Vivekananda Sahithya Sarvaswam 4 - WordPress.com€¦ · VIVEKANANDA SAHITYA SARVASVAM Part Four:...

hnth-Im-\-μ-km-ln-Xy-k¿Δkzw

\memw `mKw

XØzm-t\z-jWw

{iocm-a-Ir-jvW-aTw]pd-\m-´p-Ic ˛ 680 551, Xr»q¿

digitized by www.sreyas.in

VIVEKANANDA SAHITYA SARVASVAMPart Four : TATTVANVESHANAM (Malayalam)

Indian Culture, Religion and Philosophy

Translation of the Complete Works of Swami Vivekanandafrom original English, Bengali & Sanskrit

Translators C.G. Narayana Pillai Dharmaparichayam B. A, B.L., L.T. 2-4-of Hindudharmaparichayam

17-33 of Yogaparichayam Vedantaparichayam

Swami Trailokyananda 1, 5-13 of Hindhudharmaparichayam 1-17of Yogaparichayam & Notes

Published by:President, Sri Ramakrishna MathPuranattukara P.O., Thrissur - 680 551

First Edition: July 1963Total no. of copies in last five impressions 18,000Sixth Impression: June 2011 Copies 500

Printed at:Prabuddhakeralam Press, PuranattukaraThrissur - Dt., KeralaPin - 680 551.

Price: Rs. 200/-


s]mXqapJhpc

{ioaZv hnthIm\μkzmanIfpsS iXm–Pb¥n 1963˛¬

BtLmjn°phm≥ t]mIpIbmWv. At∂°v, iXm–kvamcIambn

kzmanPnbpsS {]kwKßƒ, teJ\ßƒ, kw`mjWßƒ, IhnXIƒ,

kq‡ßƒ apXembhbpsS kºq¿Ækamlmcamb hnthIm\μ-

kmlnXyk¿Δkzw Ggp `mKßfnembn aebmfØn¬ {]kn≤oIcn-

°phm≥ Rßfpt±in°p∂p. AXn¬ BZysØ aq∂p `mKw, Hcp

sIm√w ap≥]mbnØs∂, {]Imin∏n®psIm≈p∂p. _m°n \mepw

1963 P\phcnbn¬ {]kn≤oIcn°m≥ km[n°psa∂v Bin°pIbpw

sNøp∂p.

{io kzmanIƒ 1893 sk]vXw_¿ 11˛mw XobXn BWv temIka£w

BZyambn Hcp {]kwKw sNbvXXv. 1902 Pqembv 4˛\v kzmanIƒ

almkam[nbmbn. Cu HºXp sIm√Øn\Iw AhnSp∂p sNbvX

{]kwKßƒ hfscbmWv. AXn¬ Ipd®pam{Xta \ap°p tcJs∏´p-

Inńbn´p≈p. C{Xsb¶nepw ssIh∂Xn\v, kzmanPnbpsS Cw•ojv

sk{I´dn bphhmb sP. sP. KpUvhnt\mSmWv temIØn\p IS∏mSv.

KpUvhn≥ 1895 HSphn¬ Atacn°bn¬sh®v kzmanIfpsS At¥-

hmknbmbn. At±lw 1896˛¬ Cw•≠nte°pw 1897˛¬ `mcXØn-

te°pw kzmanPnsb A\pKan®p. 1898 PqWn¬ Duńbn¬sh®p

\ncymX\mbn. Du÷kze\mb KpUvhn≥ IpieXtbmSpw {i≤tbm-

Spw IqsS Xs‚ Kpcphns‚ AarX]Zßƒ AWphpw hn´pt]mImsX

NqtSmsS tiJcn®psh®p. Cu c≠cs°m√Øn\papºpw ]nºpw

kzmanPn ]Sn™mdpsh®p sNbvX temIhnkvam]Ißfmb {]kwK-

ßƒ Gsdbpw \ap°v \„s∏ńcn°bmWv. AhnSp∂p IØpIfpw

Nne teJ\ßfpw IhnXIfpsamgn®v H∂pwXs∂ kz¥w ssI-

sIm≠v FgpXnbnńs√∂p ]dbmw. (‘lnμp[¿Ωw’ F∂ {]_‘wNn°mtKm aXalmktΩf\Øn¬ FgpXn hmbn®Xpw, tbmK-

kq{XhnhcWw \yqtbm¿°n¬sh®p ]d™psImSpsØgpXn®Xp-

amWv.) AhnSpsØ A¤pXhmssKzJcn AXni‡ntbmsS s]s´∂p

s]mń∏pds∏Smtdbp≈p. KpUvhns‚ Npcps°gpØn\p ]pdsa

kzmanPnbpsS Ing°cpw ]Sn™mdcpamb ]e injy∑mcpsSbpw

X¬°me°pdn∏pIfpw ]n¬°me°pdn∏pIfpw ]{Xdnt∏m¿´pIfpw

iii


kmlnXyk¿ΔkzØnte°p≈ hnes∏´ apX¬°q´pIfmbn´p≠v.

kzmanPnbpsS hn{ipXinjybmb knÃ¿ \nthZnXbpsS {]uVamb

AhXmcnI hnthIm\μkmlnXysØ w_‘n® Hcp {]mamWnI-

tcJbmWv.

kzmanPnbpsS IrXnIƒ Cw•ojn¬ kºq¿Ækamlmccq]Øn¬

BZyw {]kn≤oIcn®Xv 1907˛emWv. A¬tamdm AssZzXm{iaØn¬-

\n∂v A∂Xp \mep `mKambncp∂Xv {ItaW IqSpX¬ tcJIƒ

h∂ptN¿∂ apdbv°p h¿≤n®v Ct∏mƒ F´mbn´p≠v. Cu F´pw

kuIcyapt±in®v hnjbhn`mKw sNbvXv Xmsg∏dbpw {]Imcw

Ggm°pIbmWv Rßƒ sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.

H∂mw `mKw tbmK{Xbw

1. I¿ΩtbmKw

2. cmPtbmKw

3. `‡ntbmKw

c≠mw ̀ mKw ⁄m\tbmKw

aq∂mw `mKw DØnjvT `mcX!

1. `mcXob{]kwKßƒ

2. `mcXtØmSv

3. `mcXhpw `mcXobcpw

\memw ̀ mKw XØzmt\zjWw

1. [¿Ω]cnNbw

2. lnμp[¿Ω]cnNbw

3. tbmK]cnNbw

4. thZm¥]cnNbw

(XØZvhnjbIambp≈ a‰p apJy{]kwKßfpw

injycpsS ]mT°pdn∏pIfpw a‰pw)

A©mw `mKw IØpIƒ

Bdmw ̀ mKw kw`mjWßƒ

1. kzmaninjykwhmZw

2. AarX`mjWw

3. tNmtZymØcßƒ

4. IqSn°mgvNIƒ

iv


Ggmw `mKw al®cnXßfpw IhnXIfpw a‰pw

1. al®cnXßƒ

2. IhnXIƒ

3. kq‡ßƒ

4. Ing°pw ]Sn™mdpw

5. ]m›mXy]cyS\w

6. eLpIrXnIƒ.

hnthIm\μkmlnXyk¿ΔkzØns‚ aqew Cw•ojpw _wKmfn-

bpw kwkvIrXhpamWv. t\cn´p aqe`mjbn¬ \n∂pXs∂bmWv

hnh¿Ø\w. hnh¿ØI∑mtchcpw hnthIm\μkmlnXyØns‚

NnchnZym¿∞nIfmWv. ‘{]Xn]Zw ]q¿ÆmarXmkzmZ\w’ sImXn®p]pds∏´hcmWv. F√mhcpw k¿Δmfl\m {]bXv\n®n´ps≠∂√msX

Bcpw A{]amZnXzw AhImis∏Sp∂n√. Aßs\Xs∂ {]km[I-

∑mcpw. kmlnXy{]km[\w Gsdbpw {io Ip´nIrjvWamcmcpw Ipsd

{io Fkv. Kp]vX≥\mbcpamWv sNbvXXv. _m°nbp≈hsc√mw

hnh¿Ø\{]km[\Øn¬ {i≤n®p. ss{XtemIym\μkzmanbmWv

imkv{X{]km[\w sNbvXXv. ]mXRvPetbmKkq{XßfpsS ]Zm¿-

∞hpw NphsSbp≈ hymJym\°pdn∏pIfpw Xømdm°p∂Xn¬

{ioaXv {]Imim\μkzmanItfmSp Rßƒ°v hfsc IS∏mSp≠v.

Cu aebmf∏Xn∏ns‚ ̨ {]tXyIn®pw BZysØ c≠p`mKßfpsS

˛ Hcp sshin„yw CXns‚ Nphs´gpØmWv ‘Fs‚ kac]cn]mSn’F∂ kp{]kn≤amb a{Zmkv {]kwKØn¬ {io kzmanIƒ ]dbp-

∂p: ‘‘\mw {i≤nt°≠ H∂masØ tPmen CXmWv; D]\njØpIfnepwaX{KŸßfnepw ]pcmWßfnepap≈ A¤pXkXyßƒ Ahbn¬-

\n∂p shfnbn¬ sIm≠p hcWw, ......\m´nseßpw ]cs° NnXdWw.

Aßs\ {]kvXpX kXyßƒ hS°papX¬ sX°phsc, Ing°p-

apX¬ ]Sn™mdphsc, lnamebwapX¬ I\ymIpamcnhsc, kn‘p-

apX¬ {_“]p{Xhsc˛Xot]mse IØn°mfn \mSmsI \SamSs´!

HmtcmcpØ\pw Ahsb AdnbWw.... BfpIƒ CXmZyw tIƒ°s´!

XßfpsS aX{KŸßfnep≈ alØmb kXyßƒ tIƒ°phm≥

klmbn°p∂h\v AXnepw sa®s∏´ as‰mcp I¿Ωw C∂p

sNøm\mhn√.’’ (hn.km.k. aq∂mw `mKw. ]p. 112, 113) {io kzmanIƒ-Xs∂ Xs‚ hm¿Kz¿jØneqsS sNbvXXv AXmWv. \ΩpsS imkv{X-

v


ßfnse BibßƒsIm≠p XpSp-Ø-XmWv Ahn-SpsØ hm°p-I-

sf-√mw. B imkv{X-hm-Iy-ßƒ ˛ {]k‡ßfpw {]k‡m\p{]k‡-

ßfpw˛BhXp tXSn∏nSn®p NphsS tN¿Øn´p≠v. CXpsIms≠√mam-

sbt∂m, Hs° DNnXXaasat∂m Rßƒ°p `mhan√. Cßs\-

sbmcp Nphs´gpØpw aqeIrXnbnen√. AhnSpsØ hm°pIƒ°p

{]mamWyw sImSp°m\√ Cu D≤cWßƒ; hmkvXhØn¬, imkv{X-

ßƒ {io kzmanPnbpsS hm°pIfnepw hm°pIsfs°m≠pw Bfl-

em`Øn\p shºpIbmWv. BfpIƒ°p ]cs°bp≠mIWsa∂p

{io kzmanIƒ D≈n¬Ø´n A`nejn® imkv{X]cnNbw, AXnem{K-

lap≈h¿°v, Cu Nphs´gpØpIfn¬ kpe`amWv. A√mØh¿°v

hnthIm\μkmlnXyw am{Xw hmbn®pt]mIphm≥ XShn√Xm\pw.

hnthIm\μkmlnXyØn¬Øs∂ {_m°‰n¬ sImSpØn´p≈Xp

hniZoIcWØn\mbn Rßƒ tN¿Øn´p≈XmWv. Hmtcm `mKØn-

s‚bpw HSphnembn {KŸkqNn, hmIykqNn, hnjbkqNn C{Xbpw

sImSpØn´p≈Xv hnZym¿∞nIƒ°pw KthjI∑m¿°pw hfsc

{]tbmP\IcamIpsa∂p hnizkn°p∂p. hnh¿Ø\w aqehpambn

HØpt\m°Wsa∂p≈hcpsS kuIcyØn\p aqekqNn (Cross-reference to the original) IqsS sImSpØn´p≠v. H∂mw `mKØn¬tbmKkq{X]mThpw, kq{XkqNnbpw IqsS hnZym¿∞nIfpsS kuI-

cym¿∞w sImSpØn´p≠v. NnckvacWob\mb {io kzmanIfpsS Hcp

]Shpw Hmtcm `mKØnepw tN¿Øn´p≠v.

{]kn≤oIcWw hfscbmfpIƒ k¿Δmfl\m klIcn®XpsIm-

≠mWv km[n®n´p≈Xv. hnh¿ØI∑mcpw {]km[I∑mcpw {]q^v

hmb\°mcpw hfscb[nIw ]WnsbSpØn´p≠v. A£cØnepw

A¿∞Ønepw hfsc ]nghpIƒ IÆn¬s∏SmsX InS∏p≠mhmw.

AsX√mw k÷\ßƒ s]mdpØp XncpØn hmbn°phm≥ At]£.

Hcpe£Øn∏Xn\mbncØn¬∏cw Ddp∏nI sNehp≈ Cu

iXm–kvamcI{]kn≤oIcWØns‚ tZiobKuchhpw kmlnXy-

alnabpw IcpXn CXv AXyp∂Xklmøm¿lamsW∂p tIcf-

kmlnXyA°mZanbpsS \n¿ΔlIkanXn GIIWvTambn tI{μ-

k¿°mdnt\mS`n{]mbs∏´Xn¬ Rßƒ°`nam\hpw \μnbpap≠v.

`mcXob`mjIfn¬ hnthIm\μkmlnXy{]kn≤oIcWØn\v klm-

bw \¬Im≥ {]mtZinIcmaIrjvWm{iaßƒ t_eq¿aTwhgn

tI{μk¿°mcnt\mSt]£n°pIbpw AXv kkt¥mjw A\phZn°-

s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. aebmfØn\v AºXn\mbncw Ddp∏nI A\ph-

vi


Zn®p. tIcfk¿°mcpw RßfpsS klmbm`ym¿∞\sb ssIs°m-

≠v ]Xn\mbncw Ddp∏nI A\phZn®pX∂p˛c≠p k¿°mcnt\mSpw

Afh‰ IrX⁄X. AXpt]mse as‰{Xtbm XcØn¬ Rßsf

klmbn®n´p≈ F√mhtcmSpw.

F√m‰n\pw ]pdsa C{Xbpw at\mlcambn A®Sn®pX∂ amXr`qan

{] nt\mSp Rßƒ°p≈ IS∏mSp Ipds®m∂pa√. AXnse F√m

{]h¿ØIcpw hnthIm\μkmlnXy{]kn≤oIcWw AhcpsS

kz¥wt]mse hm’ey]q¿Δw IcpXn Atßb‰w ]cn{ian®n´p≠v.

Ah¿°pw RßfpsS \μn.

hnthIm\μkmlnXyw aebmfØn¬ Hcphenb i‡nbmbnØo-

ctW F∂p t\¿∂psIm≠v Rßƒ Cu kvamcI{KŸw `KhXv-

]mZm¿∏Ww sNbvXpsIm≈p∂p.

P\phcn 28, 1962 ˛{]km[I∑m¿.

vii


\memw ̀ mKsØ∏‰n

{ioaZv hnthIm\μkzmanIfpw XØzNn¥bntebv°p≈ hmXnem-

Wv XØzmtºjWw.

XØzmt\zjWw a\pjys‚ hntijalnabt{X. (36) Ah\p

kXyØnte Pohn°m\mhq, anYybn¬ hø; kzmX{¥yw {]m]n°pw-

hsc kwXr]vXnbn√, ASnaØØn¬\n∂p IpXdnt∏mIWw. kXym-

t\zjWhpw kzmX{¥ykachpw sNbvXp XI¿ØpIbdp∂Xnse

Dt]m¬∏∂ßfmWv k¿Δ⁄m\hpw kwkvImchpw. HSphn¬ Xm≥-

Xs∂ ]cakXysa∂pw Xs‚ `mhwXs∂ A\¥kzmX{¥ysa∂pw

I≠p IrXIrXy\mIp∂Xt{X ]cakn≤n.

Pohn°p∂ Xm\pw Xs∂ Nqgp∂ {]]©hpw ˛Poh\pw PKØpw-

˛k¿Δa\pjys‚bpw hnNmcsØ Ihcp∂p. ‘‘F¥mWv kXyw? CutemItam’’ (2) ‘‘FhntSbv°p t]mIp∂p?’’ (14) ‘‘CsX√mw FhnsS-\n∂pw hcp∂p?’’ (16) Cu At\zjWw c≠p hgn°p Xncnbp∂p.’’(19) PohXØz{][m\amb At\zjWw BflhmZØntem A\mfl-

hmZØntem sNs∂Øn; PKØØz{][m\w CuizchmZØn¬

AYhm ùXnIXbn¬ At\zjn°p∂, Xs‚Xs∂ kØsbbpw

kzmX{¥ysØbpw \ntj[n®psIm≠p≈ CuizchmZhpw ùXnI-

hmZhpw Imen√m∏mhIfmWv; AØcw PohnXØzmt\zjWhpw

bp‡nkla√. ‘‘hymtJybamb hkvXpXbpsS HcwisØ \in∏n®vAhin„Øn¬ kzbw CWßns°m≈phm≥ t\m°p∂ Hcp

hymJym\w imkv{Xoba√, as‰¥mbmepw. ’’(16) Pohs‚ kØsb-bpw kzmX{¥ysØbpw ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈ XØzmt\zjWØnt\

]pds∏Sm≥Xs∂ Ignbq; h√Xpw {]m]n°m\pw. Cu \nebn¬, aXw

AYhm [¿Ωw kb≥kns\t∏mseXs∂ Hcp imkv{XamWv. (38)

Cu XØzmt\zjWØns‚ kmam\ycq]w ImńØcp∂XmWv [¿Ω-

]cnNbw. a\pjy∂p P∑mbØamb A¤pX`mKt[bsØbpw XXv-


{]m]vXn°p≈ am¿§sØbpw bp‡nbp‡w, km£m¬{]Xy£-

]cy¥w kzmanPn ChnsS {]Xn]mZn°p∂p. ‘‘Cu PohnXw kzmX{¥yw]nSn®p]‰’’emWv, (58) ‘‘kzmX{¥yamWv Cuizc≥,’’ (80) aXamIs´‘‘\nXyamb Bflmhn\p \nXy\mb Cuizct\mSp≈ \nXy_‘-at{X,’’ (37) Cu _‘w BtflizsscIyamWv. \nXy{]m]vXamb CuGIXz_‘Øn¬\n∂p h∂pIqSp∂ A\nhmcyamb IrXyw

‘‘hntijmhImißsf D∑qe\w sNøpIam{XamWv.’’ (119) ‘‘hnti-jmhImiw \in∏n°phm\mWv kacw.’’ (119)

F√mbnSØpap≈ F√m aXßfnepw XØzmt\zjWØns‚

Hmtcm `mhw ImWmsa¶nepw k¿Δ`mhßfpw ka\zbn°p∂ Htc

Hcp aXw lnμpaXamWv. lnμp[¿Ω]cnNbw kzmanPnbpsS lnμp-

aXZ¿i\amWv. CXnemZysØ ‘lnμp[¿Ωw’ kzmanPn FgpXnhmbn-®p temIØn\p \¬Inb Hc¤pXaX{]amWtcJbs{X. AhnSpsØ

injybmb knÃ¿ \nthZnX hnthIm\μkmlnXyk¿ΔkzØns‚

AhXmcnIbn¬ ]dbp∂p: ‘‘Bcw`Øn¬ AXp lnμp[¿ΩXØz-ßsf°pdn®mbncps∂¶nepw Ahkm\n®t∏mtgbv°pw AXp lnμp-

aXw kr„n°pIbmWp≠mbsX∂p ]dbmw.’’ (I, xvi) kzmanPnbpsSPohnXNcn{XImc∑m¿ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p: ‘‘lnμp[¿ΩsØ-°pdn®p≈ kzmanIfpsS {]_‘w aXßfpsS Ncn{XØn¬ Atß-

b‰w A\ymZrihpw B¿jhpamb Acpf∏mSmbncps∂∂p ]dbp-

∂Xp Xo¿®bmbpw \oXnbp‰ \ncq]WØns‚ AXn¿ØnIsf

Ihnbp∂X√.’’ (Life of Swami Vivekananda.p. 307)lnμphns\hnizhnime\mbpw lnμpaXsØ hnizaXambpw kzmanPn Z¿in°p∂

B¿jhpw tcmal¿jWhpamb Hcp {]hN\ap≠v; (141) ‘`mcX\h-{]t_m[\Øns‚ D÷zeX’sb∏‰n HcpZo¿LZ¿i\hpw.(201).

