Unification of Gravity with Electro-Magnetic Phenomena:

GEM

Gravity, g, is Voltage, V

Copyright © Francis V. Fernandes 2009

NPA’s 16th Annual ConferenceStorrs

University of ConnecticutMay 25-29, 2009

• Part 1: Electromagnetism

Defining Field & Flux

• Part 2: Magnetic Flux Quantum, Φ0

Φ0, Exists only at c • Part 3: Anti-Gravity

Electro-magnetic levitation

• Part 4: Gravity

Gravity arises from acceleration of ether

• Part 5: Heat, H

Radiant heat is the energy of 186

Term Current understanding Refurbished ParadigmVoltage, V Potential difference▲ Acceleration

Resistance, R Opposes current flow▲ Velocity per charge or current per unit 186 ether mass

Current, I Electron flow▲ Momentum per coulomb of 1.16×1010 kg ether

Charge, q 1.60217653 × 10-19 C1.0 C

1.86 ×10-9 kg ether 1.16×1010 kg ether

Acceleration due to gravity, g Force per unit mass Voltage

Cross sectional area, A Cross section of a conductor Pi times radius squared times 137

Field Comes into being when mass or charge is introduced▲

Ether is the fabric – 186s

Electric field, E Force per unit charge Current per unit time

Electric flux, ΦE Field, E passing thru area, A Acceleration of 1.16×1010kg/C ether thru area, A

Magnetic field, B A measure of magnetic force per unit charge moving at velocity, v

Current per unit length

Magnetic flux, ΦB Field, B passing thru an area, A Angular momentum of 186

Atomic mass units, AMU Inverse of Avogadro number of particles Mass of a photon cluster

Speed of Light, c Locomotion of photons▲ Speed of an etheric wave front

Von Klitzing constant Resistance measured for super-conductors▲

Velocity of 186 mass for super-conductors

Pressure, P Force upon area Magnetic field, B squared

Heat, H Total KE of a system Energy of 186

Time, t=q/I Charge per unit current Time for current to pass thru a radial distance of the 186 ether

Ether force constant Not defined Force of 186 ether 1.21×1044 N

Voltage is accelerationConsider 511 keV for an electron

Ve

eV

Volts2419

101894.31060217653.1

511000

2415

72872

101894.310817940325.2

10)10998.2(10

r

conAccelerati m/s2

Part 1: ElectromagnetismDefining Field & Flux

The Field

The fabric of ether, comprised of myriads of 186-ether masses, is the field. The radius of each “186-ether mass” is the Boltzmann constant.

The etheric field is a constant ratio,

And the same ether represents charge,

mkg /10346611109.110380668031.1

10859222909.1 2736

9

7-36-9219- 1010380668031.11085922209.110602176537.1

The Field – 2 components

• Electric Field,

• Magnetic Field, r

IB

t

IE

Unity of Voltage, V, and Gravity, g

Consider the data collected from electrolysis of water.

• Current I = 0.068 amps• Time t = 18,000 s

• Equation: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e-

A/s10777777778.318000

068.0 6t

IE

q

FE

196 1060217653.110777777778.3 F

NF 2510052666891.6

27

25

10672622228.1

10052666891.6

m

Fa

866941.361a m/s2

Force of a H-atom

10059382315.2

10534697788.17

11

t

rv

7

2

10

m

qr

727

219

1010672622228.1

)1060217653.1(

r

mr 1810534697788.1

866941.361

10534697788.110 1172

a

rt

st 710059382315.2

510452222254.7 v

10059382315.2

10380668031.17

29

t

rv

smv /10 6.70428225 -23

29

2239

10380668031.1

)1070428225.6(10859222909.1

T

NT 2510052666891.6

The Radius of a Hydrogen Atom

Frequency is the signature for action via field ether at a distance.

Force of 186-ether

14

29

2 10241055521.4

10380668031.1

t

ra

161025548209.3 a

169 1025548209.310859222909.1 amF

NF 2510052666891.6

The force of one hydrogen atom equals that of 186-etheric mass

m/s2

Method 2

2mveVe or

V

mve

22

For 186

2

16

2392

1025548209.3

)1070428225.6(10859222909.1

e

For a Hydrogen Atom

866941.361

)10452222254.7(10672622228.1 25272

e

Note that voltage, V, is acceleration, a

There is No Locomotion of 186

m/s for the 186-ether

m/s for the H-atom

-2310 6.70428225v510452222254.7 v

1823

5

10111561533.11070428225.6

10452222254.7

189

9

10111561533.110859222909.1

10066640667.2

Thus, increase in velocity is not due to velocity increase of 186 but due to mass of contained ether. Frequency is constant.

