The Defence -...

177

Transcript of The Defence -...

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The Grϋnfeld Defence Revealed

Μ ichael Khodarkovsky

B.T.Batsford Ltd, London

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First published ίη 2003 © Michael Κhodarkoνsky 2003

ISBN 0713488271

Βήtίsh Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. Α catalogue record for this book is aνaίlable from the Βήtίsh Library.

ΑΙΙ ήghts reserνed. Νο part ofthis book may be reproduced, by any means, without Ρήοr permission of the publisher.

Ρήnted ίη Great Britain by Creatiνe Print and Design (Wales), Ebbw Vale for the publishers, Β.Τ. Batsford Ltd, The Chrysalis Building Bramley Road, London, W 10 6SP

An imprint of ChrysalifBooks Group plc

Distήbuted ίη the United States and Canada by Sterling Publishing Co., 387 Park Aνenue South, New York, ΝΥ 10016, USA

Α BATSFORD CHESS ΒΟΟΚ

Seήes Editor: Daniel Κing

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Contents

lπtroductίoπ 5

First Steps 7

Heroes and Zeros 15

Strategy 51

What's Hot 79

Tricks and Traps 103

Τ est Your Skill 122

Test Your Skill - Solutions 132

Details 145

Defιnitions of Symbols 174

Before the Fight 175

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Introduction

The author of an opening book tries to lift a veil οπ the

opening's secrets, illustrating his ideas with the best games,

ΟΓ game (ragments, he can fιnd. Every author is hoping that

his work will be understood and appreciated by his readers.

Moreover, he hopes to see aπ increase ίπ popularity of the

opening among chess players ο( all leνels. The author ο( this

book is πο eχception.

The book is not set out ίπ the traditional way, describing the

opening ίπ strict order, line-by-line, system-by-system.

Here, each chapter is presented as a separate thematic

article. However, the end result will hope(ully be that you

have a more conceptual approach to the opening you have

decided to play.

The book starts quite literally with 'First Steps', running

through the basic moves, and the basic motivation of the

opening.

Then comes 'Heroes and Zeros'--great wins (and losses!)

with the opening. Ιπ this chapter you ννίll fιnd thoroughly

aπalysed games, and the thoughts ο( players who have

enriched the theory of the Grunfeld De(ence. Here Ι would

like to thank my (riends Garry Κasparov, Boris Gulko, Leonid

Shamkovich, Gennadi Zaitchik, and Sam Palatnik (or their

eχclusive contributions to this book.

'Strategy', gives an overνiew of two ο( White's main systems,

looking at the principle lines and theoretical battlegrounds.

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6 lntroduction

'What's Hot' takes you through some of the (currently) most

popular Iίnes ίπ the Grϋnfeld, offering the latest theoretical ορίηίοη οη these crucial systems.

Ιη 'Tricks and Traps' Ι show how strategy and tactics combine to achieve the ultimate goal-winning the game.

Απ important element of each opening book is a set of test positions. LΠ 'Test Your Skill' there are severaJ different types

of position to anaJyse. Alongside the usual tactical problems, there are also more compleχ situations that test your strategic understanding. (Don't worry, there is also an

answers section.)

Aπd fιnaJly, if you can't fιnd the anaJysis of some theoretical Iίnes ίπ the descriptive part of the book, don't hesitate to look at 'Details', where lίsts of νariations are displayed with assessments.

Before you read οπ, Ι would lίke to quote Grandmaster Boris Gulko, whose remarks characterise the Grϋπfeld Defence

perfectly: 'If White plays precisely and logically, he should get

an adνantage; while for Black to get a good game he must rely οπ occasional tactical chances. Fortunately, such 'occasions' occur quite often'.

Michael Khodarkoνsky,

New Jersey, 2003

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First Steps

Ι doubt if the Austrian chessplayer Ernst Grϋnfeld (born

21.1 1.1893, died 3.4.1962) could have imagined that an idea

he created ίη the early Ι 920s would still, to this very day, be

at the height of opening fashion. The new opening strategy

developed by Grϋnfeld was as radical as the emerging

Modernist movement ίη wider society. Grϋnfeld belonged to

a younger generation of chess theoreticians who were

looking for different methods of development to the

orthodoxy of Steinitz and Tarrasch. Right from the start,

Grϋnfeld enjoyed considerable success with his opening

experiment. According to my records, this was its fιrst trial ίη

a serious game.

Α. Becker White

Ε. Grϋnfeld BIack Vienna, 1921

Ι d4 lbf6 2 lbf3 g6 3 c4 i.g7 4 lbc3 d5 5 cxd5 lbxd5 6 e4 lbxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 i.e2 ο-ο 9 ο-ο cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 lbc6 Ι Ι i.e3 i.g4

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8 First Steps

12 d5 ~e5 13 :bl ttJxf3+ 14 gxf3 .i.h3 15 :Xb7 .i.xfl 16.i.xfl Wd6 17 .i.xa7 .i.e5 18 h3 Wa3 19 ~e3 :fb8 20 :Xb8+ :Xb8 21 ~c4 'fIc3 22 .i.b3 'fιIc7 23 Φι2 .i.f4 24 .i.d4 .i.e5 25 ~e3 'I2-'h

One might question some of the moves (by both sides), but all ίπ aII, a game with a remarkably modern feel to it. The following year, 1922, Grϋnfeld employed his opening to beat,

among others, Aleχander Alekhine.

Grϋnfeld's creation greatly enriched opening theory and gave birth to new ideas and strategies. The asymmetric positions that arose were full of eχcitement, with dynamic plans and

sharp tactics. These characteristics stimulated chess

gladiators such as Alekhine, Botνinnik, Smyslov, Fischer and Κasparoν to include the opening ίη their repertoire. Οη the

other hand, some of their counterparts such as Spassky,

Κarpoν and Kramnik were strong adνocates for the white side of the opening. The most crucial tests of the Grϋnfeld

Defence took place during the battles between these

players, eleνating this complicated opening to the highest leνel of popularity.

Today, you can fιnd thousands of games where players of different strengths and rating have enjoyed playing the

Grϋnfeld Defence. Ι hope you ννίll enjoy it too. Let's start by

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Ι d4lbf6

2 c4 g6

First Steps 9

examining the fιrst moves and proceed step by step into the sophisticated labyrίnth of this exciting and often controversial opening.

This is a characteristic move of many 'Indian' openings. The aim is to control the central squares e4 and d5 -without occupying them.

Black deliberately delays a conflict ίη the centre and prefers to develop the bishop οη g7, throwing a laser beam down the long diagonal.

3lbc3 d5

This is exactly what Ernst Grϋnfeld fιrst demonstrated ίη 1921. Before that, Black always pushed his pawn just one square to d6 and played another complicated opening-the Κing's Indian Defence. Advancing the d-pawn two squares strikes at White's centre and provokes a conflict right at the beginning of the game. Over the years, White has developed

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Ι Ο First Steps

many ways to meet the opening, but let's begin by looking at

the most principled continuation. White seizes the centre.

4 cxdS ttJxdS 5 e4

The eχchange of pawns aIIows White to win the preliminary

battle ίη the struggle to control the centre. But wiII he win the war?

S ... ttJxc3 6 bxc3 ~g7

7..te3

The bishop places itself οη the desirable long diagonal ίη

readiness for the neχt strike. White has been aIIowed to occupy the centre with his pawns. According to Tarrasch's school, White should simply stand better. However, this is

classic gueriIIa waήare. White's army occupies the centre of a city. Black could engage ίη hand to hand combat but,

fearing heaνy casualties, instead hides out ίη safety ίη the

surrounding hiIIs and snipes at the sitting target below. This must have seemed a radical approach ίη the early 1920s when the trench waήare of openings such as the Queen's

Gambit Declined and the Ruy Lopez was de rigeur.

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7 ... c5

First Steps Ι Ι

White, for his part, supports the centre to meet Black's attack. 7 lί'Io and 7 ~c4 are aJso popular moνes.

This is a typicaJ Grϋηfeld position. As indicated aboνe, Black didn't giνe υρ the centre for fun-he wants to attack it. The pawn οη c5, aJong with the queen and the long range bishop, attack the d4 square. The real struggle for the centre has begun.

a1Vd2 ο-ο

Black has completed the deνelopment οί his kingside, and maintains pressure oνer the centre. For many professional players this position doesn't need explaining-they continue to play and anaJyse it without thinking. But both sides are making assumptions. LΠ this kind οί position there are ιννο big questions that need clearing up. (Ι) Can White capture the pawn οπ c5? (2) ννίll Black be oνerrun by pawns ίί White pushes the d-pawn?

Ι showed this position to one οί my students who asked me, 'Shouldn't White take the pawn οη c5?' Ιί White plays 9 dxc5, then Black has at least ιννο strong moνes, either 9 ... 1Vc7 ΟΓ

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Ι 2 First Steps

9 d5

9 ... 'ii'a5, Let's look at the latter. The queen puts pressure οπ all three of White's isolated pawns οπ the queenside. White must defend the pawn οπ c3: Ι Ο IΣc Ι (Ι Ο .td4 IΣd8! threatening ... e5) Ι O ... IΣd8 (Black is already assuming a dangerous initiative) 11 'i'b2 l2Jd7 (11 ... l2Ja6 is also good) 12 .tb5 (12 'ii'b4 'ii'xa2 13 .tc4 a5!) 12 ... a6 13 .txd7 .txd7 14l2Jf3 .tb5. Whi~e is unable to castle, and Black's pieces are dangerously active.

Ιπ some Grunfeld positions White is able to capture the c5 pawn and get away with it, but those occasions are rare. Even when it results ίη the gain of a pawn, it usually does not compensate for the breaking of the central pawn duo and the exposure of the isolated pawns οη the queenside. ΥουΊI see plenty of examples later οη ίη the book! Now let's deal with what happens if White attempts to overrun Black with the central pawns.

Black's pieces do not feel more cramped after this pawn push. Οη the contrary, the diagonal of the g7 bishop has

lengthened, and the e5 square is now aνailable for a piece. Besides, Black can chip awayat the d-pawn and, ίη so doing, open some lines.

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9 ... e6

First Steps 13

Black highlights the vulnerability of White's centre. Now if White plays Ι Ο dχe6, then after Ι O ... ~χθ6 Black has a perfect eχample of the Grϋnfeld bishop pair, raking across White's queenside. 9 ..... a5 is also strong.

10 ~xcS "c71

11 ~d4

White cannot take the rook 11 iιχf8??, because of 11 •.. i.χc3!

White cannot tolerate the bishop οπ g7.

Ι 1 ... ~xd4 12 "xd4

White has been able to centralise the queen and take control over the long diagonal. Very nice, but compare the position of the two kings.

12 ... exdS 13 exdS ~fS

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14 First Steps

Not one of White's kingside pieces has entered the game, and his king is ίπ the firing lίΠθ οπ the e-file. We can already state that Black's opening strategy has prevailed. NaturaIIy, White does ηοι need to occupy the centre ίπ this way, but

this is the crucial test of the GrUnfeld. If Black is not careful he ννίΙΙ be squashed off the board. ΗοννθνθΓ, experience proves that it is far easier to snipe at a centre than to maintain ίι. This practical 'truth' lies at the heart of the Grunfeld's popularity.

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Heroes and Zeros

When fιrst studying an opening Ι lίke to begin by looking at

the games of strong players, ίη other words, the ones that

show the best understanding of the system. Before looking at

the detail of νariations, Ι think it is good to get an idea of how an opening is used. That is the aim of this chapter. ΒΥ looking

at the wins and losses of the greatest exponents of the

Grϋnfeld, we can discover the true flavour of the opening.

These are all beautiful games. Moreover, at the time they

were played, they all made a signifιcant contribution to the

theory of the opening. There have been many great Grϋnfeld

players-Botνinnik, Fischer, Korchnoi and Smyslov are four

striking omissions from this chapter-but ίη the end Ι

decided to make a highly personal selection by choosing

games played by my friends and colleagues. This gave me the

unique opportunity to ask for their comments, which they

have given especially for this book. I'd lίke to express my

appreciation for their help. Among these games Ι have

included some fιηθ victories by White-it is important to see

what you are υρ agaίnst when playing the Grϋnfeld. And who

knows, you might have bought this book with the express

aim of defeating the Grϋnfeld the next time you face it!

We begin with a White victory. The winner is Gennadi

Zaichik-a Grandmaster, originally from Tbilίsi, the capital of

the Georgian Republic. He was fιve times national champion,

member of the Georgian national team ίη the 1992, 1994

and 1996 chess olympiads, and winner of many international

tournaments. He now resides ίη Philadelphia, USA, and was

the 2002 U.S. Open Champion.

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Ι 6 Heroes and Zeros

G. Zaichik White

Ι. Dorfman BIack USSR Cup, 1984

Ι d4 4.)f6 2 c4 g6 3 4.)c3 dS 4 4.)13 JJ..g7 5 JJ..gS 4.)e4 6 JJ..h4 4.)xc3

7 bxc3 dxc4 8 e3 i.e6

9 'ί'ib Ι

9 ... cS?!

At the time, Black's last moνe was considered the main line ίη this νariation. It is based οη the following: 9 4.)g5 JJ..d5

10 e4 h6 11 exd5 hxg5 12 JJ..xg5 'iί'xd5, when Black has successfully solνed his opening problems, and White has yet to proνe the correctness of the pawn sacrifιce.

'If Ι remember correctly, here Ι thought for about 20 minutes, and Ι found an idea which Ι belieνe was a noνelty

then. The whole idea is based οη the geometry of the queen.

Besides the obνious threat to the b 7 square, White is taking control oνer the central square e4, which reopens the threat of Ι Ο 4.)g5.' (Zaichik).

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Heroes and Zeros 17

'Black responds with the standard attack οπ White's centre, characteristic of most variations of the Grunfeld Defence. lπ another of my games, against Vitaly Tseshkoνsky, USSR Cup, 1985, Black employed the move 9 ... b6, and after 10 ~g5 i.d5 11 e4 i.b7 12 i.c4 ο-ο 13 'ii'b3 'i'e8 14 i.d3, White had a slight advantage.' (Zaichik).

It is interesting that the above mentioned game is missing from many books, but also from the Ροweήul multi-million game ChessBase database. Ι would lίke to add to Gennadi's comments that instead of Ι 1 ... i.b7, as Tseshkoνsky played, it was suggested later that Ι 1 ... h6 12 exd5 hxg5 13 'ii'b5 'ii'd7

would equalise.

10 it'xb7 ο-ο Ι Ι i.xe7

This is the best continuation. It is dangerous to take the rook with Ι Ι 'i'xa8 ίη view of Ι 1 ... 'ii'b6, with two possible threats: 12 ... 'i'b2 ΟΓ 12 ... ~c6. Here is just one of numerous νariations: 12 'ife4 'ifb2 13 'ii'b Ι 'ii'xc3 + 14 ~d2 cxd4 15 'iί'c Ι dxe3! 16 'ifxc3 i.xc3 17 0-0-0 i.xd2 + 18 Φb2 ~c6 with a very strong attack.

Ι 1 ...... a5 12 IIcl lDd7 13 i.xf8l1xf8 14 i.e2 IIb8 15 "'c6

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18 Heroes and Zeros

15 ••• cxd4

16lΔxd4

lη this complicated position. Black did not select the best continuation. He should playeither 15 ... 'iixa2 ΟΓ 15 ... .:b2. so as to hold White's king ίη the centre.

The game ηονν follows a practically forced νariation leading to an endgame ίη which White must just be patient and cautious to realise his adνantage.

16 ••. ~xd4 17 exd4 'iWg5

The last big trick. Ο! course. it's bad for White to castle. 18 ο-ο. because ο! 18 ... ~d5. and Black is winning.

18 ':dl ':b6 19 'ii'a8+ ':b8 20 'iWc6 ':b6 21 'iia8+ ':b8 22 'iWf3 .i.d5 23 'ίi'ι3 'ii'xg3 24 hxg3 .txg2 25 ':g Ι ~d5 26 f3 ':b5 27 ':d2 lΔb6 28 Φf2 h5 29 ':c Ι! Φf8 30 ~d Ι !

White brings the b3 square under control before adνancing the a-pawn. Απ excellent example ο! restricting one's opponent before making progress.

30 ••• ~e7 31 a4 ':a5 32 ':b2 .tc6 33 ':Μ ~d6 34 ':al g5 35 .te2 h4 36 gxh4 gxh4 37 ':h Ι ':h5 38 .txc4 lΔxa4 39 .txΠ ':f5 40 d5 .td7 41 .te6 .txe6 42 dxe6 lΔxc3 43 ':e Ι lΔd5 44 ':xh4 a5 45 e7

ι-ο

Leonid Shamkoνich is οηθ ο! the wisest of all Grandmasters. Οη June Ι. 2003. Leonid ννίll turn 80. He belongs to the 'old' school ο! chess. but Leonid's brilliant discoνeries throughout his career make him a respected contemporary theoretician. He was a second to Mikhail Tal ίη 1965. and to Leonid Stein ίη 1972. He ννοη Russian Championships ίη 1954 and 1957.

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Heroes and Zeros 19

as well as numerous international tournaments, including the

U.S. Open ίη 1976 and 1977, He participated ίη the

Interzonal tournament ίη 1979, and was a member of the

U.S. team ίη the 1980 Chess Olympiad. Grandmaster

Shamkovich is the author of many theoretical works,

including The Grϋnfeld Defense co-authored with Jan

R.Cartier, published ίη Dallas, USA, 1997. According to

another 'hero' of this book, Boris Gulko, 'The magnifιcent

combination by Leonid ίη this game is one of the brightest ίη

chess history'.

J. Fedorowicz White L. Shamkoνich Black New York, 1980

Ι d4 ltJf6 2 ltJf3 g6 3 c4 i.g7 4 ltJc3 d5 5 cxd5 ltJxd5 6 e4 ltJxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 i.e3

8 ... iιg4!?

The alternative, 8 1ιb Ι, preventing the development of the

bishop οη c8, has become more popular ίn recent years, but

Black has suffιcient counterplay after 8 ... 0-0 9 i.e2 -'a5.

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20 Heroes and Zeros

Shamkoνich considers that this moνe giνes Black better

chances than 8 ... 0-0, ίπ νiew of possibilities such as 9 'ii'd2 i.g4 Ι Ο ':c Ι i.χf3 11 gχf3 lbc6 12 h4!.

The bishop intends to eliminate the knight οπ f3, intensifying the pressure οπ White's centre.

9 ':c Ι 'ii'a5 Ι Ο 'ii'd2 i.xf3

This is better than Ι 0 ... 0-0 Ι Ι lbg5! with the better game for

White, as played ίπ Portisch-Korchnoi, candidates match, Bad Kissingen, 1983.

Ι Ι gxf3 lbd7 12 d5 b5

Ί originated this plan at the board. Ιπ answer to the

methodical response 13 c4, Ι had prepared 13 ... b4,

threatening 14 ... i.c3. ΜΥ opponent rightly declined this

continuation and found a creatiνe way of building an

imposing pawn centre.' (Shamkoνich).

13 f4 ':d8!

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Heroes and Zeros 21

Here it is importaπt to play the correct order of moνes. The standard 13 ... 0-0? would be incorrect because White could immediately begin a strong attack with 14 h4!. The text moνe aims a shadowed attack agaίnst the queen and White's centre.

14 c4 b4 IS eS

White is trying to lίmίt the power of the fιanchettoed bishop, but Black has aπ outstanding counter-thrust.

Ι S ..• gS! 16 ~h3

White, ίη his turn, prepares to meet 16 ... gχf4 with 17 ~χd7+! :χd7 18 i.χf4.

16 ..• e6 17 :gl

If 17 dχe6, then 17 ... llJχe5.

17 ••• gxf4 18 .uxg7

18 •.• llJxeSI··

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22 Heroes and Zeros

19 Φe2?

'ΜΥ opponent probably only calculated the foIIowing: 18 ... fxe3 19 'iixe3, and then for example, 19 ... b3+ 20 'ίt>fl b2 21 1Ie Ι 'iib4 22 dxe6! b Ι ='ii' 23 1Ixb Ι 'ii'xb 1+ 24 'ίt>g2 'ii'b7+ 25 ~g3 with an unclear position. But Ι surprised him with my last move. Now not only is the knight threatening a fork οη f3, but the rook is performing well, thanks to the

move 13 ... 1Id8: (Shamkovich).

19 ~fl was correct, although after 19 ... 'ii'a3! 20 ..txf4 'ii'xh3+ 21 'ίt8>e2 'ii'f3+ 22 'ίt>fl "i!i'd3+! Black would have been much better anyway. The text move allows Black to demonstrate an elegant and decisive tactical firework.

19 ... fxe3 20 'ii'b2

If 20 fxe3, then 20 .. :ii'a6!.

20 ••• 1Ixd511

Beautiful chess!

21 cxd5

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Heroes ond Zeros 23

White has πο choice but to accept this rook sacrifίce, as 21 ~χe3 would be met by 21 ..... :td-4!, and 21 fχe3 by 21 ... 'i'a6 with a clear advantage to Black.

21 .•• ifa6+ 22 Φxe3 'i'd3+ 23 'i1;f4 Ι6!

Α subtle touch ίπ the middle of the attack. Black threatens 24 ... 'i'f3 mate.

24 'i'b3lίJg6+ 25 :'xg6 e5+ 26 Φg4 h5+ 27 Φh4 ife4+ ο-ι

The grand fιnale: 28 Φg3 h4 mate; while 28 .tg4 and 28 :g4 are both mated by 28 ... hχg4+. 'Pay attention to the treacherous role played by the rook οπ h8--up to the last moves it was out of the battle.' (Shamkovich). Απ absolutely briIJiant game!

