THEOLOGY

Historical Theology

The study of the historical development of doctrine as recorded in the writings of

individuals and church councils.

DEFINITION

Theology comes from the two greek words: “theos” (θεος) meaning God and “logos” (λογος) meaning words or speech - and thus means a discourse or

speech on the topic of God. A more technical definition would be,“The discovery, systematizing and presenting of truth about God.”

Systematic Theology

The study of truth about God from any and every source presented in a systematic way and organized by crucial topics that have risen to importance throughout history.

Biblical Theology

The study of truth about God found in scripture and organized by the topics

emphasized by biblical authors.

THEOLOGY PROPERGod the Father

CHRISTOLOGYGod the Son

PNEUMATOLOGYGod the Holy Spirit

PROLEGOMENAPreliminaries

BIBLIOLOGYScripture

ANGELOLOGYAngels & Satan

ANTHROPOLOGYMan

HAMARTIOLOGYSin

SOTERIOLOGYSalvation

ECCLESIOLOGYChurch

ESCHATOLOGYLast Things

PROLEGOMENA

NECESSITYof Theology

Theology is neededin order to

DEFEND Christianity

POSSIBILITYof Theology

PRESUPPOSITIONSof Theology

Theology is neededin order to

DEFINE Christianity

RELATIONSHIP BETWEENEXEGESIS & THEOLOGY

EXEGESISAnalyzesInterpretsFocus on the Text

THEOLOGYCorrelatesInterrelatesFocus on all

Truth

The REVELATION of GodGeneral Revelation

(Nature–History–Man)

The NATURE of ManCreated in the Image of God

(Genesis 1:26-27)

Man is RATIONAL

Man is RELATIONAL

Man is SPIRITUAL

Language is ADEQUATE

The BIBLE is TRUESpecial Revelation(Jesus–Scripture)

The BIBLE is UNDERSTANDABLELanguage is Adequate

(not Exhaustive)

The BIBLE must be INTERPRETEDPlain–Literal Interpretation

(Authorial Intention)

The BIBLE is AUTHORITATIVEScripture is True

Truth Impacts Life

BibliologyThe Doctrine of Scripture

General Revelation(to all people everywhere)

For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived,

ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So

they are without excuse.Romans 1:19-20

Means of General Revelation •Nature (Ps 19:1-6; Rm. 1:18-20) •History (Acts 17:22-31, esp. 26)

•Mankind (Gen 1:26-27)•Conscience (Rm 2:1-8)

Purpose of General Revelation •Existence of God (Rm 1:20; Ac 14:17)

•Grandeur of God (Rm 1:20) •Accountability (Rm 1:20; 2:1)

•Not Salvific (Rm 10:13-15)

All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for

correction, for training in righteousness;so that the man of God may be adequate,

equipped for every good work.2 Timothy 3:16

The Extent of Scripture

•Entire OT (Lk 24:45; Jn 10:35)•Parts of NT (1 Tim 5:18=Lk 10:7)

•Writings of Paul (2 Pet 3:16)The Character of Scripture

θεοpνυεστος - “God breathed”ωφελιμος - “Profitable”

The Benefit of ScriptureBELIEFS

Teaching Correction

BEHAVIORTraining Reproof

INTER-DEPENDENT

INTERPRETATION

Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed

and who correctly handles the word of truth.

2 Timothy 2:15Literal

(Normal Sense)Literary

(Recognize Genre)Historical

(Time & Culture)Grammatical

(Grammar & Syntax)Authorial Intent

(Seeks to find the intent of the original author

to his original audience)Applicational

(Apply for Life-change)Illumination

(HS enablement of our response)

For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were

carried along by the Holy Spirit.2 Peter 1:21

No Human Origin“not by the will of man”

Divine Origin“by the Holy Spirit”Divine Control

φερομενοι - “carried along”{like the wind moves a boat (Acts 27:15)}

Personal CharacterMoses writes as a statesman

OT Prophets have different characteristicsMatthew (tax collector) talks more about money

Luke (Paul’s co-worker) supports PaulPaul writes as a trained rhetorician

John (fisherman) writes simplyJames (pastor) writes pastorally

In the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways,

but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir

of all things, and through whom he made the universe.