The ratio of mass of contained ether of a H-atom and the 186-ether

Proof: Resistance, 186

IR

910859222909.1 I

q

vR A/kg

19

23

1060217653.1

1070428225.6

q

vR

410184484125.4 R

910859222909.1

IR

410184484125.4 R

A/kg

A/kg

A/kg

A/kg

2132 )10779888747.7( I

252 10052666891.6 I N

Calculating the Electric Field, t

I

q

FE

qFE /

19

25

1060217653.1

10052666891.6

q

FE

61077777778.3 E N/C

N/C

7

13

10059382315.2

10779888747.7

t

IE

61077777778.3 E

A/s

A/s

Thus Electric Field is current in time.

Current, I, Redefined

Current is now defined as the momentum of one coulomb charge.

One coulomb charge is equivalent toether .

kg1010160435741.1

AI 2310 1070428225.610160435741.1

AI 1310779888747.7

Evidence of Ether

RFE

Input the value for the radiusof a hydrogen atom with radius,

1125 10534697788.110052666891.6 E

3610289014489.9 E362 10289014489.9 vmE

Substitute the velocity, v,

kgv

Em

223

36

2 )1070428225.6(

10289014489.9

kgm 910066641105.2

The ether mass contained within a proton is obtained from the ether constant ratio {ref. 1}.

mkg /10 091.34066111 r

m 27

mkg /10 91.34661110 1081.53469778

1052.06664110 2718-

9

Thus, the existence of ether is proven.

Magnetic field, B, within a Hydrogen AtomThe ratio of current, I, to the radius, r, is proven to be the magnetic field, B.

mAr

IB /

10534697788.1

10779888747.711

13

mAB /10069329485.5 2

smB

Ev /

10069329485.5

10777777.32

6

smv /10452222254.7 5

smt

rv /

10059382315.2

10534697788.17

11

smv /10452222254.7 5

2127

2

10639607605.7)10059382315.2(

18000

Protons

21213

2

10639607605.7)10779888747.7(

068.0

Similarly, the ratio of total current squared passed during electrolysis to the current squared passed thru one proton equals the number of protons discharged at the cathode.

Notice that the ratio of the total time squared for electrolysis and time squared for one proton equals the number of protons discharged at the cathode.

Protons

Electric, E, and Magnetic Field, B, for 186

mAr

IB /

10380668031.1

10779888747.729

13

mAB /1063487281.5 16

smv /1070428225.6 23

Substitute values for the magnetic field, B and velocity, vB

Ev

tAE /1063487281.51070428225.6 1623

tAE /10777777.3 6

t

I

q

FE

Defining Electron Volts eV

RIV as defined by Ohms law

e

vIV

Resistance, R is substituted by velocity, v per unit elementary charge, e.

vIeV

t

rIeV

t

IreV

EreV Thus electron-volts is the electric field, E, times distance, r.

Electric Flux

q

FrEreV

Input values for the classical electron radius, force in couplets {ref.1} and elementary charge,

1915

1060217653.1

05350661.2910817940325.2

eV

9213.510998eV

511keV

The value of 511 keV is the electric field, E, manifesting itself through the radius of an electron. Twice 511 keV is used in experiments for pair production.

2 rr

eV

ΦE = reV 036.137 Rr

Electric flux is the electron volts through half the wavelength distance of a photon, proton or electron

ΦE = E A

ΦE =

The Magnetic Flux, ΦB

vB

E

vReV

vE

B

036.137

Substitute, e with I × t,

vR

t

vItB

036.137

036.137 RIB

Magnetic flux is the current, I, through half the wavelength distance of particles such as a photon, proton or electron.

Part 2: Magnetic Flux Quantum, Φ0

Φ0, Exists only at c

137.036 R I BA

A property of a super current is such that the magnetic flux passing through any area bounded by such a current is quantized. The quantum of magnetic flux is a physical CODATA constant, Φ0, and is independent of the underlying material of the current carrying super conductor.

e

h

20 Wb1510067833636.2

The Ether Force

289 1099792458.210859222909.1 E

810670986218.1 E

RFE

36

8

10380668031.1

10670986218.1

R

EF

NF 4410210273708.1

Cross section of a photon

NF 4410210273708.1

NIsquaredF 744 1010210273708.1 1810478898832.3 I

A

36

18

0 10380668031.1

10478898832.3

AWeber 540 10519721434.2

7010206596204.8 A

036.1372 RA

The Source of Speed of Light, c

18

19

10478898832.3

1060217653.1

I

qt

st 3810605412826.4

38

29

10605412826.4

10380668031.1

t

rc

smc /1099792458.2 8

The Von Klitzing Constant

If we consider the wavelength of 186,

38

33

10605412826.4

10188786353.1

t

v

smt

v /80761.25812

036.1372 r

036.13710380668031.12 36

m3310188786353.1

Part 3: Anti-GravityElectro-magnetic levitation

Place a 0.50 m horizontal section of conductor with a mass of 8.00g at 90 degrees to a 0.400 T magnetic field.