Garry Κasparov is the 13th World Champion ίπ the history of chess (1985-2000). He remains the no. Ι player ίπ the world οπ the rating list. Κasparov became the youngest ever World Champion at the age of 22. Ιπ 1989 he was the fιrst chess player ίπ the world to break the 2800 rating barrier. Since then he has maintained his position as the highest rated player ίπ the world. Κasparov has won more

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24 Heroes and Zeros

'super' tournaments than anyone else. Garry's ability to

generate new ideas has enriched many openings, including the Grϋnfeld Defence.

Anatoly ΚaΓpoν is the 12th World Champion ίη the history of chess (1975-1985)-Κasparov's predecessor. Ιη his long and

successful career, ΚaΓpoν has won around 150 international tournaments. Anatoly has always been prepared to take οη the Grϋnfeld with the white pieces. Ιη 1992 he wrote a book

Beating the Grϋn(eΙd, published by Batsford. The following game was played ίη the uncompromising fight for the 1986 World Championship title. For those of us spectating, it was

a truly breathtaking and unpredictable encounter. Ιη fairness

to the art of chess, it makes perfect sense that the players shared not only the point, but the briIIiancy prize as well.

Α. ΚaΓpoν White G. Κasparov Black World Championship, London, 1986

Ι d4 lL:ιf6 2 c4 g6 3 lL:ιc3 d5 4 i.f4 i.g7

The variation with 4 i.fo4 is a slightly old-fashioned method of

development-though Κarpov's espousal of it ίη this match

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Heroes and Zeros 25

provoked a reviνal ίη interest. It is generaJly regarded as a solid, bullet-proof continuation for White.

5 e3 cS 6 dxcS 'ili'a5

One ο! Black's strategies here is to eχert pressure along the a5-e Ι diagonal, eχploiting the fact that White's bishop is ηονν disconnected from the queenside.

7 :Cle~ 1~C4 ο-ο 9 tDf3 'ίWxc5 10 .i.b3

This is better than Ι Ο tDb5 'iί'b4+ Ι Ι tDd2 tDd5, ΟΓ Ι Ι 'it>e2 .i.e6! with favourable positions for Black.

Ι 0 ••• lbc6 11 ο-ο 'iί'a5 12 h3 .i.f5 13 'iί'e2

Ιη game 9 of this match, ΚaΓpoν tried 13 tDd4 .i.d7 14 'iί'e2 tDχd4 15 eχd4, with even chances.

13 ••• tDe4 14 tDd5

With the simple threat ο! 15 .i.c7.

14 ••. eS

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26 Heroes and Zeros

151:.xc6!?

Welcome to the show. This attractive and surprising exchange sacrifιce initiates unpredictable tacticaJ complications. Black's position comes under extreme pressure. It is unclear who wiII benefιt after 15 ... bxc6 16 tΔe7 + Φhθ 17 ..txe5 ..txe5 Ι θ tΔxc6 ..th2 +! 19 tΔxh2 ~d2. Κasparov prefers another way to resist.

15 ... exf4!? 16 1:.c7 ..te6 17 ~e Ι ~b5 18 tΔe7 + Φh8 19 ..txe6

Ι nstead , 19 exf4? would be refuted by 19 ... tΔg3 20 fxg3 'iWb6+.

19 ... fxe6 20 'iWbl tΔg5 21 tΔh4 tΔxh3+

Black could have hit the safety net with 21 ... fxe3! as after 22 tΔhxg6+ hxg6 23 tΔxg6+ Φgθ 24 tΔe7+ would be a draw. Instead, Κasparov pushes the accelerator to the floor.

22 Φh2 'iWh5 23 tΔexg6 +

Α merry dance with the knights!

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Heroes and Zeros 27

23 •.• hxg6 24 'ifxg6

24 ... 'iWe5

Α creatiνe resource, threatening the rook and a discoνered check. It forces White's neχt moνe so as to stop a counter­attack by Black's well-coordinated pieces.

25 I:Z.f7 .uxπ 26 'iWxf7 ttJg5

Black returns the eχtra piece and the game drifts towards the safety zone for both players.

27 ttJg6+ <ίf;h7 28 ttJxe5 tΔxf7 29 tΔxf7 <ίf;g6 30 ttJd6 fxe3 31 ttJc4 exf2 32:xf2

It could be said that Black, with his bishop against a knight, has a more pleasant endgame, but at this leνel, such positions are almost always drawn.

]2 ... b5 3] ttJe3 a5 34 ~g3 a4 35 ':c2 :f8 36 Φg4 .ιd4 37 :e2

.i.xe3 38 ':xe3 ':12 39 b3 ':xg2 + 40 <ίf;O ':xa2 41 bxa4 II2-ΙΙz

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28 Heroes and Zeros

Boris Gulko is the only Grandmaster who has been able to ννίη the prestigious 50viet Championship (ίη 1977) and the υ.5. Championship (ίη 1994 and 1999). For many years Boris has been a member of the υ.5. national team. He has ννοη numerous international tournaments. and qualίfied for severallnterzonals. Ιη 1994 he played a quarterfinal candidates match for the World Championship against Nigel 5hort. Gulko is regarded as one of the most knowledgeable Grandmasters with his οννη views and interpretation of theory. Boris included the Grίinfeld Defence ίη his opening repertoire a few decades ago. and has used it with success ίη his tournament encounters.

Α. Yusupov White Β. Gulko Blαck Hastings. 1989

Ι d4 lί)f6 2 c4 g6 3 lί)c3 d5 4 cxd5 lί)xd5 5 e4 lί)xc3 6 bxc3 J.g7 7 J.c4 ο-ο Slί)e2lί)c6 9 ο-ο b6 10 iιg5 .ib7 11 'ifd2 'ii'd6 12 :adl!?

υρ until the last move. the players were following the most popular theoretical line. At the time. this rook move was a novelty. νarying from the standard νariation beginning with

ι:r ι ~ ο,-ι2):ac Ι . ',--, . .1

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Heroes and Zeros 29

12 ••• lt::Ja5 13 ~d3 c5

14 d5

14 ••• e61

Black employs the standard approach ίη the Grϋnfeld

Defence: attack the centre as quickly as possible, using the

long range paίΓ of bishops, and keep the pressure οη the c4

square.

'It wouldn't be wise to remove the pressure οη d4 by

pushing the c-pawn further. White obtains a favourable

position after 14 ... c4? 15 .tc2 e6 16 dxe6 ~xθ6 17lt::Jd4!?,

ΟΓ 17lt::Jf4 ~θ5 Ι θ lt::Jd5.' (Gulko).

15 c4 ~a6 ~)~c2 Ι> i 1-\)

Defending the pawn with 16 1Ic Ι doesn't look good ίη view

of 16 ... exd5 17 cxd5?! ~xd3 Ι θ 'ii'xd3 (5! 19 f3 (19 lt::Jf4 fxe4

20 'ii'xe4 1IaeB 21 lt::Je611f5) 19 ... fxe4 20 fxe4lt::Jc6, and the

knight reaches an excellent outpost οη e5.

16 ... exd5 17 exd5

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30 Heroes and Zeros

17 ... 'iid7

18lL\g3

'It is absolutely necessarγ to control the a4 square. It would

be a mistake to play the natural 17 ... %:tae8?, because of

18 SΙd2, ΟΓ 18 'ir'a4 with adνantage to White.' (Gulko).

18 .•• %:tae8

19 SΙd2

The only move. If 18 ... lL\b7?, then 19 lL\f5 gxf5 20 SΙxf5 'ii'd6

21 ~xh7 + Φh8 22 %:td3, with a clear adνantage (or White.

'Now 19 lL\f5? doesn't work, because ο( 19 ... gxf5 20 SΙxf5

'ir'd6 21 ~xh7 + 'ίt>h8 22 %:td3 SΙc8, taking control of the h3

square with a decisive adνantage. Instead of the text move,

White could have equalised the position with 19 %:tfe Ι 11xe Ι

20 %:txe Ι %:te8' (Gulko).

19 ... lL\b7 20 lL\e4 lL\d6!

It is best for Black to force the trade of knights. Playing

adventurously with 20 ... f5 would rebound: 21 lL\g5 lL\d8 22 h4.

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Heroes and Zeros 3 Ι

21 t2Jxd6 'ίWxd6 22 ifa4?!

'ΜΥ opponent overestimates his position. He should continue 22 ':'feli.c8, with equality.' (Gulko).

22 ... Sιc8 23 ifxa7 i.e5!

24 h3?!

ΑΙΙ of a sudden, Black has developed a dangerous attack οη the kingside. It is not easy to fιnd a way to hold this position. For example, Black is winning after 24 i.h6? Sιxh2 + 25 Φh Ι i.f4 26 i.xf8 'ii'xf8 27 Φg Ι ifh6 28 g3 Sιg4; ΟΓ 24 g3? i.h3 25 i.h6 'ίWf6; ΟΓ 24 h4!? i.d4!. Artur also didn't fιnd a good reply.

'Ιη fact there was a defence: 24 (4! i.d4+ 25 'it>h Ι i.d7 26 ':'b Ι b5 27 ifa3 ':'a8 28 ifb3 b4 29 '6'c2 i.a4 30 '6'c Ι i.d7 31 ifc2 with a draw by repetition.' (Gulko).

24 ... i.d4!

Now there is ηο way to prevent a damaging sacrifιce οη h3.

25 Φhl

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32 Heroes and Zeros

'White does ηο better with 25 ,*,a3 ~xh3 26 ~χg6 (26 gxh3 'ilfg3+ 27 Whl ,*,xh3+ 28 Wgl ~e5 wins) 26 ... ~χg2! 27 ~xh7 + Wχh7 28 Φχg2 :g8+ 29 ~h Ι :e3! 30 ~χe3 '*'g6 31 '*'d3 (5 mating.' (Gulko).

25 .. :it'f6 26 ~e3

Of course, there were alternatives, but Black is winning ίη all cases: 26 'ilfc7 ~e5 27 ,*,c6 ,*,h4; ΟΓ 26 (4 '*'h4 27 ~el :xe Ι 28 :dxe Ι ~χh3; ΟΓ 26 Φh2 ~χh3! 27 gxh3 (27 Wχh3 :e5) 27 ...• f3.

26 ... i.xh3 27 ~xd4 cxd4

28d6

28 ... :e5

ΒΥ the way. 27 ... ~χg2+ is just a draw.

Avoiding the forced losing line after 28 gxh3 'i'f3 + 29 Φh2 :e5 30 :gl 'i'χf2+ 31 :g2 'i'f3 32 'i'a4 (32 ~c2 'i'f4+ 33 Φhl :fe8 wins) 32 ... :h5! 33 :g3 ,*,f2+ 34 :g2 '*'f4+ 35 :g3 :g5 36 :dg Ι h5.

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Heroes and Zeros 33

ΗοννθνθΓ, Black is stίll winning.

29 f4 :e3 30 'ifb 7 'ifh4 31 Φg Ι

3l ... ~xg2

Α nice touch.

32 'ifxg2 :g3 33 ~e4 :Xg2+ 34 ~xg2 'iff6 35 d7 'ifd6 36 f5 'ifxd7 37 ~d5 'ife7 38 :13 'ife5 39 :dfl g5 40 f6 :e8 41 Φh Ι g4 42:f5 'ife3 43 :h5 :e5 44 :h2 d3 45 ~xf7+ cJ;xf7 46 :xh7+ cJ;g6 47 f7 Φxh7 48 f8='ii 'iih3+ Ο-Ι

Vladimir Tukmakov is a Grandmaster from Odessa. He

became known to the world of chess after he took second

place behind Bobby Fischer ίη the famous tournament ίη

Buenos Aires, 1970. He took second place ίη three Soviet

Championships ίη 1970, 1972, and 1983. The last οηθ was

the 50th USSR Championship ίη which aJl the great Soviet

players participated. Vladimir has ννοη many international

tournaments, participated ίη lηterzoηaJ tournaments, and

was a member of the Soviet national team that ννοη the

European Team Championship. Tukmakov is a νθΓΥ dynamic

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34 Heroes and Zeros

pIayer with great sporting quaIities and fιghting spirit. The Grϋnfeld is one of the main openings he has employed throughout a Iong and successfu! career. At the time this game was played, it had an important theoretical νalue. The so-called Prins νariation ίη the Russian System (7 ... ltΊa6) originated by ν.RagΟΖίn ίη the 1930s, had almost been

forgotten until employed by Κasparoν ίη his matches against Κarρoν ίη 1986 and 1987.

Α. Belyaνsky White V. Τukmakov Black USSR Championship, 1989

Ι d4 ltΊf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltΊc3 d5 4 ltΊo iιg7 5 'i'b3 dxc4 6 'ifxc4 ο-ο

7 e4ltΊa6

8 iιe2

It is interesting to note that Tukmakoν was confιdent enough

to play this νariation οη seνeral occasions. During the same tournament, the 1988 Soνiet Championship, held ίη his (and

my) natiνe city of Odessa, he successfully proνed his

superiority ίη this double-edged νariation. For example, ίη

Georgadze-Tukmakoν, instead of the text moνe, the

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Heroes and Zeros 35

Georgian Grandmaster tried 8 'ifb3, and the game

continued: 8 ... c5 9 d5 ~I Ο 'iWxb6 axb6 11 ~c4 e6

12 dxe6 .i.xe6 13 .i.xe6 fxe6 14 ο-ο lbb4 15 h3 lbd7

16 %:td Ι lbc2 17 %:tb Ι lbd4 18 lbe Ι lbe5, with the initiative

(Ο-Ι, 35).

Let's look at some of the other moves employed by White at

this stage. Tukmakov himself played 8 e5 against lνan 50kolov

ίη Yugoslavia, 1991, and after 8 ... lbd7 9 e6 lbb6 Ι Ο exf7 +

Wh8 11 'iWb5 :i~ 12 .i.f4 c6 13 'iWe2 .i.c4 14 'ife4 ~d5, both players had chances to play for a ννίη.

Aπd fιnally, Boris Gulko played 8 'ifa4 ίη his fιght against Ilya

Gurevich ίη the υ .5. ίη 1991, achieving a favourable position

for White after 8 ... c5 9 d5 'ifb6 Ι Ο .i.xa6 bxa6 Ι Ι ο-ο e6

~§%:td Ι .i.b7 13 .i.g5 exd5 14 exd5 'iWxb2 15 %:tab Ι 'ifxc3 16 %:txb7 %:tfb8 17 %:txb8+ %:txb8 18 d6.

8 ... c5 9 d5 e6

10 ο-ο

Απ alternative continuation was demonstrated ίη the game

Piket-Timman, Amsterdam, 1995: Ι Ο Jιg5!? exd5 Ι Ι lbxd5

@exd5 'iί'b6) 11 ... .i.e6 120-0-0 .i.xd5 13 %:txd5 'ifb6

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36 Heroes and Zeros

14 .tχf6 'iiχf6 15 e5 'ii'f5 16 .td3 .c8 17 :d6 lίJb4!? 18.te4 :b8 ~Φbl b5 20 'iie2 c4 21 a3lίJd3 22 .tχd3 cχd3 23 'ii'χd3 b4! with a dynamic position where both sides had chances.

Ι O ... exd5 Ι Ι exd5

Ι 1 .•. .tf5

12.tf4

Ιπ the game Piket-Κasparoν, Amsterdam, 1995, Black preferred@ .. :e8, coming under pressure after 12:d Ι .tf5 13 d6! h6 14 .tf4 lίJd7 15 :d2 lίJb4 16 'ii'b3 .te6 17 .tc4 lίJb6 18 .tχe6 :χe6 19 lίJa4 :e4. After the game, ννοπ by Piket, Κasparoν suggested that Black could obtain a winning position by playing 19 ... lίJχa4!? 20 'ii'χa4 lίJc6 21 :c Ι g5 22 .tg3 .d7 23 :χc5 g4. But ίπ my joint analysis with Grandmaster Leonid Shamkoνich, we found that White could play instead 23 h3! b6 24 b4! lίJe5 25 'ii'd Ι cχb4 26 :c7 with the better chances.

Ιη this position White has also played 12 .te3, Grandmaster A.Mikhalchishin recommends responding with 12 ... 'ii'b6

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Heroes and Zeros 37

15' 1 ; J !J)b3 11e8. although after 14 11ad Ι ti:)e4 15 ti:)xe4 :Xe4 (of

course. not 15 ... .i.xe4. because of 16 ti:)g5! .i.f5 17 d6 with winning chances for White) 16 'ilc Ι. White is slightly better.

12~ •• ti:)d7! \j Ι ;;

This is the fruit of Tukmakov's analytical work. prepared especially for this tournament. This innovative plan allows White to enter into a sharp tactical skirmish once he pushes

the pawn to the sixth rank. White could of course select the more solid 13 11fd Ι. with a possible continuation such as 13 ... ti:)b6 14 'ilb3 ti:)b4 15 11d2. but the following move looks so attractive that Belyavsky couldn't resist.

13 d6!? ti:)b6 14 'ilb3 ti:)b4 15 11ac Ι .i.e6 16 'iia3

Tukmakov commented after the game that White should

retreat with 16 'ild Ι. and considered the position unclear after 16 ... ti:)6d5 (16 ... .i.xc3 17 bxc3 ti:)xa2 18 11c2 ti:)a4

19 'ild2) 17 ti:)xd5 ti:)xd5 18 .i.g3 .i.xb2 19 11xc5 ~3

20 'ir'c2 ti:)xe2 + 21 'iixe2 .i.a3 22 11c3 .i.b4 23 11c2.

16 ... ti:)c4 17 .i.xc4 .i.xc4 18 11fd Ι b6 19 ti:)e4 .i.d5!

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38 Heroes and Zeros

The bishop pair, ίπ combination with the knight, trap White's

queen ίπ an offside position. It's a common scenario ίπ this

νariation.

20 tΩfg5 Wd71

Here's the girl! ΑΙΙ Black's pieces are now working ίπ

harmony.

21 ..id2 tΩxa2 22 :a Ι h6 23 tΩc3 tΩxc3 24 ..txc3 ..txg2 25 ..txg7 1;xg7 26 Φχg2 hxg5 27 Wg3 :fe8

Playing 27 ... g4 was also good enough, but at this point it's

just a matter of taste.

28 'iί'xg5 :e4 29 h3 :ae8 30 :a3 :8e5 31 Wg3 :e8 32 :13 a5 33 :d5 :4e6 34 :f4 :d8 35 Wb3 Wc6 36 'iί'f3 :d7 37 Φgl :exd6 Ο-Ι

The fall of the d-pawn leaves White with πο choice but to

resign.

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Heroes and Zeros 39

Ι would like to add to the ideas described ίπ the previous

game with the following encounter between Jan Timman and Garry Κasparov.

J. Timman White G. Κasparoν 8Iack Sarajevo, 1999

Ι d4lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4lbf3 iLg7 5 'iWb3 dxc4 6 'ii'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 lba6 8 iLe2 c5 9 d5 e6 Ι Ο ο-ο exd5 11 exd5 iLf5 12 iLe3

12 ... 'ii'b6

The same continuation as ίπ the preνious game. These νariations are cuπentlΥ hotly disputed. Just recently, ίπ the game Gyimesi-Ni Hua, 35th Olympiad, Bled 2002, the following move order was employed:@ .. %:e8 13 %:ad Ι 'iWb6

14 b3 %:ad8 15 lba4 and now the Chinese player

demonstrated a noνelty: 15 ... 1Wc7, though this wasn't entirely

satisfactory for Black: 16 d6! 'iWc8 (16 ... %:xd6 17 iLf4 and

White is υρ an exchange) 17 tlJg5 %:d7 Ι θ 'iWc Ι! %:ede 19 i-f4 lbb4 (19 ... h6 20 lbf3 g5 was probably better, although White

has the upper hand ίπ any case: a) 21 iLe5 lbe4 22 iLb5

iLxe5 23 iLxd7 iLxh2+ 24 Φχh2 Itxd7; ΟΓ b) 21 iLxa6 bxa6 22 lbxc5 gχf4 23 lbxd7 'iWxd7 24 Itfe Ι).

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40 Heroes and Zeros

Α year earlier ίη the game Gyίmesi-Smirin, Pula 200 Ι, Black had played 15 .. :iνa5, and after 16 d6!? ':d7 17 'ίi'b5 'ifde achieved an equal position. However, the latest analysis shows that White can obtain a positional adνantage by playing 17 ttJxc5 ttJxc5 Ι θ b4!.

Anyway, Timman tries something else. He sends the knight to the side of the board so as to force his opponent's bishop away from the b 1-f5 diagonal, allowing the rook to move to bl.

Ι 3 ttJh4?! j.d7 14 ':ab Ι ':fe8 Ι 5 b4

15 .•• .Le3!

16 fxe3

This exchange sacrifιce highlights the un(ortunate position ο( the knight οη h4 and White's broken pawn structure. Instead a standard developing move such asd~ .. ':ace would lead to a disastrous position (or Black after 16 bxc5 'ifa5 17 c6 (obviously, not 17 ':xb7, because ο( 17 ... ttJxc5) 17 ... j.xc6 Ι θ dxc6 ':xc6 19 'iνb5 'iνxc3 20 'i'xb7.

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Heroes and Zeros 41

The alternatiνe continuatior\ -1:~bxc5 %:ιχc3 17 cxb6 %:ιχc4 Ι θ j.xc4 axb6, can't satisfy White.

16 ... cxb4 17 'iνf4

17 ... 'iνc5

18lbe4

This is better than (7)liJd Ι 'iνd6 Ι θ e4 11ce when Black has an edge.

White could haνe complicated the situation by playing Ι θ j.xa6 bxc3 ([~ .. bxa6 19 'iνxb4 'iνxθ3+ 20 ~h Ι a5 21 .b7 11ce with mutual chances) 19 j.xb7 11eθ 20 'iνd4 .a3, and it's hard to predict the outcome of the game.

18 ... lbxe4 19 'iνxe4

Timman aνoids @)'iνxf7 +? ίη νiew of 19 ... Φhθ 20 'iνxd7 'iνxe3+ 21 Φhl 'iνxθ2 22 11bel 'iνd3.

