Exe

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ptypeface for graph

ic designers

Exe

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�uien es Exentra?

against tasteless

Attention to details

High contrast

Spontaneity & precision

υπέροχο στις λεπτομέρειες

�emarkable

lively and attractive

Typeface family for publications

promoting forward-thinking

through a contemporary and

experimental vision of modern

culture and trends. Its style

combines the elegance and

warmth of calligraphy with the

precision and digital sharpness

of the computer process

that give it a contemporary

look. Unconventional letter

shapes, and the playful and

dynamic design, reinforce the

idiosyncrasy of the typeface.

–Family Structure

Roman

Roman Italic

Sans Serif

Displays

Non–Latin

Thin Light

Greek

BlackDisplay

Gurmukhi

Franky

CUTS

STYLES

a a a a a a a

SemiLight Regular SemiBold Bold Thick

a

ਡε

aaa

Typographie

Unique terminals and shapes that are impossible to create in calligraphy make the style unique.

High contrast/Diagonal Stress

Vertical ear

Loop with angled neck, increasing its dynamism

Calligraphic terminal

–Design Features

Exentra's letter–shapes combine smooth curves with sharp geometry.

Calligraphic dot

High x-hight

Calligraphictail and legs

EF present the central stroke that crosses the stem.

Slightly narrow width

Corners as a result of the sharp modulation

Asymmetric Serifs

The smooth curve on the top of the stems contrasts with the geometric feeling of parallelism.

AaBbCc

Exentra, RomanABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzÁÀÂÄÃÅÆÇÉÈÊËÍÌÎÏÑÓÒÔÖÕØŒ�ÚÙÛÜÝŸáàâäãåçéèêëíì î ïñóòôöõøœßúùûüýÿ@£( [&] ) / / . , : ; “ ” ‘ ’«» ! ¡?¿‹ › -–—12345678901234567890

40 pt

37 pt

24 pt

14 pt

10 pt

8 pt

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilo-metres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is geographically the second-smal-lest nation in South America after Suriname. Uruguay remained largely uninhabited until the establishment of Colonia del Sacra-mento, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, by the Portuguese in 1680. Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century, signifying the

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the met-ropolitan area of its capital and largest city,

Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is geographically the second-smal-lest nation in South America after Suriname.Uruguay remained largely uninhabited until the establishment of Colonia del Sacramen-to, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, by the Portuguese in 1680. The Spanish in the early 18th century, signifying

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dogTHE QUICK, BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER A LAZY DOG

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

11 pt

8 pt

AaBbCc

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

áàâäãçéèêëí ì î ïñóòôöõúùûü

���������� ff fi fl ffi ffl

&. , : ; “ ” ‘ ’ ! ¡ ?¿ -–—

12345678901

Exentra, Italic40 pt

37 pt

22 pt

14 pt

10 pt

8 pt

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay Spanish: República Oriental

del Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America.

It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east,

with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home

to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area

of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approxima-

tely 176,000 square kilometres 68,000 sq mi, Uruguay is geographically

the second-smallest nation in South America after Suriname. Uruguay

remained largely uninhabited until the establishment of Colonia del

Sacramento, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, by the

Portuguese in 1680. Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by

the Spanish in the early 18th century, signifying the competing claims

over the region. Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828,

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay Spa-

nish: República Oriental del Uruguay, is a coun-

try in the southeastern region of South America.

It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil

to its north and east, with the Atlantic Ocean

to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home to

3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in

the metropolitan area of its capital and largest

city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately

176,000 square kilometres 68,000 sq mi, Uruguay

is geographically the secon smallest nation in

South America after Suriname. Uruguay re-

mained largely uninhabited until the establish-

ment of Colonia del Sacramento, one of the oldest

European settlements in the country, by the

Portuguese in 1680. The Spanish in the early 18th

century, signifying the competing claims over

the region. Uruguay won its independence bet-

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dogTHE QUICK, BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER A LAZY DOG

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

11 pt

8 pt

AaBbCc

Exentra, SansABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyzÁÀÂÄÃÅÆÇÉÈÊËÍ Ì Î ÏÑÓÒÔÖÕØŒaÚÙÛÜÝŸáàâäãåçéèêëí ì î ïñóòôöõøœúùûüýÿ( [&] ) / . , : ; “” ‘ ’«» ! ¡?¿‹ › -–—12345678901234567890

