Unit 13- Verbs Aorist, Perfect System

Aorist Ind. Act. - VerbsSome have both 1st and 2nd aorist forms. / Mixed aorist kappa forms, Both a short-vowel and a long-vowel grade stem.-/-, -/-, -/-

Mixed Aorist Ind. Act. - Verbs---() ------() ---

Mixed Aorist Ind. Act. - Verbs---() ---() ()

Mixed Aorist Ind. Act. - Verbs---() ---() ()

1st

2ndAthematic

2nd Aorist Ind. Act. - Verbs---() ------ ---

2nd Aorist Ind. Act. - Verbs--- ---

Aorist Ind. Middle - VerbsAll are athematic 2nd aorists.Formed on short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.Use the athematic imperfect indicative middle/passive endings, mostly. has NO 2nd aorist middle form.

Aorist Ind. Middle - Verbs--- ------ ---

Aorist Ind. Middle - Verbs--- ---

Aorist Subj. Active - VerbsSame aorist subjunctive active endings.Use short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.Contract the endings with the stem.Same unusual omicron contract already seen with . As before, uses the epsilon for the stem instead of the alpha.

Aorist Subj. Active - Verbs--- ---()--- ---()

Aorist Subj. Active - Verbs--- ---()

() () ()

Aorist Subj. Middle - VerbsSame aorist subjunctive middle endings.Use short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.Contract the endings with the stem.Same unusual omicron contract already seen with . As before, has NO aorist middle forms because is uses the intransitive.

Aorist Subj. Middle - Verbs--- ------ ---

Aorist Subj. Middle - Verbs--- ---

Aorist Opt. Active - VerbsSame aorist optative active athematic endings.Use short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.Contract the endings with the stem.Like the present optative, goes back to using the alpha short-vowel grade.

Aorist Opt. Active - Verbs-/--/--/- -/--/--/-/-

--- -/--/--/-

Aorist Opt. Active - Verbs--- -/--/--/-

Aorist Opt. Active - Verbs--- -/--/--/-

Aorist Opt. Active - Verbs--- -/--/--/-

Aorist Opt. Middle - VerbsSame aorist optative middle athematic endings.Use short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.Contract the endings with the stem.As before, has NO 2nd aorist middle form.

Aorist Opt. Middle - Verbs---o ------ ---

Aorist Opt. Middle - Verbs--- ---

Aorist Imperative Act. - VerbsFor mixed aorists, use the short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.-, -For root aorists, use the long-vowel grade of the aorist stem.-The second person singular is different. Mixed aorist: - Root aorist: -

Aorist Imperative Act. - Verbs-/--/-

-/--/--, --

--

Aorist Imperative Act. - Verbs-, --

--

Aorist Imperative Mid. - VerbsIt is formed using the short-vowel grade stem of the aorist stem.-, -As before, has NO 2nd aorist middle form.Same endings as the thematic, only without the thematic alpha/epsilon.The intervocalic sigma drops in the second person singular and contracts.

Aorist Imperative Mid. - Verbs-/--/-

-/--/---

--

Aorist Imperative Mid. - Verbs--

--

Aorist Infinitives Active - VerbsFor mixed aorists, use the short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.-, -contract with the ending -For root aorists, use the long-vowel grade of the aorist stem.-add the ending -

Aorist Infinitives Active - VerbsFor mixed aoristsFor root aorist

Aorist Infinitives Middle - VerbsFor mixed aorists, use the short-vowel grade of the aorist stem.-, -add the ending As before, has NO 2nd aorist middle form.

Perfect & Pluperfect Active - For the singular of the perfect and pluperfect tenses active, forms as thematic verbs on the 4th principal part.The plural of the perfect and pluperfect tenses active use a different stem and different endings.The passive forms as thematic verbs on the 5th principal part.

Perfect Active - ---

---()

()

Perfect Active - ---

---()

()

Pluperfect Active - Pluperfects form mostly in the same way as perfects.Add the past augment to the singular.Use the thematic personal endings for the singular and the athematic personal endings for the plural.

Pluperfect Active - ---

---()

Pluperfect Active - ---

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