‘‘Hmtcm a\pjy\pw Ahs‚ kz{]IrXn°\pkcn®p thWwhnIkn°pI’’ (205) F∂ lnμp[¿Ωkn≤m¥{]Imcw ‘‘BfpIfpsShnhn[{]IrXnIƒ°pw kz`mhßƒ°pw ]mIs∏SpØnb’’ (205)\mep tbmKßƒ eLphmbp]tZin°p∂XmWv tbmK]cnNbw.

IqSmsX, hnthIm\μkmlnXyk¿ΔkzØnse H∂pw c≠pw `mKß-

fn¬ hn[n°s∏´n´p≈ NXp¿tbmKßfpsS CXnI¿ØhyXbpw

CXneSßnbncn°p∂p˛hntijn®pw ‘`‡ntbmK{]`mjW’ßfnepw

ix


‘eLpcmPtbmK’Ønepw ‘⁄m\tbmK{]`mjW’ßfnepw. \mcZ-`‡kq{XßfpsS Hcp eLphnh¿Ø\w hgn, Xs‚ imkv{X]cX

kzmanPn ho≠pw shfnhm°nbncn°p∂p. kq{X]mTw Rßƒ A\p-

_‘n®n´pap≠v.

tbmKNXp„b{]amWßfmb thZßsfbpw D]\njØpIsf-

bpw KoXsbbpw ]‰n s]mXphmbpw thZm¥sØ∏‰n hntijn®pap≈

hnNmcßfmWv ‘thZm¥]cnNb’Øn¬. ‘thZm¥w `mhnbnse aX-tam?’ F∂ A`ua{]`mjWØnse tNmZyw temIw apgph≥ tNmZn-°pw. tNmZn®pw XpSßnbncn°p∂p.

\n¿`bw XØzmt\zjWw sNøphm\pw XØzw Z¿in°phm\pw

XØzambn kzbw `hn°m\pw \ap°p Ignbs´!’

Pqembv 28, 1963 {]km[I∑m¿

x


hnjbm\p{IaWnI

s]mXp-ap-J-hpc ................. iii\mew `mK-sØ-∏‰n ................. viii

[¿Ω-]-cn-Nbw 1-̨ 120

A≤ymbw ]pdw

1. Bflmhpw Cuiz-c\pw aXhpw ................. 1

2. aX-Øns‚ D¬∏Øn ................. 14

3. aXw AXns‚ km[-\-ßfpw km[yhpw ................. 18

4. GIXzw aX-Øns‚ e£yw ................. 34

5. GIXzw ................. 39

6. aXhpw kb≥kpw ................. 41

7. aXw km£m¬°m-c-am-Wv ................. 42

8. aXw Bfl-\n-cm-k-amWv ................. 43

9. Bflm-hns‚ kz`m-hhpw AXns‚ e£yhpw ................. 44

10. aX-Øns‚ kmcmwiw ................. 54

11. hnI-k-\-bXv\w ................. 59

12. {]Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy\pw ................. 62

13. Bflmhpw {]Ir-Xnbpw ................. 65

14. {]]-©hpw Bflmhpw ................. 68

15. Bflmhpw Cuiz-c\pw ................. 70

16. e£yw ................. 71

17. aX-Øns‚ sXfn-hn-s\- w-_-‘n®v ................. 72

18. Pohn-X-a-c-W-ß-sf- w-_-‘n® \nbaw ................. 75

19. Pohn-Xa-c--W-ß-sf-∏-‰nb \nb-a-ßƒ ................. 76

20. \nb-ahpw kzmX-{¥yhpw ................. 78

21. Bflm-hns‚ kzmX{¥yw ................. 84

22. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w hn[n-bpsS hn[m-Xmhv ................. 84


23. hkvXphpw \ngepw: kXyhpw anYybpw ................. 89

24. c£m-am¿§w 91

25. B[p-\n-I-tem-IØp thZm¥w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ ÿm\w 93

26. Cuiz-c≥: kKp-W\pw \n¿Kp-W\pw ................. 97

27. km[\ AYhm D∂-X-Po-hn-X-Øn-\p≈ Hcp°w............. 99

28. ]cn-Wm-aw ................. 105

29. aXm-N-cWw ................. 108

30. {]e-b-˛-{]-`-h-ß-fpsS N{I-KXn ................. 109

31. cN-\m-hmZw ................. 112

33. hnti-jm-h-Imiw ................. 113

lnμp-[¿Ω-]-cn-Nbw 123-̨ 202

1. lnμp-[¿Ωw ................. 123

2. lnμp-aXw ................. 138

3. sslμ-h-Zm¿i-\n-I-Nn-¥-bpsS ]Sn-Iƒ ................. 142

4. `mc-X-Ønse aX-]-c-amb Nn¥m-KXn ................. 155

5. Bflmhv Aar-Xtam? ................. 159

6. ]p\¿P∑w ................. 162

7. Cuiz-cm-h-Xmcw ................. 176

8. BcmWm bYm¿∞-Kpcp? ................. 178

9. A[n-Im-cn-hm-Z-Øns‚ Xn∑-Iƒ ................. 178

10. injyXzw ................. 181

11. k∂ymkn ................. 195

12. k∂ym-knbpw Krl-ÿ\pw ................. 196

13. lnμp[¿Ωhpw {iocm-a-Ir-jvW\pw ................. 197

tbmK-]-cn-Nbw 205-̨ 469

1. e£yhpw km£m¬Im-tcm-]m-b-ßfpw................. 205

2. \mep tbmK-am¿§-ßƒ ................. 206

3. I¿Ω-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 209

4. ⁄m\hpw I¿Ωhpw ................. 212

5. \n zm¿∞-I¿Ωw bYm¿∞-k-∂ym-k-amWv ...... 217

6. a\- ns‚ kn≤n-Iƒ ................. 218

xii


7. GIm-{KX ................. 231

8. a\- ns‚ i‡n-Iƒ ................. 233

9. cmP-tbm-K-]m-T-ßƒ ................. 235

10. at\m-hn-⁄m-\o-b-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw ................. 243

11. cmP-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 248

12. GIm-{K-Xbpw izk-\hpw ................. 249

13. {]mWm-bmaw ................. 253

14. eLp-cm-P-tbmKw: Bdp ]mT-ßƒ ................. 258

15. {]mtbm-Kn-Im-≤ym-fln-I-X-sb-∏‰n kqN-\-Iƒ ..... 273

16. `‡n ................. 286

17. `‡n-tbm-K-{]-`m-j-W-ßƒ ................. 301

18. `‡n-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 359

19. `‡n-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 364

20. `‡n-tbm-K-]m-T-ßƒ ................. 365

21. Aw_m-cm-[\ ................. 375

22. \mc-Z-`-‡n-kq-{X-ßƒ ................. 380

23. `‡n-am¿§w ................. 384

24. Aw_n-Im-cm-[\ ................. 389

25. ⁄m\-tbm-K-Øn¬ Hcp {]mcw-`-]mTw................. 391

26. kzX-{¥-amb Bflmhv ................. 396

27. GI-kØ At\-I-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂p ........... 410

28. ⁄m\-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 421

29. amb-bpsS tlXp-sh¥v? ................. 426

30. hkvXphpw \ngepw ................. 428

31. ⁄m\-tbm-K-sØ-∏‰n ................. 428

32. ⁄m\-tbm-K-{]-`m-j-W-ßƒ ................. 429

33. lwkx tkmflw 463

thZm-¥-]-cn-Nbw 473-̨ 544

1. sshZn-I-[¿Ωm-Z¿i-ßƒ ................. 473

2. thZm-¥-Z¿i\w ................. 486

3. thZm¥w \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS Hcp LSIw................. 493

4. thZm-¥-Øns‚ tNX-\bpw {]`m-hhpw................. 497

xiii


xiv

5. thZm-¥-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ ................. 500

6. thtZm-]-\n-j-Zzn-Nmcw ................. 503

7. KoXm-hn-Nmcw ................. 506

8. thZm¥w `mhn-bnse aXtam? ................. 513

9. thZm-¥Z¿i-\-sØ-∏‰n ................. 535

10 _p≤-a-Xhpw thZm-¥hpw ................. 540

11. thZm-¥-Z¿i-\hpw {InkvXp-a-Xhpw ................. 542

\mc-Z-`-‡n-kq{Xw ................. 545

{KŸ-kqNn ................. 550

hmIy-kqNn ................. 551

hnj-b-kqNn ................. 552

aqe-kqNn ................. 577


[¿Ω]-cn-Nbw


1Bflmhpw Cuizc\pw aXhpw

`qXImeØns‚ s\SphoYnIfneqsS iXm–ßfpsS i–w \sΩ

kao]n®psIm≠ncn°p∂p˛lnamebØnse Ejnhcy∑mcptSbpw

AcWyhmknIfmb ap\namcptSbpw i–w; skan‰nIvh¿§ßfn-

seØnt®¿∂ i–w; _p≤≥ XpSßnbp≈ AXnt{ijvTcmb

B≤ymflnIKpcp°∑mcn¬°qSn \n¿§fnXamb i–w; a\pjys‚

`qXehmkmcw`wapX¬ Ahs\ A\pKan®v, Ah≥ t]mIp∂nS-

sa√mw {]`m]qcnXam°n, Ahs‚ k¥XklNmcnbmbn h¿Øn-

°p∂ B {]ImiØn¬Øs∂ Pohn°p∂hcn¬\n∂v DZocnXamb

i–w˛CXm Ct∏mgpw \Ωn¬ hs∂Øp∂p≠v. Cu i–w amaeapI-

fn¬\n∂v HgpInhcp∂ sNdpIpeyIsft∏msebmWv˛Nnet∏mƒ AXv

A{]Xy£amIp∂p, IqSpX¬ i‡nbp≈ Hscmgp°mbn ho≠pw

{]Xy£amIp∂p, HSphn¬ F√m Hgp°pIfpw IqSnt®¿∂v Hcp

hn]pe{]hmlambn®abp∂p. F√m aXk{ºZmbßfnepw P\-

kapZmbßfnepws]´, kv{XoIfpw ]pcpj∑mcpamb kakvX{]hmN-

I∑mcnepw almflm°fnepw\n∂p \ap°p e`n®n´p≈ B≤ymflnI-

ktμißƒ, AhbpsS i‡n H∂n®ptN¿Øp \tΩmSp `qXIme-

Øns‚ Imlf[z\nbn¬ kwkmcn°pIbmWv. AXp \ap°p \¬-

Ip∂ H∂masØ ktμiw, ‘\nßƒ°pw kakvX[¿Ωam¿§ßƒ-°pw im¥n `hn°s´’ F∂t{X. AXv ]ckv]ckwL¿jØns‚ktμia√, GIaXØns‚ ktμiamWv.

BZyambn, \ap°v Cu ktμisa¥msW∂p ]co£n°mw. Cu

\q‰m≠ns‚ Bcw`Øn¬, aXØns‚ IY Ign™p F∂v s]mXpth

Hcmi¶bp≠mbn. imkv{XobKthjWßfmIp∂ sImSnb Ccpºp-

IqS{]lcßtf‰v ]gb A‘(aX)hnizmkßsf√mw Ifna¨]m{X-

ßƒ IWs° s]m´nØI¿∂psIm≠ncp∂p. aXsa∂Xv Hcp]nSn

hnizmk{]amWßfpw A¿∞iq\yamb A\pjvTm\ßfpamsW∂p

IcpXnbh¿ \ncmicmbn, CXnI¿ØhyXmaqVcmbn, kakvXhpw

AhcpsS ssIhnc¬∏gpXneqsS hgpXns∏mbvs°m≠ncp∂p.

At⁄bXmhmZØnt‚bpw `uXnIhmZØnt‚bpw Ccºn∏m™p-

h∂ {]hmlw kIeXpw XqØSn®psIm≠p t]mhpIsb∂Xv A\n-

hmcysa∂p Ipd®pImew hnNmcn°s∏´p. ]ecpw XßfpsS hnNmc-

ßƒ ]pdØp]dbm≥ ss[cys∏SmsX Ign™pIqSn. At\Iw t]¿

aXØns‚ {]mamWyw Fs∂t∂bv°pambn \„s∏´psh∂pw, AXp


hnth-Im-\-μ-km-ln-Xy-k¿Δkzw IV

kw_‘n®v taen¬ bmsXmcmibv°pw hgnbns√∂pw hnNmcn®p.

F∂m¬ Im‰p Xncn™Sn®p; Hcp c£mam¿§w Is≠Øn. F¥m-

WXv? aXßfpsS XmcXay]T\w. \m\maXßfpsS ]T\Øn¬\n∂v

Ahsb√mw kmcmwiØn¬ H∂msW∂v \mw ImWp∂p. Ip´nbmbn-

cp∂t∏mƒ Fs∂bpw Cu kwibmflIXzw _m[n®p; aXsØ w_-

‘n®v F√m Bibpw shSntb≠nhcpsa∂pw Ipd®p \mtfbv°v

F\n°p tXm∂n. F∂m¬ `mKyhim¬ {InkvXpaXw, aplΩZpaXw,

_p≤aXw apXemb a‰paXßƒ ]Tn°m≥ F\n°p kwKXnbmbn;

Fs‚ aXw ]Tn∏n® auenIXØzßsfØs∂bmWv Ahbpw ]Tn∏n-

°p∂sX∂p I≠t∏mƒ F\n°p≠mb B›cysØ∏‰n F¥p

]dbs´! Cu hn[-Øn-emWv AsXs‚ Nn¥m-i-‡nsb kv]¿in-®-Xv.

Rm≥ kzbw tNmZn®p, F¥mWv kXyw? Cu temIw kXyamtWm?

AsX; F¥psIm≠v? Rm≥ AXp ImWp∂p F∂XpsIm≠v.

\mant∏mƒ tI´ a[pc[z\nIƒ kXyamtWm? AsX. F¥psIm≠v?

\mw Ah tI´p F∂XpsIm≠v. \ap°dnbmw, a\pjy\v Hcp icoc-

hpw IÆpw sNhnbpsa√maps≠∂v; am{Xa√, \ΩpsS Zr„n°p

tKmNca√mØ Hcp B≤ymflnIkz`mhhpw Ah\ps≠∂p \ap°-

dnbmw. B≤ymflnIIcWßƒ D]tbmKn®v Ah\v Cu hnhn[-

aXßsf∏‰n ]Tn°mw, Aßs\ F√m aXßfpw˛Ah `mcXØnse

h\m¥¿`mKßfn¬sh®p]tZin°s∏´Xmbmepw icn, Hcp

ss{IkvXhcmPytØm as‰hnsSsb¶neptamsh®v D]tZin°s∏´Xm-

bmepw icn˛kmcmwiØn¬ H∂pXs∂bmsW∂p a\ nem°m\pw

Ah∂p Ignbpw. aXw a\pjya\ ns‚ Hcp kzm`mhnImhiyam-

sW∂pam{XamWv CXp shfnhm°p∂Xv. Hcp aXØns‚ kXymhÿ-

sb w_‘n® sXfnhv, a‰p aXßfpsS kXymhÿsb w_‘n®

sXfnhns\ B{ibn®p\n¬°p∂p. DZmlcWambn, F\n°v Bdp

hncepIfps≠∂pw a‰m¿°pw Aßs\bns√∂pw h∂m¬ AsXmcp

Akzm`mhnIXbmsW∂v (AXn\m¬ icnbmbp≈Xn¬\n∂p hyXn-

cn‡amsW∂v) \nßƒ°p Xo¿®bmbn´pw ]dbmw. Hcp aXta kXy-

ambn´p≈q, as‰√mw sX‰mWv F∂ hmZKXnbnepw CtX bp‡n

kwKXat{X. temIØn¬ Hcmƒ°pam{Xw Bdp hncepIfp≠mbn-

cn°pI F∂Xnset∏mse, (a‰p aXßfn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambn)

Hcp aXw am{Xw D≠mbncn°pI F∂p≈Xpw Akzm`mhnIambncn-

°pw. AXn\m¬, Hcp aXw icnbmsW¶n¬ as‰√m aXßfpw icnbmI-

Wsa∂p \mw ImWp∂p. A{][m\mwißfn¬ hyXymkap≠mbncn-

°pw; F∂m¬ kmcmwißfn¬ Ahsb√mw H∂pXs∂. Fs‚

A©phncepIƒ icnbmsW¶n¬, BbXp \nßfpsS A©p hncepw

2



icnXs∂ F∂p sXfnbn°p∂p. a\pjy≥ FhnsSbncp∂mepw

Ah≥ BkvXnIy_p≤nsb hnIkn∏n°Ww. B≤ymflnIX

hf¿Øns°m≠phcWw.

temIØnse hnhn[aXßfpsS ]T\Øn¬\n∂p Rm≥ ImWp∂

as‰mcp hkvXpX, Bflmhnt\bpw Cuizct\bpw kw_‘n®

Bibßƒ°p aq∂p ]SnIfps≠∂p≈XmWv. H∂maXmbn, \izc-

amb tZlØn\p ]pdsa, tZlsØt∏mse amdns°m≠ncn°mØ

Hcwiw,AhnImcyhpw imizXhpw acWclnXhpamb GtXm H∂v

Ds≠∂v F√m aXßfpw kΩXn°p∂p. F∂m¬ ]n¬°meØp-

≠mb Nne aXßƒ, hn\mian√mØ Hcwiw \Ωneps≠∂p

kΩXn°p∂tXmsSm∏w AXn\v BZnbp≠mbncp∂p F∂pw kn≤m-

¥n°p∂p≠v. F∂m¬ BZnbp≈ GsXm∂n\pw Ahiyw A¥hp-

ap≠mhWw. \ap°v, AXmbXv˛\Ωnse kØmb AwiØn\v˛Hcn°-

epw BZnbp≠mbnń√. Hcn°epw A¥hpap≠mIbn√. \aps°√mw

tase, \nXyamb Cu {]IrXn°pw tase, \nXyhpw imizXhpambn

as‰mcp kØbp≠v˛ Cuizc≥. BfpIƒ temImcw`sØ∏‰nbpw

a\pjys‚ D¬∏Ønsb∏‰nbpw kwkmcn°mdp≠v. ‘Bcw`’sa∂Xn\vHcp I¬∏Øns‚ Bcw-`-sat∂ A¿∞-ap-≈p. BsI-°q-Sn-bp≈

{]]-©-Øns‚ Bcw`sa∂v AXns\mcnSØpw A¿∞an√. kr„n°v

Hcmcw`w D≠mhpIsb∂Xv Akm[yw. HcmcwÌmesØ hn`mh\w

sNøpI \nßfnem¿°pw km≤ya√. Bcwàp≈ GsXm∂n\pw

Ahkm\hpap≠mhWw. ‘‘Rm≥ Hcn°epw C√mXncp∂nń√, \obpwAßs\Xs∂. \Ωfmcpw taen¬ C√mXmIbpan√. ’’F∂mWv`KhZvKoX* ]dbp∂Xv. kr„nbpsS Bcw`sØ∏‰n ]dbp∂nSsØ-

√mw I¬∏Øns‚ BcwàmWv Dt±in°s∏ń´p≈Xv. \nßfpsS

icocw \miaSbpw. F∂m¬ Bflmhv Hcn°epw \in°n√.