40 pt

38 pt

25 pt

14 pt

10 pt

8 pt

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: República Ori-ental del Uruguay), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America after Suriname. Uruguay remained largely uninhab-ited until the establishment of Colonia del Sacramento, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, by the Portuguese in 1680. Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spa-nish in the early 18th century, signifying the competing claims over

Uruguay, the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It is bordered by Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and southeast. Uruguay is home to 3.3 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the met-ropolitan area of its capital and largest city,

Montevideo. With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometres (68,000 sq mi), Uruguay is geographically the second-smal-lest nation in South America after Suriname.Uruguay remained largely uninhabited until the establishment of Colonia del Sacramen-to, one of the oldest European settlements in the country, by the Portuguese in 1680. The Spanish in the early 18th century, signifying

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dogTHE QUICK, BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER A LAZY DOG

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

The quick, brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

11 pt

8 pt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Halp δεγ ਮਾੳ

Très français

Ευρωπαϊκόλ

ਜਾਂ ਸੌਫਟਵੇਅਊਰੋ

–Script match

Exentra's family achieved its strong consistency through the different scripts by treating some key elements in similar ways.

The proportions, modulation and contrast were kept as close as possible. It allowed the color of the text to match very closely.

Sharp Modulation

Gurmukhi

Greek

Latin

In/Out–Strokes Diagonal Stress

Ουρουγουάη, επίσημα ονομαζόμενη Ανατολική Δημοκρατία της Ουρουγουάης (ισπανικά: República Oriental del Uruguay, κυριολεκτικά: Δημοκρατία Ανατολικά του Ουρουγουάη ποταμού), είναι μία χώρα που βρίσκεται στα νότια της Νότιας Sudamérica. Συνορεύει με τη Βραζιλία στα βόρεια, τον ποταμό Ουρουγουάη στα δυτικά, τον κόλπο του Rio de la Plata (κυριολεκτικά «Silver River») νοτιοδυτικά, με την La Argentina στην απέναντι όχθη και των δύο, και τέλος με τον νότιο

Ατλαντικό ωκεανό νοτιοανατολικά Océano Atlántico Sur. Περίπου ο μισός πληθυσμός της χώρας ζει στην πρωτεύουσα και μεγαλύτερη πόλη, το Μοntevideo. Είναι η δεύτερη μικρότερη ανεξάρτητη χώρα στη Νότια Αμερική, μεγαλύτερη μόνο από το Σουρινάμ (είναι επίσης μεγαλύτερη από τη Guayana Francesa, η οποία δεν είναι ανεξάρτητη), και μία από τις πλέον σταθερές πολιτικά και οικονομικά. Έχει έκταση 176.220 τ.χλμ. και πληθυσμό 3.285.314 κατοίκους, σύμφωνα με την απογραφή του 2011. Το Montevideo ιδρύθηκε από τους Ισπανούς στις αρχές του 18ου αιώνα ως στρατιωτικό οχυρό και το φυσικό του λιμάνι γρήγορα συνέβαλε στην ανάπτυξή του ως εμπορική ζώνη, ανταγωνιστική προς την πρωτεύουσα Μπουένος Άιρες της γειτονικής Αργεντινής. Η ιστορία της Ουρουγουάης τον 19ο αιώνα καταγράφει συνεχείς διαμάχες μεταξύ των Βρετανών, Ισπανών και Πορτογάλων, που ήταν και οι κυρίαρχες δυνάμεις στην περιοχή. Το 1806 και το 1807, Gran Bretaña προσπάθησε να

Gre

ek &

Lat

in

ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩαβγδεζηθικλμνξο

πρςστυφ�χψωΆ Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ ΐ Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί ΰ ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ

Greek Παρέμεινε σε μεγάλο βαθμό ακατοίκητο Ουρουγουάη Μέχρι το δεύτερο μέρος του αιώνα

Πριν από τον Ευρωπαϊκό αποικι-σμό, η μόνη μαρτυρία εποικισμού της περιοχής ήταν οι ινδιάνοι Τσα-ρούα, μία μικρή φυλή που είχε με-ταναστεύσει νότια από την πίεση των Γουαρανί στην Παραγουάη. Επίσης, ευρήματα στην περιοχή Τσαμανγκά μαρτυρούν αρχαίες μορφές τέχνης σε πέτρα και βρά-

