Universality & LFV in Upsilon Decays at CLEOUniversality & LFV in Upsilon Decays at CLEO J.E....
Transcript of Universality & LFV in Upsilon Decays at CLEOUniversality & LFV in Upsilon Decays at CLEO J.E....
Universality & LFV in Upsilon Decays
at CLEOJ.E. Duboscq
Cornell [email protected]
For the CLEO Collaboration
Tau06 Sept 19 2006 1
Topics
CLEOIII Detector and Data
A Search for the Lepton Flavor Violating decay Υ→μτ
Test of Lepton Universality in Υ→ττ and Υ→μμ
JED Tau06 2
The CLEOIII DetectorSolenoid Coil
Barrel Calorimeter
RICH Drift Chamber
Silicon /beampipe
EndcapCalorimeter
IronPolepiece
Barrel MuonChambers
MagnetIron
Rare EarthQuadrupole
SC Quadrupoles
SC QuadrupolePylon
2230104-001
CLEO III
1400701-002
Muon Chambers
Excellent Calorimeter Coverage and Resolution
Excellent Tracking Coverage and Resolution
Ring Imaging Cerenkov & dE/dx for PID
+ A Great Accelerator Team CESR
3JED Tau06
CLEO Upsilon Data
CLEOIII HAD the largest world sample of clean Υ events below b threshold (cf Belle 3s)
Also has off-resonance data + scan data + data at Υ(5S)
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
Υ(1s) Υ(2s) Υ(3s)
events CLEO 2 CLEO 3
4JED Tau06
Search for LFV Violation in Υ→μτ
5JED Tau06
Lepton Flavor ViolationWe don’t annihilate when we shake hands.
Baryon Asymmetry generated via Sakharov conditions: B & C & CP violation, + Universe out of thermal Equilibrium for a while
B, L are accidental symmetries of SM
B-L is however conserved
Maybe B is violated because L is violated and maybe this is related to LFV ?
6JED Tau06
LFV for τ and Υ Decaysτ Decay LFV talks about Υ LFV
2 Theoretical Estimates
If we assume that a ! decays to µ! , then by unitarity its exchange contributes also tothe decays ! ! 3µ and ! ! eµµ as is shown if Fig. 1. With some assumptions, thisallows to relate the experimental upper limits on partial widths of the latter decays to theconstraint on the branching fraction for ! ! µ! . Using B(! ! 3µ) " 10!6, Nussinov,Peccei and Zhang estimated[1] B(! ! µ!) " 10!2, which is quite encouraging from theexperimental point of view. Furthermore, these authors remarked that LFV decay of the! could be larger than quoted limit because the contribution of virtual ! state to LFVleptonic decays of the ! could be kinematically and dynamically suppressed. Accoridingto Nussinov and collaborators the decay ! ! µ! might be kinematically enhanced (ascompared to its contribution to the decays of !) because of anomalous magnetic momentcoupling. The dynamic suppression of !" contribution to neutrinoless ! decays could beexplained by form-factor e"ects. Nowadays, model-independent estimate of the reference[1]should be updated with the most recent data[3] on neutrinoless decays of ! . Assuming nokinematic and dynamic suppression, taking into account all data on LFV decays of the !lepton, recent experimental results B(! ! 0") " 10!7 would give us a 90% CL upper limitestimate B(!! µ!) " 10!3.
t
!
µ
"
#
!
µ
"
#
Figure 1: Virtual ! meson contribution to the decays ! ! 3µ, ! ! e+e!µ and ! ! #µ.