Bflmhns\°pdn®p≈ Cu BibtØmsSm∏w AXns‚ ]cn-

]q¿ÆXsb w_‘n®v as‰mcp Iq´w Bibßfpw ImWp∂p≠v.

Bflmhv kzbw]q¿ÆamWv. blqZ∑mcpsS ‘]pXnb \nbaw’ a\p-jy≥ BZnbn¬ ]q¿Æ\mbncp∂psh∂p kΩXn°p∂p≠v. Ah≥

kz¥w I¿ΩßƒsIm≠mWv Aip≤\mbXv. Ah\p Xs‚ ]q¿Δ-

{]IrXnsb, ]cnip≤mhÿsb hos≠Spt°≠nbncn°p∂p. Nne¿

A¿∞hmZßfpw sI´pIYIfpw {]XoIßfpw a‰pw aptJ\bmWv

Cu Imcyßƒ {]Xn]mZn°p∂Xv. Cu {]kvXmh\Isf A]{KYn®p-

3

* \ tXzhmlw PmXp \mkw, \ Xzw t\ta P\m[n]mx\ ssNh \ ̀ hnjymax k¿tΔ hbaXx ]cw. (KoX. 2.12)



XpSßptºmƒ, a\pjymflmhv AXns‚ bYm¿∞cq]Øn¬

]cn]q¿ÆamsW∂pw AXn\v B ]q¿Δhnip≤n hos≠Spt°≠Xp-

s≠∂pw Ahsb√mw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xmbn ImWmw. Fßs\? Cuizc-

⁄m\Øm¬. blqZ∑mcpsS ss__nƒ ]dbpwt]mse, ‘‘]p{X\n¬-°qSnb√msX B¿°pw (]nXmhmb) Cuizcs\ ImWm≥ Ignbn√.’’F¥mWnXns‚ Bibw? Cuizcs\ Is≠ØemWv a\pjyP∑Øn-

s‚ Dt±iyhpw e£yhpw. ]nXmhpambn sFIyw {]m]n°p∂Xn\p-

apºp ]p{X`mhap≠mhWw. a\pjy\v Ahs‚ ]hn{XX s]mbvt∏m-

bXp kz¥w I¿ΩßfpsS êambn´msW∂v Hm¿Ωn°Ww. \mw

I„Xb\p`hn°ps∂¶n¬, AXp \ΩpsS kz¥w {]hrØnIfpsS

êamWv; AXn\v Cuizcs\ Ip‰s∏SpØmhp∂X√. bqtdm]y∑m¿

hnIrXam°p∂Xn\papºv km¿Δ{XnIambncp∂ ]p\¿÷∑kn≤m-

¥w Cu Bibßfpambn ASpØp _‘s∏ńcn°p∂ H∂mWv.

\nßfn¬ Nne¿ AXp tIńcn°mw, AhKWn°bpw sNbvXncn-

°mw. a\pjymflmhv k\mX\amsW∂ kn≤m¥tØmSp kam¥c-

ambn t]mIp∂XmWv Cu ]p\¿÷∑kn≤m¥w. Hcp ¢n]vXkabØv

Ahkm\n°p∂ GsXm∂n\pw Hcmcwàn√mXncn°m≥ hø; Hcp

¢n]vXkabØv Bcw`n°p∂ GsXm∂n\pw Hchkm\an√mXncn-

°m\pw hø. a\pjymflmhns‚ Bcw`w F∂Xpt]msebp≈ Hcp

òaamb Akm[yXbn¬ hnizkn°phm≥ \ap°mhn√. ]p\¿÷∑-

kn≤m¥w Bflmhns‚ kzmX{¥ysØ {]Jym]\w sNøp∂p. ({]]-

©Øn∂msI°qSn) tIheamb HcmZnbp≠mbncp∂p F∂p k¶¬-

∏n°pI. At∏mƒ, a\pjy\nep≈ Ahnip≤nbpsS apgph≥ DØc-

hmZnXzhpw Cuizc\n¬ sN∂ptNcp∂p. k¿ΔImcpWnI\mb ]nXm-

hv temIØnse ]m]ßƒs°√mw DØchmZn! ]m]Øns‚ D¬∏Øn

Cu hn[ØnemsW¶n¬ Hcph≥ as‰mcphs\°mtfsd ZpxJw

A\p`hnt°≠nhcp∂sX¥psIm≠v? AXp k¿ΔImcpWnI\mb

Cuizc\n¬\n∂p hcp∂XmsW¶n¬, Cu ]£]mXw F¥psIm≠v?

e£°W°n\mfpIƒ (a‰p≈hcpsS) Im¬®hn´pIƒ°ncbmIp∂-

sX¥psIm≠v? ]ńWn A¿ln°Ø°hÆw bmsXm∂pw sNbvXn-

ń√mØh¿ ]ńWnInSt°≠nhcp∂sX¥psIm≠v? BcmWpØ-

chmZn? a\pjy¿°√ CXn¬ I¿ØrXzsa¶n¬, Xo¿®bmbpw Cuiz-

c≥ DØchmZnbmIWw. AXn\m¬, Hcph≥ A\p`hn°p∂ ZpcnX-

ßƒs°√mw Ah≥Xs∂ DØchmZn F∂p≈XmWv Iptd°qSn

sa®amb kam[m\w. Rm≥ (I¿Ω)N{IsØ Npg‰nhn´m¬ AXns‚

êØn\pw Rm≥ DØchmZnbmWv. F\n°p ZpxJw hcpØphm≥

4



Ignbpsa¶n¬ AXn√mXm°phm\pw Ignbpw. CXn¬\n∂p \mwkzX{¥cmsW∂p kn≤n°p∂p. hn[n Fs∂m∂n√. \sΩ _em¬{]h¿Øn∏n°p∂Xmbn bmsXm∂pan√. \mw sNbvXXp d±m°m≥\ap°p IgnbpIbpw sNøpw.

Cu kn≤m¥tØmS\p_‘n® Hcp hmZKXnbntebv°p \nßfpsS£am]q¿Δamb {i≤ Rm\¿∞n°p∂p; ImcWw AXv Aev]wkq£vaamWv. \mw \ΩpsS F√m Adnhpw kºmZn°p∂Xv A\p`h-ßƒ hgn°mWv; Adnhv t\Sm≥ AtX hgnbp≈q. \mw A\p`hß-sf∂p ]dbp∂Xp t_m[XeØnemWv \S°p∂Xv. DZmlcWØn\v,Hcmƒ ]nbmt\mhn¬ Hcp cmKw hmbn®p ]Tn°ptºmƒ BZyw HmtcmI´bnepw t_m[]q¿Δw a\ psh®p hnc¬ \SØp∂p. hncepI-fpsS B \S∏p ioeamIpwhsc Abmƒ B {]{Inb Bh¿Øn-°p∂p. ]n∂oSbmƒ°v Hmtcm I´bnepw {]tXyIw a\ pshbv°msXcmKw hmbn°phm≥ Ignbp∂p. AXpt]mse, \sΩ w_‘n®p\ΩpsS I¿Ω{]hWXIƒ, apºp t_m[]q¿Δw sNbvXn´p≈ I¿Ω-ßfpsS êamsW∂p ImWmw. inip Nne hmk\ItfmSpIqSn P\n-°p∂p. Ah FhnsS\n∂p h∂p? Hcp iniphpw H∂psagpXmØt…‰pt]mse iq\yamb a\ pamb√ P\n°p∂Xv. apt∂ AXn¬Nne FgpØpIƒ \S∂n´p≠v. Hcp Ipńbpw iq\yamb a\t mSp-IqSn ]nd°p∂ns√∂p {Kokntebpw CuPn]vXntebpw ]pcmX\-XØzimkv{X⁄∑m¿ ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. apºp t_m[]q¿Δw sNøs∏Í¿ΩßfpsS êambn, Hcp \qdp kwkvImcßtfmSpIqSnbmWvHmtcm iniphpw P\n°p∂Xv. Ah Ipń Cu P∑Øn¬ kºmZn®-X√; AXn\m¬ ap≥P∑ßfn¬ B¿÷n®XmhWsa∂p kΩXn°m≥\mw \n¿∫≤cmIp∂p. Cu {]hWXIƒ ap≥I¿ΩßfpsS êam-sW∂v, AXnXo{h\mb ùXnIhmZn°pw kΩXnt°≠nh∂ncn-°p∂p; F∂m¬ Ah ]mcºcyw hgn°mWv hcp∂sX∂v Ahc`n-{]mbs∏Sp∂psh∂p am{Xw. Cu ]mcºcy\nbaa\pkcn®v, \ΩpsS]nXr˛]nXmal˛{]]nXmal∑m¿ \Ωntebv°v AhXo¿ÆcmIp∂p.]mcºcy\nbaw am{Xw CXn\p kam[m\amIpsa¶n¬, ]ns∂ Bflm-hn¬ hnizknt°≠ Bhiyw Xoscbn√; Fs¥∂m¬ icocwXs∂F√mØn\pw kam[m\w \¬Ipw. ùXnIkn≤m¥tØbpw B≤ym-flnIkn≤m¥tØbpw kw_‘n®p≠mbn´p≈ \m\mhmZßfntebv-°v ISt°≠Xn√. Hcp {]XyKmflmhn¬ hnizkn°p∂h¿°v CXp-hscbpw am¿§w kv]„amWv. bp‡nbp‡amb Hcp \nKa\Ønse-Ønt®cm≥, \ap°p ]q¿ΔP∑ßƒ D≠mbncp∂p F∂p kΩXnt®Xocq. {]mNo\cpw B[p\nIcpamb XØzNn¥I∑mcptSbpw Bfl-⁄m\nIfptSbpw hnizmkanXmWv. blqZcpsS CSbn¬ Cu kn≤m-¥w hnizkn°s∏ńcp∂p. tbip{InkvXp CXn¬ hnizkn®ncp∂p.

5



‘F{_lman\papºpw Rm\p≠v’ F∂v At±lw ss__nfn¬ ]d™n-cn°p∂p. as‰mcp `mKØv Cßs\bpw ]dbp∂p≠v, ‘(apºv)h∂n´ps≠∂p ]dbs∏Sp∂ Genbmkv Ct±lamWv.’

\m\mP\kapZmbßfpsS CSbn¬ \m\m]cnÿnXnIfnepwkmlNcyßfnepw hf¿∂ph∂n´p≈ \m\maXßfpsSsb√mw D¤-hÿm\w Gjybt{X. Gjy°m¿ Ahsb icn°p a\ nem°pI-bpw sNøp∂p. P∑`qan°p ]pdØp IS∂t∏mƒ Ahbn¬ {]amZ-ßƒ IqSn°e¿∂p. {InkvXpaXØnse G‰hpw Kl\ßfpw D¬°r-„ßfpamb Bibßƒ bqtdm∏n¬ Hcn°epw {Kln°s∏ńń√;ImcWw, ss__nƒ FgpXnbh¿ D]tbmKn® Bibßfpw `mh\-Ifpw bqtdm∏n\v A]cnNnXßfmbncp∂p. DZmlcWØn\v, hnip≤-I\yIbpsS (Madonna) Nn{XßƒXs∂ FSp°pI. Htcm Nn{X-Imc\pw Xm≥ ap≥Iqń cq]h¬°cn® kz¥w Bibßƒ°\pk-cn®mWv hnip≤I\yIsb Nn{XoIcn°pI. tbip{InkvXphns‚‘XncphØmg’Øns‚ Nn{Xßƒ \qdpIW°n\p Rm≥ I≠n´p≠v;Ahbnse√mw At±lsØ Hcp taibv°cnIn¬ CcpØnbncn°p∂p.F∂m¬ {InkvXp Hcn°epw taita¬ sh®v Blmcw Ign®nń√;At±lw a‰p≈htcmsSm∏w Xdbn¬ Ccn°bmWv sNbvXn´p≈Xv.Ah¿°v Hmtcm IpSph≥]m{Xhpw (bowl) D≠mbncp∂p. AXn¬Ah¿ sdmńap°nbncp∂p˛ B sdmń \nßƒ C∂p Ign°p∂ Xca√,A\yP\ßfpsS A]cnNnXßfmb BNmcßƒ a\ nem°pIGsXmcp P\Xbv°pw {]bmkamWv. {Ko°pImcptSbpw tdmam°m-cptSbpw a‰pw kº¿°w \nanØw At\I\q‰m≠pIfneqsS h∂p-tN¿∂ am‰ßƒ°pw IqSn°e¿∏pIƒ°pw tijw, blqZ∑mcpsSBNmcßsf icn°p a\ nem°pI F∂Xv bqtdm]y∑m¿°vF{Xtbm IqSpX¬ ZpjvIcambncp∂p! {InkvXpaXsØ BhcWwsNbvXn´p≈ sI´pIYIfnepw ]pcmWIYmhenIfnepwIqSn kpμc-amb B aXØns‚ hfsc sNdnb Hcwita P\ßƒ°v In´p∂p≈p-sh¶n¬ A¤pXan√; C∂sØ P\ßƒ B aXsØ Hcp I®hS®c-°m°nbn´p≈Xpw A¤pXa√.

\ap°p {]Xn]mZyØnte°p aSßmw. Bflmhv k\mX\amWv,AXns‚ {]` aßnt∏mbncn°p∂p, Cuizc⁄m\w sIm≠v AXns‚]q¿Δ]cnip≤n hos≠Spt°≠nbncn°p∂p ˛ C{Xbpw F√mwaXßfpw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xmbn \mw ImWp∂p. Cu hnhn[aXßfnse-√mw Cuizcs\∏‰nbp≈ Bibsa¥mWv? BZyImesØ Bibwhfsc Ahy‡ambncp∂p. G‰hpw {]mNo\cmb P\kapZmbßƒ-°v, kqcy≥, `qan, A·n, Pew CXymZn ]e tZh∑mcp≠mbncp∂p.]pcmX\blqZ∑mcpsS CSbn¬ Cßs\bp≈ At\Iw tZh∑m¿

]ckv]cw D{Kamb t]mcm´w \SØnbncp∂Xmbn ImWp∂p.

6



A\¥cw, blqZ∑mcpw _m_ntemWnb∑mcpw Bcm[n®ncp∂

‘Ctfmlnw’ F∂ tZhs\ ImWp∂p. Iptd°qSn Ign™m¬, Hcoiz-c≥ F√mhcnepw tase \nesIm≈p∂Xmbn ImWmw. F∂m¬ BA[oitZhs\ w_‘n®p hn`n∂h¿§°m¿°v BissbIyan√m-

bncp∂p. XßfpsS Cuizc\mWv G‰hpw henbhs\∂v Hmtcm

Iqćpw iTn®p. Ah¿ bp≤whgn AXp ka¿∞n°phm\pw {ian®p.bp≤Øn¬ G‰hpw \n]pWX {]Z¿in∏n® h¿§w AXphgn Xßfp-

sS Cuizc\mWv G‰hpw henbhs\∂p sXfnbn®p. B a\pjy-

h¿§ßƒ Gsd°psd A\mKcnIcmbncp∂p. F∂m¬ {ItaW ]gbBibßfpsS ÿm\Øv DØtcmØcw sa®s∏´ Bibßƒ

h∂ptN¿∂p. ]gb Bibßsf√mw, D]tbmKan√mØ km[\ßƒ

\nt£]n°phm\p≈ Iehdbntebv°p \o°s∏´p. As√¶n¬ \o°-s∏´psIm≠ncn°p∂p. B aXßsf√mw At\Iw \q‰m≠pIfneqsS

D≠mbn hf¿∂ph∂hbmWv. H∂pw BImiØn¬\n∂p s]mń-

hoWX√. Hmtcm∂pw ]Sn]Snbmbn BhnjvIcn°s∏tS≠nbncp∂p;XpS¿∂phcp∂Xv, GtIizc]camb BibßfmWv; k¿Δi‡\pw

k¿Δ⁄\pw hnizØn\papgph≥ \mY\pamb Htc Cuizc\nep≈

hnizmkw. Cu GtIizc≥ {]]©Øn\p shfnbv°p h¿Øn°p∂-h\mWv. AhnSp∂p kz¿§Øn¬ hmWcpfp∂p. AhnSpsØ k¶¬-

∏n®hcpsS ÿqe`mh\Iƒ AhnSpsØta¬ Btcm]n®ncn°p∂p.AhnSptØbv°p heXphihpw CSXphihpap≠v, Iøn¬ Hcp

]£nbp≠v F∂pw a‰pw. ]t£, Hcp Imcyw \ΩpsS {i≤bn¬ s]Sp-

∂p˛h¿§tZhXIƒ Ft∂bv°pambn ad™psh∂pw AhbpsSÿm\w hnizØns‚ GI\mY\mb Hcoizc≥, Hcp tZhm[ntZh≥

Gs‰SpØpIgn™psh∂pw. F¶nepw AhnSp∂p {]]©_mly-

\mWv; A\`nKay≥. bmsXm∂n\pw AhnSpsØ ASpØp sN√m≥km[ya√. {ItaW Cu BibØn\pap≠mbn ]cnh¿Ø\w. X¬-

êambn ASpØ]Snbn¬ {]IrXnbpsS A¥cymanbmb Hcoizcs\

\mw ImWp∂p.

ss__nfnse ]pXnb \nbaØn¬, ‘kz¿§ÿ\mb \ΩpsS]nXmhv’˛a\pjycn¬\n∂p hn´v kz¿§Øn¬ hkn°p∂ Cuizc≥-˛F∂p ]d™ncn°p∂p. \mw `qanbn¬ Xmakn°p∂p. AhnSp∂pkz¿§Ønepw. F∂m¬ CXn\papºv ImWp∂p≠v, AhnSp∂p {]]©-

Øn¬ A¥cymanbmsW∂pw kz¿§Ønseam{Xa√, `qanbnsebpw

Cuizc\msW∂pw {]kvXmhn°p∂ `mKßƒ. \ΩpsS D≈nencn-°p∂ Cuizc\mWhnSp∂v. Cuizc∂v \tΩmSv CtX\nebnep≈

ASp∏sØ Ipdn°p∂ Hcp L´w sslμhXØzimkv{Xßfnepw

ImWmw. ]t£, Rßƒ AhnSwsIm≠hkm\n∏n°p∂n√. Xm≥

7



Bcm[n®ph∂ncp∂ Cuizc≥ kz¿§Øntebpw `qanbntebpw

]nXmsh∂pam{Xa√, ‘Rm\pw Fs‚ ]nXmhpw H∂mWv’ F∂va\pjy≥ A\p`hs∏SpØp∂ Hcp AssZzXL´hpap≠v. AhnsS,Xm≥ Cuizc≥Xs∂sb∂v Ah\p Xs‚ Bflmhn¬ A\p`qXam-Ip∂p˛Xm≥ Cuizcs‚ Ipd™ tXmXnep≈ Hc`nkv̂ pcWw am{Xam-sW∂v. F∂n¬ kØmbn´p≈sX√mw Cuizc≥Xs∂; Cuizc\n¬kØmbn´p≈sX√mw Rm\pw. Cuizc\pw a\pjy\pw XΩnep≈hnShv Cßs\ \nIØs∏ńcn°p∂p. C{]Imcw, Cuizcs\ Adnbp-∂Xpaqew kz¿§cmPyw \Ωn¬Øs∂bmbncn°p∂Xv Fßs\sb∂v\ap°p a\ nemIp∂p.