Πριν από τον Ευρωπαϊκό αποικισμό, η μόνη μαρτυρία εποικισμού της περιοχής ήταν οι ινδιά-νοι Τσαρούα, μία μικρή φυλή που είχε μετανα-στεύσει νότια από την πίεση των Γουαρανί στην Παραγουάη. Επίσης, ευρήματα στην περιοχή Τσαμανγκά μαρτυρούν αρχαίες μορφές τέχνης σε πέτρα και βράχους. Η άφιξη των Ισπανών στην περιοχή έγινε το 1516, αλλά η ισχυρή αντίσταση των ιθαγενών απέναντί του σε συνδυασμό με την απουσία χρυσού ή αργύρου, οδήγησαν σε περιορι-σμένο αποικισμό της περιοχής κατά τον 16ο και 17ο αιώνα. Η Ουρουγουάη αποτέλεσε μία ζώνη αντιπαράθεσης αλλά και συνόρων μεταξύ των αυτοκρατοριών της Ισπανίας και της Πορτογαλί-9/11 pt

18/22 pt

26/32 pt

ਅਕਖਗਘਙਚਛਜਝਞਟਠਡਢਣਤਥਦਧਨਪਫਬਭਵਮ

ਰਲਸਹੲੳਓੜੴਔ ਏ ਐ ਲ਼ ਸ਼ ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ਇ ਈ ਉ ਊ

। ਇਸ ਲੇਖ � ਪੜਹਹ ਕ ੇਤਸੁੀਂ ਬਬਨਾ ਬਕਸ ੇਸਾਈਟ ਜਾਂ ਸਫੌਟਵੇਅਰ ਆਬਦ ਤੋ ਂਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਤ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਦ ੇਕਾਬਲ ਹੋ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ Since 2015। ਬਕਸ ੇਵੀ ਪਰਹੋਗਰਾਮ ਬਵੱਚ ਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਟਾਈਪ ਕਰਕ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ ਅਤ ੇਇਸ ਤਰਹਹਾਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਲਈ ਤਹੁਾਨੰੂ ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਤ ੇਲੌਗ ਇਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਕੋਈ ਜਰਰੂਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਤਸੁੀਂ ਜਦਂੋ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਔਫਲਾਈਨ ਹੁਦੰ ੇਹੋਏ ਵੀ ਬਹਤੁ ਤਜ਼ੇੀ ਬਵੱਚ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ। ਇਸ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ਼ ਭਰ ੇਹੋਏ ਲੇਖ ਬਵੱਚ ਕਝੁ ਕਮੀਆਂ ਵੀ ਹੋਣਗੀਆਂ ਪਰ ਤਸੁੀਂ ਮੈ� ਈਮੇਲ ਕਰ ਕ ੇਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਤੋ ਂਦਾਬਸਖੱਣ ਦਾ ਪਰਹਾਪਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦ ੇ ਹੋ email to fer.punjabi@gmail.com or go to facebook: ਕਮਲ ਕਗੰ ਫੇਸਬ ੁੱਕ ਬਾਰ ੇਕਝੁ ਨੁਕਤ ੇਅਨਬਜੱਪ (unzip) ਕਰਕ ੇਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਬਡਸਕਟੌਪ ਇਸ ਲੇਖ ਸਭ ਤੋ ਦਾਬਸਖੱਣ ਦਾ