19 ... :e82.9 .f4 'iνxe3+ 21 'iνxe3 11xe3 22 j.xa6 bxa6 23 %:ιχΜ :d3 24 11bf4?!

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42 Heroes and Zeros

24 :bS+ .tf8 25 ~f3 :xd5 26 :fb Ι looks a better chance for White. Ιη the game, White is forced to return the exchange.

24 ... :Xd5 25 1hf7 .tb5

26 :χι7+

Returning the exchange is the only way to continue resisting, otherwise the power ο! the bishops will destroy White's fragile position. For example, 26: Ι f3 .td4+ 27 Wh Ι .tf6! 28 :7xf6 :d 1+ 29 :fl .txfl 30 h3 rJJtg7 31 11(2.tc4+ 32 Wh2 :al wins.

26 ... Φχι7 27 :cl g5 28 ~o g4 29 ~h4

If 29 ~e Ι 11f5! 30 h3 g3 31 ~f3 :d5 wins.

29 ... Φf6 30 :c7 h5 31 11xa7 11dl + 32 ~ 11d2+ 33 rl;e3 :Xa2

34:b7

If 34 11c7 a5 35 :c5 .te8 wins.

34 ... :e2 + 35 ~4

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Heroes and Zeros 43

35 ... %:te4+!

The knight οπ h4 is sentenced to 'Iife ίπ prison'. Those who wouJd like to try 36 Φχθ4 ννίΙΙ soon realise that White's situation is hopeJess. The rest is just technique.

36 Φg3 %:te3+ 37 ~f4 %:te4+ 38 Φg3 %:te7 39 %:tb6+ %:te6 40 ':b7 ~d3 41 %:td7 ~b5 42 ':h7

42 %:tb7 ~θθ wins.

42 ... ~e8 43 %:ta7 %:te3+ 44 ~4 %:ta3 45 ':b7 %:ta4+ 46 Φe3 %:te4+ 47 Φd3 %:te7 48 %:tb2 ~b5+ 49 Φd4 %:te2 50 %:tb3

50 %:txe2 ~χθ2 5 J Φθ3 ~b5 52 ~d4 a5 53 'ίt'c5 a4 54 ~b4 ~θθ 55 g3 'it>e5 wins.

50 ... Φg5 51 g3 %:td2+

5 J ... :χh2 52 ':c3 ':d2 + 53 Φe4 :e2 + 54 ~d4 Φf6 55 %:tc5 ~eBwins.

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44 Heroes and Zeros

52 c,;tJe4 lIc2 53 c,;tJe5

53 llJf5 lIe2 + 54 lIe3 lIxh2 wins.

53 ••• lIxh2 54 lIc3 1Ie2+ 55 ~d4 1Id2+ 56 ~e4 1Ie2+ 57 ~d4

1Id2 + 58 ~e4 ~6 59 1Ic5 1Ie2 + 60 ~4

60 c,;tJd4 .te8 wins.

60 ••• .td3 ο-ι

Here White resigned ίη νiew of 61 1Ic6+ (61 1Ixh5? 1Ie4

mate) 61 ... 1Ie6 62 :χe6+ ~xe6 63 Φι5 il.e4 (maintaining the domination of the knight). 64 c,;tJxh5 a5 65 'iίt>χg4 a4.

The following spectacular game enriched the theory of the

currently popular 'Hungarian Variation" Until this game. it

had been considered that it gaνe Black suffιcient counterplay.

ΚaspMoν demonstrates that he has his doubts about that

νerdict. Adνocates for the νariation are still trying to repair

its damaged reputation.

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G. Κasparoν White

Ρ. Sνidler Black Hoogovens, Wijk aan Zee, 1999

Heroes and Zeros 45

Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 ltJf3 ~ι7 5 'iib3 dxc4 6 'iixc4 ο-ο 7 e4 a6

8 e5 b5

The starting point ο! the so-called 'Hungarian Variation'. White's reply is the most direct, attempting to control the centre.

8 ... ltJfd7 is also possible, although it's not as reliable for Black as the teχt. As an eχample Ι would lίke to give the following game, Bareev-Leko, Wijk aan Zee, 1995, 9 ~e3(~~1!> <1"" ι; \ (anyway) Ι Ο 'iί'b3 ltJb6 Ι Ι a4 ~e6 12 'iid Ι c6 (aiming to eχploit the d5 and c4 squares) 13 ~d3 (6 14 ο-ο ltJ8d7 15 ~e4 ltJd5 16 aχb5 aχb5 17 ltJχd5 cχd5 18 :tχa8 'ii'χa8 19 eχf6 eχf6 20 ~d3 "iib7 21 ~d2! (a wise clearance ο! the e-fιle, along with the idea to relocate the bishop οπ the a3-fθ

diagonal) 21 ... ltJb6 22 :te Ι ~d7 23 ~b4 :te8 24 h4 (another thematic middlegame method, pressurising the opponent's kingside) 24 ... :tχel 25 'iiχel 'iic8 26 'fke7 i-e8 27 h5 gχh5

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46 Heroes and Zeros

28 .i.c5 'ifd7 29 'ii'e2 4Ja8 30 .i.f5 'ίWc6 31 .i.e6+ and White

is winning.

9 'ifb3 4Jfd7

At fιrst glancε(9) .. .i.e6 looks attractive, but it ννίll be met with a queen 'sacrifιce' for three pieces: Ι Ο exf6! .i.xb3 11 Ιχg7 Φχg7 12 aχb3, which favours White.

10 e6 fxe6

11 .i.e3

Κasparov is not ίη a hurrγ to recapture the pawn οη e6-it

has been tried before ίη numerous games. Here's a good example: Κarpov-Κamsky, Elista FIDE World Championship

match, 1996: 11 'ii'xe6+ ~h8 12 'ίWe4! 4Jb6 13 'ii'h4 4Jc6

σ- :1.6 2.. 14 .i.d3! (ίΙ 14 .i.h6?! then Θ .. :Χf3! 15 .i.χg7 Φχg7 16 gχf3 4Jd4 17 0-0-0 c5 and Black's compensation is good enough) 14 ... ltχf3!? (1!3 ... 4Jxd4? is a mistake, because ο! 15 .i.χg6) 15 gχί) 4Jxd4 16.i.e4 .i.f5 17 .i.e3~~)(17 ... e5! 18 'iWxd8+ %:ιχd8 19 0-0-0 c5 20 Ι4!? b4 21 .i.xf5 gχΙ5 Stohl-Ruck, Hungarγ 1997) 18 .i.xd4 cxd4 19 %:ιd Ι %:ιc8 20 %:ιg Ι .i.f6

21 'ii'h6 .i.g7 22 'ii'h4 and a draw is unavoidable.

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Heroes and Zeros 47

Ι 1 .•. tiJb6 12 h4 tiJc6 13 h5

13 ... :xf3

The best counter-shot! Other possibilities don't look good '"' / "-,r ",1- for Black, e.g.\j3) .. tiJxd4 14 tiJxd4 ~xd4 15 hxg6 hxg6

(ι 5 ... ~xe3 16 gxh 7 + ~h8 Ι 7 fxe3 "if d6 18 tiJe4 with adνantage) 16:d Ι c5 Ι 7 ~xd4 cxd4 18 "ifc2! :f5 19 "ifd2 e5 20 "ifh6 "ifd6 21 ~d3 with adνantage.

14 gxf3 tiJxd4

15 :dl!

15 •.. c5

Θ~Χd4 15 hxg6 hxg6 16:d Ι is better for White.

Κasparov's analytical work ίη practice!

@.tiJxf3+? 16 ιιte2 tiJd4+ 17 i.xd4 i.xd4 18 hxg6 hxg6 19 "ifc2 ~g7 20 :g Ι wins.

16 ~xd4 cxd4

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48 Heroes and Zeros

''', (ι~) .. .i.χd4 17 hxg6 hxg6 18':g Ι "ίWθ8 19 .i.d3 wins.

17 hxg6 h6

18 ':h5!

17 ... hxg6 Ι β ':g Ι! lbd5 @ .. 'ii'eB 19 lbe2 'ii'fl 20 lbxd4 wins) 19 lbxd5 exd5 20.:χg6 e5 21 .td3 with advantage.

After the tournament, when we met ίη New York, Garry told me that he found this rook manoeuνre at the board. Άpparently', said Garry, 'the rook οη the fιfth rank prevents any Black counterplay. It's sort of a 'no-fly' zone', he joked.

G'j)'ii'c7 19lbe2 "ίWd6 20 lbxd4! .txd4 21 ':h4 "ίWθ5+ 22 ':e4 .txf2 + 23 Φχα wins; likewise Ι β ... Φh8 19 lbe2 e5

20 "ίWπ "ίWgB 21 'ii'xe7.

19 lbe2 "ίWxg6 20 ':h Ι

Mission accomplished, the rook returns to the fιrst rank ready to take control of the g-fιle.

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20 ... Φh8

Heroes and Zeros 49

20 ... .i.b7 21 :g Ι 'iif6 22 lLJxd4 .i.d5 23 'iie3 .i.xa2 24 .i.h3 wins.

21 :gl 'iif7

Ι! 21 ... 'iif6 22 :xd4 .i.b7 23 :dg4 .i.d5 24 'iid3 :g8 25 lLJf4 wins.

22 lLJxd4 lLJd5 23 'iid3 .i.d7

Instead, 23 ... e5 24 lLJxb5 .i.b7 25 lLJa3 lLJf4 26 'iie3 wins.

24 "ii'e4 :c8

Το a certain extent Black has been able to consolidate his position, but his king's vulnerability, along with the material and positional disadνantages, leaνe ηο hope for surνival.

25 .i.d3 lLJf6

Instead, 25 .. :l'g8 26 :g6lLJf6 27 "ίi'h4 'ίi'f7 28 We2 e5 29 :xh6+ .i.xh6 30 "ίi'xh6+ lLJh7 31 :h Ι exd4 32 .i.xh7 'iie6+ 33 'iixe6 .i.xe6 34 .i.f5+ Wg7 35 .i.xe6 wins for White.

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50 Heroes and Zeros

26 ii'h4 %tcS 27 lDe2! lDcιs

28 %tg6

28 •• :iVf8

If 27 ... e5 28 lDc3! i.c6 29 Wb4 wins.

Alternatively 28 ... i.e8 29 %txh6 +! i.xh6 (29 ... Φg8 30 i.g6 ii'xg6 31 %txg6 i.xg6 32lDd4 wins) 30 'ίi'xh6+ Φg8 31 Φd2 'ίi'g7 32 %tg Ι is the end.

29 'iVe4 'ii"

30 Φd2!

Or 29 ... lDf6? 30 IΣxf6; and 29 ... i.xb2 30 .:χe6! 'ίi'g7 31 ':g6.

Α beautiful fιnaJ touch. The king is secure ίη the centre of the

board as it makes way for the second rook to ίοίπ the attack.

30 .•• lDf6 31 'iWe3 ι-ο

Black resigned ίπ view of: 31 ... %th5 (31 ... IΣg5 32 %Σxg5 hxg5

33 IΣh 1+ Φg8 34 'iVxg5 wins) 32 %tdg Ι i.f8 33 lDf4 IΣh2 34

IΣ6g3.

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Strategy

Ιπ this chapter Ι give an overνiew of (ννΟ of the most popular

systems ίπ the Grίίnfeld, the Exchange Variation, and the

Classical ΟΓ i.f4 Variation. Ilay particular emphasis οπ the

kind of strategy that both sides employ.

Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 cxd5 lbxd5 5 e4 lbxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 i.c4 c5 8 lbe2 lbc6 9 i.e3 ο-ο

This is the starting point for the study of the Exchange

Variation, and really for the Grίίnfeld as a whole. Knowledge

and understanding of the main principles of this position are

essential if you wish (ο make progress. The fundamental

soundness of the opening is put (ο the test: White occupies

the centre.

White tries (ο maintain control over the centre, while Black

tries (ο attack it, and at the same time generate counterplay

οπ the queenside. Here, White's main option is:

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52 Strategy

10 ο-ο .iιg4

At top leνels this has taken over as the maίn lίne of the Grίinfeld. though the older move Ι O ... 'ί!ic7 remains popular. and there is also Ι O ... .iιd7!?-see 'Tricks & Traps·. as well as

the 'Details' chaρter. Α note about move order. Black could also play Ι O ... cxd4 11 cxd4 and only then Ι 1 ... .iιg4. and that

will transpose into the lines we are considering. however. by delaying the capture οπ d4. Black has more options ίπ the 'Seville Variation' -see later on.

ιι f3 tZΊa5

Aiming to force the bishop to give υρ its powerful position οπ the a2-g8 diagonal. At this point there are two main moves. either (Α) 12 .iιd3 ΟΓ (Β) 12 .iιxf7 +. We wiII analyse

both continuations:

(Α) 12 .iιd3

12 ..• cxd4 Ι 3 cxd4 .iιe6

Here is the fιrst critical point of the opening. Ιπ classic

Grίinfeld style. Black's pair of bishops take charge of the two

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Strategy 53

main diagonals: a2-g8 and al-h8 respectively. Now White has a choice: (ΑΙ) 14 1Icl (Α2) 14 d5 (Α3) 14 'ii'a4.

Kramnik. playίng White. ίη his 1998 match against Shirov. preferred the fιrst of these options.

(Α Ι) 14 1Ic Ι .txa2 Ι 5 'ii' a4

15 ••• .tb3

White sacrifιces the a-pawn. taking the initiative while Black's pieces are temporarily discoordinated. lη this position. 15 d5 has aJso been tried. but after Ι S ... .tb3 16 'ii'e Ι e6 17 'ii'b4 eχd5 18 1Ic5 .tc4! '9 i.χc4 lbχc4 20. ::Ιχd5 'ii'χdS! 2' eχdS lbχe3 22 1Ic Ι lbχdS 23 'ii'χb7 lbe3. Black has decent compensation.

Until 1994 everybody went for the recommended 15 ... .te6. ΗοννθνθΓ. since Anand demonstrated the teχt move ίη his game against Yusupov ίη Wijk aan Zee. 1994. it has taken over as the most popular line. lη that game. Black had the better position after Ι S ... .tb3 16 'ii'b4 b6 17 d5 'ii'd6!.

16 'iνM b6 17 i.g5

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54 Strategy

Κramnik deviates from the variation employed by Yusupov.

The bishop pins the e-pawn, and provokes the advance of

Black's f-pawn, which blocks the bishop οη g7,

17 ••• f6 18 ..tf4

Kramnik has also played 18 ..th4 ίη this position (Kramnik­

Shirov, Candidates match 1998), but couldn't prove White's

adνantage there either.

Ι 8 ... e5 19 ..te3

19 .i.g3!? exd4 20 tΔxd4 (5 21 ..td6 ..txd4+ 22 'iixd4 tΔb7

23 e5 has been suggested as an alternative. It's murky: White

has a strong central position, and Black's king is exposed, but

Black is stiII a pawn up, and if he can exchange pieces ννίΙΙ

stand weII. Practical tests are needed!

19 ... exd4 20 tΔxd4 ..tf7 21 ..ta6

The naturaJ continuation 21 %:tfd Ι would be met by 21 ... %:tc8

and Black is better. Therefore White wisely brings his bishop

to the a6 square, preventing his opponent's development.

21 ••• %:te8 22 %:tfdl

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Strategy 55

The opening battle is over and Black has, thus far, come through the complications unscathed. Ιπ this critical position, Black has a choice between two distinct paths. He could keep the queens οπ the board and continue the complications: 22 ... 'ίIfb8 23 ltJb5 (23 ltJc6 ltJxc6 241Ixc6 1Id8 25 :dc Ι 'ίIfe5 26 .i.c4 is better for Black) 23 ... .tfθ 24 ltJd6ltJb7 25 ltJxe8 .i.xb4 26ltJxf6+ Φg7 27ltJd7 'ίIfe8 28 .i.d4+ ~h6 29 .i.e3+ g5 30 .i.xb7 1Id8 31 .i.c6-unclear, has been suggested. Whether anyone is brave enough to test this is another matter. Alternatively, if you want to avoid this, then you may follow Shirov's pragmatic decision to trade queens, and keep a slightly better position after

22 ... 'ii'e7 23 'ίIfxe7 :Xe7 24 ltJc6 ltJxc6 25 1Ixc6

Here, ίπ the fιrst game of their candidates match from 1998, Kramnik and Shirov agreed a draw.

Let's return to the position after Black's 13 ... i..e6, and look at another alternative:

(Α2) 14 d5

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56 Strategy

This is a sharp and Controversial continuation.

White sacrifιces the exchange for a long-term initiative, relying οη Black's weakened kingside and misplaced knight οπ a5, This variation opens the doors οη an enormous

number of possibilities for both sides. LΠ this book Ι don't

want to get lost ίπ the deep forest of lines, but Ι ννίΙΙ indicate the most popular COntinuations. Ι leaνe it υρ to you to test other ideas. Let's proceed with the main νariation.

14 ... .i.xa Ι Ι 5 'iixa Ι f6 16 .i.h6

16 ... 1:te8

White has an interesting alternative to this main move, that is to centralise the queen immediately: 16 'iid4 .i.f7 (16 ... .i.d7

17ltJf4!? 'iic7 18 'iib4 b6! 19 'iixe7 :ae8 20 "b4 ltJb7 with an unclear game) 17 .th6 :e8 18 .i.b5 e5 19"f2 :e7 20 .i.e3 :c8 21 .txa7ltJc4 22 .tc5 :ec7 with balanced chances, Gligoric-Portisch, Nice 1974

lπstead, 16 ... :f7?? would be disastrous: 17 dxe6 'iixd3 18 eχf7+.

However, 16 ..... b6+ 17 'ith Ι .td7 (Shamkovich) returning the eχchange, deserνes attention. (Incidentally, 17 ... :fd8

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Strategy 57

didn't work out well for Black ίπ Bronstein-Boleslaνsky, candidates play-off match, 1950: Ι θ .ttb Ι 'ilYc5 19 j.d2 b6 20.1b4 'fic7 21 1:tc Ι 'fib7 22 'fib Ι with a winning position

forWhite.)

17 .ttbl a6!

18 'fid4

Aiming to reactiνate the knight with ... b5 and ... tίJc4.

The queen centralises, coνering the important g l-a7 diagonaJ, as well as forcing Black to retreat the bishop.

18 •.• .1" 19 Ι4 1:tc8 20 f5 b5 21 fxg6 hxg6 22 a4 tίJc4!

Black has been able to consolidate his pieces, and now, by deliberately sacrifιcing a pawn οη the queenside, he obtains a

solid position-and he is stiII the exchange υρ.

23 axb5 axb5 24 :Xb5 tίJe5

(analysis by Shamkoνich). The knight has reached an excellent outpost, and Black can breathe more easily. Ι would

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58 Strategy

14 ••. a6

recommend you test your technical skills by practising this

position. It is also worth looking at the νariations beginning with 16:b ι, 16"iί'b Ι , and 16 Wh Ι ,

We return again to the critical position after 13 ... i.e6 to

anaJyse ΟΠθ more possible continuation for White:

(Α3) 14 "iί'a4

White intends to play d5 and to sacrifice the exchange

anyway, but ίπ this case he is trying to find a more actiνe

position for his queen.

It seems illogical to chase the white queen with L1 ... i.d7.

After 15 'ifa3 e6 16 J:.ac Ι b6 17 :fd Ι, White has the better

prospects.

15 d5 b5!

This is the best reply. White has a chance for a nice miniature

after 15 ... i.d7 16 'ifb4 i.xal 17 .tb6! winning material, and

the game.

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16 Wb4!?

Strategy 59

It is worth testing the position after 16 Wa3!? For instance, L6 ... .Jtxa Ι 17 %:ιxa Ι iιd7 18 e5 e6, with a sharp game ίη prospect.

16 ... iιxa Ι 17 ':xa Ι iιd7

It would be interesting to trγ 17 ... %:ιc8, but Black should be ready to meet a possible attack after 18 tDd4 i-d7 19 h4. Is the attack really dangerous? As far as Ι know, ηο one has tested it yet ίη tournament praxis.

18 'iνd4 ί6 19 e5 fxe5

Νονν 19 ... ':c8 is bad because of 20 e6 iιe8 21 i-h6 tDc4 22 iιxf8 Φχf8 23 a4.

20 "ifxe5 Wb8!

This last moνe deserνes attention. It is imperatiνe that Black fιnds counterplay ΟΓ his position could become hopeless. With that ίη mind, Black cannot afford the lυχυrγ of

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60 Strategy

waiting-he needs to coordinate his pieces at any cost.

Therefore this pawn sacrifιce was the οηlΥ good solution at this point.

21 'fIixe7 'ue8 22 'fIic5

Obviously not 22 'fIixd7?, because of 22 ... ,Uxe3.

22 ••• tLΊb7 23 'fIic Ι

Or 23 'iWd4 'fIie5. forcing a trade of queens, with the better endgame for Black.

23 ... tLΊd6 24 tDg3 ..tf5

25 'iid2!

Up until this moment we have been following a theoretical lίηθ, based οη the game Browne-Kudrin, US Ch. 1989,

There, the continuation 25 tDxf5 tDxf5 26 ..tf2 'iie5 favoured Black. However, after the text move, the position is still

complex. Both sides have chances.

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Strategy 61

Exchange Variation, Seνille Variation

Ι d4 lί)f6 2 c4 g6 3 lί)c3 d5 4 cxd5 lί)xd5 5 e4 lί)xc3 6 bxc3 j",g7 7 j",c4 c5 8 lί)e2 lί)c6 9 j",e3 ο-ο Ι Ο ο-ο ~ι4 Ι Ι f3 lί)a5

(8) 12 j",xf7 +

The so-called Seville Variation became popular after the

uncompromising and dramatic 1987 World Championship

battle between Anatoly ΚaΓpoν and Garry ΚaspMoν. ΚaΓpoν

employed this hitherto overlooked νariation to try to

undermine Κasparov's confιdence ίπ the Grϋnfeld Defence.