H∂masØ L´Øn¬, AXmbXv ssZzXmhÿbn¬, a\pjy≥Xms\mcp sNdnb hy‡n˛tPmtWm sPbnwtkm tSmtam˛BsW∂phnNmcn°p∂p; ‘‘Rm≥ F°mehpw tPmtWm sPbnwtkm tSmtamBbncn°pw, Hcn°epw as‰m∂pamhn√’’ F∂p ]dbpIbpw sNøp-∂p. Hcp sIme]mXIn h∂v, ‘Rm≥ F∂pw Hcp sIme]mXInbmbn-Øs∂ Ccn°pw’ F∂p ]dbp∂Xnt\°mƒ Ipd-™-X√ Cu\ne]mSv. F∂m¬, ImeKXnbn¬ tSmw A¥¿≤m\w sNøp∂p;BZysØ ip≤\mb BZmambn (]m]w Xo≠mØ Bflmhmbn)aSßnsbØp∂p.

‘‘lrZbip≤nbp≈h¿ A\pKrloX¿, Fs¥∂m¬ Ah¿Cuizcs\ ImWpw.’’ \ap°v Cuizcs\ ImWm≥ Ignbptam? Xo¿®-bmbpan√. \ap°v Cuizcs\ Adnbm≥ km[n°ptam? Xo¿®bmbp-an√. Cuizcs\ Adnbm≥ km[n®m¬∏ns∂ AhnSp∂v Cuizc\√.Adnhv ]cnanXnbmWv. F∂m¬ Rm\pw Fs‚ ]nXmhpw H∂t{X˛-]cam¿∞XØzsØ Rm≥ Fs‚ Bflmhn¬ ImWp∂p. CuBibßƒ Nne aXßfn¬ hy‡ambn {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v; a‰pNnehbn¬ kqN\Itf D≈q. Nne aXßfn¬ Ah \nckn°s∏´p.{InkvXphns‚ D]tZißƒ Cu cmPyØv Ct∏mƒ hfsc Npcp°-ambnt´ a\ nem°s∏Sp∂p≈q. \nßƒ £an°psa¶n¬ AhHcn°epw icnbmbn {Kln°s∏ńńs√∂p Rm≥ ]dbpw.

]cnip≤nbpw ]q¿ÆXbpw {]m]n°phm≥ hf¿®bpsS \m\mL´-ßƒ XnI®pw BhiyamWv. ]eXcw aXk{ºZmbßsf√mw HtcBibßfmIp∂ ASnØdbnt∑emWv Dd∏n®n´p≈Xv. ‘kz¿§cmPyw\nßfpsS D≈nemWv’ F∂p {InkvXp ]dbp∂p≠v; ‘\ΩpsS kz¿§-ÿ\mb ]nXmhv’ F∂pw ]dbp∂p. Cu c≠p hN\ßtfbpw\nßƒ Fßs\ s]mcpØs∏SpØpw? Cuhn[Øn¬˛c≠masØhmIyw hnZym`ymkan√mØ, aXm`yk\w e`n®nń√mØ, kmam\yP\-

tØmSp kwkmcn®t∏mƒ ]d™XmWv. AhtcmSv AhcpsS kz¥w

8



`mjbn¬ kwkmcnt°≠nbncp∂p. km[mcWP\ßƒ°v C{μnb-

{Kmlyamb ÿqemibßƒ thWw. Hcmƒ temIØnse G‰hpw

henb XØzimkv{X]finX\mhmw; ]t£ aXhnjbØn¬ Hcp

iniphmsW∂p hcmw. Hcph≥ B≤ymflnIXbpsS Hcpb¿∂ ]Snbn-

seØptºmƒ, Ah∂p kz¿§cmPyw Xs‚ D≈nemsW∂p a\ nem-

°m≥ km[n°pw. AXmWv km£m¬ am\knIcmPyw. Aßs\,

F√m aXßfnepw ÿqeZr„nbn¬ tXm∂n°p∂ sshcp≤yßfpw

s]mcpØt°SpIfpw hf¿®bpsS hnhn[L´ßsf Ipdn°pIam{X-

amWv sNøp∂sX∂v \mw ImWp∂p. AXn\m¬ Hcpht\bpw Ahs‚

aXhnizmkw kw_‘n®p Ip‰s∏SpØphm≥ \ap°[nImcan√.

hf¿®bpsS Nne L´ßfn¬ {]XnaIfpw {]XoIßfpsa√mw thWw;

AhbmWv B L´ßfn¬ h¿Øn°p∂ BfpIƒ°v a\ nem°m≥

km[n°p∂ `mj.

Rm≥ \nßfpsS {i≤bn¬ sIm≠phcphm\m{Kln°p∂ ASpØ

Bibw, aXw hnizmk{]amWßfnepw A`n{]mbßfnepa√ ASßn-

bncn°p∂sX∂p≈XmWv. \nßƒ F¥p hmbn°p∂p, As√¶n¬

F¥`n{]mbßfn¬ hnizkn°p∂p F∂p≈X√ {][m\w, F¥p

km£m¬°cn°p∂p F∂p≈XmWv. ‘‘lrZbip≤nbp≈h¿ A\p-KrloX¿, Fs¥∂m¬ Ah¿ Cuizcs\ ImWpw.’’ AtX, Cu P∑-Øn¬Øs∂; AXmWv ap‡nsb∂p ]dbp∂Xpw, Nne i–ßƒ

DcphnSp∂XpsIm≠v CXp km[n°msa∂p ]Tn∏n°p∂hcp≠v.

F∂m¬ alm∑mcmb BNmcy∑mcnemcpwXs∂, ap‡n°p _mlym-

\pjvTm\ßƒ BhiyamsW∂v CXphsc ]Tn∏n®nń√. ap‡n

{]m]n°m\p≈ Ignhv \Ωfn¬Øs∂bp≠v. \mw Pohn°p∂Xpw

Nen°p∂Xpw Cuizc\nemWv. aXhnizmkßƒ°pw aXk{ºZmb-

ßƒ°pw \n¿Δlnt°≠Xmbn AhbpsS A\pjvTm\hn`mKß-

fp≠v. F∂m¬ Ah IpńIƒ°p≈XmWv, Aev]ImetØbvt°

Ah \ne\n¬°p∂pap≈p. {KŸßƒ Hcn°epw aXßsf kr„n°p-

∂n√; adn®v aXßƒ {KŸßsf kr„n°p∂p. Cu hkvXpX \mw

hnkvacn°cpXv. Hcp {KŸhpw Cuizcs\ kr„n®nń√; F∂m¬

Cuizc≥ F√m alm{KŸßƒ°pw {]tNmZ\w \¬In. Hcp {KŸ-

hpw Hcn°epw Hcmflmhns\ kr„n®nń√; AXp \mw Hcn°epw

hnkvacn°cpXv. Cuizcs\ Bflmhn¬ km£m¬°cn°pIsb∂-

XmWv F√m aXßfpsSbpw e£yw. AXmWv km¿ΔP\o\amb

GIaXw. F√m aXßfnepw s]mXphmb Hcp km¿Δ{XnIXØzap-

s≠¶n¬, AXv C°mcyØnemWv, Cuizckm£m¬°mcØnemWv

F∂v Rm≥ ]dbp∂p, BZ¿ißfpw am¿§ßfpw hyXymks∏Smw;

9



F∂m¬ Ahbvs°√mw tI{μambncn°p∂ Bibw CXmWv. hn`n∂-

ßfmb Hcmbncw BNmcßfp≠mhmw; Ahsb√mw Hcp tI{μ_nμp-

hn¬ sN∂ptNcp∂p˛AXmWv Cuizcm\p`qXn. Cu C{μnbtemI-

Øns‚ ]n∂nep≈ bmYm¿∞yamWXv; hncmaan√msX, Xo\pw IpSn-

bpw \nc¿∞I{]e]\ßfpambn Ignbp∂ Cu temIØns‚ kzm¿-

∞Xm]q¿Æamb Cu ambm{]]©Øns‚, ]n∂nep≈ bmYm¿∞y-

amWXv. {KŸßƒs°√mw tate. hnizmk{]amWßƒs°√mw tate,

Cu temIØnse anYym{àßƒs°√mwtate, H∂p≠v. AXt{X

\nßfn¬Øs∂ Cuizcs\ km£m¬°cn°pI F∂Xv. Hcph≥

temIØnep≈ F√m Bcm[\mk{ºZmbßfnepw hnizkn -

°p∂psh∂phcmw, FgpXs∏´ F√m aX{KŸßfntebpw D≈S°w

Xebnte‰nbn´ps≠∂phcmw. temIØnep≈ F√m \ZoXo¿∞ßfn-

epw ‘⁄m\kv\m\w’ sNbvXn´ps≠∂phcmw. F∂mepw CuizcZ¿i-\ap≠mbnńs√¶n¬ Rm\bmsf apgpØ \mkvXnIs‚ Iq´Ønem-

sWÆpI. as‰mcph≥ Hcn°epw Hcp tZhmebØn¬ Ibdnbnń-

s√∂phcmw, ]qPm\pjvTm\ßsfm∂pw \SØnbnńs√∂phcmw;

F∂m¬ D≈n¬ Cuizckm∂n[yw A\p`qXamIbpw, X∂nanØw

euInIamb anYym{àßƒs°√mw AXoX\mbncn°bpw sNøp∂p-

sh¶n¬, Ah≥ Hcp ]pWymflmhmWv. kn≤]pcpj\mWv˛As√¶n¬

C„wt]mse Fs¥¶nepw hnfn®psIm≈pI. Hcph≥ Fgpt∂‰p\n∂v

‘Rm≥ ]dbp∂Xp icn, Fs‚ aXw am{Xw icn, a‰p≈sX√mw sX‰v’F∂p ]dbptºmƒ Abmƒ°p ]mtS sX‰p]‰nbncn°p∂p. a‰p aX-

ßfpsS km[pXzØns‚ sXfnhns\ B{ibn®mWv Xs‚ aXØnt‚-

bpw km[pXzØns‚ sXfnhncn°p∂sX∂v Abmfdnbp∂n√. a\pjy-

kapZmbtØmSp apgph\pap≈ kvt\lhpw DZmcat\m`mhhpat{X

bYm¿∞aX\njvTbpsS e£Ww. F√m a\pjycpw ktlmZccmsW-

∂p≈ hnImcmflIamb Hcp {]kvXmh\b√ Rm≥ hnh£n°p∂Xv;

F√m a\pjyPoh\pw H∂msW∂ A\p`qXnbp≠mhWsa∂p≈Xm-

Wv. F√m aXßfpw k{ºZmbßfpw Ah Bscbpw Hgn®p \n¿Øm-

ØnStØmfw, F\n°p≈hsb∂p Rm≥ ImWp∂p. Ahsb√mw

D¬°r„ßƒXs∂; F√mw a\pjysc bYm¿∞aXØnseØn°p-

hm≥ klmbn°p∂p. ]≈nbn¬ P\n°p∂Xp \√XmWv; ]t£

AhnsS acn°p∂Xp \√X√ F∂pIqSn Rm≥ ]dbpw. iniphmbn

P\n°p∂Xv \√XmWv. F∂m¬ taenepw iniphmbn´pXs∂ Ccn°p-

∂Xp \√X√. tZhmebßfpw {Inbm\pjvTm\ßfpw {]XoIßfpw

a‰pw IpńIfmbncn°p∂h¿°v ]‰nbXmWv. Ipń hfcptºmƒ Ah≥

tZhmebsØ t`Zn®p ]pdØp IS°Ww; A√mØ]£w Ah≥-

10



XIcpIbmWv êw. \mw F∂pw inip°fmbn°gnbcpXv. ]e

hen∏Øn\pw hf¿®bv°pw Htc Ip∏mbw tbmPn∏n°phm≥ {ian°p-

∂Xpt]msebmWXv. temIØn¬ aXhn`mKßƒ D≠mbncn°p∂-

Xn¬ F\ns°Xnc`n{]mban√. Cuiztc—bm Ah C\nbpw Ccp]Xp

e£wIqSn D≠mhs´; Fs¥∂m¬, Ah F{XI≠p h¿≤n°p∂p-

thm, A{XI≠p Xncs™Sp°m\p≈ afiehpw hnkvXrXamIpa-

t√m. Rm≥ FXn¿°p∂Xv Htc aXw Gh¿°pw tbmPn∏n°phm≥

{ian°p∂Xns\bmWv. F√m aXßfpw kmcmwiØn¬ H∂msW¶n-

epw, Ahbv°p hn`n∂P\kapZmbßfpsS CSbnse ]cnÿnXnt`Z-

ßƒsIm≠p h∂ptNcp∂ cq]sshhn[yw Hgnhm°mhX√. \ap-

t°mtcmcpØ¿°pw thWw \ΩpsS kz¥w aXw˛AXmbXv _mlym-

\pjvTm\ßsf w_‘n®nStØmfw {]tXyIw.

Iptd sIm√w apºv Rm≥ RßfpsS tZiØnse Hcp almflm-

hns\, Hcp henb kn≤]pcpjs\ kμ¿in®p. RßfpsS shfn]mSp-

]pkvXIamb thZßƒ, \nßfpsS ss__nƒ, Jpdm≥ apXembhsb-

∏‰nbpw shfn]mSp{KŸßsf∏‰n s]mXphnepw Rßƒ kwkmcn-

®p. kw`mjWmhkm\Øn¬ tai∏pdØp\n∂v Hcp ]pkvXIsaSp-

°phm≥ AhnSp∂v Ft∂mSp ]d™p. a‰p ImcyßfpsS Iq´Øn¬

B sIm√sØ agsb∏‰nb {]hN\hpw AXnep≠mbncp∂p. AXp

hmbn°phm≥ AhnSp∂v Bhiys∏´p. s]øm\p≈ agbpsS Afhp

Rm≥ hmbn®p tIƒ∏n®p. ‘‘C\n ]pkvXIsaSpØp ]ngnbq’’ F∂m-bn AhnSp∂v. Rm≥ A{]Imcw sNbvXp. DSs\ AhnSp∂p ]d™p:

‘‘It≠m Ipt™, Hcp Xp≈n sh≈hpw hcp∂n√t√m. sh≈w In´m-ØnStØmfw CXp shdpw ]pkvXIwam{Xw. AXpt]mse Cuizc-

km£m¬°mcw AcpfmØnStØmfw aXhpw \njv{]tbmP\amWv.

Bfl⁄m\Øn\pth≠n ]pkvXI]T\wam{Xw \SØp∂h≥,

]©kmcbpsS am[pcyadnbmsX AXns‚ Hcp s]cpwNpaSp Npa-

°p∂ IgpXbpsS ÿnXnbmtWm¿Ωn∏n°p∂Xv.’’

‘‘Rßƒ sI´ ]m]nIfmtW!’’F∂p ap´pIpØn\n∂p tIgm≥BfpIsf D]tZin°bmtWm \mw th≠Xv? A√; adn®v, Ahsc-

s°m≠v AhcpsS Znhy{]IrXnsb A\pkvacn∏n°bmWv th≠Xv.

Hcp IY tIƒ°pI; CctXSn \S∂ Hcp s]¨knwlw Hcmń≥-

]‰sØ Is≠Øn. AXv HcmSns‚ ta¬ NmSnhoWt∏mƒ Hcp

knwlIpńsb {]khn®p, s]s´∂v acn®pt]mbn. knwl°pń Bń≥-

]‰Øn¬ BSpIsft∏mse ]p√pXn∂p ‘ta’ F∂p Ic™pwhf¿∂ph∂p, Xms\mcp knwlamsW∂ t_m[w AXns\mcn°epw

11



D≠mbn√. Ipsd°mew Igns™mcp\mƒ thsdmcp knwlw Cu

Bń≥]‰sØ ImWm\nSbmbn. ]p√p Xn∂pIbpw BSns\t∏mseIcbpIbpw sNøp∂ hensbmcp knwlsØ ]‰Øn\nSbn¬ I≠vAXp hfsc B›cys∏´p. ]pXnb knwlsØ I≠ DSs\ Bń≥]‰w HmSnt∏mbn; AhtbmsSm∏w APknwlhpw. F∂m¬ knwlwX°w ]m¿Øncp∂p. Hcp \mƒ APknwlw InS∂pdßptºmƒknwlw AXns\ kao]n®v DW¿Ønbn´v ]d™p, ‘\osbmcp knwl-amWv’ F∂v. ‘A√’ F∂p ]d™v APknwlw BSns\t∏mse ‘ta’F∂p Ic™pXpSßn. At∏mƒ knwlw AXns\ Hcp XSmI-Øn\cnIntebv°p Iqńs°m≠pt]mbn. sh≈Øn¬ AXns‚ \ng¬ImWn®v, AXp Xs∂t∏mencn°p∂nt√ F∂p t\m°phm≥ ]d™p.APknwlw t\m°nbn´v Aßs\Xs∂ F∂p kΩXn®p. At∏mƒknwlw K¿÷n®p; Xs∂ A\pIcn°m≥ Bhiys∏´p. APknwlwXs‚ i–w ]co£n®pt\m°n; X\n°pw at‰ knwlsØt∏mseKwòc[z\nbn¬ K¿÷n°msa∂p sshImsX a\- n-em-°pIbpwsNbvXp. AXp ]n∂osSmcn°epw BSmbn \S∂nń√.

kvt\lnXtc, \nßsf√mhcpw knwlsØt∏mse {]`mhap≈-hcmsW∂p ]dbphm≥ Rm\m{Kln°p∂p.

apdnbnencp´msW¶n¬, ‘Ccp´v, Ccp´v’ F∂p apdhnfnIqńbpwamdØSn®pw Np‰nØncnbpIbmtWm sNøpI? A√, shfn®wIn´phm\p≈ H‰ hgn hnf°p IØn°pIbmWv; At∏mƒ Ccp´p\oßpw. \nßƒ°p aosXbp≈ {]ImisØ km£m¬°cn°phm-\p≈ GIam¿§w \nßfpsS D≈nse A≤ymflZo]w sImfpØpIbm-Wv. AtXmsS ]m]amen\yßfmIp∂ Xa p ]d∂pt]mIpw. \nßfp-sS Bflmhns‚ D¬Ir„`mhsØ∏‰n kZm Nn¥n°pI; A[a`mh-sØ∏‰n Nn¥n°mXncn°pI.

* * * *CXns\ØpS¿∂v GXm\pw tNmtZymØcßƒ \S∂p. t{imXm°-

fn¬ Hcmƒ ]d™p: ‘‘[¿tΩm]tZ„m°ƒ \cIm·nsb∏‰nbp≈{]kwKw \n¿Ønbm¬ Ah¿°v P\ßfpsS taep≈ ]nSn]mSp\„s∏Spw.’’

