Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission...

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Warmup (5 minutes) 1. Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through alpha decay, then alpha decay again, what isotope will be present? 32 P 0 e + 0 γ + 32 Si 15 +1 0 14

Transcript of Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission...

Page 1: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Warmup (5 minutes)

1. Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray.

2. If Po-212 goes through alpha decay, then alpha decay again, what isotope will be present?

32P 0e + 0γ + 32Si15 +1 0 14

Page 2: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Fission and Fusionand some other stuff

Page 3: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Sometimes an unstable isotope is REALLY radioactive…one simple nuclear decay is NOT enough to make it stable…it must go through a series of reactions to make it stable again.

Po21084

Pb20682+He4

2 He42 +Hg202

80

212 208

202

Page 4: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

• The decay series for U238

92Alpha Decay

Beta Decay Beta DecayAlpha Decay

Alpha DecayAlpha Decay Alpha Decay

Alpha DecayBeta DecayBeta Decay

Alpha Decay Beta Decay Beta Decay

Alpha DecayPb206

82

Page 5: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

FUSIONvolunteer to read?

•Stars, which are gigantic comparedeven to planets, make up most of thematter in the universe.•Most  suns (stars) are made of mostly hydrogen. Hydrogen is really just a proton (sometimes with an extra neutron or two). There have always been lots of solo protons in the universe.•We, however, are made mostly of carbon and depend desperately on oxygen. How did enough protons happen to come together into heavier, more complex atoms so that we could exist?

Page 6: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

FUSION continued•When stars fuse hydrogen, heavier atoms and vast amounts of energy are created

•When a star runs out of hydrogen, it starts to fuse other things until it 1. runs out of fuel 2. goes cold or 3. gets so dense that the pressure inside blows it apart (nova or supernova!).

•If the star blows apart, all those heavier atoms it created in its core now scatter into the cosmos to eventually collect to make more stars and planets. 

•Our planet owes all its amazing materials to the fusion reactions of long blown-apart stars in other parts of the galaxy. Without fusion, life on earth, life anywhere, would be impossible.

Page 7: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Nuclear Fusion: the process of combining light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus

(hydrogen isotopes)

Like in Spiderman 2!

2H + 3H 4He + 1n +

1 1 2 0 Energy

Page 8: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

2H + 2H 3H + 1H1 1 1 1

Fusion Reaction Energy Released

2H + 3H 4He + 1n1 1 2 0

6Li + 2H 2 4He3 1 2

6.3 x 10-13 J (per reaction)

2.8 x 10-12 J

3.6 x 10-12 J

3. Write balanced equations showing the fusion of:

(you may have to fill in missing products)

a. 2 deuterium atoms (hydrogen-2) to release a proton

b. Deuterium with tritium to produce helium-4

c. Lithium-6 and deuterium to produce helium

Energy released by 1 megaton hydrogen bomb: 4 x 1015 J

Energy output of our sun: 1034 J per year

Page 9: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Nuclear Fission: Nuclear Fission: splitting of a nucleus into 2 smaller nuclei; usually involves a neutron hitting a

large, unstable nucleus just right.4. Write an equation showing this fission reaction

Page 10: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

235U + 1n 90Sr + 143Xe + 31n + Energy92 54380 0

Energy = [mass 235U + mass n – (mass 90Sr + mass 143Xe + 3 x mass n )] x c2

= 2.0 x 1013 J per mole 235U

Combustion of 1 ton of coal = 5 x 107 J

E = mc2 E = energy m = massC = speed of light = 3.00 x 108m/s)A little mass can create a huge amount of energy, which can be calculated (complicated):

Page 11: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Fission Chain Reaction: is a self-sustaining sequence of nuclear fission reactions.

Page 12: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Fission is the science behind the Atomic Bomb and Nuclear Power plants

Fusion is the science behind the hydrogen bomb

Page 13: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Nuclear Fission & Nuclear Fission & POWERPOWER

Currently about 103 nuclear Currently about 103 nuclear

power plants in the U.S. and power plants in the U.S. and

about 435 worldwide.about 435 worldwide.

17% of the world’s energy 17% of the world’s energy

comes from nuclear power. But comes from nuclear power. But

IS nuclear power the best IS nuclear power the best

energy source?energy source?

Page 14: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Dangers of Radiation Exposure

Page 15: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Genetic Damage : radiation causes damage to reproductive cells or organs

* damage to future offspring

Somatic Damage : has an impact on the organism

*seen immediately or in the future

Extent of damage depends on:Energy and penetration of radiation

(Gamma >> Beta > Alpha)The half-life of the particular isotopeAmount/duration of exposure

Page 16: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Marie Curie and Radium

Used to make things glow at low temps

It glows because Its emitting photons

Page 17: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

• In extreme cases of Radiation sickness involve hair loss, vomiting of blood, intestinal failure, sores, hemorrhaging, etc

Too much radiation causes burns, mutations, and cancers

Page 18: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.

Some interesting Mutations

Page 19: Warmup (5 minutes) 1.Write the equation that shows phosphorus-32 going through positron emission while emitting a gamma ray. 2. If Po-212 goes through.