Since their match, the Seville Variation has been tested at aII

leνels by many prominent players and remains οnθ of the

most popular and exciting νariations for both sides. Ιη ουΓ

analysis we wiII refer to the games played by ΚaΓpoν against

ΚaspMoν, as weII as more recent games by other prominent

advocates of the Grϋnfeld Defence.

12 •.. :ΧΠ 13 fxg4 1Σxf1 + 14 ΦΧΙI

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62 Strotegγ

Α critical position has arisen where Black has a choice of continuations. Before we consider them, let me sketch out the strategy for both sides.

White is trying to prove that his centre is strong enough to withstand severe pressure. If the centre remains intact then

he can restrict the black pieces' mobility and quell counterplay. Οπ the other hand, Black is hoping to eχploit

the weakness of White's pawn structure. Relying οπ his g7 bishop and White's weak c4 square (thanks to the knight οπ

a5 and the absence of the light-squared bishops), he is going to start the battle ίπ the centre as quickly as possible.

Bearing ίη mind the strategic goals mentioned above, Black

has the following continuations aνailable to him:

(Β Ι) 14 ... cχd4 15 cχd4 e5;

(Β2) 14 ... cχd4 15 cχd4 'iWb6;

(Β3) 14 ... 'iWd6; (Β4) 14 ... 'iid7

Let's start with line (Β Ι), based οπ the game Kramnik-Shirov,

Candidates Match 1998.

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Strategy 63

(8 Ι) 14 ••• cxd4 15 cxd4 e5

This immediate counterthrust allows Black either to equalize the game after 16 dxe5 ~xθ5 17 'ii'xd8+ ':xd8 when White's doubled extra pawn is irreleνant; ΟΓ to employ a blockade using the knight's manoeuνre lba5-c4-d6.

16 d5lbc4

White has to decide what to do with his bishop. Many players prefer to aνoid an exchange of bishop for knight. For example, Seirawan, ίπ his game against Popoνich, Manila Olympiad 1990, did well after 17 ~α 1If6 18 Φg Ι :fθ 19 'ii' e Ι ~h6 20 lbg3 'ii' a6 2 Ι ..t.th Ι if a4 22 ~g Ι b6 23 'ii' c3 ':f7 24 ':b Ι ~d2 25 'ii'd3 'ii'xa2 26 d6!. Οη the other hand, Kramnik considered that Black's knight was annoying, and didn't hesitate to trade his bishop.

17 'ii'd3 lbxe3 + 18 'ii'xe3 'ii'h4 19 h3 .th6

The relocation of the bishop οπ g7 onto the h6-c Ι diagonal is quite common ίπ the Seνille νariation. We will see it repeated ίπ other lines. Now Black dominates the dark squares, which leads ΟΠθ to question White's decision to trade his bishop for the knight.

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64 Strategy

20'i'd3':f8+ 21 ΦΙL 'it'f2+ 22~hl 'i'e3!

Although the position ο( the queen, rook and bishop look impressiνe, ίπ reality there is nothing (or Black to attack. Therefore forcing the trade of queens is a good decision. Black's pawn disadνantage is well compensated by the pawn majority οη the queenside, as well as White's weak pawns οη a2 and e4. (Kramnik-Shiroν, 3rd game, Candidates match 1998).

Seνille Variation (82) 14 .•• cxd4 15 cxd4 'i'b6

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16 ~gl

Strategy 65

Unlike the previous νariation (Β Ι), Black prefers to delay the counterthrust .... e5, but sti/l keeps it ίπ his arsenal, giving priority to activating the queen.

Grandmaster Shamkovich suggested playing 16 ... e5 ίπ this position. His recommendation certainly deserνes attention. It is based οπ the fo/lowing lίne: 17:b Ι 'i'e6 (it looks logical to place the queen behind the pawn, not ίη front) Ι θ d5 'i'xg4 19 'i'd3 b6 with chances for both sides.

16 ••• 'i'e6 17 'iί'd3

Ιπ his book Beating the GrunfeId (Batsford, 1992) ΚaΓpoν wrote: Ί returned the pawn while keeping all ο! my positional trumps.'

17 ••• 'i'xg4 18 :fl :c8 19 h3 'i'd7 20 d5lDc4

21 ~d4

The same knight's manoeuvre as we wi/l see throughout this book.

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66 Strategy

50 far we have been foIIowing Κarpoν-ΚaspMoν, 9th game of their match ίη Seville, 1987, Ιη this position Κasparov continued 21 ... e5, and after 22 dxe6 'iWxe6 23 i.xg7 rt;xg7 24 lίJf4 'ifd6 25 'ίWc3 + rt;h6, White had aπ edge. However, it

seems that Black can do better than this.

21 ••• lίJe5 22 'Wb3 b5 23 lίJf4 lίJf3+

Α nice tactical shot.

24 'ίWxf3 i.xd4+ 25 Φhl 1:[f8 with chances for both sides.

15 e5

Seνille Variation (Β3) 14 ••. 'iWd6

Black maintains pressure οη the d4 square, combining it with an attack οη the h2 pawn.

White continues his strategy of limiting the power of the

fιanchettoed bishop. The downside of the e-pawn's advance is Black's domination of the triangle of light squares c4, d5,

e4, along with control of the f-file by the rook.

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Strategy 67

Some players feel uncomfortable giving away lίght-square control ίη the centre and play instead 15 'it>g ι. White takes care of his king, and is wiIIing to return an eχtra pawn to maintain a solid position ίη the centre. However, ίη this line

Black also has enough counterplay. The game may continue, for example, 15 ..... e6 16 'i'd3 cxd4 (the immediate

16 ..... xg4 favours White after 17 d5!) 17 cxd4 I:td8!? 18 g5 tbc4 19 ~α b5 with equal chances. However, Black could also foIIow 16 ... 'i'c4 17 'i'xc4+ tbxc4 18 ~α cxd4 19 cxd4 e5!? 20 d5 ~h6!? with a complex game (Κarpov-Κasparov, 11th W.Ch.1987); ΟΓ 20 ... tbd6 (Naumkin-Neverov, Moscow, 1989).

15 ••• 'i'd5 16 ~α 1:tf8 17 'it>g Ι ~h6

18 h4

Once agaίn, Black's bishop takes charge of the c l-h6

diagonal.

With the idea g4-g5, to lock out the bishop.

18 •• :iVf7 19 ~g3 ~e3 +

The bishop escapes! And the queen is coming too ...

20 'it>h2 'ίWc4! 21 I:tbl b6 22 :b2 "d5 23 'i'd3 tbc4

24:bl

Black has relocated his queen and knight so as to maintain

control over the light squares and keep the pressure οη

White's centre.

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68 Strategy

Up until this point we have been following another game (5th) from the Κarpov-Κasparov match ίη 1987. Then Κasparov played 24 ... b5. But later when analysing the position after White's 24th move, Garry discovered an impressive refutation: 24 ••. g5!! 25 ':dl gxh4 26 .i.xh4 .i.a 27 "ifh3 'ii'e4 28 .i.xe7 ':f7 and Black has a very strong attack. ΒΥ the way, if 28 ... 'iί'xe2?, then 29 "ii'h6 ':f7 30 "ii'g5+ ':g7 31 'ii'f4 ':xe7 32 "ii'g5+ ~f8 33 "ii'f6+ ~e8 34 'ii'c6+ ':d7 35 e6 lt!e5 36 exd7 + lt!xd7 37 "ii'f3 "ii'xf3 38 gxf3, and the game is even. (Κasparov)

The Iίne (84) 14 ••• 'ii'd7 is offered to readers as a test position ίη the Chapter 'Test Your Skill'.

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Strategy 69

Classical Line. 4 ~f4 System

The CΙassical, ΟΓ -4 ~f-4 System, has been regarded for decades as a solid and respectable νaήation for White. It has enjoyed a resurgence ίπ popularity ίπ recent years, so theory continues to deνelop.

Ι d4 lZΊf6 2 c4 g6 3 lZΊc3 d5 4 ~f4

White aims to control the h2-b8 diagonal, and specifically the

central square e5.

White delays the adνance of the e-pawn, maintaining the

possibility of adνancing the pawn to e4 ίπ ΟΠθ moνe (giνen the chance). Now Black has the choice of (Α) 5 ... 0-0 ΟΓ (Β) 5 ... c5. We will analyse both lines.

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70 Strotegy

61Σcl

6 ..• dxc4

(Α) 5 .•. 0-0

White develops the rook οη the c-fιle. combining with the bishop οη (4 to target the c7 pawn. The alternative continuation 6 cxd5lΩxd5 7lΩxd5 'ifxd5 8 j.xc7lΩc6!? gives Black the chance to sacrifιce the c7 pawn and seize a long-term initiative. For example. 9 lΩe2 j.g4 Ι Ο f3 1Σac8

Ι Ι lΩc3 'ife6 12 j.f4 j.xd4! (Black offers a piece to keep White's king trapped ίη the middle.) 13 fxg4 g5!? (Deflecting the bishop from the centraJ square e5.) 14 j.xg5 1Σfd8 15 'i'b3 'i'xg4 16 j.f4 e5 and the position is verγ complex. Chances are balanced. Of course. White could also play the orthodox 6 e3.

Instead, 6 ... c5 is possible, as occurred ίη Van Wely-Shirov, Wijk-aan-Zee, 1996, The game continued: 7 dxc5 j.e6 8 lΩd4 lΩc6 9 lΩxe6 fxe6 Ι Ο e3 'ίi'a5 Ι Ι 'i'a4 'i'xc5 12 i.e2 d4!? 13 exd4 lΩxd4 14 j.e3 1Σad8 15 ο-ο 'i'e5!? with an unclear position ίη which both sides can play for the win.

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7 e4

Strategy 71

Το justify his fιfth move, White pushes the e-pawn two

squares so as to gain control of the centre. Some players

prefer the more solid 7 e3. For example, just recently

Anatoly ΚaΓρoν employed this lίηθ ίη the rapid match against

Κasparov. Their game is defιnitely worth a look: 7 e3 .1e6

8 ttJg5 .1g4!? (Ιτ is more common for Black το play

8 ... .1d5-Babula-Κasparov, Prague 200 Ι , for example) 9 f3

.1c8 Ι Ο .1xc4 c6!? (This is certainly a novelty. lηstead, Ι 0 ... e6

Ι Ι h4 h6 12 ttJge4 ttJd5 Ι 3 g3 b6 14 .1b3 ltJa6 15 ~f2 .1b 7

16 'iie2 draw, Dreev-Sutovsky, Essen 2000.) 11 'iib3 e6

12 ttJge4 ttJd5 13 .1xd5 cxd5 14 ttJd6 ttJc6! 15 ttJxb7 'iih4+

16 .1g3 'ifh6! 17 ttJe2 .1xb7 18 'ilxb7 ltJaS 19 'ili'b4 ttJc4 20 Iιxc4, with an unbalanced position, Κarpov-Κasparov,

game Ι, rapid match, New York 2002.

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72 Strategy

7 ... c5

8dxc5

8 ... 'iWa5

Α thematic counterthrust, attacking the centre while White's king remains in the middle of the board. Black has two other alternatiνes at this point: a) 7 ... ~g4 and b) 7 ... b5!? (highly proνocatiνe). Let's briefly look at these:

7 ... ~g4 8 ~xc4 ~xO 9 gxf3 lDh5 Ι Ο ~e3 e6 Ι Ι lDe2 a6 12 lDg3 .h4, unclear (Shamkoνich-Grigorian, USSR 1973);

b) 7 ... b5!? 8lDxb5 lDxe4 9 ~xc7!? (9 lDxc7? is a mistake, because of9 ... e5!) .d7 10 ~xc4 a6 IIlDa3lDc6 12 ο-ο!

-'xc7 (12 ... lDxd4? 13lDe5!) 13 .i.d5lDf6 14 ~xc6 1%b8 15 lDe5! .a7 16 ~o ~b7 (16 ... 1%xb2? 17 lDc6 'iWd7 18, lDc4

1%b5 19 a4 winning for White) 17, lDac41lbd8 18 .b3 .i.xf3 19 .xf3 and White has the upper hand, Portisch-Tukmakoν,

Biel 1996.

If White had decided to play 8 d5, then Black refutes it with

8 ... b5! and after 9 e5 lDh5 Ι Ο ~e3 ~g4, he stands better.

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Strategy 73

Black prefers not to exchange queens, but instead keeps υρ the pressure οπ White's king.

9 e5 lίJh5!?

The knight not ΟΠΙΥ attacks White's bishop οπ f4, but also opens υρ his own dark-squared bishop.

Ι Ο ~e3 lίJc6 Ι Ι lίJd2

Aiming to eliminate the pawn οπ c4, but also threatening to trap Black's knight οπ h5 with the outlandish g2-g4. It leaνes Black with πο choice but to play ...

Ι 1 ••• lίJxe5 12 lίJxc4

$0 far we have been following the game Yusupov-Korchnoi, Horgen 1994. lπ this position Black decided to return his

queen to d8 and was a bit worse after 12 ... 'i/ί'd8?! 13 ~e2

lίJxc4 14 ~xc4 lίJf6 15 ο-ο 'ti'c7 16 h3 .td7 '7 b4. lπstead Black could play

12 .•• lίJxc4 13 ~xc4 lίJf6

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74 Strategy

The knight returns from the edge ο! the board aiming to jump into e4, but aIso g4 attacking the important bishop οη e3.

14 h3 lLJe4 and BIack has good prospects.

Now Iet's take a Iook at the other line:

(Β) S ... cS

Black does not wait, but strikes White's centre straightaway.

6 dxcS 'ίWaS

The same thematic queen manoeuvre as we have seen ίπ the previous νariations, pinning White's knight Το the king.

7 cxdS lLJxdS

Severe pressure οη the c3 square forces White to pIay ...

8 'ίWxdS .itxc3 +

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9 SΙd2

9 ••• SΙe6!?

Strategy 75

This is the οηlΥ move, tempting Black into continuing

9 ... SΙxd2?, which after Ι Ο 'iixd2 'iixc5 Ι Ι :c Ι 'ilf5 12 tbd4!

'ild7 13 'ilh6 tbc6 14 tbxc6 bxc6 15 'ilg7 gives Whίte aπ

obvious advantage (Timman-Littlewood, Holland-England

1969).

Black hopes that White will capture the bishop οη c3.

After Ι Ο iιxc3?! 'iWxc3 + Ι Ι 'iI d2 (Ι Ι bxc3 SΙxd5 is better for

Black) Ι 1 ... 'ilxc5 is equal.

10 'iixb7 SΙxd2+ 11 tbxd2 ο-ο!?

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76 Strategy

Another nice trick. If White is tempted by 12 lixa8?, then after 12 ... .:td8 (threatening mate οη d2) 13.:td Ι .tdS! White's queen is captured!

12 b4 'ifa4 13 e3!

13 .•• ~d7

14 a3

Speedy development is needed.

13 ... ~c6 is obviously bad, because of 14 .tbS.

Step by step, White secures his position, maintaining his material adνantage.

14 ••• .:tfd8 15 'ii'a6 'ii'c2 16 'ii'd3

Chasing Black's queen, attempting to trade it-White is, after a11, two pawns υρ.

16 •• :i!t'a4 17 'ίi'c3

Ιπ the absence of Black's dark-squared bishop, White's queen takes full control over the long diagonal and supports the

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17 ... a5!

18 b5!

Strategy 77

strong and mobile pawn chain οη the queenside. The only

question is--<an Black stir υρ trouble before White's king

reaches safety?

Black torpedoes White's pawn chain. This was all played ίη

the game Van Wely-Κamsky, Groningen 1995, which now

continued 18 %:ΙC Ι aχb4 19 aχb4 tίJf6 20 .tc4 .tχc4 21 'i!fχc4

tίJd5 22 %:ιb Ι 'i!fa2, and Black had just about enough activity

to hold the balance. However ...

According to my own analysis, after the b-pawn marches,

Black has ηο reaJ option but to sacrifice the knight.

18 ••• tίJxc5 19 'i!fxc5 %:ιac8 20 'i!fe5!

Again, back to the long diagonal. At this critical point White is

winning after 20 ... Ac2. because of 21 'ilr'e4 and the eχchange

of queens is inevitable; and after the more entertaining ...

20 ... hd2 21 ~xd2 'ii'c2 + 22 Φe Ι %:ιc5 23 'i!fd4 %:ιd5 24 .td3!

'ilr'b3 25 'ii'c4 'iVb2 26 %:ιd Ι

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78 Strategy

White is οη the way to consolidating the eχtra rook. Ι should

mention that Black can try to get compensation for the

sacrifιce of the two pawns ίη other ways, so take care if you

are playing with White.

This νariation is quite typical for the .i.f4 system against the

Grϋnfeld. As White develops the queenside early, his kingside

development has been neglected. Therefore Black tries to

create as much confusion as possible while White's king is

still ίη the middle. Sometimes Black has to throw ίη pawns

and θνθη pieces to keep the fιΓθ burning, while White tries

to keep control. This is the dynamic balance ίη operation.

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What~s Hot

When first examining an opening, it is impossible to consider all existing νariations from Α-Ζ. One would never get around to employing it ίη practical play. You have to take a view. It makes sense to study those lines that are currently fashionable at the top leνels of chess, for they are most often the systems that are repeated elsewhere. Whether it is a good thing to repeat the ideas of other players-no matter how strong these ideas appear-is another question. Yet it is undeniable that the top players influence opening fashion. Therefore, this chapter is devoted to some of the latest developments ίη the most hotly disputed νariations of the Grϋηfeld Defence. I'm sorry to say that Ι cannot always give definitive recommendations for you to use ίη your οννη games-not because Ι don't want to reveal any secrets, but because theory is still ίη a state of flux ίη these complicated lines. However, you ννίll still fιnd plenty of νaluable new ideas.

The two systems I'm featuring ίη this chapter are the Modem Exchange Variation and the Fianchetto Variation. The first game here is the encounter between Kramnik and Κasparov ίη the 2000 World Championship match.

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80 What's Hot

V.Kramnik White

G.Κasparoν Blσck

World Championship match, 2000

Ι d4 lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lίJc3 dS 4 cxdS lίJxdS 5 e4 lίJxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 lίJf3 cS 8 i.e3

The text was successfully employed by Κasparov himself ίπ the early eighties. Kramnik, along with many other grandmasters, mainly preferred θ ':b Ι at this point. The maίn idea of the text move is to support and strengthen the d-pawn, and to νacate the c Ι square for the rook.

This aggressiνe bishop's move has become popular ίπ recent years. Perhaps we should note that leonid Shamkovich wrote some time ago that: 'The deployment of the queen's bishop to g4 is not so good here, because of Ι Ο ':b Ι ! .txf3 11 ':b5 'iWd8 12 gxf3 cxd4 (or 12 ... lίJc6 13 ':xc5 ο-ο 14 h4! with the initiative, Saharinen-Lehte, correspondence, 1988) 13 cxd4 lίJc6 14 ':xb7 lίJχd4 15 i.xd4 'iWχd4 16 .tb5 + 'it>f8 17 'iWχd4 i.xd4 18 Φe2 and White is defιnitely better'.

Κasparov had already used 9 ... i.g4 ίπ his game against Yermolίnsky ίπ Wijk aan Zee ίπ Ι 999-successfully.

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10 :bl!

10 ••• a6

What's Hot 81

The text move not οπlΥ threatens to take the b7 pawn, but the c5 pawn as well after :b5.

Instead, Κasparov convincingly met Ι Ο :c Ι with Ι O ... ~xO! Ι Ι gxf3 e6 12 d5?! exd5 Ι 3 exd5 tLJd7 14 c4 'iWb6! 15 ~h3

(15 ~e2 'ii'd6 16 'ίtfl (5! 17 Φg2 ο-ο 18 ~f4 ~e5 19 ~xe5 tLJxe5 20 (4 tLJc6 21 :ce Ι tLJd4 with initiative Mirovshchikov­

Votaνa, Pardubice 2000) 15 ... f5! 16 ο-ο 'ilfd6 17 ~f4 i.e5 18 :fe Ι 0-0-0 19 ~xe5 tLJxe5 20 'iVc3 :he8 21 :e3 'iVf6 22 (4 tLJd7 23 ~g2 'iVxc3 24 :cxc3 tLJf6 25 iιf3 :xe3

26 fxe3 :d6 27 :a3 ..t>b8 28 :b3 :a6 29 a3 tLJe8 30 e4 fxe4

31 ~xe4 tLJd6, with good winning chances for Black ίπ view οί his superior pawn structure and strong knight against bad bishop, Yermolinsky-Κasparov, Wijk aan Zee, 1999.

ΒΥ the way, Ι Ο tLJe5?! is poor: Ι 0 ... ~xe5 Ι Ι dxe5 tLJc6, with

the idea ... :d8, gaining the initiative.

Ι Ο :b Ι was fιrst employed by Timman against lνanchuk ίη Linares ίπ 1992. Ιη that game White was afraίd to take οπ b7,

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82 What's Ηοι

11 %:txb7!

perhaps because it was unknown territory. Instead Timman

played Ι Ι %:tb3 and the game continued Ι 1 ... b5 12 d5?!

(12 dxc5!? is preferable) 12 ... tLJd7 13 c4 b4! 14 'iWc2 'fIc7 15 tLJd2 tLJb6 16 (4 a5 17 ~d3 a4 18 1:ιb Ι g5!? with an

unclear game ίη which White probably risks more than Black.

The curious Ι Ι %:tc Ι was also played recently: Ι Ι ... ~xO

12 gxf3 e6 13 d5 exd5 14 exd5 ttJd7 15 c4 'iWb6 16 ~e2

0-0-0 17 ο-ο 'iWc6, and Black is fιne, as ίη Cheparinoν­

Arkhangelsky, Mondariz, 2000.