The same unitarity-based model-independent approach has been employed by Huo, Yueand Feng who used the existing data on ! decays to arrive[2] at B(! ! µ!) " 8.0 # 10!5
and B(! ! µ!) " 2.9 # 10!4 for two form factor models describing the vertex !" ! µ! .Huo et al. also analyzed the impact of the existing data on the LFV decays of ! mesonsin the framework of GUT leptoquarks: B(! ! µ!) " 1.3 # 10!7, SUSY with broken Rparity:4 B(! ! µ!) " 2.2 # 10!8, and top-color assisted Technicolor (TC2) with the newTeV-mass intermediate vector boson Z #: B(!! µ!) " 1.3# 10!7. These estimates rely ona number of assumptions and, more importantly, the new physics contribution to the decays
4In SUSY framework R parity is defined as R = ($1)3B+Ltotal+2S , where B, Ltotal and S are the baryonnumber, total lepton number and intrinsic spin of the particle, respectively. The ordinary particles areR-parity even while their superpartners are R-parity odd. Tree-level non-conservation of lepton number inSUSY requires broken R parity.
6
B(τ → 3 μ) < 10-6 ⇒ B(Υ → μ τ) < 10-2
S.Nussinov, R.D.Peccei, X.M. Zhang PRD63(2000), 016003
of ! mesons might be kinematically enhanced in comparison to the decays of ! lepton ashas been outlined previously.
We would also like to mention that in the context of SUSY there is an important con-nection between LFV and Dark Matter: currently, the best candidate for the latter is theLightest Suppersymmetric Particle (LSP) which is either stable or extremely long-lived. Sta-ble LSP would require R parity conservation which means no tree-level lepton and baryonnumber violating terms in SUSY Lagrangian. Therefore, a possible observation of LFVabove non-perturbative instanton-induced rate would allow to estimate relevant couplingconstants and upper limits on the lifetime of LSP in SUSY. This would give us some insighton Dark Matter. In this fashion, Kim, Ko and Lee[4] used the data from a variety of previousexperiments to place the constraints on LFV-violating couplings of SUSY Lagrangian withbroken R parity. We show some of Feynman diagrams for LFV decays of ! mesons in Fig. 2for leptoquarks, additional gauge bosons (e.g. in TC2) and SUSY hypotheses.
-�
-�
!"�#�
-�
-�
!
$� µ�
% / ! �
Figure 2: Some Feynman diagrams for LFV ! decays that could arise due to a) leptoquarks,b) additional gauge bosons in a large variety of models and c) SUSY with broken R parity(with neutralino and sleptons in the loop) or new heavy neutrinos.
Finally, Silagadze suggested[5] to use LFV decays of ! and J/" as a probe of the scaleof quantum gravity or some other new interaction in a very general way. In his (leadingorder) estimate, performed in the spirit of e"ective theory, he introduces generic four-fermionoperators and, treating ! states non-relativistically, he arrives at
#(!! µ±!!)
#(!! µ+µ")=
1
2e2b
!#N
#
"2 !M!
$
"4
(1)
where eb = 1/3 is the electric charge of b quark, # is fine structure constant, M! is the massof ! meson, $ (possibly of a TeV order) is the true scale of quantum gravity (in models based
7
of ! mesons might be kinematically enhanced in comparison to the decays of ! lepton ashas been outlined previously.
We would also like to mention that in the context of SUSY there is an important con-nection between LFV and Dark Matter: currently, the best candidate for the latter is theLightest Suppersymmetric Particle (LSP) which is either stable or extremely long-lived. Sta-ble LSP would require R parity conservation which means no tree-level lepton and baryonnumber violating terms in SUSY Lagrangian. Therefore, a possible observation of LFVabove non-perturbative instanton-induced rate would allow to estimate relevant couplingconstants and upper limits on the lifetime of LSP in SUSY. This would give us some insighton Dark Matter. In this fashion, Kim, Ko and Lee[4] used the data from a variety of previousexperiments to place the constraints on LFV-violating couplings of SUSY Lagrangian withbroken R parity. We show some of Feynman diagrams for LFV decays of ! mesons in Fig. 2for leptoquarks, additional gauge bosons (e.g. in TC2) and SUSY hypotheses.
-�
-�
!"�#�
-�
-�
!
$� µ�
% / ! �
Figure 2: Some Feynman diagrams for LFV ! decays that could arise due to a) leptoquarks,b) additional gauge bosons in a large variety of models and c) SUSY with broken R parity(with neutralino and sleptons in the loop) or new heavy neutrinos.