DØcw: ‘‘F¶n¬ AXp \„s∏SpIbmWv \√Xv. `bs∏´paXamNcn°p∂ Hcph\v teihpw aX{]Xn]Ønbp≠mhn√. Ahs\Ahs‚ arKob{]IrXnsb°pdn®p ]Tn∏n°p∂Xnt\°mƒ \√XvsFizc{]IrXnsb°pdn®p ]Tn∏n°p∂XmWv.’’

tNm: ‘‘kz¿§cmPyw Cu temIsØ w_‘n®X√ F∂v tbip]d™Xns\¥mW¿∞w?’’

12



D: ‘‘kz¿§cmPyw \ΩpsS D≈nemsW∂v. Cu `qanbn¬Øs∂Hcp kz¿§cmPyw F∂mXmbncp∂p blqZ∑mcpsS CSbnse Bibw.tbiphns‚ Bibw AXmbncp∂n√.’’

tNm: ‘‘\mw arKßfn¬\n∂v Db¿∂ph∂hcmsW∂v Aßphnizkn°pt∂m?’’

D: ‘‘]cnWma\nbaa\pkcn®v Db¿∂ PohnIƒ, Xmgv∂XcwP¥pafießfn¬\n∂v Db¿∂ph∂hbmsW∂p Rm≥ hnizkn-°p∂p.’’

tNm: ‘‘Xs‚ ]q¿ΔP∑sØ°pdn®v Hm¿Ωbp≈ Bscsb¶nepwAtßbv°dnbmtam?’’

D: ‘‘XßfpsS ]q¿ΔP∑w Hm¿Ωbp≠v F∂v Ft∂mSp {]kvXmhn®Nnesc Rm≥ I≠n´p≠v. Ah¿ XßfpsS ap≥P∑ßsf Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Ignbp∂ Hcp ÿnXnbn¬ FØnbncn°p∂p.’’

tNm: ‘‘{InkvXphns‚ IpcnimtcmlWØn¬ Aßp hnizkn°p-∂pt≠m?’’

D: {InkvXp CuizcmhXmcambncp∂p: AhnSpsØ sIm√m≥Ah¿°v km[yambncp∂n√. Ipcnin¬ Xdbv°s∏´Xv AhnSpsØHcp {]Xncq]w, \ng¬, am{XamWv.’’

tNm: ‘‘AØcw Hcp {]Xncq]ap≠m°phm≥ AhnSptØbv°pIgns™¶n¬, BbXv G‰hpw henb A¤pXIrXyat√?’’

D: ‘‘kXy]YØnse G‰hpw henb hneßpXSnIfmbn´mWv Rm≥A¤pXIrXyßsf IcpXnbn´p≈Xv. _p≤s‚ injy∑m¿ GtXmHc¤pXIrXyw {]h¿Øn® Hcmsf∏‰n˛hfsc DbcØnencp∂ Hcp]m{Xw AXnt∑¬ sXmSmsX Abmƒ FSpØpht{X˛AhnSptØmSp]dbpIbpw B ]m{Xw ImWn°bpw sNbvXt∏mƒ, AhnSp∂p ]m{X-saSpØp Nhn´ns∏m´n°bmWv sNbvXXv: Hcn°epw XßfpsS hnizm-ksØ A¤pXIrXyßfnt∑¬ ÿm]n®p\n¿ØcpsX∂pw, ÿmbn-bmb XØzßfn¬ kXysØ BcmbpIbmWv th≠sX∂pw Ahn-Sp∂v D]tZin°bpw sNbvXp. icnbmb B¥c{]ImisØ∏‰n, Bfl-tPymXn ns\°pdn®v˛AXpam{XamWv A]ISi¶bn√msX \ap°m-{ibn°mhp∂ GIam¿§Z¿in˛AhnSp∂v Ahsc ]Tn∏n®p. A¤pX-IrXyßƒ am¿§Ønse hneßpXSnIfmWv; \ap°v Ahsb Zqsc]cnXyPn°pI.’’

tNm: ‘‘tbip aeta¬sh®p {]kwKw sNbvXpsh∂v Aßphnizkn°p∂pt≠m?’’

D: ‘‘Aßs\Xs∂ Rm≥ hnizkn°p∂p. F∂m¬ C°mcyØn¬a‰p≈hsct∏mse F\n°pw ]pkvXIßfpsS km£ysØ Ah-

13



ew_nt°≠nbncn°p∂p. ]pkvXIØns‚am{Xw km£yw A{X Dd-

∏p≈ Ahew_as√∂v F\n°dnbmw. F∂m¬ aeta¬sh®p≈

{]kwKØnse D]tZißsf am¿§Z¿iIambn kzoIcn°p∂XpsIm-

≠p \ap°m¿°pw tZmjw ]‰m\n√. \ΩpsS A¥cmflmhn\p t_m[n-

°p∂Xns\ \mw ssIs°mt≈≠XmWv. {InkvXphn\v A™qdp

sIm√wapºmWv _p≤≥ [¿tΩm]tZiw sNbvXXv. AhnSpsØ

hm°pIƒ Bio¿ΔmZ\n¿`cßfpambncp∂p. Hscm‰ im]hm°p-

t]mepw AhnSpsØ Np≠pIfn¬\n∂p ]pds∏ńń√. AXpt]mse,

skmdmÃdn¬\n∂pw D≠mbnń√. I¨^yqjkn¬\n∂pan√.’’

2

aXØns‚ D¬∏Øn

aμamcpXs‚ Htcm Ne\Ønepw inc mńbpw Xp≈n®mSnbpw

D√kn°p∂ hnhn[h¿Æm`ßfmb kpμch\Ipkpaßƒ; \nd∏-

In´m¿∂ Xqh¬°p∏mbßfWn™, h\a[yØnepS\ofw ams‰men-

s°m≈p∂ a[pcKm\ßfme]n°p∂ tImaf]£nhrμßƒ˛-

F\n°p km¥z\acpfp∂ klNmcnIfmbn Ah C∂sebp≠m-

bncp∂p, C∂p s]mbvt]mbncn°p∂p˛FhntSbv°v? Fs‚ Ifn-

tØmg¿, kt¥mjØnepw k¥m]Ønepw Fs‚ Iq´pIm¿, BtamZ-

ßfnepw hnt\mZßfnepw Fs‚ NßmXnam¿˛Ahcpw s]mbvt]mbncn-

°p∂p˛ FhntSbv°v? Rms\mcp iniphmbncp∂t∏mƒ Fs∂

Xmtemen®ncp∂, PohnXw apgph≥ Fs∂°pdn®p≈, F\n°p th≠-

sXms° sNøpIsb∂p≈ H‰hnNmcw am{Xap≠mbncp∂ B P\ß-

fpw s]mbvt∏mbncn°p∂p˛ FhntSbv°v? F√mhcpw F√m hkvXp°-

fpw t]mbn, s]mbvs°m≠ncn°p∂p, As√¶n¬ t]mIpw. Ah

FhntSbv°p t]mIp∂p? HcpØcØn\pth≠n BZya\pjys‚

a\ ns\ aYn®psIm≠ncp∂ {]iv\w CXmbncp∂p.

‘‘F¥psIm≠ßs\? F√m hkvXp°fpw hnebn°p∂XpwXhnSps]mSnbmbn \in°p∂Xpw I≠psIm≠t√ Ah\ncp∂Xv?

Ah Ftßm´pt]mbn F∂Xns\∏‰n Xe ]pÆmt°≠ Bhiy-

sa¥v?’’ F∂p \nßƒ tNmZnt®°mw.H∂maXmbn, BZnaa\pjys‚ `mh\bn¬, F√mw (Ft∏mgpw)

Pohn®ncn°p∂p. ]q¿Æhn\miw (tIhew C√mXmhpI) F∂¿∞-

Øn¬ acWsØ Ah≥ kzoIcn°p∂n√. BfpIƒ Ahs‚

ASpØphcp∂p, AI∂p t]mIp∂p, ho≠pw hcp∂p. Nnet∏mƒ

Ah¿ t]mbn´p aSßnhcp∂n√. AXn\m¬, temIØnse G‰hpw

14



{]mNo\amb `mjbn¬, ‘t]mhpI’ F∂¿∞Ønep≈ h√ hm°p-amWv acWsØ Ipdn°m≥ Ft∏mgpw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. CXmWv

aXØns‚ Bcw`w. Aßs\, BZnaa\pjy≥ Xs‚ Cu {]iv\Øn\v̨ -

Ahsb√mw FhntSbv°p t]mIp∂p F∂p≈Xn\v˛Hcp kam[m\w

k¿Δ{X At\zjn®p sIm≠ncp∂p.

AXm, {]`mXkqcy≥ \n{Zbnem≠ temIØn\v shfn®hpw NqSpw

Dt∑jhpw hln®psIm≠v, D÷zeIm¥ntbmsS DZn°p∂p, AXp

sas√sas√ k©cn®pbcp∂p; F∂m¬, I„w! AXpw XmWpXmWp-

t]mbn, HSphn¬ A¥¿≤m\w sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ ASpØ\mƒ AXv

AtX taml\Im¥n]qctØmsS ho≠pw {]Xy£s∏Sp∂p≠v. C\n,

\mKcnIXbpsS D¤hÿm\ßfmb ss\¬, kn‘p, ssS{Kokv

F∂o \ZoXSßfnse A¤pX]pjv]aXm˛Xs‚ Iqºnb CXfpI-

fn¬ {]`mX`mkvIcs‚ IncWßƒ h∂p XtemSptºmƒ hnIkn-

°pIbpw kqcymkvXabtØmsS ho≠pw IqºpIbpw sNøp∂

Xmac∏qhv, Aßs\ hcnIbpw t]mhpIbpw acWmhÿbn¬\n∂v

]p\cp÷ohn®p ho≠pw hcnIbpw sNbvXncp∂ NneXp≠mbncp∂p.

CXmWv BZyw In´nb kam[m\w. AXn\m¬ G‰hpw ]pcmX\ßfmb

aXßfn¬ kqcy\pw Xmacbpw apJy{]XoIßfmbn ImWp∂p. Cu

{]XoIßsf¥ns\∂msW¶n¬, Aaq¿Øßfmb Bibßƒ. Ah

Fßs\bp≈Xmbmepw icn, (hm°pIfneqsS) {]Imin∏n°s∏Sp-

tºmƒ Zriyßfpw aq¿Øßfpw ÿqeßfpamb Nne BhcW-

ßfWn™phcnI A\nhmcyat{X. AXmWv \nbaw. H∂v A{]Xy£-

amIp∂Xv AkvXnXzØn\p shfnbntebv°s√∂pw AXn\p≈n¬Ø-

s∂bmsW∂pw, AXpw Hcp Xm¬°menIamb am‰tam ]cnh¿Ø\-

tam am{XamsW∂pap≈ Bibw {]Imin∏nt°≠nbncp∂p. C{μnb-

tKmNcambn, AXphgn a\ nseØn, AhnsS ]pXnsbmcmibsØ

(kmZriy_‘wsIm≠v) DW¿ØnhnSp∂ Hcp hkvXp, B \ho\m-

ibØns‚ BhnjvIcWØn\p≈ Ahew_w, B BibØn\p

Npg∂p\n¬°m\p≈ Hcp tI{μ_oPambn kzoIcn°s∏SpI A\n-

hmcyat{X. Aßs\bmWv kqcy\pw Xmacbpw {]Ya{]XoIßfmbXv.

Iogv`mKsØhnsSbpw A‘Imcabhpw `bm\Ihpamb AKm[-

K¿ØßfmWv. sh≈Øn\Snbn¬, IÆp Xpd∂psh®mepw H∂pw

ImWm≥ ]mSn√. apIƒ`mKtam {]Imiabw. k¿Δ{X shfn®tØmSp-

IqSnbXv; cm{Xnbn¬t∏mepw at\mlcamb \£{Xkaqlßƒ

{]Imiw hnXdns°m≠ncn°p∂p. B \nebv°v, Ah¿, Rm≥

kvt\ln°p∂ BfpIƒ, FhntSbv°mWv t]mIpI? Xo¿®bmbpw

Iogv`mKØp≈ A‘ImcØntebv°√; apIƒ`mKØp≈ \nXy-

15



{]Imiabamb temItØbv°mIWw. AXns\mcp ]pXnb {]XoIw

thWw. AXntebv°nXm, A¤pXPzmemPnlzItfmSpIqSn Pzen°p∂

A·n. Aev]kabØn\p≈n¬ Hcp h\w Xns∂mSp°p∂ Cu A·n,

`£Ww ]mIs∏SpØp∂p, NqSp \¬Ip∂p, h\yarKßsf XpcØp-

∂p; Aßs\ AXp a\pjy\v PohkμmbIhpw Pohkwc£Ihp-

amb hkvXphmIp∂p. ]ns∂, AXns‚ PzmeIƒ˛AhbpsS KXn

kZm taevt]m´mWv, Hcn°epw Iogvt∏m´√. ChnsS as‰mcmibw e`n-

°p∂p; acn°p∂hsc D]cn`mKØp≈ {]Imi]q¿Æamb {]tZi-

ßfntebv°p hln®psIm≠pt]mIp∂ Cu A·n \sΩbpw

tPymXn¿afießfnte°p IS∂n´p≈ Ahscbpw XΩn¬ _‘n∏n-

°p∂ irwJebmIp∂p.* ‘‘tl, At·, tZh∑mcpsS ASp°te°pt]mIp∂ RßfpsS ZqX\mb Aßv’’ F∂nßs\bmWv G‰hpw]pcmX\amb a\pjyenJnXw Bcw`n°p∂Xv. AXn\m¬, `£yt]b-

ßfpw tZh∑m¿°p {]nbambncn°psa∂v Xßƒ IcpXnb as‰√m

km[\ßfpw Ah¿ B A·nbn¬ BlpXn sNbvXp. Cßs\bmWv

b⁄Øns‚ Bcw`w.

C{XtØmfwsIm≠v H∂masØ {]iv\Øn\p kam[m\ambn˛Cu

BZnaa\pjycpsS BhiyØn\p aXnbmIp∂nStØmfsa¶nepw,

]n∂oSv, ASpØ {]iv\ambn˛CsX√mw FhnsS\n∂p hcp∂p? ‘‘CutNmZyw F¥psIm≠v BZyapZv`hn®n√?’’ F∂msW¶n¬, s]s´∂p-≠mIp∂ Hcp hyXnbm\amWv \mw IqSpX¬ Hm¿Ωn°pI F∂p≈-

XpsIm≠v. kpJhpw kt¥mjhpw em`hpw a‰pw, ZpxJhpw k¥m]-

hpw \jvShpw a‰pwt]mse, \ΩpsS a\ n¬ A{X BgØn¬ ]Xnbp-

∂n√. \ΩpsS kztXbp≈ {]IrXnkpJhpw kt¥mjhpw B\μhp-

amWv. AXns\ BIkvanIambn `RvPn°p∂ GXpw {]IrXy\p-

krXamb Ahÿtb°mƒ BgØnep≈ ap{Z ]Xn°p∂p. AXn-

\m¬, henb kzmÿy`RvPI≥ F∂ \nebn¬ acWsØ w_-

‘n® {]iv\Øn\mWv BZyw kam[m\w ImtW≠nbncp∂Xv. ]n∂oSv

a\pjy≥ IqSpX¬ ]ptcmKan®tXmsS, ASpØ {]iv\w˛Ah

FhnsS\n∂p h∂p F∂Xv ˛ D¤hn®p. Pohn°p∂hsb√mw Nen-

°p∂p; \mw Nen-°p-∂p, \ΩpsS C— \ΩpsS Ah-b-h-ßsf Nen∏n-

°p∂p; \ΩpsS C—-bvs°m-Ø-hÆw \ΩpsS Ah-b-h-ßƒ ]e

cq]-Øn-ep≈ hkvXp-°sf \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ Ne-\-ap≈

GXp hkvXphnepw AXns‚ {]h¿ØIi‡nbmbn Hcn—bp≠m-

bncp∂p˛C°mesØ inipa\pjys\t∏mse ]pcmX\ImesØ

16

*A·naotf ]ptcmlnXw b⁄ky tZharXznPw tlmXmcw cXv\[mXaw.

(EtKzZw 1.1.1)



a\pjyiniphpw Aßs\bmWv hnNmcn°pI. Im‰n\v Hcn—bp≠v.

taLØns\m∂p≠v. {]IrXnbnep≈ apgph≥ hkvXp°fpw

{]tXyIw C—, a\ v, Bflmhv F∂nhtbmSpIqSnbhbmWv. \mw

At\Iw hkvXp°ƒ \n¿Ωn°pwt]mse Ahbpw CsX√mw

kr„n°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Ah¿, tZh∑m¿, ‘CtfmlnapIƒ’ At{XCXns‚sb√mw kr„nI¿Øm°ƒ.

CXn\nsS a\pjykapZmbw hf¿∂ph∂p. kapZmbØn¬ cmPm-

hp≠mbncp∂p. tZh∑mcpsS, CtfmlnapIfpsS Iq´Ønepw F¥p-

sIm≠v cmPmhv ]mSn√? Aßs\, km¿Δùa\mb Hcp tZh≥, Hcp

Ctfmlnw˛btlmhm, Hcp tZhm[ntZh≥˛Xs‚ GIam{Xamb C—m-

i‡nsIm≠v C°mWmbsX√mw, tZh∑msc°qSnbpw kr„n® GtI-

izc≥ Bhn¿`hn®p. AhnSp∂p hnhn[tPymXn¿tKmfßfpw {Kl-

kaqlßfpw G¿s∏SpØnbncn°pwt]mse, {]]©Ønse hnhn[-

hym]mcßfpsS ta¬t\m´Øn\mbn {]tXyIw tZh∑msc AYhm

amemJamsc G¿s∏SpØn˛Nnesc acWØn\v, Nnesc P\\Øn\v

F∂nßs\ k¿Δm[n\mY\mb Hcp aq¿Ønsb˛a‰pffhsb At]-

£n®p \n oaamb i‡yXnibw tlXphmbn k¿Δm[n\mYXzw

B¿÷n®ncn°p∂ Hcp aq¿Ønsb°pdn®p≈ Bibw, aXßfp-

sSsb√mw henb c≠v Dev]Ønÿm\ßfmb Bcy≥, skan‰nIv

F∂o a\pjyh¿§ßƒ°p s]mXphnep≈XmWv. F∂m¬ ChnsS-

sh®v Bcy∑m¿ ]pXnsbmcp hgn°p Xncnbp∂p, alØmsbmcp

hyXnbm\w ssIs°m≈p∂p. AhcpsS Cuizc≥ k¿Δm[n\mY≥

am{Xambncp∂n√. kz¿§ÿ\mb ]nXmhpambncp∂p. CXmWv t{]a-

Øns‚ (`‡n`mhØns‚) Bcw`w, skan‰nIvh¿§°mcpsS Cuizc≥

Hcp D{KimkI≥, Hcp òIcaq¿Øn, KWßfpsSsb√mw \mY\mb

AXni‡nam≥, am{Xw. {]kvXpXmibßtfmSv, ‘]nXmhv’ F∂ ]pXn-sbmcmibw Bcy∑m¿ Iqńt®¿Øp . XpS¿∂p≈ ]ptcmKXnbneqsS-

sb√mw Cu hyXnbm\w IqSpX¬ IqSpX¬ kv]„amIp∂p≠v.

