By

Yogesh Vishwanath Chavan (B.E. Mechanical)omsai_333@rediffmail.com; Mo: 9764064821

The Beginning …

Once Upon a time, there was nothing; no space-

time, no mass-energy.

God asked Himself a Question –

“Nothingness, for how long time?”

Hence, Quanta of Imaginary Time, iTq (which

Coordinate is Periodic; 2π) in 0-D space was

created for Critical Mass (Mc = Constant) with no

violation of “Law of Conservation of Mass-energy”.

Quanta of i-Space-Time = Fundamental Constant

“Biggest Blunder of His Life”

Universe in 0-D Space and 1-D i-

Time

( iq)2 = ( iHq/2π)2 = ( G0) * ( Mc)

(Hq/2π)2 = G0 * Mc

Where, Hq= 1/Tq and G0 = Gravitational Parameter in

0-D Space = 1. Above equation converts “i-Time” into

“Real Time” and –Ve Mass into +Ve Mass.

+ Mc; - G0- Mc; + G0

Imaginary Quanta of

Space = iq= c*(iTq)

0-D Space

Ec = Mc * c2 and Gravity Effect

in Each Universe = Mc * {1+ (3P/)}

= 2 * Mc; (3P/) = 1

Evolution of Universe and

During Birth of Universe, there was only one

Fundamental Force i.e. “Gravity”.

Evolution of Universe into Higher Dimension was

governed by factor “”.

= t /c

Where, t = Total Density of Each Universe, and

c = Critical Density of Each Universe

For (>1), k = 1 ; Collapsed Universe

For (=1), k = 0 ; Flat Universe

For (<1), k = -1; Expanded Universe

(k = Space Curvature Constant)

N Space-Time and

N Space-Time t = Total Density of

Each Universe

c = Critical Density

of Each Universe

= (t / c )

N=1; 0-D Space Mc * {1+ (3P/)} = 2* Mc Mc 2

N=2; 1-D Space 2* Mc / (π*q) Mc / (2*q) 4/ π = 1.273

N=3; 2-D Space 2* Mc / {2*π*(q)2} Mc / {π*(q)

2} 1

N=4; 3-D Space 2* Mc / {π2*(q)3} Mc / {4*π*(q)

3/3} 8/(3*π)= 0.848

Why 3-D Space and 1-D Time ?

Quanta of i-Space-Time = F. C.

Saved Universe from “Singularity” in 0-D to 2-D Space.

Projected Universe into next Higher Dimension

because of instability between gravity effect of 1

and Resistance given by “Quanta of i-Space-Time”.

For e.g.

0-D Space

= 2

1-D Real Space

= 1.273

Variable G Theory

N Space-Time Equation Gravitational

Parameter (G)

N=1; 0-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G0 * Mc G0 = 1

N=2; 1-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G1 * Mc / q G1 = q

N=3; 2-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G2 * Mc / (q)2 G2 = (q)

2

N=4; 3-D Space

(Expansion of Universe)

H2 = 2 * G3 * Mc / ()3

= 4 * π2 * G2 * Mc / ()2

G3 = 2 * π2 * G2 *

= 2 * π2 * (q)2 *

G3 = G

iq Q (Charge) F. C.

From Current Cosmological Observations –

k=0; T0 = Current Age of the Universe = 13.9 Gyr

0 = Current Size of the Observable Universe c*T0

1.32 * 1026 m --- (c = 3 * 108 m/s)

And, t c 9.7 * 10-27 Kg/m3.

Mc {c * 4 * * 03 / 3} 8.9 * 1052 Kg

Hq = Sqrt(4 * 2 * G0 * Mc) 1.873 * 1027 s-1

Or, iq i * c / Hq 1.602 * 10-19 im Q (Charge)

And, G = Gravitational Parameter = 2* 2 * (q)2 * 0

6.68 * 10-11 m3/Kg.s2 Constant

Quanta of i-Space = Charge = F. C.

Why God had chosen iq Q ?

It was not chosen, but “Q” itself is combination of

other F. Cs like h, c and k.

Possible combination :-

Other Interesting Combinations :-

Q = h/ (c * k) = 1.602 * 10-19 im

Where, h = 6.6262 * 10-34 J.s; k = 1.380 * 10-23

J/0K and c = 2.997 * 108 m/s; Unit of k Kg

Me = 2 * π2 * h/ (c2 * Q) = 9.09 * 10-31 Kg

∵ Frequency of Electron , e 1/Q

MP = π * h/ (c2 * k) = 1.673 * 10-27 Kg

∵ Frequency of Proton , e 1/k

Initial Condition of Universe

From Friedmann Equations :

For = 0.848, k = -1. G a and a-4;

Integrating above first equation gives,

H2 = (å/ a)2 = (8*π*G/3)* - (k * c2/a2)

ä/ a = -(4*π*G/3)**{1+(3P/e)}

(å)2 = c2 * {(b2/a) + 1} --- {b2 = Constant}

And, ä = - {b2*c2/(2*a2)} < 0

a * (b2+a) - b2 * ln{a + (b2+a)} = ct

for (b2 << a); a – b2 ln{2 * a} = ct a ct

Initial Size of Universe in 3-D Space = R= {2**Mc/k}1/3 *

q = 5.5 * 106 m with time (T) equal to (Tq). Where, Mc=

9*1052 Kg

Advantages of F.C. Theory

This Unique Theory defines origin of “Big Bang” with explanation of “Why 3-DSpace and 1-D Time ?” without violation of Law of “Conservation of Mass-Energy”.

Defines Curvature of Space during Birth of Universe i.e. (k=-1). Not possiblewith any other theory.