Finally, Silagadze suggested[5] to use LFV decays of ! and J/" as a probe of the scaleof quantum gravity or some other new interaction in a very general way. In his (leadingorder) estimate, performed in the spirit of e"ective theory, he introduces generic four-fermionoperators and, treating ! states non-relativistically, he arrives at
#(!! µ±!!)
#(!! µ+µ")=
1
2e2b
!#N
#
"2 !M!
$
"4
(1)
where eb = 1/3 is the electric charge of b quark, # is fine structure constant, M! is the massof ! meson, $ (possibly of a TeV order) is the true scale of quantum gravity (in models based
7
of ! mesons might be kinematically enhanced in comparison to the decays of ! lepton ashas been outlined previously.
We would also like to mention that in the context of SUSY there is an important con-nection between LFV and Dark Matter: currently, the best candidate for the latter is theLightest Suppersymmetric Particle (LSP) which is either stable or extremely long-lived. Sta-ble LSP would require R parity conservation which means no tree-level lepton and baryonnumber violating terms in SUSY Lagrangian. Therefore, a possible observation of LFVabove non-perturbative instanton-induced rate would allow to estimate relevant couplingconstants and upper limits on the lifetime of LSP in SUSY. This would give us some insighton Dark Matter. In this fashion, Kim, Ko and Lee[4] used the data from a variety of previousexperiments to place the constraints on LFV-violating couplings of SUSY Lagrangian withbroken R parity. We show some of Feynman diagrams for LFV decays of ! mesons in Fig. 2for leptoquarks, additional gauge bosons (e.g. in TC2) and SUSY hypotheses.
-�
-�
!"�#�
-�
-�
!
$� µ�
% / ! �
Figure 2: Some Feynman diagrams for LFV ! decays that could arise due to a) leptoquarks,b) additional gauge bosons in a large variety of models and c) SUSY with broken R parity(with neutralino and sleptons in the loop) or new heavy neutrinos.
Finally, Silagadze suggested[5] to use LFV decays of ! and J/" as a probe of the scaleof quantum gravity or some other new interaction in a very general way. In his (leadingorder) estimate, performed in the spirit of e"ective theory, he introduces generic four-fermionoperators and, treating ! states non-relativistically, he arrives at
#(!! µ±!!)
#(!! µ+µ")=
1
2e2b
!#N
#
"2 !M!
$
"4
(1)
where eb = 1/3 is the electric charge of b quark, # is fine structure constant, M! is the massof ! meson, $ (possibly of a TeV order) is the true scale of quantum gravity (in models based
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Z’LeptoQuark
W.J. Huo, C.X. Yue, T.F. Heng, PRD67(2003),
114001
SUSY Loops
B(Υ→μτ) < 1.3x10-8
B(Υ→μτ) < 2.2x10-9
7JED Tau06
LFV for τ, Υ Decays
B(!! µ!)B(!! µµ)
" ("N/")2(M!/")4
Z. Silagadze, Phys. Scripta 64(2001),128
Generic 4 fermion coupling αN at scale Λ added to SM to get LFV
τb
μb
αN
Λ
8JED Tau06
LFV: The analysisSearch for Υ→μτ, τ→eνν
2 tracks: μ (muon ID), e (E/p, dE/dx)
Extended Max Likelihood
Use Product PDF:
Sum over: Signal LFV decay ⊕ ττ ⊕ μμ (γ) w/
hard γ ⊕ μμ with μ decay to electron
Υ(4S), off res used as calibration & control samples
P(pµ)! P(pe)! P(dE/dx(e))! P(E/p(e))
L = e!Nevnt!evnt ("NiPi(X|S))
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μ near Ebeam
JED Tau06
Background & Signal Regions
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x = pµ/Ebeam
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pe/E
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Figure 6: The 2D distribution of y versus x (and the x projection) for our calibrationamd control samples, i.e. !(4S) and “continuum” data after all selection criteria includingapplying the electron-is-not-even-a-poorly-quality-muon requirement (technically speaking,MUQUAL = 0 or MUDEPTH = 0). There are 6764 events in this plot. Notice that: 1)some muon pairs survive this selection and, also, 2) there are obviously some events withbeam-energy muons that have a fairly wide distribution of y which indicates that theseevents are likely to contain one real beam-energy muon and one real electron. We think thatthese events are due to muon’s decay to electron in flight. The events we are now concernedabout are indicated by two ovals.