F∂m¬ hmkvXhØn¬ skan‰nIvimJbn¬ Cu L´Øn¬sh®v

]ptcmKXn \nebv°pIbmWp≠mbXv. AhcpsS Cuizcs\ ImWm≥

]mSn√˛am{Xa√, AhnSpsØ ImWpIsb∂m¬ acn°pIbmsW-

∂mWv. Bcy∑mcpsS Cuizcs\ ImWmsa∂p am{Xa√, AhnSp∂p

PohnXe£yhpat{X. PohnXØns‚ GIe£yw AhnSpsØ Is≠-

ØpIsb∂XmWv. skan‰nIv h¿§°mc≥ Zfi\w `b∂v, Ahs‚

cmPm[ncmPs\ A\pkcn°pIbpw AhnSpsØ imk\ßsf ]cn]m-

en°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Bcy≥ Ahs‚ ]nXmhns\ kvt\ln°p∂p;

]ns∂, Iptd°qSn sN√ptºmƒ, ‘Fs‚ AΩ,’ ‘Fs‚ kvt\lnX≥’

17



Fs∂√mw ]d™pXpSßpIbpw sNøp∂p. ‘‘Fs∂ kvt\ln°p∂p-s≠¶n¬ Fs‚ \mbtbbpw kvt\ln°Ww.’’ F∂mWt√m sNm√v.AX\pkcn®v, Cuizckr„nbnep≈ F√m P¥p°fpw Cuizct‚-

XmIbm¬, Ahsbsb√mw kvt\ln°Ww F∂pw h∂pIqSp∂p.

skan‰nIvh¿§P\v Cu PohnXw Hcp ]pdwImh¬ÿeamWv. \ΩpsS

Iqdp ]co£n∏m\mbn´mWv \mw ChntSbv°p \nbp‡cmbXv. Bcy\v

Cu PohnXw \ΩpsS e£yØnte°p≈ am¿§a[yamWv skan‰n-

°ns‚ hnizmk{]Imcw \mw ChnsS \ΩpsS I¿Øhyw icn°p

\n¿Δln®m¬, kz¿§Øv \nXykpJkºq¿Æamb Hcp tKlw \ap-

°p e`n°pw. Bcys\ kw_‘n®v, B tKlw Cuizc≥Xs∂bmWv.

skan‰nIvh¿§°mc∂v Cuizctkh\w Hcp km[yØn\p≈ km[\-

amWv. k¥p„nbpw kpJm\p`hhpamIp∂ {]Xn^eamWv Abmfp-

sS km≤yw. Bcys‚ ImcyØn¬ kpJm\p`hhpw ZpxJm\p`hhpw

F√mw km[\ßfmIp∂p; Cuizc≥ km≤yhpw. skan‰nIv kz¿§-

Øn¬ t]mIm≥ Cuizcs\ `Pn°p∂p. Bcy≥ Cuizcs\ {]m]n-

°phm≥ th≠n kz¿§sØ \ncmIcn°p∂p. Npcp°Øn¬ CXmWv

{][m\hyXymkw. Bcy\v PohnXØns‚ D∂hpw e£yhpw Cuiz-

cs\ Is≠ØemWv. t{]a`mP\Øns‚ A`napJZ¿i\amWv;

Fs¥∂m¬ Cuizcs\ IqSmsX Ah\p Pohn°pI km[ya√.

‘‘\ns‚ km∂n≤yans√¶n¬ , kqcy\pw N{μ\pw \£{Xßfpw{]ImiclnXßfmbnt∏mIp∂p.’’

3

aXw˛AXns‚ km[\ßfpw km[yhpw

temIØnse aXßsf∏‰n ]Tn°ptºmƒ km[mcWambn c≠p

BhnjvIcWcoXnIfmWv ImWp∂Xv. H∂v Cuizc\n¬\n∂v a\pjy-

\nte°p≈ t]m°v; DZmlcWØn\v, skan‰nIvkwLmXØn¬s∏´

aXßfn¬ Cuizcs\∂ Bibw XpS°Ønte D≠v. F∂m¬

Bflmsh∂ Biban√mbncp∂p F∂Xv B›cyhpamWv. ]pcmX\-

blqZ∑mcpsS ImcyØn¬, AhcpsS Ncn{XØn¬ a\pjymflmhns\-

∏‰nb Bibw BhnjvIrXambncp∂ns√∂Xv Hcp khntijXbm-

Wv. a\pjy≥ Nne am\knImwißfpw {Zhymwißfpw tN¿∂p≠mb

Hcp k¶chkvXp, A{XXs∂; acWtØmSpIqSn F√mw Ahkm\n-

°pIbpw sNøp∂p. adn®v, {]kvXpXa\pjyh¿§w Cuizcs\∏‰nb

G‰hpw {]ikvXamb Bibw BhnjvIcn®ncp∂pXm\pw. CXmWv

18



c≠v BhnjvIcWcoXnIfnsem∂v. at‰Xv, a\pjy\n¬ XpSßn

Cuizc\nte°p t]mhpIbmWv. c≠matØXv Bcys‚bpw BZy-

tØXp skan‰n°ns‚bpw coXnIfmWv. Bcys‚ XpS°w Bflm-

hn¬\n∂s{X. Cuizcs\∏‰nbp≈ Ahs‚ Bibw Akv]„hpw

Ahy‡hpambncp∂p. F∂m¬ a\pjymflmhns\ w_‘n®

Bibw hy‡X {]m]n-®p-h-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Cuiz-c-s\-∏-‰nbp≈ Bi-

bhpw hy‡X {]m]n-®p-h∂p. AXn\m¬, thZßfnse At\zjWw

F√mbvt]mgpw a\pjymflmhns\ Npg∂mbncp∂p. Cuizcs\∏‰n

Bcy∑m¿°v In´nb Adnsh√mw a\pjymflmhn¬°qSnbmWv.

X∂nanØw AhcpsS XØzimkv{Xafiew A¥¿apJamb Cuizcm-

t\zjWw F∂ {]tXyIap{Z ]Xn™n´p≈Xs{X. Bcy≥ Ft∏mgpw

Cuizcs\ Xs‚ D≈nemWv Bcm™psIm≠ncp∂Xv. Ime{IaØn¬

AXh∂p kzm`mhnIambn, Ahs‚ {]IrXnhntijambn, Bcy∑m-

cpsS IeIfnepw \nXykm[mcWamb {]h¿Ø\ßfnepw AXp

\√hÆw ImWmw. C°meØpXs∂bpw, a\pjys\ {]m¿∞\m`mh-

Øn¬ ImWn°p∂ bqtdm]y≥Nn{XsaSpØm¬ ImWmw, Nn{XImc≥

Xs‚ ]m{XsØ Du¿≤zZr„nbmbn, Cuizcs\ {]IrXn°p shfn-

bn¬, Dbsc BImiØn¬, t\m°p∂h\mbn Nn{XoIcn°p∂p.

`mcXØnemsW¶n¬, t\scadn®v, {]m¿∞\m`mhw {]Z¿in∏n°m≥

a\pjys\ \naoenXt\{X\mbn BteJ\w sNbvIbmWv Ft∏mgpw

]Xnhv. {]m¿∞n°p∂ Bƒ Xs‚ D≈nte°v t\m°ns°m≠ncn-

°p∂p F∂p `mhw.

Cßs\ c≠p ]T\hnjbßfmWv a\pjy∂p≈Xv˛_mly{]Ir-

Xnbpw B`y¥c{]IrXnbpw. BZyw Ch c≠pw At\ym\yhncp≤sa-

∂p tXm∂psa¶nepw, km[mcWa\pjys\ w_‘n®v, _mly-

{]IrXn ]q¿Æambpw (Ahs‚)B`y¥c{]IrXnsIm≠v, hnNmc-

temIwsIm≠v, kr„n°s∏´XmIWw; F√m cmPyØnsebpw hnti-

jn®pw ]m›mXycpsS CSbnse, XØzNn¥I∑mcn¬ ̀ qcn`mKhpw Ch

c≠pw AXmbXv PUhpw a\ pw. ]ckv]chncp≤ßfmb kØI-

fmsW∂v {]mcw`Ønte Iev]n®psIm≠mWv apt∂m´p t]mbXv;

F∂m¬ Imem¥cØn¬ Ah At\ym\yw ASp°p∂Xmbpw HSp-

hn¬ XΩn¬ tbmPn®v A\¥kakvXambnØocp∂Xmbpw ImWmw.

AXn\m¬, Cu hniIe\wsIm≠v hnjbtØmSp≈ Hcp kao]\w

as‰Xns\ At]£n®v Db¿∂sXt∂m Xmgv∂sXt∂m kqNn∏n°pI-

b√ sNøp∂Xv. _mly{]IrXnbn¬°qSn kXysØ At\zjn°p-

∂Xv sX‰msWt∂m B`y¥c{]IrXnbneqsS kXymt\zjWw

C„s∏Sp∂h¿ DXvIr„cmsWt∂m F\n°p hnh£bn√. At\zj-

19



WØns‚ c≠p coXnIfmWnh. c≠n\pw ÿm\w D≠mbncn°Ww;

c≠pw ]T\hnjbam°Ww; HSphn¬ c≠pw Hcpan°p∂XmbnImWmw. Cu icocw tIhew \n mcsa∂p hnNmcn°p∂ At\Iw-t]sc ImWmsa¶nepw icocw a\ ns‚bpw a\ p icocØns‚bpw{]XntbmKnb√. Cu icocw Hcp hym[n, Hcp ZpcnXw. As√¶n¬AXpt]mse Zp„amb h√Xpw am{Xw F∂p hnNmcn°p∂ BfpIƒ]gb ImeØv F√m cmPyØpw [mcmfap≠mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ ]nev-°meØv, thZßfn¬ ]Tn∏n®n´p≈Xpt]mse, icocw a\ ntebv-°pw a\ v icocØnte°pw DcpInt®cp∂Xmbn \mw ImWp∂p.

F√m thZßfnepw DS\ofw ZriyamIp∂ Cu {]tabw \nßƒHm¿Ωnt°≠XmWv. ‘‘Hcp I´ aÆns\ Adnbp∂XpsIm≠v PKØn-ep≈ F√m aÆns\bpw \mw Adnbp∂Xv F{]Imctam, AXpt]msebmsXmcp hkvXphns‚ Adnhpaqew as‰√mØnt\bpw Adnbm≥km[n°ptam B hkvXpthXv?’’ *BhnjvIcWØn¬ kv]„Xbv°vG‰°pdhp≠mIpsa¶nepw, kIe a\pjyhn⁄m\Øns‚bpw{]tabw CXpXs∂. Hcp GIXzZ¿i\sØ e£yam°nbmWv \msa-√mw s]mbvs°m≠ncn°p∂Xv. \ΩpsS PohnXØnse Hmtcm I¿Ωhpw-˛AXy¥w `uXnItam ÿqetam As√¶n¬ AXy¥w kq£vatamD¬Ir„tam B≤ymflnItam BIs´˛F√mw H∂pt]mse Cu HtcBZ¿isØ e£oIcn®p≈XmWv. H‰bmbn Pohn°p∂ Hcpa\pjy≥ hnhmlnX\mIp∂p. CsXmcp kzm¿∞I¿ΩamsW∂p tXm-∂mw. F∂m¬ AtX kabw AXnt‚Xmb {]tNmZIw, t{]cIi‡n,B sFIysØ Is≠ØpIsb∂XmWv. Abmƒ°v Ip´nIfp≠v,Abmƒ°v kvt\lnX∑mcp≠v, Abmƒ Ahsc kvt\ln°p∂p.]ns∂, Abmƒ Xs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln°p∂p; A\¥cw temI-sØ kvt\ln°p∂p. HSphn¬ {]]©w apgph≥ AbmfpsS kvt\l-Øn\p hnjbamIp∂p. Cu sNdphy‡nXzsØ \in∏n®pw kzbwD]cyp]cn hnimeXzw {]m]n®pw, B GIXzZ¿i\sa∂ ]cn]q¿ÆX-bnte°p A{]Xntcm[yamwhÆw X≈n \o°s∏SpIbmWv \Ωtf-hcpw. {]]©w Ccºn∏mbp∂Xv Cu e£yØntebv°t{X. HmtcmAWphpw aptºm´pt]mbn ASpØ AWphnt\mSp tNcm≥ {ian-°pIbmWv. XpSscØpSsc AWp°ƒ AWp°fpambn tNcp∂p.Aßs\ henb tKmfßƒ `qanIƒ,kqcy∑m¿, N{μ∑m¿, \£{X-

20

* bssYtI\ arXv]ntfi\ k¿Δw ar◊bw hn⁄mXw kymXv.(OmtμmtKym]\njØv 6.1.4)

Ikvan≥ \p ̀ Kthm hn⁄mtX k¿ΔanZw hn⁄mXw ̀ hXn.(apfitIm]\njØv 1.1.3)



ßƒ, {Klßƒ F√mw˛ D≠mIp∂p. Ahbpw ]ckv]cw Ccºn-

bSp°phm≥ DZyan°p∂p. C{]Imcw hnizw apgph≥ am\knI-

hpw `uXnIhpamb {]]©amkIew, HSphn¬ H∂mbn DcpInt®cp-

sa∂p \ap°dnbmw.

]nfimfiØn¬ Hcp sNdnb tXmXn¬ \S°p∂ AtX {]h¿-

Ø\wXs∂ henb tXmXn¬ {_“mfiØnepw \S°p∂p. Cu

{]]©Øns‚ AkvXnXzw hnt—ZØnepw hyXykvXbnepw ÿnXn-

sNøp∂p. AtXmsSm∏w AXv GIXzsØ, Ahnt—ZsØ, em°m°n

kZm Ccºn∏mbpIbpw sNøp∂p. AXpt]mse, \ΩpsS sNdnb

PohtemIsØ w_‘n®pw. Hmtcm Poh\pw CXcPohnPmeßfn¬-

\n∂p hnt—Zn°s∏´tXm F∂p tXm∂pamdv ]ndhnsbSp°p∂p. Hcp

Pohs‚ A⁄m\w,Bflt_m[an√mbva, F{X IqSpXtem A{X

IqSpXembncn°pw Xm≥ CXcPohnIfn¬\n∂p thdmsW∂p≈ B

Pohs‚ hnNmchpw. Hcph≥ F{XI≠v A⁄m\ntbm A{XI≠p

Xo£vWambncn°pw Abmfn¬ ‘Rm≥ acn°pw,’ ‘Rm≥ P\n°pw’F∂pw a‰pap≈ hnNmcßƒ. Cu Bibßƒ t`Zt_m[Øns‚

{]IS\cq]ßfmWt√m. F∂m¬, ⁄m\w DZn°p∂tXmsS, a\p-

jy≥ hfcp∂p. k∑m¿§t_m[w ]p„ns∏Sp∂p, At`Z_p≤n Dfhm-

bnØpSßp∂p. a\pjy¿ a\ nem°p∂ps≠¶nepw Cs√¶nepw,

AhcpsS ]n∂nep≈ i‡n kzm¿∞w shSnbm≥ Ahsc kZm

t{]cn∏n°p∂p≠v. Cu kzm¿∞XymKat{X kIe[¿Ω\oXnIfpsS-

bpw AkvXnhmcw. temIØnse GXp `mjbnepw GXp aXØnepw

GXp {]hmNI\mepw D]Zn„ambn´p≈ kIe \oXnimkv{XØns‚-

bpw ImXenXmWv; ‘‘\n zm¿∞\mbncn°pI.’’ ‘‘H∂pw Rm\√. F√mw\o Xs∂.’’ kIekZmNmckwlnXbpsSbpw ]›mØew CXt{X.AXns‚ s]mcpƒ hy‡nXz\nck\Øns‚˛\nßƒ Ft‚bpw Rm≥

\nßfptSbpw AwiamsW∂p≈ hkvXpXbpsS˛AwKoImchpw;

\nßsf t{Zmln°p∂Xn¬ Rm≥ Fs∂Øs∂ t{Zmln-°p-∂p,

\nßsf klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ Fs∂-Øs∂ klmbn°p∂p

F∂ hkvXpXbpsS AwKoImcw; \nßƒ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°p acWw kw`-hn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn√ F∂-Xns‚ AwKo-Imcw;

Cu PK-Øn¬ Hcp ]pgp-sh-¶nepw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ F\ns°ßs\

acn°m≥ km[n°pw? Fs¥∂m¬ Fs‚ Poh\mWv B ]pgphnep-

≈Xv. AtXmsSm∏w, \ΩpsS klPohnIfn¬ Hcpht\bpw klmbn-

°msX ssIshSnbpI \ap°p km≤yas√∂pw, Ahs‚ \∑bnemWv

Fs‚bpw \∑ ASßnbncn°p∂sX∂pw AXp \sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂p.

CXt{X thZm¥aXØn¬ DS\ofap≈ {]tabw. as‰√m aXß-

21



fpsS {]tabhpw thsdm∂√. Fs¥∂m¬, aXßƒ°p km[mcW-

bmbn aq∂p `mKaps≠∂p \nßtfm¿Ωn°Ww. H∂matØXv, Hmtcm

aXØnt‚bpw XØzimkv{Xw AXns‚ ImX¬, AYhm XmØzn-Imwißƒ, Dƒs°m≈p∂ hn`mKw Cu XØzßfpsS _lnx{]Im-i\Øn\p≈ D]m[nbmWv ]pcmtWXnlmk\ßƒ˛kn≤∑m¿,hoc]pcpj∑m¿, b£In∂cInw]pcpj∑m¿, tZh∑m¿ apXembh-cpsS Ncn{Xßƒ. ]pcmWßfnse {][m\mibw i‡n{]IS\amWv.BZnaL´ßfnse Xmgv∂Xcw ]pcmWßfn¬ CXp ImbnIi‡n-bpsS {]IS\hpamIp∂p. AhcpsS IYm\mbI∑m¿ _ehm∑mcpw`oamImc∑mcpamWv. \mbI≥ temIsØ apgph≥ Pbn®S°p∂p.F∂m¬ a\pjy≥ ]ptcmKan°p∂Xn\\pkcn®v amwkt]inbn¬-°qSnbp≈Xnepw Ihn™ Hcp i‡n{]Imi\am¿§w Is≠ØntbXocq. X∂nanØw Ahs‚ IYm]pcpj∑mcpw Iptd°qSn D¬Ir„-`mhØn¬ A`nhy‡cmIp∂p. Db¿∂Xcw ]pcmWßfnse IYm-\mbI∑m¿ D∂Xamb k∑m¿§\njvTbp≈hcmWv. k∑m¿§\njvT-bpw Nmcn{Xyip≤nbpw B¿÷n°p∂XnemWv AhcpsS i‡n{]ISamIp∂Xv. Ah¿°v kzbw ASn]XdmsX \n¬°m\pw Xßfp-sS t\¿°p CcºnbSp°p∂ kzm¿∞XbpsSbpw Zp¿Ωm¿§Ønt‚-bpw D{K{]hmlsØ ]nt∂m°w XpcØm\pw Ignhp≠v. C\n F√maXßfpsSbpw aq∂masØ hn`mKw, {Inbm\pjvTm\ßsf∂pwNSßpIsf∂pw ]dbmdp≈ {]XoIX{¥amWv. hoc]pcpj∑mcpsSIYIfSßnb ]pcmWßfn¬°qSnbp≈ XØz{]Imi\hpw F√m-hsc w_‘n®pw aXnbmhp∂X√. AXnt\°mfpw Iogv\nebnencn-°p∂ a\ pIfp≠v. inip°fpsS ImcyØnse∂t]mse, AØc-°m¿°p ]‰nb ‘In≥d¿Km¿´≥aXw’ {]Zm\w sNtø≠nbncn°p∂p.Aßs\bmWv, Cu {]XoIkap®bw˛ssIsIm≠p sXmSm\pw ]nSn-°m\pw a\ n\p {Kln°m\pw hnj-a-an-√m-Ø, ̀ uXn-I-km-a-{Kn-I-sf∂\ne-bn¬ ImWm\pw kv]¿in°m\pw Ignbp∂, ÿqe{]XoIßƒ˛-{ItaW BhnjvIrXßfmIp∂Xv.