ਸਭੁਾਗ ਹੀ ਹੈ, ਬਹਤੁੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਵਰਤ ੇਹੋਏ ਅਬਹਮ ਪਬਹਲਾਂ ਹਠੇ ਬਲਖੇ ਬਲੰਕ ਤ ੇਜਾ ਕ ੇਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਕੀਬੋਰਡ ਲੇਅਆਊਟ ਮੁਫਤ ਬਵੱਚ ਡਾਊਨ ਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ ਸਾਈਟ ਤ ੇਜਾ ਕ ੇਬਬਲਕਲੁ ਸਫੇ ਦ ੇਅੰਤ ਬਵੱਚ ਇਸ ਬਸਰਲੇਖ Custom Punjabi/Gurmukhi Unicode Keyboards ਅਧੀਨ ਨੰਬਰਨੰੂ ਡਾਊਨ ਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ ਅਤ ੇਆਪਣੇ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਬਡਸਕਟੌਪ ਤ ੇਸਵੇ ਕਰ ਲਵੋ। ਇਹ ਲੇਅ ਆਊਟਡੀ ਆਰ ਚਾਤਬਰਕ" (dr chatrik fonts) ਫੌਟਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਬਧਤ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਬਕ ਮੇਰ ੇਬਹਸਾਬ ਨਾਲ ਵਰਤਣੇ ਬੇਹੱਦ ਸਖੇੌ ਅਤ ੇਸੋਹਣੇਟਸ ਹਨ ਇਸ ਫਾਈਲ ਬਵੱਚ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕੀਬੋਰਡ ਲੇਅ ਆਊਟ ਦੀ ਤਸਵੀਰ ਵੀਪੰਜਾਬੀਹੈ ਬਵੱਚ ਜਾ ਕ ੇਸਬਵੱਚ ਟ ਕਲਾਸਕ" (switch to classic) � ਕਬਲੱਕ ਕਰੋ ਹਣੁ ਰੀਜ਼ਨਲ ਐਂਡ ਲਂੈਗੂਏਜ਼ ਔਪਸ਼ਨ"(regional and language options)। ਫਾਈਲ ਨੰੂ ਅਨਬਜੱਪ(unzip) ਕਰ ਕ ੇਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਬਡਸਕਟੌਪ ਤ ੇਜਾਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਡਾਕਬੂਮੰਟਸ ਫੋਲਡਰ ਬਵੱਚ ਸਵੇ ਕਰੋ। ਇਸ � ਡਬਲ ਕਬਲੱਕ ਕਰ ਕ ੇਆਪਣੇ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਬਵੱਚ ਇਨਸਟਾਲ ਕਰ ਲਵੋ। । ਇਸ ਤੋ ਂਬਾਅਦ ਸਟਾਰਟ" (start) ਬਵੱਚ ਜਾ ਕ ੇਕਟੰਰੋਲ ਪੈਨਲ" (control panel) ਬਵੱਚ ਜਾਓ, ਕਟੰਰੋਲ ਪੈਨਲ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਯੁਨੀਕੋਡ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋ ਂਬਾਰ ੇਕਝੁ ਨੁਕਤ ੇਇਸ ਲੇਖ � ਪੜਹਹ ਕ ੇਕਝੁ ਵੀ ਕਰਨ ਤੋ ਂਪਬਹਲਾਂ ਪਬਰਟੰ ਕਰ ਲਵੋਬਵੰਡੋਜ਼ ਐਕਸ ਪੀ ਅਤ ੇਇਸ ਤੋ ਂਅਪਗਰਡੇਡ ਬਸਸਟਮਜ਼ ਬਵੱਚ ਯੁਨੀਕੋਡ ਦ ੇਜਰੀਏ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਲਈ ਕੀ ਕਰਨਾ

Gu

rmu

kh

i & L

atin

Gurmukhi ਸਦੀ ਦ ੇਦਜੂ ੇਬਹੱਸ ੇਤਕ ਵੱਡੇ ਜੋੜ ਵੀਰਾਨ ਉਰਗੂਵੇ ਬਰਹਾ ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ ਕ ੇਦਸ਼ੇ ਬਵੱਚ ਸਭ ਯੂਰਪੀ ਸਮਝੌਤ,ੇ ਦ ੇਇੱਕ

ਇਸ ਲੇਖ � ਪੜਹਹ ਕ ੇਤਸੁੀਂ ਬਬਨਾ ਬਕਸ ੇਸਾਈਟ ਜਾਂ ਸਫੌਟਵੇਅਰ ਆਬਦ ਤੋ ਂਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਤ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਦ ੇਕਾਬਲ ਹੋ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ। ਬਕਸ ੇਵੀ ਪਰਹੋਗਰਾਮ ਬਵੱਚ ਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਟਾਈਪ ਕਰਕ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ ਅਤ ੇਇਸ ਤਰਹਹਾਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਲਈ ਤਹੁਾ� ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਤ ੇਲੌਗ ਇਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਕੋਈ ਜਰਰੂਤ ਨਹੀ ਹੈ ਤਸੁੀ ਜਦੋ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਔਫਲਾਈਨ ਹੁਦੰ ੇਹੋਏ ਵੀ ਬਹਤੁ ਤਜ਼ੇੀ ਬਵੱਚ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ। ਇਸ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ਼