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μμ + hard γ
Signal Region
μμ & μ decay in flight
ττ
Ups(4S) data
γ hits CC and fakes E/p
about 100 in Υ(4S) data
Extract most PDFs from Υ
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dE/dx(ELEC)
Fits to Υ(1S) Data
ττμμ hard γ
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Figure 38: Projections of the results of four-component (including signal) 4D unbinned MLfit and the comparison with binned !(1S) data. The legend for the results of the fit: solidblack for everything, dashed green for ! pairs, dotted red: muon pairs with hard radiation,dot-dashed blue (solid blue for right top corner plot): muon pairs with decay to electron.Dashed black line (top left corner plot only) shows 100 hypothetical signal events added tothe results of the fit.
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MC Signal
μμ, decay in flight
p(μ)/Ebeam E/p(ELEC)
p(e)/Ebeam
11JED Tau06
Preliminary LFV Results
Largest Syst: PDF shapes & correlations
First Limits on Υ→τμThese BRs set a lower limit of ≈ 1 TeV on generic LFV scale (assuming strong coupling)
Resonance Υ(1S) Υ(2S) Υ(3S)Efficiency 8.9% 8.9% 8.9%
Nevents < 10.0 < 10.7 < 8.5
B(Υ→μτ)(10-6) < 6.2 < 25 < 22
B(Υ→μτ)/B(Υ→μμ) < 0.023% < 0.17% < 0.13%All limits are 90% CL UL
12JED Tau06
Universality in Υ Decays with Υ→μμ,ττ
13JED Tau06
CLEO has measured B(Υ(nS)→μμ), Γ(ee→Υ(nS)) n=1,2,3 PRL94:012001(2005) hep-ex/0409027
Υ→ττ rounds out this series
B(Υ(1S)→ττ) known to ≈ 10 % in PDG
Υ(2S)→ττ “observed” Br=1.8+/-1.7%
Υ(3S) not yet seen
Υ→ττ Motivation
14JED Tau06
Naive Universality:
B(Υ→ee)=B(Υ→μμ)=B(Υ→ττ)
If this ain’t the case, there’s some explaining to do
Sanchis-Lozano: Higgs searches have a blind spot near the Υ
The decay chain Υ→γηb, (ηb→A0), A0→ττ could
alter N(Υ→ττ)/N(Υ→μμ), if γ soft&undetected
Υ→ττ Motivationτ
b τb
γ
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cf next talk, hep-ph/0307313
JED Tau06
Isolate μμ and ττ signals at & below Υ(nS), n=1..4
Apply On -S*Off to Υ(4S) data for μμ and ττ - expect B(4S →ll) ≈ 0
Find Off Resonance σ(e+e-→ττ); compare with σ(e+e-→μμ)
Apply On-S*Off to 1S, 2S, 3S data for μμ and ττ
Extract R = N(Υ→ττ)/N(Υ→μμ)
Get Branching Ratio B(Υ→ττ) using B(Υ→μμ)
Goal: B(Υ→ττ)/B(Υ→μμ)
S=LOn/LOff (EOff/EOn)2
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Technique Check
Technique Check
JED Tau06
Use μμ cuts similar to previous Υ→μμ study
Use 1 Prong decays : B(τ→1prong) ≈ 75%
2 Track events, passing generic ττ missing momentum, energy cuts (neutrinos!)
Classify tracks as e, μ, X
Include neutral energy, shower cuts
How to find Υ→ ττ, μμ
Cosmics are rejected
17JED Tau06
On & S*Off at the Υ(4S)
TextTextCM
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ee→μμ
18JED Tau06
Breakdown by τ decay channels
All decay channels agree
We can reconstruct ee→ττ, μμ
Off Res σ(ττ)/σ(μμ)/Exp
!theory(e+e! ! "")!theory(e+e! ! µµ)
= 0.82
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Average over lepton modes
overall average
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JED Tau06
On And S*Off Res For ττ, μμ
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Data remaining after On-S*Off subtraction should be all due to Υ decays
First Observation
20JED Tau06
Data after On-S*Off is a sum of Signal Υ→ll, Cascade to lower Υ→ll, Other Υ decays.