It is strange that until this game ηο one had tried to play the

obνious moνe and take the pawn. Either they trusted

lνanchuk's analysis ΟΓ they weren't looking deeply enough.

It is also possible that facing this νariation somebody wiII haνe

the courage to test Ι 0 ... b6!? instead of Ι 0 ... a6, with the

foIIowing ίη mind: Ι Ι %:tb5 'iWa4 12 dxc5 ο-ο.

11 ... i.xf3

This is the correct decision as Black is aίming to take control

of the d4 square. Ι 1 ... tLJc6 12 i.c4 only transposes, as

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What's Hot 83

12 ... 0-0 13 .td5 ':ace 14 ο-ο .txf3 15 gxf3 cxd4 16 cxd4 'iWxd2 17 .txd2 lbxd4 18 .tb4! is a worse version of the endgame for Black.

12 gxf3 lLΊc6 13 .tc4!

13 ... 0-0

This is the most precise move. allowing White to continue his development and at the same time creating the threat of .tc4-d5.

13 (4 ο-ο 14 .tg2 would be inferior as Black has 14 ... .:fbe. gaining the initiative. White's idea is becoming clear. Although d4 faJls. he still has an active pair of bishops and a rook οπ the 7th rank.

Here Black could have tried a highly provocative move: 13 ... e6!? although White gets the better game after 14 ο-ο! (14 e5 cxd4 15 cxd4 'iWxd2+ 16 ΦΧd2 .txe5!-with the idea to fork οη a5-17 dxe5? 0-0-0+; ΟΓ 14 .txe6lLΊdS! 15 .td5 lbxb7 16 .txb 7 ':be 17 j.c6 + Φe 7 Ι θ ο-ο cxd4 19 .txd4 .txd4 20 'ilfxd4 'i'g5 + 21 ~h Ι ':hde 22 .td5 is equal) 14 ... cxd4 15 cxd4 'iWxd2 16 .txd2 lLΊxd4 17 Φg2.

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84 What's Hot

14 ο-ο

Alternatively, 13 ... cxd4 14 cxd4 'iVxd2+ 15 ~xd2 ttJχd4 16 f4 tt)f5!? 17 1:Ib6 tt)xe3 18 Wxe3 a5 19 .i.b5 + Φf8 20 1:Id Ι is aJso better for White.

Another precise move from Kramnik. White creates a serious positional threat-to play d5. The loss of the pawn οπ c3 is irreleνant. 14 .i.d5 1:Iac8 15 .i.xc6 1:Iχc6 16 ο-ο

(16 Φe2 1:Ifc8!) 16 ... cxd4 17 cχd4 'iVxd2 18 .i.xd2 .i.xd4 191:1xe7 1:Ic2 and White can't save his extra pawn, so the game is equal.

14 ... cxd4 Ι 5 cxd4

15 ... .i.xd4!

Black re-establishes material balance. However, as White has

two bishops and an active rook οη the seventh rank, there is

πο doubt who stands better. We can conclude that White's opening has been a success, and that Black must fιght hard if

he is to save the position.

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16.td5!

16 •.. .tc3

17 'ii'cl

What's Hot 85

Instead of the game continuation. Black would get a poor endgame after 15 ... 'ii'xd2 16 .txd2 tL\xd4 17 'it>g2. It is unfortunate for Black that the attempt at perpetual check after 15 .. :ii'h5 does not work because of 16 .td5 'ii'xf3 17 :cl!.

The best reply for White. If instead Ι 6 .th6 .tg7 Ι 7 .td5 .txh6 18 'ifxh6 tL\d4 19 'ii'e3, Black can hold using the trick 19 ... tL\f5! 20 'ifg5 (20 _b3 :ad8!) 20 ... e6 21 .tb3 h6 22 _f6 tL\g7.

Aνoiding an unpleasant endgame after 16 ... "ifxd2 Ι 7 .txd2 :fc8 (Black would not get enough compensation for the exchange after 17 ... tL\e5 18 .th6 e6 19 .txfθ exd5 20 f4 tL\f3+ 21 Φg2 dxe4 22 .tb4) 18 f4! e6 19 .tb3 :a7 20 :xa7 tL\xa7 2 Ι f5!.

Here White had seνeral plans. for example: 17 'ife2 tL\d4 18 .txd4 .txd4 19 :xe7 'ii'd8! 20 :χΠ!? :χΠ 21 :d Ι :c8! 22 :Xd4 :c Ι + 23 :d Ι Φfθ! and the game looks equal.

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86 What's Hot

17 ••• lDd4

Or, 17 "iνc2 ':ac8! 18 ~xc6 (18 ~b6 "iνa3! 19 'iWc Ι ~b2!)

18 ... %lxc6 19 :Xe7 and White is winning a pawn, but has ηο time to consolidate his pieces: 19 .. :iνh5 20 "iνd Ι g5! (with the idea to relocate the rook οη h6) 21 (4 "iνh3! 22 fxg5 .:ιc7!

23 'iWd6 (23 :xc7? is dangerous because of 23 ... i.e5) 23 ... .:.xe7 24 'iWxe7 'iWg4+ 25 'itih Ι "iνf3+ with perpetual check.

The idea behind Ι 7 'iWc ι is Ι 7 ... %lac8 Ι 8 ~b6 'iWb4 Ι 9 a3! "iνb2 20 'iί'xb2 ~xb2 2 Ι a4! and White will soon get a passed pawn οη the queenside.

18 i.xd4 ~xd4 19 %lxe 7

Ιπ winning a pawn, White has had to go into a position

where there are bishops of opposite colour--giνing Black

drawing chances. Ιπ such positions one of the most important factors is the actiνity of your pieces. Therefore Black's next moνe is the best reply, aiming to trade the actiνe

rook and so relieνing unpleasant pressure from the pawn οη

f7.

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Whαt's Hot 87

19 ••• :a7! 20 :xa7 Jι..xa7

21 f4!

Now Black's intention is to build υρ a battery οη the b8-h2

diagonal with a direct threat to White's king.

White cannot aIIow BIack to establish a dark-square

blockade.

21 ••• 'ίWd8 22 'ίWc3 Jι..b8 23 'ii'f3

It was also possibIe to play: 23 'ίWg3 'ii'd6 24 f5 'ii'χg3 + (24 ... 'ίWf6 25 f4 pIanning 'ii'g5 with compIete domination)

25 hχg3 gxf5 26 eχf5 ':d8 27 Jι..b3 ..tg7! (27 ... :d2 28 ':c ι

Jι..a7 29 f6! targeting the f7 pawn.) 28 ':c ι ..tf6. White has

simίlar technical probIems to the game.

23 ••• 'ii'h4 24 eS gS!

With this energetic counter-punch BIack destroys White's

stronghoId ίη the centre, giving Iife to his bishop and

renewing the pressure οη the b8-h2 diagonal. It Ieaves White

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88 What's Hot

πο other choice but to head for an endgame. After aJl, the position is still favourable for him.

25 1:te Ι 'iνxf4 26 'ii'xf4 gxf4 27 e6 fxe6 28 :Ιχe6 Φι7 29 :Xa6

29 ... :Ιf5

30~e4

At this point eχperts considered that the game was going to end as a draw. It is undeniable that White has an eχtra pawn, and that Black's position has its shortcomings (the weak pawn οπ h7 and the bishop without an outpost). However, the eχistence of bishops of opposite colour gives Black chances to hold the game-if he can manoeuνre his rook onto the second rank and the bishop onto the a7-f2 diagonal.

If 29 ... %ιdθ 30 %ιa5 ~c7 31 1Ib5! (31 1Ia711χd5 32 1Iχc7+ Φg6) 31 ... 1IbS 32 ~b7, with the idea of a4 and bringing the king to f3.

If 29 ... f3, then both 30 1Ia3 and 30 1IaS leaνe White with the better position.

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What's Hot 89

30 ... .:.e5?!

Α mistaken manoeuvre as White would actually lίke to play f3. Therefore Black loses a tempo. 30 ... .:.b5 would have given more chances for a draw: 31 a4 (31 Φg2 ':'b2 32 ~f3 .i.e5 33 ':'a7 + ~f6 34 .i.χh 7 .:r.χf2 +! 35 ~χα .i.d4 + 36 <;t>f3 .i.χa7 is a draw) 31 ... .:r.b2 32 a5 .i.e5! 33 ':'a7 + Φf6 34.:r.χh7 .i.d4.

31 f3 ':'e7?!

Again, it would have been better to have the rook οπ the second rank: 31 ... .:.b5! 32 a4 (32 Φg2 ':'g5+ 33 c.t>fl .:r.h5 leads nowhere) 32 ... .:.b2 33 a5 .:r.a2! White's king is confined to the back rank.

32 a4 ':'a7 33 .:r.b6!

33 .:r.χa7 +? .i.χa7 + is a clear draw: 34 ~g2 .i.b6 35 Φh3 h5 36 'ίttg2 Φf6 37 Φfl Φe5 38 .i.g6 h4 39 Φg2 .i.d8.

33 ••• .i.e5 34 ':'Μ .:r.d7

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90 What's Hot

35 ~g2!

Avoiding an elegant trick: 35 a5? i.c3 36.ua4 1:.d 1+ 37 ~g2 1%.a Ι , forcing a rook exchange and with it a drawn ending.

35 •.. 1%.d2+ 36 ~h3!

36 ... h5

The white king starts its journey. emphasising its superiority over its counterpart.

Seeing that it was hard to stop the passed pawn, Black declines to go ίη for the usual method of defence, namely putting the rook behind the pawn. Nevertheless: 36 ... 1ιa2!? might have been better: 37 1%.b7 + (37 ~ι4 .uxh2 38 Φf5 1%.b2!?) 37 ... ~f6 38 1%.b6+ ~g7 39 1%.a6 h5.

37 I:[b5 ~6 38 a5 .ua2 39 1%.b6+

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What's Hot 91

39 .•• rJte7?

Α simple blunder, although Black's position is difficult. White would still need precise technique to ννίη after: 39 ... rJtg7

40 a6 .td4 41 1:.g6+ (41 1:.d6 .te3 42 rJth4 .:ta5! is similar) 41 ... Φf8 (41 ... rJtf7? 42 .:td6 .:ta4 43 .:txd4 wins) 42l:!.e6 .:ta5,

White is pressing to ννίη, but it is still unclear whether he can break Black.

40.td5 ι-ο

Ιη view of 40 ... .:txa5 (40 ... .:te2 41 .:te6+ rJtd7 42 a6 wins)

41 .:te6+ rJtd7 42 .:txe5 rJtd6 43 .:txh5 .:txd5 44 .:txd5+ 'iftxd5 45 rJtg4, Black resigned.

After this game, Garry did not risk playing the Grϋnfeld again ίη the match. We spent much time trγing to repair Black's

opening, but to ηο avail, so Garrγ took a pragmatic decision and switched to the more solid Queen's Gambit Accepted ίη

reply to Ι d4.

Even a year after his title match with Kramnik, when Garry

had had time to reflect and analyse at length, he mentioned

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92 What's Ηοι

to me that he still could not fιnd a completely satisfactory answer to θ ... .tg4 9 %:r.b Ι .

What then should Black play against the Modern Eχchange νariation? Many Grandmasters, including Κasparov himself,

suggest sticking with the more classical move B ... lbc6, tried

and tested ίπ practice for many years. Υου might well ask, 'Why didn't Garry try this ίπ the London match?' The answer

is that he felt that considerable time would have been needed to check aJl the lines before playing θ .. . lbc6, and he was already using υρ too much analytical energy ίπ trying to break down Kramnik's Berlin Defence.

This recent game, from the 35th Chess Olympiad ίπ Bled,

2002, confιrms Κasparov's later recommendation of B ... lbc6. Ι personally believe that the line played by Black ίπ this game is reliable.

J.Marcos White E.Sutovsky BIack

Bled Olympiad, 2002

Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 lbf3 .tg7 5 cxd5 lbxd5 6 e4 lbxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 .te3 'ilfa5 9'ΊlVd2 lbc6

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10 ':cl

What's Hot 93

The position displayed ίπ the diagram is a perfect illustration of Black's opening strategy: immediate pressure οη White's centre, with crossing laser beams from the queen and bishop cutting through the position.

Ιπ previous years White has also tried to play Ι Ο ':b Ι. Tukmakov-Romanishin, USSR Championship, 1981, continued Ι 0 ... cxd4 Ι Ι cxd4 'ii'xd2 + 12 Φχd2 ο-ο 13 d5 ':d8 14 iLd3 lba5 15 Φe2 f5!? (a thematic counterthrust) 16 ':hcl b6 17 ':c7 fxe4 18 iLxe4 iLa6+ 19 Φel iLb7, with mutual chances.

Ι 0 ••• cxd4 Ι Ι cxd4 'ii'xd2 + 12 <it>xd2 ο-ο 13 d5

13 ••• ':d8

14 Φel

If 13 iLb5, then 13 ... f5!.

Nowadays, contemporary players use this paradoxical king manoeuvre without a second thought. I'm sure many have

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94 What's Hot

forgotten how this move stunned the professional chess

community when it was first played ίη the elite Soνiet Championship, Moscow, 1981.

The 18 year-old future champion Garry Κasparov, playing against the eχperienced Grandmaster Oleg Romanishin,

removed his king from the ρίη, placing it back οη its starting square. Ηονν is White going to release his rook οη h Ι? It was the first question ίη the press-centre. But while Romanishin

was thinking how to reply, it became apparent that Black needs to play precisely to avoid a bad position. Thus, the natural 14 ... lί:Ίe5 15 lί:Ίχe5 .tχe5 16 f4 .tg7 17 Φα, ΟΓ

14 ... lί:Ίb4 15 .td2, are both bad for Black. Therefore Black

has only one decent move at his disposal.

14 ... lί:Ίa5 Ι 5 .tg5

15 ••• .td7

Again, this move has Κasparov's trademark from the game

against Romanishin. Against aJternatives, Black gains the upper hand: 15 .tb5 f5! ΟΓ 15 ':c7 e6 16 .tg5 :d7.

Now Black departs from the original game, where

Romanishin preferred 15 ... .tf6. Then followed: 16 .td2 b6

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What's Hot 95

17 ':c7! .i.g4 18 i.a6 e6! 19 tLJg5! i.e5 20 ':'xf7! exd5 21 f4! .i.g7! 22 f5! and White had good winning prospects. The text move is aπ improvement, offering a poisoned pawn οη e7.

16 .i.d3 f5

As we have already seen, this method of attacking White's centre is quite staπdard ίn many lίnes of this νariation.

17 tLJd2 ':dc8 18 Φe2

Now the rooks are connected.

18 ... e6 19 h4 exd5 20 exd5 ':e8 + 21 Φf3 ':e5

Black doesn't waste time, but attacks the pawn straightaway. White has nothing better than to sacrifιce the exchange, relying οη the strength of his passed pawn to give him compensation.

22 ':c5 b6 23 ':xa5 bxa5 24 i.c4 ':c8 25 ':b Ι

White hits the seventh. He must play as actively as possible to compensate for his material disadνantage.

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96 What's Ηοι

25 ... %le4 26 %lb7 .ta4

27 d6+

Obviously, not 26 ... %Σeχc4? lΔχc4 27 :Xc4 %Σχd7.

This leads to a forced variation where Black returns the

eχchange to stop the pawn promoting. However, the

resulting ending is simply good for Black. Unfortunately for

White, it is diffιcult to suggest an improvement.

27 ... l:texc4 28lΔxc4 .tc6+ 29 Φe3 .txb7 30 d7 %Σf8 31 g3

Prophylaχis for the coming endgame. ΒΥ positioning pawns

οη dark squares, Black's light square bishop ννίΙΙ not be able

to attack them. But White stiII faces a grim defence.

31 ... a4 32 .te7 lIa8 33 d8='fi+ :Xd8 34 .txd8 .td5

The theoretical battle is over. Thanks to the power of the

ιννο bishops and the eχtra pawn, Black has achieved a

winning position. The rest of the game is a good illustration

of winning endgame technique.

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What's Hot 97

35 Φd3 rM7 36 .tg5 'ίPe6 37 .tc Ι .te4+ 38 'ίPe2 .td5 39 'ίPd3 .te4+

Don't be confused, BIack is not going to reρeat the position three times. This is just a practicaI method of getting to the first time control.

40 Φe2 .tb Ι 41 a3 .tf8 42 .tb2 Ι4 43 Φ13 .ta2 44 tαιI2 .td5 +

45Φe2

Of course, not 45 ΦχΙ4? because of 45 ... .th6 +.

45 ... Φf5 46lb13 fxg3 47 fxg3 Φι4 48lbg5 h6 49lbh7 .113+ Ο-Ι

RecentIy, chess pIayers of aJI IeveIs have turned their attention to the fianchetto νariation. It is hard to say whether this is just fashion ΟΓ whether it's just a time-out from analyticaJ research ίη the other major Iines. NevertheIess, many new ideas have been generated ίπ this system.

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98 What's Hot

Υου might be surprised that Ι have preferred to feature a game played ίη a rapid time control rather than the slower

classical. The reason? The rapid chess format becomes more and more popular ίη modern competitions, and the speed of play perhaps demands an even more fundamental knowledge

of the opening than usual.

This game is played by one ο( the most devoted advocates of the fιanchetto variation (or White, former world champion

Anatoly Κarpov.

A.ΚaΓpov White ι.Smίrίη B/ack Russia vs The World, 2002

Ι d4 lLIf6 2 lLIf3 g6 3 g3 .i.g7 4 .i.g2 ο-ο 5 c4 d5 6 ο-ο

6 •.. dxc4

At this point Black has two continuations. The one played ίη

the maίn game by Smirin; and 6 ... c6. This alternative route is also well known to theory. The principal aίm ο( the move is

obvious-to support the pawn οη d5, and thus to maintain a

fιrm stance ίη the centre, using the symmetrical pawn structure.

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What's Hot 99

As an eχample, Ι would suggest an analysis of the game

Belyaνsky-Smirin. Noνosibirsk, 1995: 6 ... c6 7 cχd5 cχd5 ιr! Γ J 8 lΔc3 lΔc6 9 lΔe5 e6 Ι~H lΔd7 Ι Ι ~e3 lΔb6. (βΥ the way ίη the 13th game Κarpoν-Κasparoν. London-Leningrad,

W.Ch. match. 1986, βlack didn't lίke his opponent's knight οη

the e5 outpost, attacking it immediately with Ι 1 ... f6, and

after 12 lΔd3 lΔb6 13 ~Ω fS 14 lΔe5 ~d7 15 'ii'd2 lΔc8

16 'ii'e3 ~h8 17 :fd Ι lΔd6 18 b3 :c8 19 :ac Ι ~e8,

obtained a position with equal chances) 12 ~Ω lΔe7 13 :c Ι

(13 e4!?) ~d7 14 g4!? :c8 15 e3 (6 16 lΔd3 lΔc4 17 e4 dχe4

18 lΔχe4 lΔd5 19 'ii'e2 b6 20 (5! Φh8 21 (χg6!? (21 lΔg3!?)

hχg6 22lΔc3?!. Instead. playing 22 b3!? lΔa3 23, lΔd6 :χc Ι 24 :χc Ι lΔb5 25 lΔχb5 ~χb5 26 'ii'χe6 ~χd3 27 ~χd5 :e8

28 'ii'c6. would haνe left White with the better position.

7 lΔa3 c3 8 bxc3 c5 9 e3 lΔc6 Ι Ο 'ii'e2 ~f5

11 ••• 'ii'a5

White obtained a faνourable position after Ι O ... 'ii'a5 Ι Ι ~b2

lΔd5 12 :'fcl ~g4 13 h3 ~χO 14 ~χf3(iid~14 ... lΔb6! ('f'!~ was better) 15 lΔc4 'ii'a4 16 lΔd2, Akopian::-Κasparoν, Ljubljana, 1996.

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100 What 's Ηοι

Κarρoν repeated the same Iίne against Judith Polgar ίη this tournament. lηstead οί the text move, she preferred to place her queen οη the b6 square. The game continued: Ι 1 ... 'ii'b6 12 ~fd2 cxd4 Ι 3 cxd4 :acB 14 h3 :fdB 15 ~db3 ~fe4 16 .i.b2 g5 17 g4 .i.g6 Ι β ~ac4 'ii'b5 19 .i.fl ~cb4! 20 ~bd2~~d6?)<20 ... 'ii'a4! was much better. Here White has a nice tactic) 21 ~c4xd6 'ii'xe2 22 ~xcS!! 'ii'xfl + ®.'ii'xdl 23 ~xe7+ Φf8 24 ~xg6+ wins) 23 ~xfl :xcB 24 :ac Ι, with a clear adνantage to White.

12 .i.b2 :fd8 13 ~d2 cxd4 14 cxd4 .i.g4 Ι 5 f3 .i.e6 16 ~b3 .i.xb3 17 axb3 'ii'b4

Smirin demonstrates his novelty. It is likely that ΚaΓρoν was relyίng οη a game played by his long-time second, Grandmaster Podgaets. There Black played 17 ... ~d5 Ι β (4 ~c3 19 .i.xc3 'ii'xc3 20 ~c4 'ii'b4 21 .i.xc6 bxc6 22 ~a5 :acB 23 'ii'c4 'ii'b6 24 b4, and White had a favourable ρosition, Podgaets-Lerner, Moscow, 2002.

18 :d3 :ac8 19 ~4 'ii'bS

;OΊe4

Although this move looks very attractive, aiming to gain control over the centre, it has a downside, because it makes

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Whαt'$ Hot /0/

the d4 pawn weak. It might be better to consider here the more solid 20 (4.

