionochloa spp.) rangelands for pastoralism in South Island, New Zealand. Aust. J. Bot. 42: 149-61.

Mark AF, Dickinson KJM. 2008. Maximizing water yield with indigenous non-forest vegetation: a New Zealand perspective. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 25-34.

Mark AF, Michel P, Dickinson KJM, McLennan B. 2009. The conservation (protected area) status of New Zealand’s indigenous grasslands: an update. N. Z. J. Botany 47: 53-60.

Mark, AF, Rowley J, Holdsworth DK. 1980. Water yield from high-altitude snow tussock grassland in Central Otago.

Tussock Grasslands and Mountain Lands Review 38: 21-33.

Martorell C, Ezcurra E. 2007. The narrow-leaf syndrome: a functional and evolutionary approach to the form of fog-

harvesting rosette plants. Oecologia 151: 561-573.

Pearce AJ, Rowe LK, O’Loughlin CL. 1984. Hydrology of mid-altitude tussock grasslands, upper Waipori

Catchment, Otago. II. Water balance, flow duration and storm runoff. Journal of Hydrology (NZ) 23: 60-72.

Rowley J. 1970. Lysimeter and interception studies in narrow-leaved snow tussock grassland. N Z J Bot. 8: 478-93.

Tussock Grassland Research Committee. 1954. The high-altitude snow tussock grassland in South Island, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Sci. Technol. A36: 335-64.

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