Hebrews 1:1-2

Means of Special Revelation •History (Micah 6:5)

•Theophanies (Gen 12:7)Angels (Lk 2:10,13)

•Dreams (Gn 40-50; Joel 2:28)•Casting Lots (Ac 1:23-26)•Prophets (Jer. 1:2; et al)•Jesus Christ (Heb 1:1-4)

•Scripture (2 Tim. 3:16-17)

Purpose of Special Revelation •Plan of God (Gen 1:26-27; 2:15)

•Relationship w/ God (Rm 10:13-15) •Responsibility (Gen 3:8-19)

Definition of InspirationGod’s superintending of human authors

so that using their own personalitiesthey composed and recorded God’s revelation to manwithout error in the words of the original manuscripts.

THE SOURCE“GOD”

THE MEANS“MAN”

THE INSPIRATION OF SCRIPTURE

Theories of Inspiration•Natural - they were geniuses•Mystical - they were spiritual

•Partial - some is, some is not•Concept - concepts not words

•Verbal Plenary - The full text (plenary) of scripture including the words (verbal)

Special Revelation(to God’s people particularly)

CANONICITY66 Books

39 in OT & 27 in NTNT Affirms OT

(John 11:51)Paul Affirms Luke

(1 Tim. 5:18=Luke 10:7)Peter Affirms Paul

(2 Peter 3:16)Church Fathers Affirm NT

(Athanasius 367)Councils Officially Affirm NT

(Carthage 397, Hippo 419)Tests of Canonicity

*InspirationApostolic/Prophetic Origin

Doctrinal SoundnessEarly Church Acceptance

Inspiration

Illumination

Interpretation

•Neo-orthodox - an encounter•Mechanical - God dictated

Theology ProperThe Doctrine of God the Father

The Existence of God

While the Bible assumes God’s existence (Gen 1:1) there is a good

reason to believe that God exists even if His existence cannot be proven.

Cosmological Argument•Every event has a cause.•The universe & first life

had a beginning.•The universe and first life

have a cause = God.

Teleological Argument•Design implies a designer.

•The universe & life have design. •The universe & life have a designer.

Moral Argument•Moral law implies a lawgiver.

•There is a universal moral law. •There must be a moral lawgiver.

THE TRINITYOne God in Three Persons

May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit

be with you all.2 Corinthians 13:14 (NIV)

DefinitionWithin the Godhead there are three

distinct individual persons(Father, Son, Holy Spirit)

united in one essence.

Evidence of One Unique God(Deuteronomy 6:4)

Evidence of Three Persons(Ephesians 1:3-14)

The Father is God(1 Co 8:6; Jn 6:27; 1 Pt 1:2)

The Son is God(Hb 1:8; Rm 9:5; Jn 8:58; 20:28)

The Holy Spirit is God(Acts 5:3-4)

Holy (αγιος) - Pure(Hab 1:13; 1 Pet 1:14-16)

Just(Ps 19:9; 89:14; Ac 17:30-31; Rm 2:6-8)

True(Nm 23:19; Jn 1:14; 14:6; Rm 3:4; Ti 1:2)

Gracious(Ex 34:5-7; Ep 1:5-8; 2:8-9; Ti 2:11; 3:4-7)

Merciful(2 Sm 24:14; Ps 103:1-5; Rm 9:15-16;

11:30-32; Ti 3:4-7)Love

(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)Hidden/Playful

(Dt 4:29; Ps 24:6; 119:2; Pro 8:17; Ecc 3:9-15 Is 55:6; Jer 29:13)

Wise(Jn 3:16; 1 Jn 3:16; 4:8; Rm 5:8)

Creation(Gn 1:1-2:3; Jn 1:1-3; Job 38-39)

Providence(Acts 14:17; 17:26-28; Mt 5:44-45)

Election(Ep 1:4-5; 1 Pt 1:1-2; 1 Co 1:26-29; Rm 9)