Cßs\ F√m aXßfnepw ⁄m\Imfiw (XØzimkv{Xw),]pcmtWXnlmkßƒ, I¿ΩImfiw ({Inbm\pjvTm\ßƒ) F∂aq∂p ]SnIfps≠∂p ImWmw. ChnsS, thZm¥Øn\p≈ Hcp sa®w{]kvXmhyamWv. AXmbXv, ̀ mKyhim¬ ̀ mcXØn¬ Cu ]SnIƒ°phy‡amb AXncpIƒ I¬∏n°s∏´n´p≠v. a‰p aXßfnemIs´,XΩn¬ th¿Xncn®dnbpI AXy¥ZpjvIcamwhn[w XØzßƒ ]pcm-Wßfpambn sI´p]nW™pInS°p∂p. XØzßsf ]mtS {Kkn®p-sIm≠v ]pcmWw A{Knaÿm\Øp \nesIm≈p∂p; \q‰m≠pIƒIgnbptºmƒ XØzßƒ Zr„ntKmNca√mXm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

XØz-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ, DZmlcWßƒ, AXns\ {Kkn-

22



®pIfbp∂p; P\ßƒ, B hniZoIcW`mKsØ, AXmbXv XØz-

Øns‚ {]hmNIs\tbm D]tZ„mhns\tbm am{Xw ImWpIbpw

XØzw \„{]mbamhpIbpw sNøp∂p. X¬^eambn C°meØp-t]mepw, {InkvXphns\ hn´v {InkvXpaXXØzßƒ {]kwKn°m≥apXncp∂hs\ {InkvXym\nIƒ FXn¿°pw.Abmƒ sX‰mWv sNøp∂-sX∂pw {InkvXpaXØnt∑¬ {]lcta¬∏n°p∂psh∂pw Ah¿hnNmcn°pw. AXpt]mse, aplΩZpaXXØzßsf D]tZin°ms\mcp-sºSp∂ Hcmsf°pdn®v aplΩZobcpw A{]ImcwXs∂ IcpXpw.F¥psIms≠∂m¬, aq¿Øßfmb Bibßƒ, alm∑mcpsSbpw{]hmNI∑mcpsSbpw PohnXIYIƒ, XØzßsf ]mtS ad®pIf-™ncn°p∂p.

thZm¥Øns‚ {][m\ta∑ AXv as‰mcpØs‚ kr„nbs√-∂p≈XmWv. AXn\m¬ _p≤aXw, {InkvXpaXw, aplΩZpaXw Ch-bn¬\n∂p kzm`mhnIambpw hyXykvXambn, {]hmNIt\m BNm-cyt\m XØzßsf ]mtS {Kkn°pItbm adbv°pItbm sNbvXn-´n√. XØzßƒ \ne\n¬°p∂p; {]hmNI∑m¿ thZm¥Øn¬Ku\n°s∏SmsX A{][m\h¿§sa∂t]mse h¿Øn°p∂p. D]\n-jØpIƒ Hcp {]hmNIhy‡nsb∏‰n ]dbp∂n√; F∂m¬ ]teEjnamsc°pdn®pw Ah {]kvXmhn°p∂p≠v. GXm≠v Cu ZriyambBibw ]pcmX\blqZ∑m¿°p≠mbncp∂p; F∂n´pw blqZ-kmlnXyØns‚ ̀ qcn`mKhpw tamk v IøS°nbXmbn \mw ImWp∂p.Cu {]hmNI∑m¿ Hcp P\XbpsSta¬ aX]camb B[n]Xyw IøS-°p∂Xp NoØbmsW∂v F\n°p sX√pw hnh£bn√. F∂m¬XØzImfiw apgph≥ ad™pt]mIp∂psh¶n¬ AXp Xo¿®bm-bpw hfsc tZmjIcamWv. XØzßsf w_‘n®nStØmfw \ap°vH´phfsc A`n{]mssbIyw km≤yamWv; BfpIsf w_‘n®nS-tØmfamIs´, AXp km≤ya√. hy‡nIƒ \ΩpsS hnImcßsfkzm[o\am°phm≥ t\m°p∂p; XØzßƒ Iptd°qSn Db¿∂H∂n\v, \ΩpsS {]im¥amb hn[n°v (bp‡y[njvTnXamb Xo¿∏n\v)hnjbamIp∂p. A¥yZibn¬ XØzßƒ hnPbnt® aXnbmhq;Fs¥∂m¬ AXnet{X a\pjys‚ a\pjyXzw. hnImcßƒ ]et∏m-gpw \sΩ arKßfpsS \nehmcØnte°p hen®pXmgvØp∂p. hnIm-cßƒ°p _p≤ntbmSp≈Xns\°mtfsd _‘w C{μnbßtfmSmWv.AXn\m¬ XØzßƒ ]msS A{]Xy£amhpIbpw hnImcßƒ{]m_eyw {]m]n°pIbpw sNøptºmƒ, aXßƒ aX{`m¥mbpw CSp-ßnb aXk{ºZmb{]Xn]Ønbmbpw A[x]Xn°p∂p. Ah, I£n-cmjv{SobsØtbm AXpt]mep≈ Imcyßsftbm At]£n®v H´pwsa®a√. AXy¥`b¶cßfmb aqVhnizmkßsf ssIs°m≠v,

23



Ahbv°p th≠n Bbnc°W°n\mfpIƒ kzktlmZc∑mcpsS

IgpØdp°m≥ k∂≤cmIpw. Cu ImcWØmemWv, Cu almhy‡n-

Ifpw {]hmNI∑mcpw \∑bpsS alØmb t{]cIi‡nIfmsW-

¶nepw, AtXmsSm∏w AhcpsS PohnXIYIƒ Ah¿ {]Xn\n[m\w

sNøp∂ XØzßsf AhKWn°p∂Xnte°p \bn®p ]mtS B]¬-

°cßfm°nØo¿°p∂Xv. AsX√mbvt∏mgpw aX{`m¥nte°p

\bn°pIbpw temIsØ c‡{]fbØnemgvØpIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v.

Cu Zp¿LSsØ Hgnhm°m≥ thZm¥Øn\p Ignbpw; Fs¥∂m¬

AXn\p hnin„\mb Hcp {]hmNI\pw C√. Ejnam¿ F∂p hnfn°-

s∏Sp∂ At\Iw {Z„m°fp≠v. Cu kXyßsf, a{¥ßsf, Z¿in-

°p∂h≥ F∂¿∞Øn¬ ‘{Z„mhv’ F∂mWv t\cmb ]cn`mjbpw.

a{¥w F∂m¬ a\\w sNøs∏´Xv, [ym\Øm¬ BhnjvIcn°-

s∏´Xv, F∂¿∞w. Ejn Cu BibßfpsS {Z„mhmWv. Ah GsX-

¶nepw khntijhy‡nIfpsS hIb√. GsX¶nepw ]pcpjs‚tbm

kv{XobpsStbm˛Ah¿ F{XXs∂ kap∂Xcmhs´˛kzImcykzØ√;

temIØnemhn¿`hn®n´p≈Xnte°pw alm∑mcmb Bflm°fpsSt]m-

epw˛_p≤∑mcpsStbm {InkvXym\nIfpsStbm t]mepw˛kzImcy-

kzØ√. Ah, Hcp _p≤s‚b{XXs∂, A[acn¬sh®[a∂pt]m-

epw AhImis∏´XmWv; Hcp {InkvXphns‚b{XXs∂ Cg™p\S-

°p∂ Hcp sNdpIoSØn\pw AhImis∏´XmWv. Fs¥∂m¬ Ah

km¿ΔeuInIXØzßft{X. Ah Hcn-°epw krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-b-√.

Cu XØz-ßƒ k¿ΔImeØpw D≠mbncp∂p. taen¬ D≠mbncn°-

bpw sNøpw. Ah Akr„ßfmWv; C∂p {]IrXnhn⁄m\obw

\sΩ ]Tn∏n°p∂ GsX¶nepw \nbaßfm¬ kr„n°s∏´hb√.

Ah (CSbv°nsS)B—mZnXßfmbn h¿Øn°pIbpw A\m—mZnX-

ßfmhpIbpw sNøp∂p; F∂m¬ F°meØpw {]IrXnbn¬ \ne-

hnep≠v. \yq´≥ P\n®ncp∂ns√¶nepw BI¿jW\nbaw AtX]Sn

AhnsS D≠mbncn°pw, AtX]Sn {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°pIbpw

sNøpw. AXns\ Is≠Øn hmIy\njv]Øn \¬InbXpw BfpI-

fpsS Adnhn¬s∏SpØn a\pjyh¿§Øns‚ {]⁄°p hnjbam°n-

bXpw \yq´s‚ [njWmssh`hw Xs∂. [m¿ΩnI\nbaßfpsS,

B≤ymflnIamb Cu D∂XkXyßfpsS, Imcyhpw A{]Imcat{X.

Ah F°meØpw hym]cn®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. F√m thZßfpw

ss__nfpIfpw sJmdm\pw C√mbncps∂¶nepw, Ejnamcpw {]hmNI-

∑mcpw P\n®ncp∂ns√¶nepw, Cu kXyßƒ D≠mbncn°pw. Ahbp-

sS {]h¿Ø\w \n¿Ønshbv°s∏Spsa∂pam{Xw. Ah ]Xps°sb-

24



¶nepw Xo¿®bmbpw a\pjyh¿§sØ Db¿Øphm\mbn, a\pjy-

kz`mhsØ D≤cn°phm\mbn {]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°pw.F∂m¬,

Ahsb Z¿in°p∂Xv Is≠Øp∂Xv {]hmNI∑mcmWv. AØcw

{]hmNI∑mcmWv B≤ymflnIafieØnse I≠p]nSpØ°m¿.

\yq´\pw Keoentbmbpw {]IrXnhn⁄m\obØns‚ {]hmNI∑mcm-

bncn°pwt]mse, Ah¿ B≤ymflnIXbpsS {]hmNI∑mcmWv.

ChbntesX¶nepw \nbaw XßfptSXp am{XamsW∂p Ah¿°p

AhImis∏SmhX√. Ah {]IrXn°p apgph\pw IqSnbp≈ s]mXp-

kzØt{X.

thZßƒ, lnμp°ƒ ]dbptºmse BZy¥clnXßfmWv. BZy-

¥clnXsa∂Xn\v Ahcpt±in®n´p≈ A¿∞w \ap°dnbmw˛AXm-

bXv, {]IrXn°v Bcw`tam Ahkm\tam C√mØXpt]mse, Cu

\nbaßƒ°pan√. Bcw`hpw Ahkm\hpw . `qan°p]ntº `qanbpw

hyqlßƒ°p]ntº hyqlßfpw Dfhmbn, Iptd ImetØbv°p

\ne\n∂p. ho≠pw {]IrXnbn¬Øs∂ ebn°p∂p; F∂m¬ {]]-

©w AtX]Sn \ne\n¬°p-∂p. et£m-]-e£w hyql-ßƒ D≠m-

hp-Ibpw et£m-]-e£w \in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ {]]©w

AtX-]Sn \nesIm≈p∂p. GsX¶nepw Hcp {KlsØ w_‘n®v

ImeØns‚ Bcw`sa∂pw Ahkm\sa∂pw ]dbmw. {]]©-

sØ w_‘n®nStØmfamIs´ Imew A¿∞iq\yamWv. {]IrXn-

\nbaßsf˛`uXnItam am\knItam B≤ymflnItam Bb \nbaß-

sf˛ kw_‘n®pw AX{]ImcwXs∂; Ahbv°pan√ Bcw`mhkm\-

ßƒ. Bt]£nIambn ]d™m¬ GXm\pw h’cßƒ, IqSnb-

]£w GXm\pw kl{km–ßƒ, am{Xta Bbn´p≈p a\pjy≥

Ahsb shfns∏SpØm≥ {ian®pXpSßnbn´v; A\¥cmin \ΩpsS

apºn¬ tijn°p∂p. AXn\m¬, {]mcw`Øn¬Øs∂ \mw thZß-

fn¬\n∂p ]Tn°p∂ alØmb ]mTw aXw Ct∏mƒ Bcw`n®nt´

D≈p F∂XmWv. B≤ymflnIkXyamIp∂ A\¥m¿Æhw \ap°p

]co£Wßƒ \SØm\pw I≠p]nSn°m\pw PohnXØn¬ A\p`h-

s∏SpØm\pambn \ΩpsS apºn¬ \nesIm≈p∂p. temIw Bbnc°-

W°n\p {]hmNI∑msc I≠ncn°p∂p. C\n tImSn°W°n\p

ImWm\ncn°p∂p.

Hmtcm P\kapZmbØnepw At\Iw {]hmNI∑m¿ Pohn®ncp∂

Imeßƒ ]≠p≠mbncp∂p; temIØnse Hmtcm \KcØnepap≈

Hmtcm sXcphoYnbnepw {]hmNI∑m¿ k©cn°p∂Imew taen¬

hcm≥ t]mIp∂p. ]≠pImeßfn¬ Nne hy‡nhntijßƒ, Nne

25



Akm[mcW∑m¿, kmaqly\nbaßfpsS {]h¿Ø\waqew {]hm-

NI]ZØnte°p Xncs™Sp°s∏ńcpt∂m F∂p tXm∂nbncp∂p.

aX\njvT\mIpI F∂psh®m¬ {]hmNI\mIpI F∂mW¿∞sa-

∂pw {]hmNI\mIp∂Xphsc Bcpw aX\njvT\mhpIbns√∂pw\mw a\ nem°p∂ Imew hcm≥ t]mIp∂p. Cu XØzßsfms°Nn¥n°pItbm {]kwKn°pItbm sNøm≥ Ignhp≠mbncn°p∂X√aXm\pjvTm\Øns‚ a¿Ωsa∂pw, adn®v, thZßƒ \sΩ ]Tn∏n-°pwt]mse XØzßsf km£m¬°cn°p∂Xn¬, apºp km£m¬-°cn°s∏ń´p≈Xns\°msfms° \ho\hpw DXvIr„hpamb XØz-ßsf km£m¬°cn°p∂Xn¬, Ahsb kzbw Is≠ØpIbpwkapZmbat[y \S∏m°pIbpw sNøp∂Xn¬, BWv B a¿ΩwASßnbncn°p∂sX∂p \mw a\ nem°pw. aX]T\w AØcw{]hmNI∑msc kr„n°m\p≈ ]cnioe\ambncn°bpw thWw.kvIqfpIfpw tImtfPpIfpw {]hmNI∑msc kr„ns®Sp°m\p≈]cnioe\\nebßfmIWw. temIw \ndsb {]hmNI∑mcmIWw.Hcph≥ Hcp {]hmNI\mIpwhsc, Abmsf w_‘n®nStØmfwaXw tIhew aXm`mkhpw Hcp \nc¿∞I]Zhpw am{Xambncn°pw.aXw \mw Is≠ØWw. AXp \ap°\p`hØn¬ hcWw; \mw CuNpacp ImWp∂Xns‚ Hcmbncw aSßp bmYm¿∞yXo{hXtbmsS\ap°Xp km£m¬°cn°m≥ IgnbWw.

F∂m¬ aXØns‚ Cu hnhn[m`nkv^pcWßƒs°√mw ASn-ÿm\ambncn°p∂ Hcp XØzap≠v. BbXp aptº \ap°pth≠n\njv]∂ambn´p≈XpamWv. Hcp GIXzsØ Z¿in°p∂tXmsS F√mimkv{Xhpw AXns‚ A¥yZibnseØp∂p. Fs¥∂m¬ ]ns∂]ptcmKXn°p hIbn√. kºq¿Æamb GIXzsØ Is≠Ønbimkv{Xhn`mKØn\p ]n∂oSp XØz]cambn bmsXm∂pw \sΩ[cn∏n°m\n√. aXßƒ°v C\n sNøm\p≈ tPmen (e£yØn-te°p≈ am¿§ßfpsS) hniZmwißƒ \n¿Æbn°pIam{XamWv.GsX¶nepsamcp imkv{XØns‚˛ DZmlcWØn\p ckX{¥imkv{X-Øns‚˛IYsbSp°pI a‰p kIehkvXp°tfbpw D¬]mZn∏n°m-hp∂ Hcp aqe{ZhysØ \mw Is≠Ønsb∂p hnNmcn°pI; AtXm-sS ckX{¥w Hcp imkv{Xsa∂ \nebv°p ]q¿ÆXbnseØpw.]ns∂ sNtø≠Xmbn tijn°p∂Xv, {]XnZn\w B hkvXphns\(\m\mXcØn¬) Iqńt®¿Øp \qX\an{ihkvXp°ƒ D≠m°p∂-sXß\sb∂pw B an{ißsf Fßs\ PohnXmhiyßƒs°ms°hn\ntbmKn°msa∂pw I≠p]nSn°pIbmWv. aXØns‚ kwKXn-bnepw CXpt]mseXs∂. aXØns‚ almXØzßƒ, AXns‚km[yXm]cn[nbpw ]≤Xnbpw bpKßƒ°paptº I≠p]nSn°s∏´p-Ign™p; AXmbXv thZßfpsS A¥yhN\w F∂p ]dbs∏Sp∂

26



‘tkmflw’ XØzsØ˛ bmsXm∂n¬ kakvX`uXnIam\knI{]]-©ßfpw GIXzw {]m]n°p∂pthm B GIsØ˛bmsXm∂ns\ a\p-jy¿ Cuizc≥, {_“w, A≈m, btlmhm CXymZn t]cpIƒsIm≠phnfn°p∂pthm, B H∂ns\˛Is≠ØnbtXmsS AXp I≠p]nSn°-

s∏´pIgn™p. AXn\∏pdw t]mIpI km[ya√. kap∂XXØzØn-s‚ cq]tcJ \ap°mbn \njv]∂ambn´p≠v; \ΩpsS I¿Øhyw,AXns‚ CSIƒ \nIØpI, AXns\ {]hrØn]YØn¬ sIm≠p-hcnI, PohnXØnse Hmtcm Ahÿbnepw {]mtbmKnIam°pI,am{XamIp∂p. HmtcmcpØ\pw Hmtcm {]hmNI\mbn amdØ°hÆw\mw {]h¿Øn®p XpStß≠nbncn°p∂p. B Hcp henb thebmWv\ΩpsS apºn¬ Ahtijn°p∂Xv.

{]hmNI≥ Fßs\bp≈h\msW∂p ap≥Imeßfn¬ A[nIwt]¿°pw a\ nembncp∂n√. {]hmNIXzw bmZr—nIambn h∂p-IqSp∂ H∂msW∂t{X BfpIƒ hnNmcn®ncp∂Xv; shdpw C—m-i‡nsb hym]cn∏nt®m km[mcWbn¬ Ihn™ _p≤ni‡n{]tbmKnt®m BWv DXvIr„⁄m\w kºmZn®ncp∂sX∂v Ah¿hnNmcn®p; F∂m¬, B ⁄m\w Hmtcm PohnbpsSbpw˛AbmƒBcpamIs´ FhnsSbpamIs´˛P∑mhImiamsW∂pw Cu {]]©-Øn¬ bmZr—nIw Fs∂m∂ns√∂pw C°meØp sXfnbn®psImSp-°m≥ \Ωƒ k∂≤cmWv. bmZr—nIambn h√Xpw In´p∂p F∂p\mw hnNmcn°p∂ Hmtcm Zr„m¥Ønepw Abmƒ ]Xps°sb¶n-epw \n›bZm¿VytØmsS AXn\pth≠n bpKm¥cßfneqsS {]b-Xv\n-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ Cu {]iv\w ]q¿Æ-ambpw \sΩ-Øs∂B{ibn°p∂p; \ap°p {]hmNI∑mcmIWsa∂pt≠m? Ds≠¶n¬\mw BhpIbpw sNøpw.