20 ..• ltJd7 21 :ad Ι

White again played a logical. natural move ίn order to coordinate his pieces. Nevertheless it would be interesting to see what Black had ίn mind if White were to choose instead: 21 .th3. For example. the game could continue 21 ... e6 22ltJd6!? ltJxd4 23 .txd4 .txd4+ 24 Φh Ι iib4 25 :ad Ι iixd6 26 Axd4 iie7 27 iid2 Ac7 28 e5, and it seems to me that White has good prospects.

21 •.. ltJb6 22 .th3 Ac7 23 ltJxb6 iixb6 24 iif2 e61

Νονν, because of the weaknesses οη d4 and b3, White is going to have diffιculty saving his position.

25 f4 Acd7 26 e5 ltJb4 27 A3d2 ltJd5 28 :d3 Ac7 29 .tg2 .tf8 30 g4 ltJb4 31 :3d2 Adc81

Black has shifted his rooks onto the open c-fιle, and is ready to invade.

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/02 What's Hot

32.ite4

The immediate 32 f5 looks better.

32 •.. l2Ja2 33 f5! 'ίi'xb3 34 :d3

If 34 :al, then 34 ... l2Jc3.

34 ... l2Jc3 35 .itxc3 :Xc3 36 ~ι2 b5 37 d5

Hey, what else White απ do?

37 ... .itc5 38 'ίi'13 :Xd3

39 :xd3?

Of course, it's a blunder. The continuation with 39 'i'xd3 'ii'b2 + 40 :d2 'ii'xe5 41 dxe6 fxe6 42 fχg6 would have given more practical chances to save the game.

39 ... 'i'b2+ 40 'it>h3 exf5 41 gxf5 'i'xe5 42 :d2 .itd6 43 :e2 :c3 44 .itd3 'ίi'f4 45 'ii'e3 h5 46 Φι2 'iνM2+ 47 Φf"1 'ίi'hl + 48 ~ .itc5 Ο-Ι

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Tricks and Traps

The games featured ίη this chaρter are all fairly short. They demonstrate the kind of traps that it is possible to fall into ίη the Grϋnfeld-when playing with White ΟΓ Black. The opening abounds ίη treacherous middlegame positions and sharp tactics.

This fιrst game demonstrates what can happen if White takes lίbertίes with his development. I'm grateful for the winner's comments.

V.Doroshkeνich White B.Gulko BIack USSR Championship, 1975

Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 lbf3 J..g7 5 'iWa4+ J..d7 6 'iWb3 dxc4

7'iWxc4

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104 Tricks and Traps

It iS,tempting to take the pawn οη b7, but it is better not to, as\?)li'xb7 would be met by 7 ... lΔc6, and Black is better.

-"",_ .. _--~

\7 ... .i.c6!?) '---•.. __ . -'--- ... ,_.-

8lΔe5

'Τhίs avoids transposition to the well-known theoreticalline 7 ... 0-08 &4, although it is interesting here to test the energetic move 8 ... b5!?: (Gulko).

'Instead, Ι would prefer to play the solid 8 .i.f4!?, but my opponent Was trying to get the maximum from the position that had arisen.' (Gulko)

8 ••• 0-0 9 .i.g5 .i.d5 Ι Ο "'d3?!

lo ... lΔc6

11 e3

It would have been better to play Ι Ο lΔxd5 lΔxd5 11 lΔf3! lΔc6 12 e3 "'d6 13 l1d Ι, with a slightly better position for White.

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11 .•• tDb4

Tricks and Traps Ι 05

The careless 11 e4? would permit a tactical shot-II ... ~xe4! However, White should consider Ι Ι a3!? preventing the knight jumping to b4.

Now the complications begin. ΒΥ the way, Ι 1 ... iιxg2? 12 iιxg2 tDxe5 Ι 3 'ii'b5 didn't look at all good for Black.

12 'ii'd2 c5 13 dxc5 iιxa2?

14 tDd3?

Ί must admit, this combination isn't correct ίπ all Iίnes. It would have been better to play 13 ... 'ii'c7, with the initiative.' (Gulko).

'ΜΥ opponent didn't fιnd the refutation at the board.

Later analysis showed that 14 iιxf6 'ii'xd2 + 15 <it>xd2 :'fd8 + 16 tDd3 iιc4 (16 ... tDxd3 17 iιxd3 iιc4 18 iιd4!) 17 iιχθ7 iιxd3 18 iιxd8 :'xdB 19 iιxd3 tDxd3 20 ..te2, and so οπ, would have given White a solid adνantage.'

14 ... tDxd3 + 15 'ii'xd3 iιe6 16 'ii'b5 a6!

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106 Tricks and Traps

The start of White's troubles.

17 'iί'M a5! 18 'ii'a3

18 ... liJd5

19liJxd5

Replying Ι θ 'ii'b5 would lead to the same kind of positions.

Uncovering the deadly Grϋnfeld bishops.

Ι nstead , 19 %:ιdl ~xc3+! 20 bxc3 'iί'c7, wouldn't be any better for White.

19 .. :iixd5 20 ~xe7 %:ιfd8!

21 ~xd8

Despite the fact that White was able to take control over the dB square, Black's domination of the d-fιle means much more than the sacrifιced exchange.

If 21 ~d6, refusing to accept the exchange sacrifιce, then Black had prepared the aggressive 21 ... b5!.

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Tricks and Traps /07

21 •.. :Xd8 22 'iixa5

'The νariation 22 ~e2 'iid2+ 23 ~fl ~χb2 24 'iiχa5 ~χal 25 'iiχal 'ifc2 is losing. White has ηο defence against the threat 1:r.d8-d2-e2.' (Gulko)

22 •.. ~xb2 23 ~c4 'ifxc4! 24 'ifxd8+ ~ι7 25 1:r.bl

If 25 1:r.d Ι ~c3+ 26 1:r.d2 'iia6!.

25 •.. ~c3+ 26 Φdl 'ifa4+

27~cl

'White has an unpleasant choice of checkmates. For instance. 27 'iί>e2 'ifc2+ 28 ~ "f5+ 29 ~e2 ~c4+ is nice too.' (Gulko)

27 ... ~B ο-ι

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108 Tricks and Traps

LΠ this next game Black falls into a positional trap.

A.ΚaΓpoν White G.Κasparov Black World Championship match, Leningrad 1986

Ι d4 lDf6 2 c4 g6 3 1Dc3 d5 4 lDf3 J..g7 5 'iWb3 dxc4 6 'iWxc4 ο-ο 7 e4 J..g4 8 J..e3 lDfd7

This is the fιrst critical position of the Smyslov Variation of

the Russian System. At this point White has a choice to play

one of four popular continuations: 9 %:ιd Ι, 9 J..e2, 9 0-0-0,

and 9 'ii'b3. lπ this game ΚaΓpov chose:

9 %:ιd Ι lDc6 Ι Ο J..e2 lDb6 Ι Ι 'iWc5 'iWd6 12 e5

Κarρov commented οπ his move: Ά paradoxical decision, at

fιrst sight. White not οπlΥ leaves his pawn οπ e5 hopelessly

weak, he allows a queen exchange too. But it is not as simple

as all that.'

12 ... 'ii'xc5 13 dxc5 lDc8

~')Dd7? is bad, because of 14 h3! J..xf3 15 gxf3!, aiming to e I .. j

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14 h3!

Tricks and Trαps Ι 09

ννίη a piece with 16 f4, ίη case one of Black's knights grabs the pawn οη e5.

This position also occurred ίη the 15th game of the same match, when Κarρoν preferred to plaY~-4)lΔb5. It allowed Black to equalise with 14 ... :b8! 15 lΔxc7-e6! 16 lΔb5 lΔ8e7 17 :d2 b6 18 cxb6 axb6 19 ~g5 lΔf5 20 b3 h6 21 ~f6 ~xf3 22 ~xf3 lΔχe5.

14 ... ~xf3 15 ~xf3 ~xe5 16 ~xc6 bxc6 17 ~d4 ~f4 18 ο-ο

This θΓΓΟΓ costs Black the game. It is true that the key to Black's defence is the redeployment of the obstructive knight οη c8. The correct method was later demonstrated ίη the game Κarpov-Timman, Tilburg 1986 ίη which the ~utch grandmaster found a better, more central, route for the knight: 18 ... e5 19 ~e3 ~χe3 20 fχe3 lΔe7 21 :d7 lΔf5 22 :Xc7 :fc8! and the game was soon drawn.

19 :fel a4 20:e4

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ι ι Ο Tricks and Traps

Now White has a clear positional advantage.

20 ••• .i.h6 21 .i.e5 a3 22 b3 lΔa7 23 %:ιd7 .i.c Ι 24 :Xc7 .i.b2

25lΔa4!

Black's pieces are completely discoordinated, which gives White the green lίght to launch his attack.

25 ... lΔb5 26 %:ιχc6 %:ιfd8 27 %:ιΜ! %:ιd5 28 .i.g3

Avoiding the trick 28 lΔxb2? %:ιχeS! 29 %:ιχeS axb2 30 %:ιe Ι

lΔc3, and all of a sudden Black is winning.

28 ... lΔc3 29 lΔxc3 .i.xc3 30 c6 .i.d4 31 %:ιb7 ι-ο

Ιη view of his inability to prevent the pawn's march to the

eighth rank, Black resigned.

Later, Κasparov learned to tackle the Russian System ίη a

different way, with the so-called 'Prins νariation' (7 ... lΔa6). As we saw ίη the chapter 'Heroes and Zeros', it is, highly

complex. Here, Anand is caught completely off-guard, and swept off the board.

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y'Anand White G.Κasparov Black Siemens Giants, Frankfurt, 1999

Tricks and Traps 111

Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 lbf3 i.g7 5 'ifb3 dxc4 6 'ii'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 lba6 8 i.e2 c5 9 d5 e6 Ι Ο ο-ο exd5 11 exd5 i.f5 12 J:.d Ι t~13 d6 J:.ad8 14lba4 'ii'c6!? ιr- 1(2.

15 i.e3

An unusuaJ geometry has appeared οη the queenside (White's queen and knight οη c4 and a4, versus Black's queen and knight οη c6 and a6 respectively). With his last move, Black accommodates the queen οπ a spot where it controls numerous key squares; and it targets the passed pawn οπ d6.

White's alternatives don't look any better: 15 lbe5 We4; ΟΓ 15 'ii'b5 i.c2! 16 'iί'xc6 bxc6 17 J:.e Ι (17 J:.d2 i.xa4 18 i.xa6 lbd5) 17 ... i.xa4 18 i.xa6lbdS, Ιη both cases, Black's prospects are better.

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ι Ι 2 Tricks and Traps

16 .•• J.d7!

This seemingly modest move is based οπ deep positional understanding. Practically, White has πο choice but to exchange queens, and after that Black's pieces coordinate ίπ full harmony. It is amazing how Black has already achieved the maximum from the position. From πονν οπ he just needs to demonstrate good technique ίη order to ννίπ.

Instead, 16 ... :xd6 17 :Xd6 "'xb5 18 J.xb5 lbxd6 19 J.xa6 bxa6 20 J.xc5 :d8 21 :d Ι J.c2 22 :xd6 :Xd6 23 J.xd6 J.xa4 24 b3 .tc6 25 .tc5 is a Iίttle better for White.

17 'i'xc6 .txc6 18 .txa6

Ι nstead , 18 lbc3 .txc3 19 bxc3 lbxc3 20 .txa6 lbxd Ι 21 :xd Ι bxa6 22 .txc5 .txf3 23 gxf3 1:td7; ΟΓ 18 .td3 .txa4 19 .txe4 .txb2 20 .txb7 .tχal 21 :χal :Xd6 are both winning for Black.

18 ..• .txa4

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Tricks and Traps 113

19 i.xb7

Ι! 19 i.d3 ':xd6! 20 i.xe4 ':xd Ι + 21 ':xd Ι i.xd Ι , wins.

19 ..• i.xd Ι 20 i.xe4

Ι! 20 ':xd Ι ttJxd6 21 i.d5 ttJe4, wins.

20 ... i.xf3 21 i.xf3 i.xb2 22 ':d Ι i.d4 23 i.xd4

Ι! 23 i.f4 Φg7 24 <itfl Φf6, wins for Black.

23 ... cxd4 24 .:xd4 ':d7 25 h4 ':fd8 26 ':a4 ':b8! Ο-Ι

Threatening ... ':b8-b6xd6, to which there is πο defence. 50 White resigned.

The next game demonstrates an alternatiνe method ο! tackling the CΙassical Exchange Variation-one with plenty ο! opportunities for White to go wrong.

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114 Tricks and Traps

ι.Κrush White

S.Matveeνa Black World Cup. 2002

Ι d4 tlJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tlJc3 d5 4 cxd5 tlJxd5 5 e4 tlJxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 i.c4 c5 8 tlJe2 ο-ο 9 ο-ο tlJc6 Ι Ο i.e3

IO ... i.d7!?

This continuation is rather interesting. It diverts the game from the most popular. but well developed. Ι 0 ... i.g4 (see analysis ίπ the 'Strategy' chapter) and the old main line Ι 0 .. :ifc7. Now. instead of a competition ίη memory and tactical prowess. Black turns the game into an encounter where positional understanding comes to the fore.

Of course. this lίne has been tested before. for examyJ,e.

Arbakov-Kodrich. Bled 1995: 11 'ifd2 ttc8 12 ttac Ι ~a~ 13 i.d3 b5 14 i.h6 cxd4 15 i.xg7 rj;;xg7 16 cxd4 'ίIkb6 17 'iWb4 e6 18 h4 tlJc4 19 ttfd Ι ttfd8 20 h5 a5 21 'ii'b3 tlJd6. with an unclear position.

-- --.~

11 ttcl ttc8 12 'ifd2'a6!?' '-.. __ .. '

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13 d5?!

Tricks and Traps Ι 15

Another surprise. 12 ... 'iWa5 would be the usual move, with the likely cοntίnύatίοn 13 dS tlJeS 14 i.b3, Then Black

~9~ld h~ve ~~ide choic.e of, alternatives: β .. c4; 14 ... e6; 14:, .. 'ii'a6, ΟΓ 14 ... tlJg4. ..' .)

Instead, Matνeeνa plays a modest prophylactic move, passing the turn to her opponent. Most Iίkely Black anticipated meeting the standard development 13 ':fd Ι with 13 ... lίJaS 14 i.d3 "ιa4.

It seems to me that White should maintain her formation οη the fourth rank. This push gives Black an excellent outpost οη eS, and increases the power of the fιanchettoed bishop οη the long diagonal. It looks more logical to play 13 i.h6, forcing an exchange of dark-squared bishops.

13 ••• tlJe5 14 i.b3 c4 15 i.c2 e6!

Απ instructive illustration of how to attack and break White's centre.

16 i.d4 exd5 17 exd5 ':e8 18 ':fe Ι

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Ι 16 Tricks and Traps

18 ••• 'iVh4!

19 f4

Νονν it becomes clear why Black didn't deνelop the queen οπ a5, as usually happens ίπ the Grϋnfeld Defence. Black's strategy ίπ this game is to create threats οπ the kingside.

Perhaps White was still under the impression that her position permitted sharp and aggressiνe play. Instead, 19 'iWf4, offering an eχchange of queens, giνes White a solid position. If 19 ... i.g4, then 20 :l.b Ι ! faνours White.

19 ••. i.h6 20 i.f2?

White should play 20 :l.cd Ι and meet 20 ... 'iWg4?! with 21 h3 (21 ... tl)f3+? 22 Φf2) which is faνourable for White.

20 ... 'iWg4 21 i.g3

The alternatiνes 21 h3 tl)f3 + 22 'it>h Ι 'iih5; and 21 'it>h Ι

tl)f3! 22 gχO 'iWχf3+ 23 ~gl .th3 are losing.

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Tr;cks and Traps Ι Ι 7

21 ••• ~f5!

The outpost οη d3 is very appealing.

22 h3 'ii'h5 23 ~d Ι ?

This is a fatal mistake. Although White's position is difficult, it is still possible to resist by playing 23 d6 ίη order to vacate

the d5 square for the queen. (23 ... ~xh3 24 'ii'd5).

23 ••• ~xh3! 24 'ii'd4?

This loses immediately. After 24 ttJd4 ~g4, White is a pawn down with the worse position, but the game could go οη.

24 .•• ttJd3! 25 gxh3 ~g7! ο-ι

lη view of unavoidable materialloss, White resigned.

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/ /8 Tricks and Traps

This game is a good iflustration of the strategic importance of

the a Ι -h8 diagonal. For once, ίτ is Black that suffers from

poor development. I'm grateful το the winner for his

comments.

S.Palatnik White

ι.Stοhl B/ack Tallinn, 1986

Ι d4 lLJf6 2 lLJf3 g6 3 c4 i..g7 4 lLJc3 d5 5 cxd5 lLJxd5 6 g3 c5

Α thematic move, defιning Black's opening strategy. He is

going το exploit the power of his fιanchettoed bishop οπ the

al- h8 diagonal with support from the pawn οπ c5, knight οπ

c6, and queen οπ a5.

7 i..g2 lLJc6 8 ο-ο lLJxc3 9 bxc3

'White has thrown up a fragile barrier οπ the a 1- h8 diagonal,

and with his next move Black could have destroyed ίτ. After

9 ... cxd4 Ι Ο lLJxd4! lLJxd4 Ι Ι cxd4 i..xd4 (Ι 1 ... 'ίWxd4 12 11b Ι

ο-ο 13 i..e3 'ίWxd Ι 14 11fxd Ι is similar) 12 11b Ι, Black's attack

οπ the al- h8 diagonal has won a pawn. However, White

would have good play οπ the h 1- a8(!) diagonal.' (Palatnik).

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9 ••• 0-0

10 dxcS!

Tricks and Traps 119

Black is not tempted by the variation above and instead makes a useful developing move.

'Instead, Ι Ο e3 would make White's central position stronger, but the price would be the incarceration of the bishop οπ c Ι . Now after<Tδ) . .ixc3 Ι Ι .ih6 .ixa Ι 12 "1i'xa Ι, White takes ,f! -<ο control of th~ long diagonal and its dark squares. If ;@ .. "1i'xdl Ι Ι 1:ιχd Ι .ixc3 12 1:ιb Ι , the play οπ the long diagonal would

end-there would be nothing remaining οπ the diagonal for Black's bishop to attack. However White, whose pieces

would be better developed, would have easy targets.'

(Palatnik).

10 ••• "1i'aS~}ilbd4! ('Τ j_;r.

At this moment Black can win the exchange. However, after

Ι 1 ... "1i'xc3 12 lbxc6 "1i'xa Ι 13 lbxe7 + Φhθ 14 .ie3 "1i'xd Ι

15 1:ιχd Ι, White has strong threats, such as 16 lbxcS and

17 .ixb7. And the c-pawn supported by the two bishops

would give White an adνantage.

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120 Trίcks and Traps

11 ••• %Σd8

12.te3!

As Grandmaster PaJatnik pointed out: 'Throughout this entire variation the bishop οη g7 plays ηο active part'.

This move emphasises White's stronghold οη the outpost d4, which 81ack can't tolerate any longer. It doesn't look good for 81ack to play 12 ... lbxd4 13 cxd4 .txd4? 14 .txd4 e5 15 .tc3! .td7 13 'ii'b3. 8ut the other continuation selected by 81ack was also unfavourable.

12 .•• 'iWxc3 13 lbxc6!

Earlier ίη the game White offered a pawn sacrifιce, a lίttle bit later an exchange sacrifιce. 80th offers were declined by 8lack, but now he has ηο choice but to accept a queen

sacrifιce.

13 ... :Xdl 1411axdl

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Tricks and Traps 121

White's knight οη c6 is untouchable, because of 14 ... bχc6 15 J.χc6! (not 15 1:d8+?, because of 15 ... J.f8 16 J.h6 J.b7 and Black wins). Now if 15 ... 1:b8, then 16 1:d8+ J.f8 17 J.h6; ΟΓ 15 ... J.h3 16 J.χa8, and ίπ νiew of the combined threats to promote the c-pawn and to attack Black's king, White has a winning position.

14 ... J.f6 15 1:d8+ ~ι7 16 'ΔΧθ7

Threatening a cute mate with 17 1:gS!.

Ι 6 ... J.xe 7 17 J.d4 +

At this point ίπ his analysis ο! the game, Sam Palatnik said: 'Now tell me who owns the long diagonal?'

17 •• :ii'xd4 18 1:xd4 J.xc5 19 1:d8 ι-ο

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Test Your Skill

lη this chapter Ι invite readers to test their understanding of the Grίinfeld. There is a mix of positions to consider, some with tactical solutions, others involving strategic ideas. They are presented ίη order of difficulty-this is of course subjective!-with the easiest fιrst.

Position Ι

Black to play. This is a well-known theoretical position. White has just played the pawn to h3. Why is this a mistake?

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Test Your Sk.ill 123

Position 2

Black to play. White has just castled, ignoring that his pawn οπ d4 is hanging. Can Black take οπ d4, ΟΓ is the pawn

poisoned?

Position 3

Black to play. What should Black do about the threat to his

queen?

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124 Test Υου, Sk.ill

Position 4

White to play. Οη the last move Black played e ... tiJc6. Why is this natural move a mistake?

Position 5

White to play. Black has just played Ι 1 ... b6. Can White

capture the pawn οη c5? Or would that be too greedy?

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Test Your SkίII Ι 25

Position 6

Black to play. Which strategic plan would give Black the better chances?

Position 7

Black to play. Black stands better. Try to fίnd a tactical solution that takes his position from 'better' to 'winning'.

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Ι 26 Test Your SkiII

Position 8

BIack to pIay. Ηονν αη he create a winning position?

Position 9

White to pIay. BIack's pieces are discoordinated and his

kingside weak. Ηονν can White create a mating net?

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Test Your Skill 127

Position 10

White to play. Black's piece activity looks dangerous, but White has a strong move that turns the game ίη his favour.