Redemption(Gen 3:21; Eph 2:1-10; Rom 3:21-26)

Judgment(Jn 3:18-19; Rv 20:10-15; 2 Pt 3:10)

The Names of GodPrimary Names of God

• God (Elohim) - אלהם: Creator (Gen 1:1) • God (Theos) - θεος: Initiator (John 1:1)• YHWH - יהוה: “I AM” (Ex 6:1-4) • Adonai - אדני: Master (Josh 5:13-15)

Lord (Kurios) - κυριος: The Life Giver (Romans 10:9-13)

Compound Names of God• El Shadai - אל שדי: Almighty (Gen 17:1) • El Elyon - אל עליון: Most High (Gen 14:19)

• El Olam - אל עולם: Everlasting (Gen 21:33) • El Roi - אל ראי: God who sees (Gen 16:13)

GOODNESS(Communicable)

The Attributes of God

TheodicyGod & Evil

The Issue Stated“If God is all good and all powerful

He would stop all evil.”

Metaphysical AnswerGod is not responsible for evil because it is not a thing it is the lack of a thing.

Moral AnswerGod gave mankind freedom and man

introduced evil into the world.

Teleological AnswerThis is not the best of all possible

worlds but it is the best way to the best of all possible worlds. God is working

out all things for His Glory and our good.

Pastoral AnswerUltimately God will set all things right. In the meantime, God uses pain in our lives to speak more clearly to us. This

has been His pattern since the garden of Eden using the consequences of sin to

display His grace.

The Works of God

Sovereignty(Jb 42:2; Ps 115:3; Rm 9:16-21; Ep 1:11)

Infinity - Limitless(1 Kg 8:27; Jb 11:7-9; Ps 147:5; Rm 11:33)

Aseity - Self-Existent(Gn 1:1; Jn 1:2; Rv 1:8)

Immutability - Unchanging(Mal 3:6; Heb 6:17-18; Jam 1:17)

Eternality - Timeless(Ps 90:2; Is 57:15; Jn 17:5; Col 1:17; Jd 25)

Omnipotence(Gn 18:14; Ps 115:3; Mt 19:26; Eph 1:19)

Omnipresence(Ps 139:7-12; Jer 23:23-24; Ac 17:27-28)

Omniscience(Ps 33:13-15; 139:1-6; Mt 6:8; 10:29-30;

Ac 2:23; Rm 11:33; Hb 4:13)Holy (קדש) - Unique

(Lev 11:44; Ps 99:9; Is 6:3-7)

GREATNESS(Incommunicable)

The LORD passed before him and proclaimed, “The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithful-ness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children's children, to the third and the fourth generation.” And Moses quickly bowed his head toward the earth and worshiped. Exodus 34:6-8 (ESV)

ChristologyThe Doctrine of God the SonPre-Existence

(Eternality) The Deity of Christ(Jesus is God)

Incarnation(Jesus is Man)

The Ministry of Christ(Jesus is Sufficient)

Logical Implications from the Trinity

1. God is eternal (Ps. 92:2; Jude 25).2. Jesus is God (cf. Deity)3. Jesus is eternal

Pre-Incarnate Work1. Creation (Jn. 1:3; Co. 1:16; He 1:2).2. Sustainer (Co. 1:17)3. Angel of the LORD (AoL is God - Ge. 16:3) (AoL distinct from God - Ge. 24:7)

Scriptural Support

1. Micah 5:2 - Messiah is “from of old”.

2. Isa. 9:6 - Messiah is “eternal Father.’

3. John 1:1-14 - The Word was “in the beginning”.

4. John 8:56-58 - Jesus was “before Abraham”.

5. John 17:5 - Jesus had glory “before the world began”.

6. Phil. 2:6-7 - He existed “in the form of God”.

7. Col. 1:17 - He was “before all things”.

Attributes of Deity1. Love - 1 John 4:8; John 15:132. Omniscience - Mt. 16:21; Lk. 6:8; Jn.