{]hmNIXz]cnioe\sa∂ Cu henb thebmWv \ΩpsSapºnep≈Xv. F√m aXßfpw t_m[]q¿Δtam At_m[]q¿Δtam{]h¿Øn®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xpw Cu Hcp alØmb e£ysØem°m°nbmWv. Nne aXßsf w_‘n®v Cusbmcp hyXymkwam{Xap≠v. B≤ymflnIXbpsS Cu A]tcm£m\p`qXn CuPohnXØn¬ e`n°p∂Xs√∂pw, a\pjy≥ acn®p as‰mcp temI-Øn¬sh®v ]ns∂mcp ImeØmWv Ah\v B A\p`qXnIƒ D≠m-IpI F∂pw, F∂m¬ Ahsb Ah≥ Ct∏mƒ hnizkn°Wsa∂pwB aXßƒ {]Jym]n°p∂p. F∂m¬ CØcw {]Jym]\ßƒ\SØp∂ F√mhtcmSpw thZm¥w tNmZn°pw, ‘B≤ymflnIXDs≠∂p ]ns∂ Rßƒs°ßs\ Adnbmw?’ F∂v. At∏mƒ,A⁄mXhpw At⁄bhpamb hkvXp°fpsS Hcp ho£Ww CuPohnXØn¬Øs∂ t\Snb Nne khntijhy‡nIƒ F°meØpwD≠mbncp∂ncn°Wsa∂v Ah¿°v kΩXnt°≠nhcpw.

27



ChnsSbpw Hcp {]bmkw t\cnSp∂p. tIhew bmZr—nIambn Cui‡n e`n® khntijhy‡nIfmWv Ahsc¶n¬ \ap°hsc

hnizkn°m≥ hø. bmZr—nIamb GsXm∂nepw hnizkn°p∂Xp

]m]ambncn°pw; Fs¥∂m¬ \ap°v AXns\∏‰n AdnbpI km[y-

a√. Adnsh∂psh®mse¥mWv? khntijXbpsS hn\miw. Hcp

Ip´n sXcphoYnbntem arKimebntem khntijmIrXnbp≈

P¥phns\ I≠psh∂p hnNmcn°pI. AsX¥p P¥phmsW∂v Ah-

∂dnbm≥ taem. ]ns∂mcn°¬, CØcw P¥p°ƒ \qdp\qdmbp≈

Hcp cmPyØv Ah≥ t]mIp∂p. AtXmsS Ah≥ Xr]vX\mIp-

∂p˛AXmbXv B P¥phns‚ h¿§w Ah\p a\ nemIp∂p. \Ωp-

sS Adnhv XØzsØ (kmam\ysØ) AdnbpIbmWv; Adnhn√mbva

kmam\ytØmSp _‘s∏SpØm\mhmØ khntijX ImWpIbpw

kmam\ytØmSp _‘s∏SpØm≥ IgnbmsX, HcpZmlcWtam

DZmlcWßtfm Is≠Øptºmƒ \mw A‘ImcØn¬s]Sp∂p,

\ap°v Adn™pIqSm F∂p ]dbp∂p. AXn\m¬, C{μnbmXoXamb

hkvXp°fpsS Z¿i\w e`n°m\p≈ A¿lX Cu {]hmNI∑m¿°p-

am{Xw, a‰m¿°pan√ F∂msW¶n¬, Ah¿ AØcw khntijhy‡n-

Ifmbncps∂¶n¬, \mw Ahcn¬ hnizmka¿∏n°m≥ ]mSn√; Fs¥-

∂m¬ Ah¿ kmam\ytØmSp s]mcpØs∏SmØ khntijZr„m¥-

ßfmWv. \mwXs∂ {]hmNI∑mcmIpsa¶nte \ap°v Ahcn¬

hnizkn°m≥ \n¿Δmlap≈q.

IS¬]mºns\∏‰n hrØm¥]{Xßfn¬ hcmdp≈ ]e XamiI-

fpw \nßƒ tIƒ°p∂p≠t√m. F¥psIm≠mWXßs\? GtXm

Nne¿ h√t∏mgpw h∂p IS¬∏mºns\∏‰n XßfpsS IYIƒ

]dbpIbpw, a‰mcpw Hcn°epw Aßs\sbm∂ns\ ImWmXncn°bpw

sNøp∂XpsIm≠v. Cu IYIƒ Hcp kmam\yXØztØmSv s]mcp-

Øap≈hb√; AXn\m¬ Ahsb temI¿ hnizkn°p∂pan√. Hcmƒ

Fs‚bSpØp h∂v C∂ {]hmNI≥ hmbphn¬°qSn ]d∂v A{]Xy-

£\mbn F∂p ]d™m¬ F\n°sXm∂p ImWWw. ‘\nßfpsSA—t\m A∏q∏t\m AXp I≠n´pt≠m?’ F∂p Rm≥ tNmZn°p-∂p. ‘tlbv, C√; Aømbncw sIm√w apºmWv AXp≠mbXv’F∂mW-bmfpsS adp]Sn. Rm\Xp hnizkn°mØ]£w Fs∂t∂bv°pw

\cIm·nbn¬ hdp°s∏SpIbpw thWw.

Fs¥mcp aqVhnizmkw. CXns‚ ^ew, a\pjys\ Ahs‚

ssZhnI{]IrXnbn¬\n∂v arKobXzØnte°v XmgvØpIbmWv. \mw

hnizkn°m≥ \n¿∫‘cmsW¶n¬, \aps°¥n\p hnNmci‡n

28



X∂p? bp‡n°p \nc°mØXp hnizkn°pIsb∂Xv AXnITn\-

amb Cuizcmhtlf\at√? Cuizc≥ \ap°p X∂n´p≈Xn¬sh®p

alØmb Ignhns\ D]tbmKn°mXncn°m≥ \aps°¥hImiw?

Xs‚ hnNmci‡n D]tbmKn®Xn\ptijw hnizkn°m≥ hømXm-

hp∂ Hcpht\mSv Cuizc≥ £an°psa∂pw X\n°p \¬Is∏´IgnhpIsf D]tbmKs∏SpØmsX A‘ambn hnizkn°p∂ht\mSvA{X £an°ns√∂pw F\n°p \n›bap≠v. HSphn¬ ]d™h≥kz{]IrXnsb A[x]Xn∏n°p∂p. kzbw arKØns‚ \nehmcØn-te°p Xmgp∂p, kz¥w C{μnbßsf A[x]Xn∏n°p∂p. HSphn¬acn°pIbpw sNøp∂p. \mw bp‡nNn¥ sNøWw; F√m cmPyØp-ap≈ {]mNo\{KŸßfn¬ {]Xn]mZn°s∏Sp∂ Cu {]hmNI∑m-scbpw almflm°sfbpw kw_‘n® kXyßƒ bp‡n \ap°psXfnbn®p Im´ptºmƒ \mahcn¬ hnizkn°pw. \ΩpsS Iq´Øn¬-Øs∂ AØcw {]hmNI∑mcp≠mIptºmƒ \mw Ahcn¬ hnizkn-°pw. At∏mƒ \ap°dnbmdmIpw. Ah¿ khntijhy‡nIf-s√∂pw Nne kmam\yXØzßfpsS DZmlcWßƒ am{XamsW∂pw.Ah¿ {]bXv\n®p; XXv^eambn B XØzw Ahcn¬ {]ISambn.\Ωn¬ AXp {]ISamIphm≥ bXv\w sNtø≠Xp≠v. Ah¿ {]hm-NI∑mcmsW∂p \ap°v hnizkn°mhp∂Xv \mapw {]hmNI∑m-cmIptºmgmWv. sFizckXyßfpsS {Z„m°fmWh¿. C{μnbß-fpsS taJesb AXn{Ian®pt]mIm\pw C{μnbmXoXhkvXp°fpsS£WnIZ¿i\w t\Sm\pw Ah¿°p Ign™ncp∂p. \mapw A{]Im-cw sNøm≥ Ignhp≈hcmIptºmƒ AsX√mw hnizkn°pw. AXn\papºn√.

CXmWv thZm¥Øns‚ GIXØzw, aXw (A\p`hs∏SptØ-≠Xv) ChnsSsh®pw Ct∏mƒØs∂bpamWv. Fs¥∂m¬ Cu P∑-sa∂pw adpP∑sa∂pw PohnXsa∂pw acWsa∂pw CltemIsa∂pw]ctemIsa∂pw a‰pap≈ {]tabt`Zßƒ ]q¿Δ[mcWIsfBkv]ZoIcn®p≈ shdpw A‘hnizmkßfmWv. \mw (k¶¬∏-Øm¬) D≠m°p∂sXmgn®v ImeØn\p hnt—Zan√. ]ØpaWnbpw]{¥≠paWnbpw XΩn¬, {]IrXnbnse Nne am‰ßƒ \nanØw \mwIev]n°p∂X√msX, F¥p hyXymkap≈p? Imew Ahn—n∂ambn{]hln®psIm≠ncn°p∂p. AXn\m¬ Cu PohnXsa∂pw adpPohnX-sa∂pw ]d™mse¥mW¿∞w? AXv Imew kw_‘n® Hcp{]tabw am{XamWv; Ime\„w bXv\w Xzcn∏n°p∂XpsIm≠v ]cnlcn-°mhp∂XpamWv. AXn\m¬ thZm¥w ]dbp∂p: aXw Ct∏mƒØs∂km£m¬°cnt°≠XmsW∂v. \nßƒ aX\njvTcmhpI F∂p-sh®m¬, aXsam∂pan√msX XpSßn kz{]bXv\ØneqsS apt∂m´p-

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t]mbn hkvXpXIsf km£m¬°cn°pI, Ahsb t\sc Is≠-

ØpI, F∂t{X. Aßs\ sNøptºmƒ am{XamWv \nßƒ°p

aXaps≠∂p ]dbmhp∂Xv. AXn\papºv \nßƒ \ncoizchmZnItf-

°mƒ t`Za√; AYhm Ahtc°mƒ I„amWv. Fs¥∂m¬ \ncoizc-

hmZn°v Hcp t\cp≠v. Ah≥ t\sc \n∂p ]dbpw, ‘CuhI Imcy-ßsf°pdn®v F\n°dn™pIqSm’ F∂v. AtXhn[w Adn™p-IqSmØ a‰p NnecmIs´, Xßƒ hfsc aX\njvTbp≈hcmsW∂ptLmjn®psIm≠v F√mbnSØpw \S°pw. Ah¿°v F¥p aX-amWp≈sX∂v B¿°pw \n›ban√. Ah¿ GtXm apØ»n°YIƒtI´psh®n´p≠v; AsX√mw hnizkn®psIm≈Wsa∂v ]ptcmlnX-∑m¿ Ahsc A\pimkn®n´pap≠v; Aßs\ sNømØ ]£w Ah¿IcpXnbncp∂psIm≈s´ F∂pw. Cu hn[amWv kwKXnIƒt]mIp∂Xv.

aXw A\p`hs∏SpØpIam{XamWv GIam¿§w. \mtamtcmcpØ-cpw XØzw Is≠ØWw. as‰¥mWv, Cu {KŸßfpsS, temIØnsethZ]pkvXIßfpsS, {]tbmP\w? Hcp cmPyØns‚ `q]Sw \ap°p{]tbmPIcambncn°pwt]mse Ahbv°pap≠v hensbmcp {]tbm-P\w. Rm≥ ChnsS hcp∂Xn\papºv Bbpjv°mew apgph≥ Cw•-≠ns‚ `q]Sw I≠ncp∂p; Cw•≠ns\∏‰n Hcp kmam\yNn{Xw a\- n¬ cq]oIcn°phm≥ AXp hfsc klmbn®n´p≠v. F¶nepwRm\nhnsS hs∂Ønbtijw, kztXbp≈ Cw•≠pcmPyhpw AXn-s‚ ]Shpw XΩn¬ Fs¥mc¥cw! CXpt]msebmWv aX{KŸßfpwaXXØzßfpsS km£m¬°mchpw XΩnep≈ A¥cw. aX{KŸ-ßƒ `q]Sßsft∏msebmWv; Ah apºp≠mb BfpIfpsS A\p-`qXnIsf Dƒs°m≈p∂p; AtX A\p`qXnIsf B¿÷n°m\pwAXpt]msetbm AXns\°mƒ sa®amb coXnbntem Imcyßƒkzbw Is≠Øm\pw [ocXtbmsS bXv\w sNøm\pw Ah \ap°pt{]cIi‡nIfmbn h¿Øn°p∂p.

CXmWv thZm¥Øns‚ {]YaXØzw˛aXsa∂Xv A\p`qXnbmsW-∂pw km£m¬°mcap≈h\mWv aX\njvTs\∂pw. km£m¬-°mcan√mØh≥ ‘F\n°dn™pIqSm’ F∂p ]dbp∂ht\°mƒsa®a√, AYhm hjf\mhm\pw aXn, Fs¥∂m¬ ‘F\n°dn™p-IqSm’ F∂p ]dbp∂ a‰h∂p t\cp≠v. C\n, Cu km£m¬°cW-ImcyØn¬ Cu {KŸßƒ am¿§\n¿t±iw sNbvXpw D]tZißfpwA`yk\apdIfpw Acpfnbpw \sΩ Xptemw klmbn°p∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬ Hmtcm imkv{XØn\pap≠v AXmXnt‚Xmb KthjWcoXn-Iƒ, ‘F\n°v aX\njvT\mIWsa∂p≠mbncp∂p Chsbms°km£m¬°cn°phm≥ Rm\m{Kln®p. ]t£ F\n°p km[n®n´n√.

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AXpsIm≠v Rm\nsXm∂pw hnizkn°p∂n√’ F∂p ]dbp∂]etcbpw temIØn¬ ImWmw. hnZym`ymkw kn≤n®hcpsS Iq´Øn-

epw CØc°msc ImWmw. ‘Rm≥ Bbpjv°mea{Xbpw aX\njvT-\mIm≥ {ian®p; F∂m¬ AXnsemcp Np°pan√ F∂p ]dbp∂AkwJyw t]cp≠v. Hcmƒ Hcp henb {]IrXnimkv{X⁄≥, ck-X{¥imkv{X⁄≥, BsW∂pw Abmƒ \nßtfmSp ckX{¥-XØzßsf°pdn®p ]dbp∂psh∂pw hnNmcn°pI, ‘‘Rm≥ ckX{¥-sØ∏‰n bmsXm∂pw hnizkn°p∂n√, F¥psIms≠∂m¬ Rm≥Bbpjv°mew apgph≥ ckX{¥⁄\mhm≥ {iaw \SØn; F∂n-´pw Rm\Xnsemcp hkvXphpw I≠n√’’ F∂p \nßƒ AbmtfmSp]d™m¬, Abmƒ tNmZn°pw, ‘‘\nßƒ Ft∏mƒ, Fßs\{ian®p?’’ F∂v. ‘‘Rm≥ Ddßm≥ InS∂t∏msgms°, ‘tl, ckX{¥-ta, Fs‚bSpØp h∂mepw’ F∂p P]n®ncp∂p. F∂n´v AsXmcn-°epw h∂n√.’’ CXpXs∂bmWv at‰StØbpw \ne. ckX{¥-imkv{X⁄≥ \nßsf t\m°n Nncn®n´p ]dbpw: ‘‘Gbv, ckX{¥-Øns‚ coXn AX√, \nßsf¥psIm≠v KthjWimebn¬ sN∂vAæßfpw £mcßfpw a‰pwsIm≠v XpSsc ]co£Wßƒ \SØn-bn√? B hn[Ønte \nßƒ°p ckX{¥w ]Tn°m≥ km[n°q.’’aXØns‚ ImcyØnepw \nßƒ CXpt]mse _≤∏mSpIƒ kln-°p∂pt≠m? Hmtcm imkv{XØn\pap≠v AXmXns‚ ]T\am¿§w;aXhpw AXpt]mse A`yknt°≠XmWv.AXn\v AXns‚ kz¥wam¿§ßfp≠v. kIe{]mNo\{]hmNIcn¬\n∂pw˛aX]cambn Fs¥-¶nepw I≠p]nSn®n´p≈, A\p`hs∏SpØnbn´p≈, GsXmcmfn¬-\n∂pw˛\ap°p h√Xpw ]Tn°m\p≠mhpw, \mw ]Tn°pIbpw th-Ww. GsXmcp am¿§hntijWØneqsSam{XamtWm, aXkXyßƒkm£m¬°cn°phm≥ Ignbp∂Xv, B am¿§ßƒ Ahcn¬\n∂p\ap°p In´pw. Ah¿ BbpjvImeamsI t¢in®v a\ ns\ kwkvI-cn°m≥ Nne hgnIƒ I≠p]nSn®n´p≠v; a\ ns\ Hchÿmhntij-ØnseØn®v AXy¥w kq£vamhtemI\£aam°n, AXn¬°qSnAh¿ B≤ymflnIkXyßsf Z¿in®p. \mw B≤ymflnIX ssI-hcphm≥, aXw Is≠Øphm≥, AX\p`qXam°phm≥, Hcp {]hmN-I\mIphm≥, Cu am¿§ßsf kzoIcn®\pjvTn°Ww. A{]ImcwsNbvXn´pw H∂pw ImWp∂ns√¶n¬, At∏mƒ ‘aXØnsemcp hkvXp-hpan√; AXp Rm≥ ]co£n®dn™p’ F∂p ]dbphm≥ \ap°-hImiamhpw.

F√m aXßƒ°pap≈ A\pjvTm\hiamWnXv. temIØnseF√m aX{KŸØnepw AXp ImWmw.XØzßfpw {]amWßfpwam{Xa√ Ah D]tZin°p∂p≈q; kn≤mflm°fpsS PohnXNcn{X-Øn¬ A\pjvTm\apdIfpw ImWpw. BNcWm¿∞ap≈ \nbacq]-

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Øn¬ kv]„ambn {]Xn]mZn®n´ns√¶nepw, {]hmNI∑mcpsS PohnX-IYIfn¬ ImWmw. Ah¿t]mepw XßfpsS `£yt]bßfn¬ Nne-

t∏mƒ \nb{¥Wßƒ G¿s∏SpØnbncp∂psh∂v, AhcpsS apgp-

h≥ PohnXhpw ˛AhcpsS BNcWßfpw coXnIfpsa√mw˛Np‰p-

]mSpap≈ kmam\yPohnXØnt‚Xn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambncp∂p.

CXmWv, Ah¿°v Db¿∂Xcw shfn®w, CuizcZ¿i\w, e`n®Xns‚

\nZm\hpw. \ap°v Cu Z¿i\w thWsa¶n¬, \Ωfpw Cu coXnIf-

hew_n°m≥ k∂≤cmhWw. km[\m\pjvTm\w, {]bXv\w, AXt{X

\sΩ B AhÿnbnseØn°pI. AXn\m¬ thZm¥Ø

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