Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre

“PETIC”

An Overview

Peter EdwardsExecutive Director

• Extra-stable dual beam mode using harmonic coils

• High energy : 18 MeV protons

9 MeV deuterons

• High current : up to 150 μA, protons

up to 40 μA, deuterons

• High yield targets : up to 15 Ci 18F -

• Eight targets distributed around the cyclotron for more flexibility and low exposure

• Nirta® Solid target technology for novel radioisotopes: 124I, 64Cu, ...

• Quick disconnect targets for easy maintenance

• Redundant and instant exchange of foil extraction system

• Long-life ion source

Cyclone® 18/9 -HC (High Current) model

PET Tracer Production Areas

Twin hot cell radiopharmaceutical

production suite (GMP)

IBA Synthera® Chemistry Synthesis Units

Integrated Fluidic Processor™

Single-use sterilized IFPTM pack:Plastic frame with 8 rotaryvalves, 6 vial holders, 2 cartridgeholders, 1 reactor vial, integratedinterconnecting tubes

FDG reagent sets (certificate of analysis):Vial 1: Cryptand solutionVial 2: Mannose triflateVial 3: Sodium HydroxydeVial 4: Sterile water for injection

Ancillary supplies set:(QMA cartridge and filters),solvents,final product container.

QC Laboratory

• HPLC system with radio- and refractive index detectors

• HPLC High-flow system with radio-, UV and RI detectors

• HPLC system with Electrochemical detector

• TLC Radiochromatography Scanner with MCA

• Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler

• NaI-based Gamma Counter

• Endosafe® endotoxin test system

• Gonotec Cryoscopic Osmometer

• Balance

• pH meter

Radiochemical Research Area

Triple hot cell research suite

Research Hot-Cells

Research Chemistry Synthesis Modules:

• IBA Synthera ® - 18F chemistry• GE Tracerlab - 11C chemistry• Customised modules – metal-based chemistry

Research Chemistry Analytic Systems:

• HPLC High-flow system: radio-, UV & RI detectors• HPLC High-flow system: Single Quad Mass Spectrometer & RI detectors• TLC Radiochromatography Scanner – multichannel analyser • Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler• Germanium-based Gamma Counter• LAMBDA 750 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer (175nm-3300nm)• Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer with Diamond ATR module

Conventional PET Isotopes

13,000----------

250

1,000

120----------

60

60

H218O (96%)

---------------------Ne (natural) +F2carrier

18O2

18O(p,n)18F----------------20Ne(d,α)18F

18O2(p,n)18F2

F-

----------

F211018F

500 /min (cont.flow)

400/min (cont.flow)

on line

N2+ 1% O2

N2+ 2% CO2

14N(d,n)15O

O2

CO2215O

40015H2O (natural) + 5mM Ethanol

16O(p,α)13NNH31013N

3,0001,000

3015

N2+ 0.5-1% O2N2+ 5 % H2

14N(p,α)11CCO2CH4

2011C

Recovered ActivityEOB (mCi)

Irradiation Time (min)

Target MaterialTarget Reaction

Chemical Form

Half-life (min)

Isotope

Organic molecule labelling76Se(p,n)76Br97255%β+ (EC)76Bromine

Organic molecule labelling (thymidine – tissue

proliferation)75Se(p,n)75Br9373%β+ (EC)75Bromine

Organic molecule labelling124Te(p,n)124I604824%β+ (EC)124Iodine

Organic molecule labelling120Te(p,n)120I9556% β+ (EC)120Iodine

Ga-citrate tumor imaging; antibody binding

66Zn(p,n)66Ga56956% β+ (EC)66Gallium

Potential UsesTarget ReactionHalf-life, minDecay ModeIsotope

Unconventional PET Isotopes

Cardiac imaging94Mo(p,n)94Tc5270%β+ (EC)94Technetium

Antibodies, chelating compounds86Sr(p,n)86Y88432%β+ (EC)86Yttrium

Metabolism/therapy64Ni(p,n)64Cu76217% β+ (39% β-, EC)64Copper

peptides62Zn/62Cu gen1098 % β+62Copper

antibodies61Ni(p,n)61Cu20061% β+ (EC)61Copper

Cu chelators60Ni(p,n)60Cu2493% β+ (EC)60Copper

antitumor45Sc(p,n)45Ti18585% β+ (EC)45Titanium

Potential UsesTarget ReactionHalf-life, minDecay ModeIsotope

Transition Metal PET Isotopes

Clinical PET/CT : GE Discovery VCT

GE Discovery VCT Rx

4.2x6.3x30 mm lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals grouped in 9x6 blocks.

24 rings with 630 crystals per ring, ring diameter 886 mm

Fields of view: 700mm transaxial and157 mm axial

The scanner can operate in both 2D and 3D modes.