2:24; 6:64; 21:173. Omnipresence - Mt. 18:20; 28:20; Jn. 3:134. Omnipotence - Mt. 28:20; Mk. 5:11-255. Eternity - see Pre-existence6. All attributes of Deity - Col. 2:9

Works of Deity1. Creation - Jn. 1:3,10; Col. 1:16; Heb. 1:22. Preservation - Col. 1:17; Heb 1:33. Forgiveness - Mk. 2:1-12; Lk. 5:244. Resurrection - Jn. 5:21; 11:43

Titles of Deity1. Son of God - Mk. 1:1; Jn 10:362. Son of Man - Dan. 7:13; Mk. 2:10 et al3. YHWH - Lk. 1:76 cp. Mal. 3:104. God - Jn 1:1; 20:28; Heb. 1:8

Claims of Deity1. By Jesus - Lk. 1:76; Jn 8:58 et al2. By Apostles - Jn. 1:1; Col. 1:19; 2:9;

Titus 2:13; Heb. 1:8

OT Prediction1. Gen. 3:152.Isa. 9:63. Isa. 7:144. Micah 5:2

NT Evidence1. Virgin Birth - Mt 1:232. Humanity of Christ •Human Body 1 Jn 1:1 •Hunger - Mt. 4:2 •Thirst - John 19:28 •Exhaustion - John 4:6 •Death - 1 Cor. 15:3-8 •Emotions John 13:23;

11:35; 15:11; Mk 10:14

Purpose of the Incarnation

1. Reveal God to Man - Jn. 1:18; 14:7-11

2. Provide an Example - 1 Pet. 2:21

3. Overcome Satan - 1 Jn 3:8

Specific Ministry to Believers

1. Prophet - bringing God to Man Acts 3:22-23; Jn. 1:18; Heb. 1:1-2

2. Priest - bring man to God Heb. 5:1, 6-10, 20; 7:1-8:13; 10:12

3. King - ruling over the church Mt. 22:41-46; Lk. 1:31-33; Rev. 1:5; 19:16; Col. 1:18; Eph. 1:15-23

4. Propitiation - covering sin 1 Jn. 2:2

5. Redemption - purchased back 1 Pet. 1:18; Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:7

6. Reconciliation - restored relationship 2 Cor. 5:18-21

7. Justification - declared righteous Rom. 3:24; Gal. 3:24 et al

8. Adoption - made members of family Gal. 4:5; Eph. 1:3-12

FOCUSDisplay the FatherJn 1:14,18; He 1:1-4

EFFECTRedemptionEph. 1:7-12

INTER-DEPENDENT

HYPOSTATIC UNION“Christ is fully God and fully man united in one person forever”

Kenosis - Phil. 2:5-11“He emptied Himself”

Impeccability - Heb. 4:15able not to sin vs. not able to sin

© Ken Wilson 2010

PneumatologyThe Doctrine of God the Holy SpiritPersonhood

(The Spirit is a Person)The Deity of the Holy Spirit

(The Spirit is God)Old Testament

Ministry

The Holy Spirit’sMinistry to Believers

Characteristicsof Personhood

1. The Spirit is Relational (Mt. 28:19; 2 Cor. 13:14;

Ro. 8:27; Acts 7:51; 10:19).2. The Spirit is Rational (1 Cor. 2:10-11, 13; Jn. 14:16)3. The Spirit is Volitional (1 Cor. 12:11; Acts

16:6,7)4. The Spirit is Emotive (Eph. 4:30)

Grammarof Personhood

The Word “Spirit” (pneuma) is neuter in gender but re-ferred to by masculine pro-nouns (John 16:13-14; 15:26; 16:7-8).

Attributes of Deity1. Omniscience - Isa. 40:13; 1 Cor. 2:122. Omnipresence - Psalm 139:73. Omnipotence - Job 33:4; Psalm 104:304. Eternity - Heb. 9:145. Self-existence - Rom. 8:26. Resurrection - Rom. 8:11

Works of Deity1. Creation - Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13 compare Gen.1:12. Inspiration - 2 Pet. 1:21 compare 2 Tim. 3:16,173. Regeneration - Titus 3:5 compare Eph. 2:1-104. Virgin Birth - Luke 1:35

Titles of Deity1. YHWH - What YHWH said in Isa.