Position 11

White to play. What would you do to break Black's defence?

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Ι 28 Test Your Sk.iII

Position 12

Black to play. Ιη this complex position, it looks as though

both sides are preparing for a long, uncompromising

struggle. However, it turns out that Black is already ννίηηίι

Ηονν?

Positίon 13

Black to play. Here's your chance to emulate the world's

no. Ι player. Ηονν did Κasparov continue the game?

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Test Your Skίll Ι 29

Position Ι 4

Black to play. The opening phase has been completed and a critical position has already been reached. Ηονν did Black continue (rom this position?

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130 Test Your Skίll

Position 15 Position 16

The next two positions are from a theoreticai line ίπ the

hotIy disputed PoIugayevsky Variation of the main line

Exchange Variation. As you may notice, the positions ίπ the

diagrams are aimost identical. The ΟΠΙΥ difference is the

iocation of BIack's rooks. Your task is to defιne the strategic

pIans for both sides ίπ these compIicated positions.

EssentiaIIy, you have to ask yourself 'What is the difference

between pIaying the king's rook ΟΓ the queen's rook to c8?'

PIease, don't be discouraged if you don't get this one

absoIutely right. This is more of an exercise ίπ how you go

about forming a plan. Having studied these positions,

Ι recommend that you look at the answers section, and then

go over them again.

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Test Your Skill 131

Position 17

White to play. There was one main νariation Ι left ίπ the 'Strategy' chapter. and that is the one Ι would lίke to eχamine here. Black's last move was 14 .. :ΊWd7. attacking the white pawn οπ g4. Your task. based οπ the knowledge Υοu'νe already gained, is to suggest the best continuations for both sides. Again. there is πο clear answer here, it is to a certain degree a matter of taste. but it is an eχcellent test ίπ analysing a position.

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Test Your Skill - Solutions

Posίtίon Ι

Ditz-Shamkovich, Merano 1985

Α quiet position but a deadly trap. White has played the

prophylactic moνe Ι h3?? and was immediately punished with

the combination: 1 ... liJxe4 2 'iWxe4 i.f5 3 'iih4 i.xb ι. This has occurred ίπ many tournament games-Galonska­

Timman. Dortmund 1988 is another example-so it may

occur ίπ one of your games. Remember this trick!

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So/utions /33

Position 2

Zisman-Roddi, USSR 1967

Capturing the d-pawn would be a mistake: 1 ... ttJxd4? 2 ttJxd4 ~xd4 3 ~M! 3 ~b5+ also wins. 3 •. :i'b2 If 3 ..... xbo4 4 "xdo4 and Black is losing ίπ view ο( the two fatal threats 5 "xh8 and 5 ~xΠ +. 4 IΣb Ι and the queen is trapped.

Posίtίon 3

ι ... "f3! 2 ο-ο 2 gxf3 ttJxf3 + 3 Φfι ~h3 mate is a very neat mate. 2 ••. "xe4 3 ~b5! IΣd8! 4 ttJc3 'Wh4 and Black not only saved his queen, but won a pawn «(rom analysis by Piotr Romanoνsky).

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134 Solutions

Position 4

Grϋnfeld-Νagy, 1924

Ι tbg5! .ΣΣd8 2 Sισ .ΣΣχd4 3 'ifb3! and Black resigned.

Position 5

Friedstein-Ragozin, Moscow 1957

According to my research, ηο one has since dared to take this pawn: Ι dxc5 bxc5 2 Jιxc5 Ψic7 3 Jιd4 e5 4 Sιe3 .ΣΣd8 5 'Wc2 Sιe6 6 :fd Ι tbc4 7 Jιxc4 Sιxc4. Black had suffιcient compensation for the sacrificed pawn. The positional sacrifιce of the pawn οη c5 is νery common ίη the Grϋnfeld.

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So/utions /35

Position 6

Gligoric-Smysloν, USSR-YugosIaνia, Kiev Ι 959

1 ... lba5 2 .i.d3 f5! 3 e5 c4! 4 .i.c2 lbc6 5 g4 lbe7 6 Φh2 "iWc6 7 lbg3 b5. Α Ρeήect eχampIe of the bIockade: White's

centre pawns are fιχed and ηο Ionger a threat. BIack pIants

the knight οη the d5 outpost, then estabIishes a passed pawn

οη the queenside by breaking with a timeIy .... b4.

Position 7

Ragozin-Botνinnik, USSR Ι 938

1 ••• :xf2! Αη eIegant and conνincing combination,

demonstrating the harmonious coordination of the bishop

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136 Solutions

pair with the rook and queen. Νονν if 26 Φχf2, then 26 ... 'iWd2 + 27 ..te2 (or 27 'i'e2) ..td4+. 2 11xa 'iWxc 1+ 3 ..tfl h5 4 "-f4 The threat ο! winning the exchange with 29 ... ..td4 leaνes White πο option but to trade queens. 4 ... 'i'xf4 5 11ΧΙ4 11d8 6 ..tg2 11d 1+ and Black has an easy win.

Position 8

Spraggett-Gavrikov, Barcelona, 1995

37 .•• b3! This is a perfect example ο! the method of clearance. Black sacrifιces a pawn so as to storm his opponent's position with all three pieces. The ίπνasίoπ of the rook οπ the fιrst rank penetrates White's vulnerable kingside. 38 axb3 ':al 39 'ίfί>h3 11gl 40 ..tg2 'iWe3 41 fxg6 f5! 42 'i'h4 'ίfί>xg6 43 11a2 'i'e5 Maintaining the battery οπ the weak g3 pawn, and guarding some important squares 'back home'. 44 ~h2 11b Ι 45 ~h3 c2 46 ..tf3 If 46 ':xc2, then

46 ... 11xb3, 46 .•• cl ='i' 47 ..th5+ 'ίfί>ι7 48 11a7+ ..tc7, cutting out the checks, so White resigned.

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Solutions 137

Position 9

Botνinnik-Yudoνich, USSR Ch. 1933

The piece sacrifice with 21 lΩeg5 + hχg5 22 lΩχg5 + Φg8 23 "iWχg6 is not correct, because of 23 ... :f6. Howeνer, 21 lΩh4! Now it is impossible to defend the g6 square, for example, 21 ... .:f5 22 g4; ΟΓ 21 ... a4 22 ':b Ι axb3 23 ':'xb3

"iWa2 24 ':b2 'iWa4 25, "iWb Ι, and Black is unable to exchange queens. 21 ... "iWe7 22lΩxg6! 22lΩg5+ hχg5 23lΩχg6 and 24lΩxfθ+ is also winning. 22 .•• Φχg6 23 ~h5+!! with

ineνίtable mate after 23 .. .'.ttxh5 24 ttJg3+ and 25 'iWe4+, etc.; ΟΓ 23 .. .'~h7 24lΩf6++, and 25 "iWh7 mate.

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138 Solutions

Pos;tion 10

Seirawan-Popoνic, Manila,I990

26 d6! ltJxd6 Alternatives are also insufficient, e.g. 26 ... .:.d7 27 'li'd5+ Φg7 28 ':'fl! ~f4 29 :Xf4! eχf4 30 tbf5+!! gχΙ5 (30 ... ~fθ 31 tbh6 Φg7 32 g5!) 31 ~d4+ ΦΙ8 32 'li'χfS+ ~g8 33 'li'g5 +, forcing mate. 27 'li'xd6 'ii'xb Ι 28 'li'xd2 a5 After 28 ... 'Ii'bS 29 h3 'li'd7 30 'li'c3 'li'c7 31 'ii'b3 White also stands better. 29 'li'd8+ Φι7 30 'li'g5 h6 Parrγing the deadlythreatof31 tbfS+. 31 'li'xe5+ Φh7 32 h3! This neat prophylactic move makes room for the king to break the ρίπ so that the bishop can take part ίπ the final attack. 32 ... ':'d7 33 tbh5! Another nice shot, forcing Black to resign.

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Solutions 139

Position 11

Yusupoν-Τukmakoν,

USSR World Championship Zonal, 1982

26 d6! Another eχample of this thematic pawn thrust. 26 ••• exd6 27 .i.d5 .i.xe6 lπstead, 27 ... :tb8 28 'ίWχa7 and Black's pieces would be paralys~d. 28 .i.xe6 'ii'e7 29 ':'bc Ι ':'ae8 30 .i.d5 Three pawns for the bishop ίπ this position is insuffιcient compensation considering that the bishop οπ d5 is such a powerful blockader. 30 ••• ':'c8 31 ':'c6 :Xc6 32 .i.xc6 h5 Απ attempt to give the king some room and for the bishop to enter the game, but it creates a fatal weakness. 33 'ii'a4 .i.h6 34 'ii'e4 Φh7 35 .i.a4! .i.f4 36 .i.c2! ~e6 37 .i.h4 Φg7 38 g3 .i.h6 39 .i.e7! lπ view of unavoidable materiallosses, Black resigned.

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140 Solutions

Position 12

Goglidze-Botνinnik, Moscow, 1935

23 ••• 'ii'c2! White cannot surνive. If 24 i.d Ι 'ii'χb Ι 25 :χb Ι lLΊc4, and both 26lLΊb3 1:tab8, ΟΓ 26lLΊχc4 i.χc4 27 1:te Ι

i.b4, lead to a hopeless position for White. 24 i.a3 i.xa3

25 :Xa3 'iWxe2 26 'iWxb6 ':'ab8 27 'iWd6 'WWxfl +!! It's aJways great fun to end with a 'grand fιnale'. 28 Φxfl 1:tb Ι + and White resigned ίπ view of mate neχt move.

Position 13

Ηϋbner-ΚasΡarον, Brussels 1986

Another tactical masterpiece from Κasparov. It is amazing how he manipulates his pieces so harmoniously, especially

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Solutions 141

around his opponent's king. 25 ... f3+! 26 gxf3 tίJf4+ 27 Φe3 :f6 28 i...xe 7 tίJg2 + 29 Φe2 :χο 30 i...d6 tίJf4 + 31 φ,1 tίJg4 32 :d2 :e8 33 tίJc4 tίJxh2 + 34 ~g Ι tίJg4 35 :fl i...d4 36 i...c5 :g3 + 37 Φh Ι :h3 + 38 <ίt'g Ι tίJh2 Ιη view of 39 ... tίJo mate, White resigned.

Position 14

Naumkiπ-Korchπoi, Saint Vincent Open 2003

Black surprised his opponent with a storming exchange sacrifιce. 19 .•• tίJxe5!? It is clearly bad for White to take the knight with 20 dxeS?, because of the simple 20 .. :iWxd2 21 i...xd2 :xd2 and Black wins. 20 i...xd8 :Xd8 Again, the knight οη eS is untouchable. 21 'iW14 tίJc4 The knight accommodates itself οη the 'traditional' Grϋnfeld square, c4. 22 h5 e5 The centre is burning! 23 dxe5 i...xe5 Black has suffιcient compensation for the exchange because of his control of the centre, domination of the bishop pair, and long-term initiative. 24 'iWh4 tίJd2 25 :al :e8 26 i...c2 i...b5 27 tίJg3 i...c6 28 hxg6 hxg6 29 :e Ι 'iWd5 and Black eventually capitalised οη his positional adνantage.

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142 Solutions

Position 15

With the king's rook οπ c8, the f8 square has been vacated for Black's king-a useful precaution ίπ case White should break through οπ the h-fιle. 13 ... 1:tfc8 is certainly preferable to 13 ... lIac8-as we shall see. 14 e5 Why does White play this move? Although it blocks out the dark-squared bishop, the pawn advance looks odd to me as Black can use the d5 square. However, many players deem this necessary. If White had played instead 14 h5 then Black counters ίη the centre with 14 ... e5! 15 d5 tίΊd4 as has occurred ίn many games. 14 ••• e6!? There is aJso 14 ... tίΊd8 15 h5 i.b5 16 i.xb5 'iί'xb5 17 hxg6 hxg6 18 'it>g Ι 1:txc Ι 19 tίΊxc Ι lbe6, as ίπ the game Polugaeνsky-Ftacnik, Haninge 1989, where White mistakenly played 20 'ifg4?, and after 20 ... 'iί'bl! Black had the better position. However, after 20 'iί'e4! White has good prospects. 15 lbg3 lbe7 Threatening the tactical shot 16 ... :xc4!. 16 ~g Ι i.c6 17 h5 i.d5 and by taking control over the outρost οπ d5, Black is clearly better.

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Solutions 143

Position 16

With the rook οη 18, Black must take great care, though θνθη here there might be suffιcient defensive resources. 14 h5 e6!? Instead, here are a couple of eχamples where it can go badly wrong for Black. Ιη both cases the losses are directly attributable to the cramped position of Black's king. 14 ... b5 15 i.b3 e5 16 hχg6 hχg6 17 dχe5 t'Δχθ5 18 lIχc8 i.χc8 19 ltJf4 i.b7 20 ltJχg6 ltJχg6 21 'iνh5 ι-ο, Dautov­Huzman, Kecskemet 1989. And 14 ... e5 15 hχg6 hχg6 16 d5 ltJd4 17 ltJχd4 lIχc4 18 lIχc4 'iνa6 19 'iνd3 eχd4 20 i.χd4 i.b5 21 'iνh3 i.χc4+ 22 Φg Ι f6 23 'iνh 7 + <j(;f7 24 IIh6 ι-ο, Polugayevsky-Kudrin, New York Open 1989. 15 hxg6 hxg6 16 e5 If 16 'iνd3, then 16 ... b5 17 i.b3 ltJb4 18 'iνd2 lIχc Ι 19 ltJχc Ι ltJc6 20 'iνd3 b4, with a favourable position for Black, Lputian-Dvoiris, USSR 1988. 16 ... ltJe7 1711ί'd3 IIfe8 18 i.d2 'iνa4 19 i.b311ί'a3! 20 'iνh3 i.b5 21 lIel 'iνb2! Black seeks counterplay οη the queenside and against White's king. 22 i.h6 The seemingly attractive 22 'iνh7 + Φf8 23 i.h6ltJf5! 24 .tχg7ltJχg7 25 ir'h8+ Φe7 2611ί'χg7 has a neat refutation: 26 ... 'iνχe2+! and Black is winning. 22 ..• ltJf5! 23 i.xg7 'it>xg7 Maintaining the threat 24 .. :ii'χe2+!. 24 'iνh7+ Φf8 and anything could happen. Α possible line: 25 'ii'h8+ Φe7 26 'iWf6+ Φd7 27 'iνxf7+ Φd8 28 'iνf6+ Φc7 29 i.xe6l1xe6 30 'ii'xe6 Φb8 31 Φg Ι 'iνd2 32 IIb Ι 'ii'xe2, It is still not clear who stands better.

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144 Solutions

Position 17

15 g5 ΚaΓΡov recommended pushing the g-pawn to blockade Black's kingside. There is aπ alternative plan available with the solid 15 h3. The pawn is protected, and White retains more lίght-square control. The game might continue as follows: 15 ... ttJc4 (one more example of the knight's relocation to the c4 square) 16 ~f2 cxd4 17 cxd4 e5 18 dxe5 ttJd2+ 19 'it>el as played ίη the game Yusupov­Popovich, Belgrade 1989. Then Black made a mistake: 19 ... ~xe5? aπd after 20 1Icl 1Id8 21 'ifc2! 'iff7 22 %:dl 11Ιθ 23 ~c5 1Ic8 24 1Ixd2 b6 25 1Id5, White won. Later, Artur Yusupov suggested 19 ... ~h6! 20 'ii'c2 %Σ.c8 21 'ii'b2 ttJxe4 22 'ifb3 +, when the outcome of the game would still be ίη doubt. 15 ••• %Σ.d8 It seems that this natural move, increasing the pressure οη the d-file, is Black's best reply. 16 Wg Ι e6 17 1Ib Ι tΩc4 Black has to stick with his strategy-the knight is οη c4! 18 ~α b5 19 'ii'd3 a6 20 a4 υρ to this point we have followed the game Gligoric-Popovich, Yugoslavia 1988. There Black responded 20 ... ttJe5, which gave White an advaπtage. However, instead he could have played: 20 ••• 'ifc6. Analysis shows that chances would then be equal.

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Details

(Ι) Ι d4 lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 f3 (diagram) 3 lίJc3 d5 4 f3 c5 5 dχc5 d4 6 lίJb5 e5 7 Jιg5 lίJbd7 8 e3 dχe3 9 lίJd6+ Jιχd6 Ι Ο 'ilVχd6 lίJe4 Ι Ι Jιxd8 lίJxd6 12 cxd6 'ίt>χd8 13 lίJe2 f5 14 lίJc3 b6 15 Jιe2 Jιb7 16 ο-ο lίJc5 17 b4 lίJe6°o Conquest-Stohl, Ostraνa 1994 3 ... d5 4 cxd5 lίJxd5 5 e4 lίJb6 6 lίJc3 Jιg7 7 Jιe3 ο-ο 8 'i'd2 8 f4 lίJc6 9 lίJf3 (9 d5 lίJα5 Ι Ο Jιd4 e5 Ι Ι be5 i.xe5 12fxe5'i'h4+ 13g3'ilVe7 14fkd4c5 15d6

cxd4 16 dxe7 1:te8t Kelecevic-Eidinger, Switzerland 1994) 9 ... Jιg4 10 d5 lίJa5 " Jιd4 e5 l2fχe5 'ίi'e7 13 Jιe2lίJac4 14 ο-ο Jιxf3 15 1:txf3 lίJxe5 16 1:tf2 c6°o Sorin-Minzer, Buenos Aires 1995 8 ... lίJc6 9 0-0-0 9 ... f5!? Sturua­Krasenkow, Batumi 2002 e5 Ι Ο d5 lίJd4 Ι Ι lίJb5 Ι Ι f4 Jιg4 12 1:te Ι c5 13 fxe5 Jιxe5 14 h3 Jιd7 15 lίJf3 lίJxf3 16 gxf3 iie7 17 h4 c4°o Sokolov­Krasenkow, Wijk aan Zee 2002 11 ... lίJxb5 12 Jιxb5 Jιd7 13 Jιe2 c6 14 dxc6 Jιxc6 15 iixd81:tfxd8= Z.Varga-Macieja, Budapest 1996

(2) Ι d4 lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lίJc3 d5 4 lίJf3 Jιg7 5 e3 (diagram) 5 cχd5lίJχd5 6 Jιd2 c5 7 1:tc Ι lίJχc3 8 Jιxc3 cxd4 9 lίJxd4 ο-ο Ι Ο e3 lίJd7 Ι Ι Jιe2 lίJb6 12 lίJb3 Jιxc3 + Ι 3 1:txc3 lίJa4 14 :d3 'ilVb6= Ivkov-Simic, Yugoslavia 19845 ... 0-06 Jιd2 6 b4lίJe4 (6 ... b6 7 Jιb2 c5 8 bxc5 bxc5 9 :c Ι cxd4 Ι Ο lίJxd4 e5 Ι Ι lίJb3 d4 12 exd4 exd4 13 'i'xd4 iixd4 14 lίJxd4 Jιb 7 15 f3 tΔa6 16 Jιe2 :ad8 Ι 7 1:td Ι 00 Petuγsson-Kudrin, Hastings t 986/87)

7 Jιb2 c6 8 Jιd3 lίJxc3 9 Jιχc3 dχc4 Ι Ο Jιχc4lίJd7 Ι Ι e4 lίJb6 12 Jιb3 Jιg4 13 ο-ο 'ii'd6 14 h3 Drasko-Gavrikov, TaIIinn 1985 14 ... Jιxf3!?= 6 ... e6 6 ... c6 7 Jιd3 dxc4 8 Jιxc4 Jιg4 9 'iνb3 Jιxf3 Ι ο gxf3 'ίi'b6 Ι Ι ο-ο 'ilVxb3 12 Jιχb3 lίJbd7 13 f4 :fd8 14 :fd Ι 1:tac8 = S.Mohr-Pribyl, Germany 1989; 6 ... c5 7

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146 Detαi/s

cxd5lba68 dxc5lbxc5 9 .tc4 .tf5 Ι Ο ο-ο ':c8 Ι Ι lbd4.td3 12 .txd3 lbxd3 13 __ e2 lbχb2 14 J:tab Ι lbc4;s Elson-Rychagov. Tallinn 1989 7 J:tc Ι fie7 7 ... b6 8 cχd5 exd5 9 b4 .tb7 Ι Ο i.d3 lbe4 Ι Ι ο-ο lbd7 12 b5 lbdf6 13 lbe5 a6 14 a4 aχb5 15 aχb5~ D.Gureνίch-Chudnoνsky. Chicago 1995 8 .td3 dxc4 9 .txc4 c5 Ι Ο ο-ο lbc6 11 dxc5 'ikxc5 12 lba4 'ife 7 13 .tb5 e5 14 .txc6 bxc6 15 'ifc2 .tg4 16 'ifxc6 :ac8 17 __ a6 :Xc Ι 18 .txc Ι .txf3 19 gxf3 e4 20 __ e2 exf3 21 __ xf3 lbe4 22 __ e2 'iVg5++ Liang Chong­Rubleνsky. China-Russia Summit 200 Ι

(3) Ι d4lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 lbf3 .tg7 5 e3 ο-ο 6 cxd5 lbxd5 7 .tc4 (diαgrαm) lbb6 7 ... lbxc3 8 bxc3 c5 9 ο-ο __ c7 10 fie2 .tg4 11 .ta3 lbd7 12 1Iacl 'ila5 13 .tb2 1:ιac8 14 a3 cxd4 15 cxd4 lbb6= Najdorf­Korchnoi. Hastings 1971/72 8 .tb3 lbc6 8 ... c5 9 dxc5 (9 ο-ο cxd4 Ι Ο exd4 lbc6 11 d5 lba5 12 :e Ι lbxb3 13 αxb3 .tg4 14 h3 .tx(3 15 "ikxf3 J:te8= Mikhaev-Notkin. Moscow 1995) 9 ..... xd Ι + Ι Ο i.xd Ι lb6d7 11 lba4 lba6 12 c6 bxc6 Ι 3 ο-ο lbac5 14 .tc2 lbxa4