ਇਸ ਲੇਖ � ਪੜਹਹ ਕ ੇਤਸੁੀਂ ਬਬਨਾ ਬਕਸ ੇਸਾਈਟ ਜਾਂ ਸਫੌਟਵੇਅਰ ਆਬਦ ਤੋ ਂਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਤ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਦ ੇਕਾਬਲ ਹੋ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ। ਬਕਸ ੇਵੀ ਪਰਹੋਗਰਾਮ ਬਵੱਚ ਬਸਧੇੱ ਹੀ ਟਾਈਪ ਕਰਕ ੇਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ ਅਤ ੇਇਸ ਤਰਹਹਾਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਲਈ ਤਹੁਾਨੰੂ ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਤ ੇਲੌਗ ਇਨ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਕੋਈ ਜਰਰੂਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਤਸੁੀਂ ਜਦੋ ਮਰਜ਼ੀ ਔਫਲਾਈਨ ਹੁਦੰ ੇਹੋਏ ਵੀ ਬਹਤੁ ਤਜ਼ੇੀ ਬਵੱਚ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਬਲਖ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋ। ਇਸ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਨਾਲ਼ ਭਰ ੇਹੋਏ ਲੇਖ ਬਵੱਚ ਕਝੁ ਕਮੀਆਂ ਵੀ ਹੋਣਗੀਆਂ ਪਰ ਤਸੁੀਂ ਮੈਨੰੂ ਈਮੇਲ ਕਰ ਕ ੇਹੋਰ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਤੋ ਂਦਾਬਸਖੱਣ ਦਾ ਪਰਹਾਪਤ ਕਰ ਸਕਦ ੇਹੋਕਮਲ ਕਗੰ ਫੇਸਬ ੁੱਕ ਬਾਰ ੇਕਝੁ ਨੁਕਤ ੇਅਨਬਜੱਪ(unzip) ਕਰਕ ੇਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਬਡਸਕਟੌਪ ਇਸ ਲੇਖ ਸਭ ਤੋ ਂਦਾਬਸਖੱਣ ਦਾ ਸਭੁਾਗ ਹੀ, ਬਹਤੁੀਆਂ ਗੱਲਾਂ ਹੈ ਵਰਤ ੇਹੋਏ ਅਬਹਮ ਪਬਹਲਾਂ ਹਠੇ ਬਲਖੇ ਬਲੰਕ ਤ ੇਜਾ ਕ ੇਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ ਦੀ ਕੀਬੋਰਡ ਲੇਅਆਊਟ ਮੁਫ਼ਤ ਬਵੱਚ ਡਾਊਨ ਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ ਸਾਈਟ ਤ ੇਜਾ ਕ ੇਬਬਲਕਲੁ ਸਫੇ ਦ ੇਅੰਤ ਬਵੱਚ ਇਸ ਬਸਰਲੇਖ ਅਧੀਨ ਨੰਬਰਨੰੂ ਡਾਊਨ ਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ ਅਤ ੇਆਪਣੇ ਕਬੰਪਊਟਰ ਦੀ 9/11 pt

26/32 pt

18/22 pt

Exentra has a very lively and dynamic True Italic with a perfect contrast to the Roman. This allows words to stand out within a text or a headline.

THREEUNBELIEVABLETHINGS 43 pt

–Early birds

New Roman Times?

from 1726

Without using hands

hooked up !

56 pt

145 pt

18 pt

32 pt

48 pt

0° 0° 8° 8°

a e p

a e pRoman

Italic

g k y

g k y

Les caractères mobiles en métal auraient vu le jour en Corée vers 1234 — deux siècles avant qu'ils arrivent en Europe — in-ventés par Choe Yun-ui. Le plus

ancien exemplaire encore existant de livre imprimé à partir de caractères métalliques date de 1362. Il s'agit du « Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol » (en français : Anthologie des enseignements zen des grands prêtres bouddhistes) conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Les caractères mobiles en métal auraient vu le jour en Corée vers 1234 — deux siècles avant qu'ils arrivent en Europe — inventés par Choe Yun-ui. Le plus ancien exemplaire encore existant de livre imprimé à partir de caractères métalliques date de 1362. Il s'agit du « Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol » (en français : Anthologie des enseignements zen des grands prêtres bouddhistes )conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France.

7/10 pt

16/21 pt

24/31 pt

Rom

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Ita

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Les caractères mobiles en métal auraient vu le jour en Corée vers 1234 — deux siècles avant qu'ils arrivent en Europe — inventés par Choe Yun-ui. Le plus ancien exem-plaire encore existant de livre imprimé à partir de caractères métalliques date de 1362. Il s'agit

du « Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol » (en français : Anthologie des enseignements zen des grands prêtres bouddhistes) conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Jikji a été publié dans le temple de Heungdok (confirmé par des fouilles faites en 1985 sur le site), 78 ans avant la « Bible à 42 lignes » de Gutenberg imprimée durant les années 1452-55. Le premier volume du Jikji est actuellement perdu, seul le second volume existe à ce jour.