The weight of the conductor,

The magnetic force on the conductor is, F = BIL Sin θ

Nkg

NkgF 0784.0

8.9008.0

9050.040.00784.0 SinmITN

AI 392.0

So, current, I, of 0.392 A is required to flow through the 0.50m conductorplaced 90 degrees to the magnetic field, B, of strength 0.40 T for a levitation effect. [This is conventional understanding]

Let us consider current generated by the magnetic field, B, of

0.4 T on 0.5m length of the conductor. A 0.2 m 0.5 T 0.4 I

Method 1: Current Squared & Gravitation2I Fgrav

N 0.0784 kg

N 9.8 kg 0.008 F

A 0.2 A 0.392 N 0.0784

So, current, I, of 0.392 A is required to flow through the 0.50m conductorplaced 90 degrees to the magnetic field, B, of strength 0.40 T for a levitation effect. [This is conventional understanding]

A magnetic field, B, contributes 0.2 A and additional input current of 0.392 A is the reason for levitation.

[Reason for levitation]

Method 2: Magnetic field & Gravitation

L

I B

0.7840.5

0.392 B Input field

A/m 0.4 B External field

0.3136 0.4 0.784 B2

0.56A/m B

0.28 0.5 0.56 L B I

N 0.0784 0.282 I2

Method 3: Acceleration & Gravitation

If 0.392 A current is present within 0.008 kg mass of a conductor, then we can check how much is present over 186 mass of ether.

9-186

1091.85922290

I

0.008

0.392

A-8186 10 49.11019225 I

9-

2-8

1091.85922290

)10 54(9.1101922 V

610463994204.4 V

9-

22

1091.85922290

0.2

m

I V

710151436485.2 V

710 52.15143648

6-10 44.46399420

2(9.8)

[Levitation in terms of acceleration]

m/s2

m/s2

The uniform magnetic field, B of 0.4 T produces a force of 0.04N or a current of 0.2 A, by the acceleration of 186.

NF 79 10151436485.210859222909.1

NF 04.0

N 0.04 A 0.2 I Force, 222

2

-297

t

1011.38066803 1052.15143648a

1119-

-29

10723490521.11088.01088264

1011.38066803 v

AmvI 1110 10723490521.110160435741.1 AI 2.0

Thus, current is the momentum of one coulomb charge

Acceleration, a due to gravity, g is voltage, V

2s

m Volts a g

Part 4: GravityGravity arises from acceleration of ether

The ether mass contained within a proton is shown to accelerate at 9.8 m/s2.

The ether mass contained within a proton is obtained from the ether constant ratio {ref. 1}.

mkg /10 091.34066111 r

m 27

27-18 10 91.34661110 10 91.53469779 m

kg 10 52.06664110 m 9

Proof

[the ether mass]

-182 10 1.5347 9.8 r a v

sm /10 13.87814884 v -9

-910 10 13.87814884 10 11.16043574 I

4A45.0034252 I

N 32025.30828 I2

N1072 10 32.02530828 N 10 I F

9.8

10 32.02530828

a

F M

10

kg 10 52.06664110 M 9

Part 5: Heat, HRadiant heat is the energy of 186

tRIH 2

74213 10059382315.210184484125.4)10779888747.7( H

CJH /10215857007.5 35

22310 )1070428225.6(10160435741.1 H

CJH /10215857007.5 35

q

vH

2910859222909.1

Problem

At 300 Kelvin, the speed of hydrogen gas is measured by experiment to be 1927.31 meters per second and demonstrates the kinetic theory of gases formula to be correct.

Tkvm 32

30010380668031.1331.192710672622216.12 23227

2mveVe

2

2710

e

vmaV

2227 1

31.192710672622216.12e

V

2/10840723482.4 11 sma

NF 90010840723482.410859222909.1 119

KF 3003

Newly Derived Formulae

• Magnetic flux,

• Cross section area of an electron/photon,

• Electric Field, Magnetic Field,

• Electron volts,

• Light speed,

• Von Klitzing constant, due to 186,

137.036 R I BA

137.036 R A 2

t

I E

r

IB

rEeV

smt

rc /

10605412826.4

10380668031.138

29

smt

v /80761.2581210605412826.4

10188786353.138

33

kgAm

/I

R

CJq

vHHeat /10859222909.1,

29

2s

m Volts a g

forceFI ,2

essurePrA

F

r

IB

2

22

Resistance,

The proton radius, m-1110 91.53469779

Acceleration due to gravity,

Significance-Everyday Lives

• Ablation of Cells - Microbial & Cancer

• Real Time ECG

• Frontier Energy - Levitation

Acknowledgements

• Thanks to the NPA judges for precious time spent to evaluate this work and ask questions that lead to deeper insights.

• Thanks to David Hilster for the video connections across the globe.

• Thanks to Mediclone Biotech, Chennai for support in my endeavor to ablate pathogenic microbes and cancer cells.

• Thanks to Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Chennai for the interaction with scientists during the international conference on sensor technology.