Finds relation between “F.Cs” and also, their relation with contents of theUniverse like, Q (Charge) Quanta of Space; k/(2) 123 Gev Mass(Higg’s Boson Mass?); c Time; h Energy. {Q = h/ (c*k)}

With increase in size of the Universe “a”, (∵ b2 << a). From equations, å c; ä 0 and a c * t, i.e. k 0 (No need of Fine Tuning).

Solves “Flatness”, “Horizon” and “CMB Fluctuations” problem with no need of“Exponential Inflation”.

For Flat (k=0) and Matter dominated Universe (a-3) with Variable G (G a);å = c; ä = 0. It shows that Phase change (from radiation to matter) occurredwhen Universe turned from k=-1 to k=0. Further deep study at particlephysics is required.

Empty Space (Vacuum) is not empty, but rather filled with non interacting andexpanding matter such that its Local Density (TU)-3 ; TU = Local UniversalTime depends upon gravity effect of mass-energy in given region.

H2 = (TU)-2 = (8/3)*G* = (8/3)*{22* (q)2} *c*TU*

Dark Energy Vs Baryonic matter

Baryonic matter (High Density Stuffs) makes Size of

Universe less than Actual Size based upon (a = ct).

Volume = VA Volume = VB < VA

Voids creates “Concave Shape; k = -1” “Dark

Energy” and B.M. makes “Convex Shape; k= +1”

“Dark Matter” with respect to Hubble’s Line.

High

Density

Stuffs

Hubble’s Line; V= H0*r

Void; k = -1Galaxy “A”Galaxy “B”

k = +1k = +1

Space-Time Curvature

Time

TGalaxy < THubble < TVoids < TActual

CDM Model ?

Hubble’s Reference Line solves both problem of “D.M.”and “D.E.” with no need of “Ugly Stuff” like CosmologicalConstant (P = - ; Repulsive G. Force).

Escapes easily from “Cosmic Coincidence” problem.

No Danger of “Big Rip” or to remain alone in Universe.

“Acceleration of Universe” is Illusion; ä 0.

Changed of “Curvature of Space : k” from “-1” to currentvalue of “0” during evolution of Universe suggests “Fateof Universe Collapsed State” by increased in value of“k” to “+1” with increase in value of “G a”. Universeshould be Periodic (i-Time).

CDM Model can not explain “Pioneer’s Anomaly” (ä -0.5*c*H0). While in this theory, for (k=0; G a) and Matterdominated Universe (P=0), ä = - {4*2*(q)

2*Mc}/(2*a)=- c2/(2a) - 0.5*c*H0, Gives, s = - ä * (Tyear)

2 = 345 Km

iq Q (Charge) Pressure

In Fluid Dynamics, Pressure (P) d (Depth of Fluid)

Surface of Fluid Pressure = 0

Quanta of i-Space Depth of Each Universe P

For Fermions, P d Q; and

For Fermi-Bosons, P /3 d/3 Q/3 (Quarks)

FermionsFermi-Bosons

+ Q

- Q

0

+ Q/3

- Q/3

+ 2Q/3

- 2Q/3

+ Q

- Q

Time

3-D Space

(Surface of Fluid)

Bosons

Q (Charge) and Particles

Photon Forward Direction of Time = Reversed Direction of Time; Net Time = 0

Photon

Electron

0

Q

Time

3-D Space of Each Universe

Proton Meson

Neutron

Time

Particles with Charge (-2Q and -2Q/3) are Impossible.

This Particles should convert into Anti-Particles.

8 Gluon Glue Ball = 4-D Quanta Particle

Anti-Matter Vs Matter

Anti–Matter : Mass remains Constant, but Sign of

Charge (Q) is Reversed.

To annihilate Anti-Matter with Matter and to Convert

into Photons (Forward Direction of Time) Matter = (Reversed Direction of Time) Anti-Matter

Matter in One Universe Acts like Anti-Matter in its Twin Universe

Flat Twin Universes;

Thickness of Each

Universe = iQ

Electron in Top Universe Behaves Like Positron (Anti-Matter) in its

Bottom Universe When Both Universe Merged at that Point

Neutron Star Meson Star

Neutron Star Chandrasekhar's Limit (MN 1.4 * MSUN)

Neutron Quark Confinement Color Charge S.N.F.

S.N.F. Strong Low Energy; Weak Higher Energy

Neutron

G

R

B G

R

B

Neutron

No Gluons Between Quarks; (S.N.F. = Weak Higher Energy in S.G.F.)

G

R

R

BŘ

Meson

G

R

B R

G

B G

R G

BĞ

Meson

Meson Star Black Hole

Meson Star Net Time = 0

Annihilation of Up, Anti-Up Quark Pairs into Photons.

converts Meson Star Photon Star (Black Hole)

(Gravity)Mass-Energy of B.H. = (Pressure)Photons

G * MB * MB * {1+(3P/)}/ r2 = ( * c2/ 3) * 4 * * r2

r = Rs = (2 * G * MB/ c2)

Black Hole is a “Photon Star” which Merged Twin

Universes into Single Universe up to its “Event Horizon”

Black Hole in Twin Universe

3-D Space of Both Universes

Separated By Twice Quanta

of Space

Black Hole Gravitates

Both Universe

3-D Space of Both Universes Merged at Event Horizon of Black Hole. Pair

Creation of Particle & Anti-Particle; both having +Ve Mass in their

Universe. Hence, Black Hole can radiate without Loss of Informations.

Massive Black Holes Because

of Feeding From Both UniverseTime

Time

RS

Thank You