6:8-13 is ascribed to the Holy Spirit in Acts 28:25.

2. Spirit of God - Rom. 8:9, 14; 1 Cor. 2:11; 12:3; Eph. 4:30.

3. Lying to the Holy Spirit (Acts 5:3) is lying to God (Acts 5:4).

4. The Lord is the Spirit - 2 Cor. 3:17,18

Old Testament Ministry Distinct

1. John 15:262. John 16:7-8,13

OT Ministries1. Creation (Gen. 1:2; Job 26:13;

33:4; Psa. 104:302. Restraining Sin (Gen. 6:3)3. Guiding Israel (Isa. 63:10-14)4. Inspiration (2 Pet. 2:21; 2 Sam. 23:2;

Mic. 3:8; Acts 28:25)5. Regeneration (Jo. 3:10 cp. Ez. 36:25)6. Selective Indwelling: •Joseph - Gen. 41:38

•Joshua -Num. 27:18 •Saul - 1 Sam. 10:9,10 •David - 1 Sa, 16:13 •Daniel - Dan. 4:8) *This indwelling could

cease because of sin as with Saul - 1 Sam. 16:14

*David prayed that the Spirit would not be taken away because of his sin - Psa. 51:11

Specific Ministry to Believers

1. Conviction - Awareness of sin John 16:8-112. Regeneration - New Birth Titus 3:5; John 3:5-83. Baptism - Initiation into Body of Christ 1 Cor. 1:13; The Book of Acts4. Indwelling - Abiding Presence John 14:16; Rom. 8:9; 1 Cor. 6:195. Sealing - Identity & Security 2 Cor. 1:21-22; Eph. 1:13-14; 4:306. Filling - Control for Living Eph. 5:18-6:9; cp. Col 3:16-4:1 Gal. 5:13 cp. Rom 13:14 Related Ministries: •Teaching - John 16:12-15 •Illumination - 1 Cor. 2:14 •Guiding - Rom. 8:147. Gifting - Empowerment for Ministry Eph. 4:11-16; 1 Cor. 12:-14; Rom. 12:7-8; 1 Pet. 4:10; Heb. 2:3-8. Directing Evangelism Acts 1:8; 8:25,29

FOCUSPoint to ChristJn 14:26; 16:14

EFFECTEnable & EmpowerEph. 5:18; 1 Cor. 12

INTER-DEPENDENT

Actionsof Personhood

1. Teaching - John 14:26

2. Commanding - Acts 8:29

3. Praying - Rom. 8:26

4. Grieving - Eph. 4:30

© Ken Wilson 2011

AnthropologyThe Doctrine of Man

ORIGIN OF MAN(Creation by God)

THE NATURE OF MAN(Holistic but Complex)

 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now the earth was formless

and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.

 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.

Genesis 1:1-3 (NIV)

Aspects of Humanity(Biblical Terminology)

ManAdam (אדמ) - the name given by God (Gen. 5:2)

- taken from the adamah (אדמה) (ground) Woman

Isha (אשה) - taken from the man (אש) Male

Zakar (זכר) - The remembering or pointing one Female

Neqaba (נקבה) - The pierced or tunneled oneFlesh

(rs*b* / σαρξ) - man in weakness, prone to sin Soul

(vp#n# / ψυχη) - man as a living being Spirit

(j^Wr / πνευµα) - man with breath, alive Heart

(bl@ / καρδια) - intellectual, volitional, emo-tional and spiritual life

Conscience (συνειδησις) - guide for decision making

Mind (νους) - capacity to be a rational thinker

Inner/Outer Man (εσω/εξω ανθρωπας) - immaterial/material man

New Man/Old Man (παλαιος/καινος, νεος ανθρωπας) -

unregenerate or regenerate person or community

Dichotomy or Trichotomy Dichotomy

We are made up of two parts:Material (Body) and Immaterial (soul/spirit)