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A B C D E F G HI J K L N O P QS T U W X Y Za b c d e f g h ij k l m n o p q rs t u v w x y z1 2 3 4 56 7 8 9 0

BlackDisplay

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BangBang

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Questionsor

EARLY WESTERN TRAVELERS TO IRAN, WOULD FREQUENTLY REMARK ON THE ABSENCE OF CHANGE IN FASHION THERE.

Black magic and Voodooin popular culture and fiction

he influence of popular culture has allowed other practices to be drawn in under the broad

banner of “black magic " including the concept of Satanism. While the invoca-tion of demons or spirits is an accepted part of black magic, this kind of prac-tice is noticeable from the worship and deification of such spiritual beings. Those lines, continue to be blurred by the inclusion of spirit rituals from otherwise white magicians in a compila-tion of work related to Satanism. John

Dee's 16th century rituals, for example, were included in LaVey's The Satanic Bible (1969) and so some of his practises, otherwise considered white magic, have since been associated with black magic. Dee's rituals themselves were designed to contact spirits in general and angels in particular, which he claimed to have been able to do it with the assistance of colleague Edward Kelley. LaVey's Bible, nonetheless, is a complete contradiction of Dee's intentions but offers the same rituals as a means of contact with evil.

T

Powers or magic for evil

and selfish purposes

23

uring the Renaissance, many magical practices and rituals were considered evil, irreli-

gious and by extension, “ black magic " in the broad sense. Witchcraft and some of the non-mainstream esoteric research were prohibited and persecuted by the Inquisition. In consequence, natural magic developed as a way for thinkers and intellectuals, like Marsilio Canto Ficino, abbot-general Johan Trithemius and Heinriche Agrippa, to advance esoteric and ritualistic study (though

it still often in secret) without signifi-cant persecution. In the time natural magic became popular among the well educated upper classes of the 16th and 17th century, ritualistic magic and folk magic remained subject to persecution. The 20th century author M. Summers generally rejects the definitions of white and black magic as contradictory, still he highlights the extent to which magic in general, regardless of intent, was rather considered dark or black and cites John Perkins posthumous 1608 for this

D

Mainstream esoteric study and rituals

during the Renaissance

an introduction to portrait

photography

My Reality

BAUHAUS' HERITAGE GOES FROM ART TO DESIGN

IN WESTERN EUROPE

–31

It was founded in 1919 as a merger of the Grand Ducal School

of Arts and Crafts and the Weimar Academy of Fine Art. Its

roots lay in the arts and crafts school founded by the Grand

Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1906 and directed by Bel-

gian Art Nouveau architect Henry van de Velde. When van de

Velde was forced to resign in 1915 because he was Belgian, he

suggested Gropius, Hermann Obrist and August Endell as

possible successors. In 1919, after

delays caused by the destruction

of World War I and a lengthy de-

bate over who should head the in-

stitution and the socio-economic

meanings of a reconciliation of

the fine arts and the applied arts

(an issue which remained a defin-

ing one throughout the school's

existence), Gropius was made the

director of a new institution inte-

grating the two called the Bau-

haus. In the pamphlet for an April

1919 exhibition entitled “Exhibition

of Unknown Architects", Gropius

proclaimed his goal as being “to

create a new guild of craftsmen, with-

out the class distinctions which raise

an arrogant barrier between crafts-

man and artist." Gropius' neologism

Bauhaus references both building

and the Bauhütte, a premodern

guild of stonemasons.

From 1919 to 1922 the school was shaped by the pedagogical and aesthetic ideas of Johannes Itten, who taught the Vorkurs or prelimi-nary course that was the introduc-tion to the ideas of the Bauhaus. Itten was heavily influenced in his teaching by the ideas of Franz Cizek and Friedrich Wilhelm August Frö-bel. He was also influenced in re-spect to aesthetics by the work of the Blaue Reiter group in Munich as well as the work of Austrian Expres-sionist Oskar Kokoschka. This influ-ence culminated with the addition of Der Blaue Reiter founding mem-ber Wassily Kandinsky to the faculty and ended when Itten resigned in late 1922.

32–

Gropius was not necessarily against Expressionism, and in fact himself in the

same 1919 pamphlet proclaiming this new guild of craftsmen, without the class

snobbery, described painting and sculpture rising to heaven out of the hands of a

million craftsmen, the crystal symbol of the new faith of the future.

ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਦੇ

ਲੰਡਨ ਦ ੇਬੈਨਰ ਹਠੇ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਦਾ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਬਲਆ ਸੀ। ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਊਧਮ ਬਸਘੰ, ਭਾਈ ਕਹੇਰ ਬਸਘੰ, ਭਾਈ ਬੇਅੰਤ ਬਸਘੰ, ਭਾਈ ਸਤਵੰਤ ਬਸਘੰ, ਭਾਈ ਹਰਦਵੇ ਬਸਘੰ ਬਾਪੂ ਕਦੀਆਂ ਤਸਵੀਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੇ, ਖਾਬਲਸਤਾਨ ਬਜ਼ਦੰਾਬਾਦ ਅਤ ੇ ਬਸਖੱੀ � ਖੋਰਾ ਲਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਦਹੇਧਾਰੀ ਬਾਬਬਆਂ ਤੋ ਦਰੂੀ ਬਣਾਈ ਰੱਖਣ ਙਦੀ ਬਸਬੱਖਆ ਬਦਦੰ ੇਬੈਨਰ ਸਟੇਡੀਅਮ ਚ ਵੜਬਦਆਂ ਦਾ ਸਵਾਗਤ ਕਰਦ ੇ ਸਨ। ਰੈਫਰੀ ਭਜੀ ਖੀਰਾਂ ਵਾਲੀ, ਸਵਰਨਾ, ਜੈਲਾ, ਚੁਨੰੀ ਪੱਤੜ ਵਰਗੇ ਆਪੋ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਸੀਟੀਆਂ ਚ ਫੂਕਾਂ ਮਾਰ ਮਾਰ ਦਖੇ ਰਹ ੇਸਨ ਬਕ ਵੱਜਦੀਆਂ ਵੀ ਹਨ ਬਕ ਨਹੀ ਦਜੂ ੇ ਪਾਸ ੇ ਬਵਸ਼ਵ ਪੱਧਰਤ ੇ ਚਰਬਚਤ ਕਮੈੁਟੇਟਰ ਰਬਵੰਦਰ ਕੋਛੜ ਵੀ ਕਾਲੀਆਂ ਐਨਕਾਂ ਲਾ ਹੱਥ ਚ ਮਾਈਕ ਫੜਹਹੀ ਬਲਖਣ ਲਈ ਤਹੁਾਨੰੂ ਇੰਟਰਨੈਟ ਤ ੇ ਲੌਗ ਇਨ ਸਤਵੰਤ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਬਸਘੰ ਖਾਬਲਸਤਾਨ

Foammuseum

and international photography magazine

Foam (or Fotografiemuseum Amsterdam) is a photography museum located at the Keizersgracht in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The museum has four dif-ferent exhibitions at any given time in which different photographic genres are shown, such as documentary, art and fashion.

Two notable shows this year were Henri Cartier-Bresson – A Retrospective, work by Henri Cartier-Bresson, and Richard Ave-don – Photographs 1946–2004, a major ret-rospective of Richard Avedon.

Every year Foam organises four large ex-hibitions by particularly notable photog-raphers, usually running for about three months. In conjunction about 16 shorter running exhibitions are organised by the museum, which can be very different in character : either the work of relatively young photographers, or a specific proj-ect, work that is currently relevant, small retrospectives or the presentation of new developments within the medium. The magazine serves as an exhibition space

that embraces every aspect of photography

from documentary to fashion, from contem-

porary to historical, from world famous pho-

tographers to young talent. Each 288-page issue contains multiple portfolios print-ed on carefully considered different kinds of paper, high-grade graphic de-

Emphasis is generally on documentary photography, street photography, portrait and young

and upcoming talents.

sign, interviews and opinions by experts in the field of photography and surpris-ing, idiosyncratic editorial choices. The magazine is published quarterly by Fo-tografiemuseum and design studio Vandejong. Each issue presents eight portfolios around a single theme. Each portfolio is printed on its own paper. Foam is generously supported by the Ig-epa Printing Group, allowing us to print on a beautifully diverse range of papers, Lecturis Printing Company, and Binderij Hexspoor. After the opening exhibition the museum closed for renovation. Ar-chitects BenthemCrouwel turned three buildings at the Keizersgracht into a modern museum. The first exhibition in the new museum, was called Regie: Paul Huf, Paul Huf together with Eva Besnyö

being the originator of the museum. The official opening took place on June 6, 2002. The exhibition was visited by ap-proximately 8000 people. Foam Maga-zine keeps Fotografiemuseum abreast of rising talents. Each autumn we publish a double issue with the theme : Talent.

The Foam Talent Call is one of the photographic industry’s most presti-gious contests for young photographers all over the world. It is a career building opportunity.

