The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15. The Marine Environment.

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The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15

Transcript of The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15. The Marine Environment.

Page 1: The Microbial World Chapters 5, 15. The Marine Environment.

The Microbial WorldChapters 5, 15

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The Marine Environment

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Plankton Collection

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Plankton Classification

• Megaplankton 20-200 cm

• Macroplankton 2-20 cm

• Mesoplankton 0.2-20 mm

• Microplankton 20-200 μm

• Nanoplankton 2-20 μm

• Picoplankton 0.2-2 μm

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Metabolism

• Metabolism- all chemical reactions that occur in an organism.

• Autotrophic- requiring carbon dioxide and a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules (glucose).– Photoautotrophs- absorb light energy from the sun.

– Chemoautotrophs- derive energy from chemical compounds.

• Heterotrophic- requiring complex organic compounds; obtains energy by consuming organic matter.

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Bacteria and Archaea

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Photosynthetic Prokaryotes

• Kingdom- Bacteria– Phylum- Cyanophyta

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Cyanophyta

• Characteristics

• Examples- Oscillatoria, Synechococcus, Synechocystis.

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Cyanobacterial Cell

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Cyanophyta- Gram Negative Bacteria

• Gram positive- peptidoglycan layer; stains with crystal violet.

• Gram negative- peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by lipopolysaccharide and protein layers; does not stain with crystal violet.

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Global O2 from photosynthesis

• 80% comes from marine cyanobacteria.– Synechococcus– Synechocystis

• 20% comes from terrestrial systems.– 5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.

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Stromatolites

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Archaea

• Prokaryotic

• Extremophiles– Hydrothermal vents– Hypersaline basins– Highly acidic env.– Highly alkaline env.

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Photosynthetic Protista (the algae)

• Dinophyta- dinoflagellates.

• Haptophyta- haptophytes.

• Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae.– Xanthophyceae- yellow-

green algae.– Bacillariophyceae-

diatoms.

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Dinophyta- dinoflagellates

• Characteristics

• Examples- Ceratium, Pfiesteria.

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Pfiesteria piscicida

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Haptophyta- haptophytes

• Characteristics

• Examples- Prymnesium, Phaeocystis.

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Heterokontophyta- heterokonts

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Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algae

• Characteristics

• Examples- Vaucheria.

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Bacillariophyceae- diatoms

• Characteristics

• Examples- Coscinodiscus, Chaetoceros.

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Frustule Morphology

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The Protozoans

• Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferans.

• Polycystina- radiolarians.

• Ciliophora- ciliates.

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Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferans

• Characteristics

• Example- Globigerina.

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Pink Beaches of Bermuda

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Polycystina- radiolarians

• Characteristics

• Example- Hexacontium.

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Various Radiolarians

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Ciliophora- ciliates

• Characteristics

• Examples- Strombilidium, Tintinnopsis.

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Fig. 5.14

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Kingdom Fungi

• Characteristics

• Example- Aspergillus.

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