(1 Corinthians 7:34; 15:50-58) Trichotomy

We are made up of three parts:Body, Soul, and Spirit

(1 Thessalonians 5:23; Hebrews 4:12)

MEN and WOMEN(Equal but Different)

Ontological Equality(Galatians 3:27-28)

For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek,

neither slave nor free, there is neither male not female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus.•Equal Image Bearers in Being

•Balanced Image Bearers in Importance•Different Image Bearers in Design

•Distinct Image Bearers in Role•Essential Image Bearers in Purpose

PURPOSE OF MAN(The Meaning of Life)

Reflection of God(Genesis 1:26-27, 5:2)Image (<l#x# – tselem)

“image, model, replica”Likeness (tWmD+ – demut)“to be like; to resemble.”

Representative for God(Genesis 1:28)

Rule (hd*r* – radah)“ruling, exercising dominion

and even domination”Subdue (vb*k* – cabash)

to bring under one’s control for one’s advantage

Capacites like GodPersonal Beings(Genesis 2:18)

With the capacity for relationshipRational Beings

(2 Corinthians 10:5)With the capacity for thinking

Volitional Beings(Joshua 24:15)

With the capacity for choosingEmotional Beings(Ecclesiastes 3:4)

With the capacity for feeling

IDENTITY OF MAN(Imago Dei)

MENSTRENGTH(Warrior/Poet)

WOMENBEAUTY

(Life Giving/Completer)

Move

Speak

Bring Forth Life

Nourish Life

Violence

Silence

Manipulation

Invisibility

Biblical FoundationSo God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.

Genesis 1:26-27 (NIV)

Biblical PerspectiveFor you created my inmost being;     you knit me together in my mother’s womb.  I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made…

Psalm 139:13-14 (NIV)

Men and Women Living by Design(1 Corinthians 11:3)

Origin of the Universe Non-biblical Theories:

•Naturalistic Evolution•Theistic Evolution•Punctuated Equilibrium

Biblical Options:•Progressive Creation•Fiat Creation ex-nihilo•Genesis as Literary Framework•Day = Age Creation•Matter is Old - Life is Young•Created with appearance of age•Intelligent Design

Biblically Non-negotiable:•Adam and Eve are real people (Rm 5)•First humans are recent (Gn 5).•God is the Direct Creator ex-nihilo (Gn 1)•What God created is “very good.”•Creation shows God’s glory (Ps. 19)•Trinity creates (Gn 1, Jn 1:3, Ps 104)•God purposefully guided the process (Gn 1)

Origin of the Human Soul Pre-existence

God created all human souls in the beginning and they are transmitted

to human bodies at conception/birth.Creationism

God creates each human soul at the moment of conception and

immediately unites it with the body.Traducianism

The soul is transmitted along with the body by the process

of natural generation.

I want you to understand that the head of every man is Christ, the head of every woman is her husband,

and the head of Christ is God.

SummaryA human being is an eternal creature of God, created in His image as male and female, for the purpose of rela-tionship with God, in order to bring glory to Him through Jesus Christ

and by the Holy Spirit.

Specifics•For God’s glory (Is 43:7)•For God’s praise (Eph. 1:3-14)•To know full life (John 10:10)•To enjoy life as God’s gift (Ecc. 2:24-26; 3:12-13; 5:18-20)•To fear God and obey Him (Ecc. 12:13)

HamartiologyThe Doctrine of Sin

DEFINITION(Meaning)

IMPUTATION OF SIN(Guilt through Adam)

SummarySin is any failure to conform to the moral law of God in act, attitude, or nature (1 Jn 3:4). In these ways we fall short of God’s glory (Rom. 3:23) and break relation-ship with Him.