Young and undiscovered photography talent is given the opportunity to submit work for

international publication.

ΣΥΜΠΑΓHΣΚΑΣEΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΡΡΟH ΤΟΥ ΣΤΗ ΜΟΥΣΙΚH

5

Ο Michael Haret, πριν και μετά

ΙΣΤΟΡIΑ ΤΗΣ ΚΑΣEΤΑΣ

Η κασέτα ή κασέττα είναι μαγνητικό μέσο αποθήκευσης και αποτελείται από μια πλα-στική θήκη μικρών διαστάσεων, μέσα στην οποία βρίσκεται μαγνητική ταινία στην οποία εγγράφονται κυρίως ηχητικές πληρο-φορίες και δευτερευόντως/μεταγενέστερα (πρακτική που πλέον έχει ξεπεραστεί) αρχεία υπολογιστών. Η τεχνολογία της κασέτας επέτρεψε την πρώτη άνθιση των παράνομων ηχογραφήσεων, δηλαδή την "μουσική πειρα-τεία" μέχρι και τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του ΄90, φαινόμενο που αντιμετωπίστηκε από τη μουσική βιομηχανία με το σύνθημα (Το γρά-ψιμο κασετών στο σπίτι σκοτώνει τη μουσι-κή). Τα πλεονεκτήματα ήταν το μικρό και συμπαγές μέγεθος, η εύκολη ηχογράφηση/αναπαραγωγή και η εύκολη αντιγραφή, από καταγεγραμμένο σε άλλα μέσα, ηχητικό σήμα. Σημαντική ώθηση στη δημοφιλία της έδωσε και η εμφάνιση του.

—In 1935, decades before the introduction of the Compact Cassette, released the first reel-to-reel tape recorder (in German: Tonbandgerät), with the commercial name “Magnetophon".—

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QUEEN IN PIJAMAIt was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir

to continue the Tudor line ; but she never did.

The

Elizabeth's first governess or Lady Mistress, Margaret Bryan, wrote that she was as to-ward a child and as gentle of conditions as ever I knew any in my life. By the autumn of 1537, Elizabeth was in the care of Blanche Herbert, Lady Troy, who remained her Lady Mistress until her retirement in late 1545 or early 1546. Catherine Champernowne, better known by her later, married name of Cather-ine Kat Ashley, was appointed as Elizabeth's governess in 1537, and she remained Eliza-beth's friend until her death in 1565, when Blanche Parry succeeded her as Chief Gentle-woman of the Privy Chamber. Champer-nowne taught Elizabeth four languages: French, Flemish, Italian and Spanish. By the time William Grindal became her tutor in 1544, Elizabeth could write English, Latin, and Italian. Under Grindal, a talented and skilful tutor, she also progressed in French

55 56

and Greek. After Grindal died in 1548, Eliza-beth received her education under Roger Ascham, a sympathetic teacher who believed that learning should be engaging. By the time her formal education ended in 1550, she was one of the best educated women of her gener-ation. By the end of her life, Elizabeth was also believed to speak Welsh, Cornish, Scot-tish and Irish in addition to English. The Ve-netian ambassador stated in 1603 that she possessed languages so thoroughly that each appeared to be her native tongue. Historian Mark Stoyle suggests that she was probably taught Cornish by William Killigrew, Groom of the Privy Chamber and later Chamberlain of the Exchequer. Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era. The period is famous for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafar-ing prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake. Some historians depict Eliza-beth as a short–tempered, sometimes indeci-sive ruler, who enjoyed more than her share of luck. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weak-ened her popularity.

Frankyplease say hi to Exentra’s monster

coming soon

— Credits

Sample text Latin and Greek : Wikipedia Gurmukhi : www.himmatpura.com

— Acknowledgments

My thanks go to Gerry Leonidas, Gerard Unger, Victor Gaultney, Fiona Ross, Michael Twyman, James Mosley and all visiting lecturers at the University of Reading for their guidance and inspiration over the course of the past year. Thanks to David Brezina, Sahar Afshar, and my classmates, particularly to Vincenzo Vuono and Ueli Kaufmann, for their support and friendship. All my gratitude to my friend Steph Matti and my family, especially to my lovely daughter Pilar for her patience and love. Special thanks go to the staff at HEAD–Geneva (my former School), especially Jean Pierre Greff, Anette Lenz and Martine Anderfuhren, for all their support and belief in me, without which I wouldn’t have made it this far. Finally, I would like to thank the Foncdation Hans Wisldorf for supporting me financially through the Masters programme.

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