The Discovery VCT RX possesses high NECR, low scatter fraction, and good spatial resolution characteristics.

system sensitivity: 1.7 cps/kBq in 2D and 7.3 cps/kBq in3Dscatter fraction 13.1% (31.8%)peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR): 155 kcps at 92.1 kBq/mL

(117.7 kcps at 21.7 kBq/mL) FWHM resolution ~ 5mm voxel (2D & 3D)

PET Performance

GE Discovery VCT RxCT Performance

64 Slice detector: 58,368 detector elements in 64x0.625 mm thick rowsSlip ring technology with 360o scanning & table incrementation (no inter-scan delay)Up to 64 contiguous axial planes acquired simultaneously with each rotation40 mm anatomical coverage per rotation at isocentre with 0.625 mm slicesXtreamTM FX for reconstructionECG gated CT-acquisitionsOptiDose management:

bowtie filters for coronary angiography & pediatric body scans3D & ECG dose modulationcardiac specific image filtersCollimator hardware & software for X-ray beam tracking

Discovery Dimension Console

VUE Point – PET image ReconstructionRad Rx Radiology Prescription Interface for PET/CT4Dx Diagnostic 4D PETVolume viewer, including PET/CT fusionImage analysis tools

Clinical Service

Colon and RectumAssessment of recurrent disease, Prior to metastectomy for colorectal cancer

LymphomaStaging of Hodgkins lymphoma & of NonHodgkins lymphoma

LungDifferentiation of benign versus malignant lesions where anatomical imaging or biopsy are inconclusive or there is a relative contraindication to biopsyPreoperative staging of non small cell lung cancerStaging of lung cancer prior to radical radiotherapy

Also cancer patients over 75 years of age or where there is evidence of inability to travel

Clinical staff (radiologists, radiographers) and support staff (receptionist) to support the clinical service will be provided under a Service Level Agreement.

At present Health Commission Wales only supports the following PET scans:

Training

The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000

“practitioner” / "referrer” radiologists / other clinical specialists"operator” radiologists, medical physicists, medical physics technicians, nurses,

radiographers, radiopharmacists"practical aspects” medical physicists, medical physics technicians,

radiopharmacists

The Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee (ARSAC)

Regulation 2 of the Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 (MARS Regulations 1978) requires that any doctor or dentist who wishes to administer radioactive medicinal products to humans should hold a certificate issued by Health Ministers

University Post-Graduate Qualifications

MSc (T/R)PhDAt the Post-Doctoral Level, training programmes to facilitate “discipline hopping”

Pre-clinical Research Facility

Pre-Clinical Gamma Medica Ideas PET/CT/SPECT

• user interface controls all modalities • all data is saved in DICOM format

including vital signs and specific scan data• Pre-defined imaging protocols can be designed to

ensure the same imaging parameters are used for each subject studied.

• VIVID™ (Volumetric Image Visualization, Identification and Display) software package designed specifically for FLEX Triumph™

• provides One-Step Fusion™automates fusion and co-display of up to four co-acquired images (SPECT/SPECT/PET/CT).

• automated loading of SPECT, PET and CT image data, automated 2D and 3D visualization modules

• high pixel definition, fast camera manouvers for projection data and streamlined image segmentation

• quantification for time-activity curves of dynamic data for bio-distribution studies.

X-SPECT™• Cadmium Zinc Telluride (eV-CZT™), 1-4 γ detectors• spatial resolution better than 0.3 mm.• zoom from 1.5 cm to 17.5 cm.• SpiralSPECT - high-resolution images over large areas

computer-controlled animal bed moves in an axial direction during data acquisitionreconstruction software yields images with resolution equal to that obtained using standard circular imaging techniques

• Multiple isotope SPECT imaging capabilities with ev-CZT detectorse.g. simultaneous imaging of 99mTc and 123I

• SynApSPECT (Synthetic Aperture SPECT) includes:base with interchangeable apertures – incl’ multiple pinhole aperturesproprietary reconstruction softwarebetter resolution than the size of the pinholeshigh sensitivity; significant reduction in acquisition time or delivered dose.two focal lengths, accommodating multiple fields of view

LabPET™ & X-PET™

• better image contrast due to "true pixel" resolution (no resolution degradation or spatial distortion due to coding)

• higher count rate performance, make it a superior system.

• Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD) detectors and fully digital signal processing

• detector design achieves true crystal geometric resolution: no resolution loss due to light sharing or electronic coding.

• The superior full-width-at-tenth-of-maximum (FWTM) resolution (1.2mm) improves image contrast and edge sharpness, leading to clearer images.

• high sensitivity, X-PET also offers a large axial field of view

TracerProduction

Training

BasicResearch

ClinicalResearch

ClinicalDiagnostic Service

TranslationalResearch

PET in Cardiff

ComputationalSciences

Physical Sciences“the foundations of PET”

Multi-disciplinarity

Physical studies:New probes/applications

properties, design, synthesis

In-vitro studies:biological distribution,

stability, toxicity, specificity

In-vivo studies:imaging response, specificity, mobility

Research Infrastructure

CUBRIC – Cardiff University Brain Repair Imaging CentreHuman MRI (3T), MEG

EMRIC – Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging CentrePre-clinical (small bore) MRI (9.4T)

OCT – Optical Coherence Tomography

CARS – Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy

Optical – Luminescence

ARCCa – Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff

Wales Cancer Bank

CR-UK Cancer Centre

MRC Neuroscience Network

For further details please contact:

Professor Peter EdwardsExecutive DirectorWales Research & Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging CentreSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityHeath ParkCardiff CF14 4XN

℡: +44 (0)29 20874083email: PETIC@Cardiff.ac.uk, EdwardsPG@Cardiff.ac.uk