New Testament Wordsaμartia*

Harmatia - sin, missing the markkakoV

Kakas - bad, moral wrongponhroV

Poneros - evil, moral evilasebeia

Asebea - godless, apostateenocoV

Enochos - guilt, worthy of deathadakia

Adakia - unrighteousnessanaμoV

Anomos - lawless, iniquitypaabathV

Parabates - transgressor, sinnerplanaw

Planao - to go astray, wanderparaptwμa

Paraptoma - step over the line

Old Testament Wordsaf*j**

Chata - to hit the wrong markur*

Ra - inferior, wicked, injuriousuv*p*

Pasha - revolt, rebelion/w)u*

Awon - crooked, iniquity, guiltgg*v*

Shagag - to err, go astray, sin inadvertantly

uv*r*Rasha - wickedness, guilty

hu*t*Taah - to wander, go astray

“Imputation” DefinedA Latin term used to reflect the meaning of the greek word logizoμai - logizomai - mean-ing “to reckon”, or “charge to one’s account”.

Three Biblical Imputations1. Adam’s sin imputed to all - Rom. 5:12-212. Man’s sin imputed to Christ - 2 Cor. 5:193. Christ’s righteousness imputed to believers - Rom. 5:12-21; 2 Cor. 5:21

Objections Answered1. Without imputation we would still be

guilty because of our own personal sin(s).2. Without the pattern of imputation of sin

from Adam established the imputation of Christ’s righteousness would be unfair.

3. The doctrine of imputation demonstrates both the wisdom and grace of God.

4. The doctrine of imputation does not deny personal freedom.

INTER-DEPENDENT

INHERITANCE OF SIN(Nature through Parents)

Scriptural SupportLike the rest, we were by nature objects of wrath.

Ephesians 2:3bSurely I was sinful at birth,

sinful from the time my mother conceived me.Psalm 51:5

Even from birth the wicked go astray;from the womb they are wayward and speak lies.

Psalm 58:3

Extent of CorruptionEvery part of our being is affected by sin. Our intellect, emotions, desires and will are corrupt. Our heart - the center of desire and decision - is

desperately corrupt - Jer. 17:9. There is nothing good in us that merits God’s favor - Rom. 7:18.

1. Intellect Blinded - 2 Cor. 4:42. Mind depraved - Rom. 1:21, 283. Understanding inhibited - Eph. 4:184. Conscience corrupted - Titus 1:155. Will enslaved - Rom. 6:206. Total Being Sinful - Rom. 1:18-3:20

Total DepravitySinfulness extends to each & every person (Rom. 3:23) and effects every aspect of his being (Rom. 7:18) so that nothing he does - either good or bad - merits the favor of God or meets God’s standard of holiness.

RESULTS(Consequences)

Four Views of Imputation1. No imputation from Adam. Each man is

free and only guilty because of his own sin.2. The tendency to sin is inherited from Adam.

Each man is guilty because of his own sin.3. Every person is seminally present in

Adam and thus guilty.4. Adam is a representative of the human race and

we are guilty because of his sin - Rom. 5:12-21.

1. Immediately - sin brings pain, alienation and conflict - Gen. 3:8-24.

2. Imputation - we are guilty and separated from God - Rom. 5:12-21.

3. Inheritance - We sin and are sinners - Ps. 51:5.

4. Death both physical and spiritual is a central conse-quence of sin - Gen. 2:15; Rom. 5:12-13; Eph. 2:1-3.

5. When a Christians sins his legal standing before God does not change (Rom 8:1) but fellowship is broken (1 Jn 3:21) & discipline is a response of a loving God (Heb. 12:6-10).

6. A believer living in persis-tent sin is in danger of physical death. One par-ticular sin is not defined here (1 Jn. 5:16-17).

7. The “unpardonable sin” seems to be a specific case of malicious and willful re-jection of the work of the Holy Spirit through Christ & attributing it to Satan (Mt. 12:31-32). It may have only been possible when Christ was on earth.

REMEDY(Solution)

1. The remedy for the guilt of imputed sin is receiving the righteousness of Christ through faith - Eph. 2:4-10; Rom. 5:12-21.

2. The remedy for personal sin is confession - 1 Jn 1:9.

SoteriologyThe Doctrine of Salvation

The Gospel Message

THE INITIATIONOF GOD

Now, brothers, I want to remind you of the gospel I preached to you,

which you received and on which you have taken your stand.