Measure Br(Υ(1S)→ll) to scale MC cascade bgd for Υ(2S) decays, iterate for Υ(3s).
Use Koralb for Υ→ττ with ISR turned off
Υ has the quantum numbers of the photon
Koralb has helicity correlations
Getting N(Υ→ll)
21JED Tau06
A Sprinkling of plots
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Distribution for 3 different modes at 3 resonances for ττ, assuming
universality
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Υ(1S) Υ(2S)
Υ(3S)
JED Tau06
Need More Convincing ?
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Highest Momentum Particle
Lowest Momentum
Particle
neutral Energy
Isolated Showers
Good agreement w/ MC across Resonances, Final states, and kinematic quantities
23JED Tau06
How Many Events ?
1S 2S 3S
On-S*Off 61697±1536 25085±1399 16290±1522
background 1556±83 3334±593 1536±474
ε(ττ) 11.2±0.1% 11.3±0.1% 11.1±0.1%
N(ττ)/ε (103) 537±14 193±12 132±13
N(μμ)/ε (103) 527±15 185±11 126±11
Sum of all τ decay modes
Stat, MC Stat errors inc
24JED Tau06
R=B(Υ→ττ)/B(Υ→μμ)
R(1S) = 1.02 ± 0.02 ± 0.05
R(2S) = 1.04 ± 0.04 ± 0.05
R(3S) = 1.07 ± 0.08 ± 0.05
Final
Result
Largest Syst from τ selection criteria (2.9%) and Trigger (1.6%)
Almost all Stat Error from On/Off Subtraction
submitted to PRL
25JED Tau06
hep-ex/0607019
R by Decay Mode
26
Average over lepton modes
overall average
(X,Y) = P(X)> P(Y)
JED Tau06
R=B(Υ→ττ)/B(Υ→μμ)
Use CLEO’s published B(Υ→μμ) - cf
Avoid syst error double counting
Extracting B(Υ→ττ)
B(Υ(1S)→ττ) = 2.54 ± 0.04 ± 0.12 %
B(Υ(2S)→ττ) = 2.11 ± 0.07 ± 0.13 %
B(Υ(3S)→ττ) = 2.55 ± 0.19 ± 0.15 %
τ statsyst+μ stat
27
PRL94,012001(2005)
JED Tau06
Look at γ spectrum No obvious spike in the 1S Spectrum
Expected region is falling fast - hard systNo obvious spike in 2S, 3S spectra
What about ηb/higgs?
90% CL UL
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FIG. 10: The photon spectrum for the !(1S) sample, including all ! decay modes, along with asuperimposed photon spectrum from the Higgs process outlined in the text. The branching fractionfor this process is set at the upper limit for the decay in the inclusive search. The e"ciency forseeing the photon is scaled by 0.90 to account for the correct photon angular distribution relativeto that generated in the Monte Carlo.
31
R is consistent with 1 - no big signal
Attribute deviation R(1S)-1 to “higgs”
B(Υ→γηb, ηb→A0, A0→ττ) < 0.27% 90% CL UL
28
MC for Signal
Scaled Photon Energy
Υ(1S)
JED Tau06
Searched for LFV gives BR(Υ→μτ) ≈< 10-5
Measured B(Υ→ττ)/B(Υ→μμ) consistent with 1
measured B(Υ→ττ)Consistent with PDG at 1S (but lower)
Best Value for 2S
First value for 3S
Set limit on CP odd Higgs in Υ(1S) region
ConclusionsCLEO has:
29
90%CL UL
JED Tau06