1 Corinthians 15:1

Christ died for our sins (1 Cor 15:3-4a)

•according to the Scriptures (15:3b) •Proof: Burial (15:4a)Christ was raised

from the dead(1 Cor 15:4b-8)

•according to the Scriptures (15:4b) •Proof: Appearances (15:5-8)

But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners,

Christ died for us.Romans 5:8

Common Grace

“God’s general care for all.”Matt 5:45; Acts 14:17; Ps 145:8-9

•Not redemptive - Rom 1:20•Election/Predestination

“God’s choice of some for salvation”Eph 1:3,5; Rom 9:11; 2 Tm 1:9

•of persons/not facts••not on the basis of faith•

•not on the basis of good deeds•Calling

General Call to All (Mt 22:14;1Tim 2:3-4)Effective Call of Elect (Rom 8:30)

Regeneration“Impartation of New Life”Titus 3:5; Eph 2:5; Jn 3:3-5

Adoption“New relationship as God’s Sons”Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5

INTER-DEPENDENT

THE RESPONSEOF MAN

The Acomplishments of Salvation

How shall we escape if we ignore such a great salvation?

Hebrews 2:3Substitutionary Atonement

(in relation to Sin’s Penalty)Heb 9:28; 1 Pet 2:24

Redemption(in relation to Sin’s Bondage)

Gal 3:13; 1 Col 6:20Forgiveness

(in relation to Sin’s Offense)Eph 1:7; Col 2:13 Reconciliation

(in relation to Man’s Alienation)Col 1:21-22; 2 Cor 5:18-19

Propitiation(in relation to God’s Justice)

Rom 3:25; Heb 2:17; 1 Jn 2:2;4:10

Justification(Legally)

•My sin imputed to Christ 2 Cor 5:21

•Christ’s Righteousness imputed to Me

Rom 3:21-4:5; 5:19Adoption(Familially)

Rom 8:15,23; Gal 4:5-6; Eph 1:5Peace

(Relationally)Peace with God

Rom 5:1Peace with Others

Eph. 2:14-18

For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith —and this not from yourselves,

it is the gift of God — not by works,so that no one can boast.

Ephesianss 2:8-9

“Grace”“The unmerited favor of God through which

we get what we do not deserve”

“Faith”“The appropriation of God’s provision by trust.”

Eph 2:8; John 3:16; 5:24; 17:3•esp. John whose purpose

is evangelistic (20:31)Romans: Doctrinal Treatise on Gospel

(4:21-22)“Not by Works”

Heretical Additions to Man’s Response•Faith + sorrow over sin (part of conviction)•Faith + baptism (symbol of commitment)•Faith + confession (expression of faith)

•Faith + surrender (subsequent result of growth)•Faith + a changed life (expected outcome)

•Faith + fruit (can’t be quantified)“

And those he predestined, he also called; those he called,

he also justified; those he justified, he also glorified.

Romans 8:30

Temporal Order•Provision•Response•Transformation• (God) (Me) (Us)

Biblical Order•Predestined•Called••Justified•Glorified•

(Romans 8:30)Logical Order

•Election•Call••Regeneration•Conversion•

•Justification••Sanctification•Glorification•

Assurance of Salvation“Confidence that one has eternal life.”

•Objectively based on the promise of GodJn 5:24; 1 Jn 5:1,13

•Subjectively based on our maturity and growth1 Jn 2:3,9-11,29; 3:14; 2 Cor 5:17

Eternal SecurityOnce the gift of salvation is genuinely

received, it cannot be lostJn 10:28-30; Rom 8:31-39

The Security of the BelieverI give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of my hand.

John 10:28

The Order of Salvation

Atonement TheoriesRansom to Satan - OrigenRecapitulation - Iraneus

Satisfaction - AnselmMoral Influence - Abelard

Example - Socinius, LiberalismGovernmental - Grotius

Dramatic Victory - AulenRevelatory - Barth

Substitution - Calvin

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