15 .txa4 .ta6= Burmakin-Khalifman. St.Petersburg 1996 9 ο-ο e5 Ι Ο d5 lba5 11 e4 .tg4 12 h3 .txf3 13 'δ'χΟ lbac4 14 __ e2 lbd6 15 a4 a6°o G.Kuzmin-Epishin. USSR 1990

(4) Ι d4lbf6 2 c4 g6 3lbc3 d5 4lbf3 .tg7 5 e3 ο-ο 6 .te2 (diαgrαm) 6 ... c6 6 ... e6 7 ο-ο b6 8 cχd5 exd5 9 b4 i.b7 10 __ b3lbbd7 Ι Ι b5 :e8 12 a4 lbe4 13 .ta3 lbdc5 14 'ikb2 lbxc3 15 "xc3 lbe4 16 "b3~ Korholz­Pribyl. Poliska 1993; 6 ... dxc4 7 i.xc4 c5 8 ο-ο cχd4 9 exd4 .tg4 Ι Ο h3 .txf3 Ι Ι 'ikxf3 lbc6 12 d5 lbe5 13 'ife2 lbxc4 14 __ xc4 'ikd7 15 .te3 J:tfc8 16 'ikb3 lbe8= Μοηίη­Arbakov. Budaρest 1990; 6 ... c5 7 ο-ο cxd4 8

exd4 lbc6 9 h3 b6 Ι Ο lbe5 i.b7 11 .tf3 lba5 12 cxd5 lbxd5 13 i.d2 :c8 14 'ike2 lbxc3 15 .txc3 .txf3 = Polak-Gross. Czech Rep 1995 7 ο-ο e6 7 ... i.e6 8 cχd5 .txd5 9 'ikc2 i.χf3 Ι Ο i.xf3 lbbd7 Ι Ι :d Ι 'iVc7 12 e4 e5 13 d5 1:tac8 14 dxc6 __ xc6 15 i.e3~ Cνίtan-Torre. Νονί Sad 1990 8 b4 b6 9 a4 .tb7 10 i.a3 lbbd7 11 __ b3 :b8 1211acl :e8 13 1Ifdl a6 14 cxd5 exd5 15 __ a2 b5= Danielsen-Petursson. Vally 1994

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Details 147

(5) Ι d4 tLlf6 2 c4 g6 3 tLlc3 d5 4 tLlf3 iιg7 5 e3 ο-ο 6 iιd3 (diagram) 6 ••• c5 6 ... c6 7 ο-ο ~g4-Slav. Smyslov System 7 ο-ο 7 cxd5 cxd4 8 exd4 (8 ltJxd4 ltJxd5 9 tLlce2? %4 10 ~bl e5 11 tLlb3 "iixdl + 12 <J;xdl lΩ8c6 13 .i.d2 :Ld8 14 σ3 4Jd3 15 hd3 rhd3 16 Φc2 :d8 17 tLlg3 ~e6+ Haldemann-Tukmakov, Ζϋrίch 1997) 8 ... tLlxd5 9 .i.e4? (9 0-0=) 9 ... tLlf6 10 ο-ο tLlxe4 11 tLlxe4+ Wilman-Rowson,

Edinburgh 2000; 7 dxc5 dxc4 (7 ... "iia5 8 ο-ο dxc4 9 hc4 'i'xc5 = Bespalov­Vorobiov. Tula 1999) θ ~xc4 'i'xdl + 9 ΦΧdl tLlc6 10 a3 ~f5 11 Φe2 tLld7 12 tLlh4 tLlxc5 13 tL\xf5 gxf5 14 :d Ι e6 15 .i.d2 tLla5 16 ~a2 tLlab3+ Weil­Gutman. Giessen 1993; 7 tLlxd5 tLlxd5 8 cxd5 'ίi'xd5 9 e4 'ίi'd6 Ι Ο dxc5 "iixc5 Ι Ι ο-ο tLlc6 12 "iie2 .i.g4+ TugnareIIi-Bertaccini. Mar del Plata 1992 7 ••• cxd4 8 exd4 tLlc6 9 h3 tLlb4 Ι Ο ~e2 dxc4 11 .i.xc4 tLlbd5 12 :e Ι b6 13 ~g5 tLlxc3 14 bxc3 ~b7 15 'ii'd3 "iic7 16 tLle5 :ac8 17 :acl tLld500 Winiwarter-Weiss, Austria 1996

(6) Ι d4 tLlf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 ~g2 ~g7 5 cxd5 tLlxd5 6 tLlc3 (diagram) 6 .•• tLlxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 e3 ο-ο 8 ... tL\c6 9 tLle2 ~d7 10 ο-ο ':c8 Ι Ι dxc5 tLla5 12 ~a3 .i.b5 13 "iixd8 + :xd8 14 1:He Ι ~xe2 15 ':xe2 tLlc4 16 ~b4 a5= Hausner-Stohl. Ζιiη 1995 9 tLle2 tLlc6 Ι Ο ο-ο "iia5 Ι 0 ... cxd4 11 cxd4 ~e6 12:Lb Ι ~d5 13 ~xd5 'ifxd5 14 tLlc3 "ir'd7 15 'i'e2 nac8 16 ~d2 :fd8°o Dokuchaev-Makarov. Κazan 1995 11 a4

:d8 12 ':b Ι 'i'c7 13 tLlf4 cxd4 14 cxd4 ~f5 15 :b5 e5 16 tLld5 "iid7 17 dxe5 tL\xe5 18 e4 ~e6 19 ~g5;!; Korchnoi-Ma.Tseitlin. Beer Sheνa 1992

(7) Ι d4 tLlf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 ~g2 i.g7 5 cxd5 tL\xd5 6 e4 (diagram) 6 ••. tLlb6 6 ... tLlb4 7 d5 c6 8 a3 tLl4a6 9 tLlc3 ο-ο Ι ο tLlge2 cxd5 Ι Ι exd5 tLld7 12 ο-ο tLle5 13 h3 tLlc4 14 b3 tL\d6 15 ~f4 .i.d7oo Zaichik­Kudrin, Philadelphia 19937 tLle2 ο-ο 7 ... c5 8 d5 e6 9 ο-ο ο-ο Ι Ο tLlec3 tLla6 Ι Ι a4 exd5 12 exd5 .i.f5 13 tL\a3 tLlb4 14 ~e3 nc8 15 d6 .td3 16 a5 tLld7 17 ~xb7 :bB 18 a6°o Stohl-Ftacnik. Germany 1996; 7 ... tLlc6 8 d5

tLla5 9 ο-ο c6 Ι Ο tLlbc3 ο-ο J Ι b3 cxd5 J 2 exd5 ~g4 J 3 f3 ~d7 J 4 ~a3 :e8

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148 Detai/s

15 1:tc Ι e6;!; Obukhov-Kotsur. Kurgan 1994 8 ο-ο 8lΩbc3 c6 9 ο-ο e5 Ι Ο d5 cxd5 11 exd5 .i.f5 12 b3 'ii'd7 13 .i.a3 1:r.d8 14 1:r.e Ι lΩc8 15 'iid2 lΩd6°o Supatashvili-K.Urban. Yereνan 1996 8 ••• .tg4 9 f3 .i.d7 Ι Ο lbbc3 e5 11 dxe5 he5 12 .i.h6 .i.g7 13 'ii'cl lΩc6 14 .i.xg7 ~xι7 15 f4 f6 16 1:r.dl 'ii'e7 17 h3 1:tad8= A.Petrosian-Khachiyan. USSR 1991

(8) Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 .tg2 .i.g7 5 lbf3 (diagram) 5 ••• dxc4 S ... lbc6 6 cxd5 lbxd5 7 ο-ο lbb6 8 e3 e5 9 lbc3 exd4 Ι Ο exd4 ο-ο Ι Ι .i.gS .tf6 12 dS .i.xg5 13 lbxg5 'ii'xg5;!; Rechlis-Miles. Ostend 1993; 5 ... c5 6 cxd5 lbxd5 7 dxc5 'ii'a5 + 8 lbbd2 'ii'xc5 9 ο-ο lbb6 Ι Ο a4 lbc6 Ι Ι lbb3 'iihS 12 a5 lbc4 13 a6 'ii'b5;!; Lakic-Peroseνic. Yugoslavia 1994; 5 ... 0-0 6 lbc3 dxc4 7 "a4 lbfd7 8 'iixc4 lbb6 9 'ii'b3 lbc6 Ι Ο e3 .te6 Ι Ι 'ii'c2

.tc4 12 a3 e5 13 lbxe5 lbxe5 14 dxe5 Goy-Zagorskis. Cologne 1993 14 ... c6!?oo 6 'ii'a4+ 6lba3 c5 7 ο-ο lbc6 8 'ii'a4 cxd4 9lbxd4 'ii'xd4 Ι Ο :d Ι 'iig4 11 .i.χc6+ lbd7 12lbχc4 'iie6 13 .i.f3 ο-ο;!; Murdzia-Schmidt. Poland 1996 6 ••• lbbd7 7 'ii'xc4 lΩb6 8 'ii'c2 .i.f5 9 'ii'd Ι "c8 Ι Ο lbc3 ο-ο 11 ο-ο .i.h3 12 e4 .i.xg2 13 'iti>xg2 c5 14 d5 e6 Yermolinsky-Wolski. USA 1995 15 d6 lbfd7!?oo

(9) Ι d4 ttJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 ~ι7 4 .i.g2 d5 5 cxd5 lbxd5 6 lbf3 ο-ο 7 ο-ο lbc6 (diagram) 8 e4 lbb6 9 d5 lba5 Ι Ο 'ii'e Ι lbac4 Ι Ι ttJc3 e6 12 b3 'ii'f6 13 bxc4 'ii'xc3 14 'ii'xc3 .i.xc3 Ι 5 1:r.b Ι exd 5 15 ... lbxc4 16 .i.h6 .i.g7 17 .i.xg7 <l;xg7 18 1:t(c Ι !? exd5 19 exd5 lbd6 20 lbd4! .i.d7 21 1:txc7 1:tfd8 22lbe6+ .i.xe6 23 dxe6;!; Kίihn­Schmider Wuertemberg Ch 1988 16 cxd5 11e8 17 1:tb3 17 .i.d2 .tg7 18 11(el (5 19

ttJgS fxe4 20 .i.xe4 .i.h6 21 11bc Ι .i.f5 22 .i.f3 11χe Ι + 23 11xe Ι .td7 24 h4 11f8 25 .i.f4 .i.xgS 26 hxg5 c6 27 dxc6 .i.xc6 28 .i.xc6 bxc6= lIic-lνanov Saint John Open 1988 17 ••• .i.g7 18 11e Ι c6! 19 .i.f4 19 d6 .i.e6 20 :ίa3 lbc4 21 11d3 :ad8 22 :ed Ι = 19 ••• cxd5 20 exd5 .i.f5 21 .i.e5 .i.xe5 22 lbxe5 22 1:r.xe5 (6 23 :xe8+ :χe8= 22 ••• f6 23 lbd3 1:txel + 24 lbxel Φf7 25 f4 <l;e7 26 d6+ 'iti>xd6 27 .i.xb7 11e8 28 ~ lbc4+ Fominyh­Dvoirys. Russia Cup. 1996

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(10) Ι d4lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 ~g2 iLg7 5 lίJo ο-ο 6 cxd5 lίJxd5 7 ο-ο c5 8 lίJc3 lίJxc39 bxc3 (diagram) 9 ••• lίJc6 9 ... cχd4 10 lίJχd4 'it'a5 Ι Ι iLe3 lίJc6 12 'it'b3 'it'a6 13 1:tab Ι lίJχd4 14 cχd4 'it'χe2 15 'it'a3 iLf6 16 1:tfc Ι 1:td8= rl\!bli-Hellers, Tilburg 1993 Ι Ο e3 Ι Ο dχc5 (~~}.ΓP iLe3 iLχc3 12 1:tc Ι iLf6r '" 13 'it'b3 'it'a6 14 a4 'it'χe2 15 %:tfd t 'it'b2 t 6 'it'b5 a6 17 'it'b6~ Bakic-Rosic, YugoslaVia 1994 10 ... 'ίWa5 10 ... iLe6 11 ~a3 cχd4 12

lίJχd4 ~d5 13 iLχd5 'iί'χd5 14 'it'b3 'iί'χb3 15 aχb3 1:tfe8 16 :Hc Ι e6 Ι 7 Φf Ι lίJa5 18 iLb4 lίJc6 19 iLa3 lίJa5 20 iLb4 v'2-lh Akopian-Kuzmin, Dubai 2000 11 'ii'b3 'it'c7 11 ... 1:td8 12 lίJd2 cχd4 13 cχd4 'it'h5 14 iLa3 e5 15 d5 lίJa5 16 'it'a4 b6 17 iLe7;t Slipak-Becerra, Mar del Plata 1995 12 iLa3 b6 13 dxc51:tb8 14 :fcl iLe6 15 cxb6 axb6 16 'ii'b5 ~d7 17 'iί'c4 :fc8~ Ljubojevic-Topalov, Melody Amber, Monaco 1997

(11) Ι d4lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 iLg2 iLg7 5 lίJo ο-ο 6 cxd5 lίJxd5 7 ο-ο c5 8 dxc5 lίJa6 (diagram) 9 lίJg5 9 c6 bχc6 Ι Ο lίJa3 'iί'b6 Ι Ι lίJc4 'iί' c5 12 lίJfe5 ~θ6 13 'iί' a4 'it'b5 14 'it'χb5 cχb5 15 lίJc6 bχc4 16 iLχd5 iLf6 17 iLf3;t Zhelyandinov-Mikhalchishin, Ptuj 1993 9 ... lίJdb4 Ι Ο lίJc3 h6 Ι O ... 'iνχd Ι Ι Ι 1:tχd Ι lίJχc5 12 ~θ3 lίJca6 Ι 3 1:tac Ι lίJc6 14 a3 lίJc 7 15 b4 lίJθ6 16 b5 lίJcd4 Ι 7 lίJχe6 lίJχθ6 18 lίJd5;t Southam-Salem, Hundary

1996 Ι Ι lίJo 'ii'xd Ι 12 1:txd Ι iLe6 13 ~e3 lίJc2 14 1:tac Ι lίJxe3 Ι 5 fxe3 lίJxc5 16 b4 lίJa6 17 a3 lίJc7 18 lίJd4 iLxd4 19 exd4 1:tab8 20 lίJe4 lίJb5σo Izeta-Vakhidov, Moscow Olympiad, 1994

(12) Ι d4lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 ~g2 iLg7 5 lίJo 5 cχd5 lίJχd5 6 lίJc3 lίJb6 7 lίJf3 lίJc6 8 ο-ο lίJχd4 9 lίJχd4 'ii'χd4 Ι Ο lίJb5 'iνc4 11 'it'b3 ο-ο t 2 'ii'χc4 lίJχc4 t 3 lίJχc7 1:tb8 t 4 lίJd5 iLg4 t 5 1:te t 1:tfe8 t 6 h3 ~d7 σο Gotdin­Cvitan, Ευ Cup, Budapest 1996 5 ... 0-0 6 cxd5 lίJxd5 7 ο-ο lίJb6 8 lίJc3 lίJc6 (diagram) 9 d5 lίJa5 9 ... lίJb8 10 e4 c6 11 ~g5 h6 12 iLf4 g5 Ι 3 iLe3 lίJc4 14 iLd4 e5 15 iLc5 1:te8 16 'ifb3 b6 17 'ifχc4 iLa6;t

Fominyh-J.Pribyl, Brno 1991; 9 ... lίJb4 Ι Ο e4 c6 11 a3 lίJa6 12 dχc6 bχc6 13 'ίWc2 iLe6 14 :d Ι 'ii'c8 15 lίJd4 iLg4 16 f3 iLd7 17 iLe3 %:tb8;t Drasko­Sygulski, Polanica Zdroj 1985 Ι Ο 'it'c2 Ι Ο iLf4 c6 Ι Ι dχc6 'ii'χd Ι 12 :fχd Ι

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150 Details

ltJxc6 13 1:tac Ι e5 14 ~d2 ltJc4 15 b3 ltJxd2 16 ltJxd2 ~e6= Winants­Kouatly, Wijk aan Zee 1988; Ι Ο e4 c6 Ι Ι ~f4 cxd5 12 exd5 ltJac4 13 ~e2 J.g4 14 h3 J.xf3 15 ~xf3 1Ic8 16 1:ιac Ι ltJd6 17 1:ιfe Ι 1:ιe8= Greenfeld­Neverov, Berlin 1995 Ι 0 ••• ltJxd5 Ι 0 ... c6 11 dxc6 ltJxc6 12 1td Ι J.f5 13 e4 J.d7 14 .if4 :c8 15 'ii'e2 1fe8 16 h3 ~e6 17 ltJd5 ~xd5cc Slutsky­Yermolinsky, London 1994 Ι Ι 1:ιd Ι c6 12 ltJe Ι Jιd7 13 ltJxd5 cxd5 14 :Xd5 e6 15 I:td3 1:ιc8 16 'ii'd Ι :c7 17 Jιf4 e5 18 ~g5 'ii'e8 19 I:tc Ι :Xcl 20 Jιxcl ~f5!? 21 e4 Jιe6= Tukmakov-Topalov, Elenite 1995

(13) Ι d4ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 J.g2 ~g7 5 ltJf3 ο-ο 6 cxd5 ltJxd5 7 ο-ο ltJb6 8 ltJc3 ltJc6 9 e3 e5 Ι Ο d5 (diagram) Ι 0 ••• ltJa5 Ι ο ... ltJe7 11 e4 ~g4 12 h3 Jιxf3 13 J.xf3 c6 14 a4 cxd5 15 exd5 ltJf5 Ι 6 a5 ltJc4 Ι 7 a6 :b8 18 'ii'd3 ltJcd6= Ljubojeνic-Leko, Leon 1994 11 e4 c6 12 .ig5 f6 13 ~e3 cxd5 14 J.xb6 14 exd5 ltJac4 15 J.c5:tf? 16ltJd2 ~f5 17ltJxc4 ltJxc4 18 'iWe2 ltJd6 19 g4 (19 1:ιαc Ι!?) 19 ... ~c8cc Κrogius-M.Pribyl, Czech Republic

1996 14 •.• 'iWxb6 15 ltJxd5 1fd8 16 I:tc Ι ltJc6 17 'ii'b3 1:ιf7 18 :fd Ι Jιe6 19 h4 J.h6 20 1tc3 'ίt;>h8 21 'ίt;>h2cc C.Hansen-Korchnoi, Biel 1992

(14) Ι d4ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 J.g2 ~g7 5ltJf3 ο-ο 6 cxd5ltJxd5 7 ο-ο ltJb6 8ltJc3 ltJc6 9 e3 :e8 (diagram) Ι Ο d 5 Ι Ο ltJe Ι e5 Ι Ι d5ltJa5 12 e4 c6 13 a4 cxd5 14 exd5 ~f5 15 g4 ~d7 16 ltJe4 h6 17 h3 ltJc8 18 g5 hxg5cc Loginov-Gorbatov, St.Petersburg 1994; 10 :el e5 11 d5 ltJa5 12 e4 c6 13 .ig5 f6 14 .ie3 ltJac4 15 dxc6 ltJxe3 16 'ii'xd8l:txd8 17 cχb7 .iχb7 18 :χe3 J.h6 19 :ee Ι ltJc4 20 :ad Ι 'ίt;>f8~ Κarpov-Κasparov,

Amsterdam 1988 Ι 0 ••• ltJa5 Ι Ι ltJd4 ~d7 12 b3 12 e4 c6 Ι 3 b3 cχd5 14 exd5 1Ic8 15 ~b2 ltJbc4 16 bxc4 1fb6 17 ltJe6 ltJxc4 18 ltJxg 7 ltJxb2 =

Kharitonov-Makarov, Russia Ch 1994 12 •.• 1Ic8 13 Jιb2 c6 14 dxc6 ltJxc6 Ι 5 ltJxc6 ~xc6 16 J:tc Ι ~xg2 17 Φxg2 'ii'xd Ι 18 1:ιfxdl 1:ιc6= Li-Liss, Peking 1996

(15) Ι d4ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 .ig2 ~g7 5ltJf3 ο-ο 6 ο-ο (diagram) 6 ••• dxc4 6 ... ltJc6 7 ltJbd2 a5 8 b3 ltJe4 9 J.b2 ~e6 Ι Ο e3 f5 11 'ii'e2 .if7 12 J:tfd Ι e6 13 a3 g5 14 ltJe Ι ltJe7 15 ltJd3t Ki.Georgiev-D.Paunovic,

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Details 151

Cacak 1996; 6 ... c5 7 dxc5 dxc4 8 'ii'a4 'ikc7 9 'ikxc4 .te6 Ι Ο 'ii'h4 'ikxc5 11 tίJc3 tίJc6 12 tίJg5 Panzalovic-Savicic. Cetinje 1990 12 ... 'ii'c4 13 .tf4;t 7 tίJe5 tίJe8 8 tίJa3 c5 8 ... tίJd6 9 e3 .te6 Ι Ο 'ike2 'ii'c8 11 lίJaxc4 tίJxc4 12 ltJxc4 .th3 13 .txh3 'ii'xh3 14 .td2 tίJd7 15 :ac Ι 1:1fe8 16 .tc3 h5 17 1:1fd Ι h4 r 8 'ii'f3 c6 19 'ikg2 'ii'e6 20 d5! cxd5 21 'ii'xd5 'ii'xd5 22 11xd5;!; Romanishin­Kozul. Solin/Spilt 2002 9 .te3 cxd4 Ι Ο .txd4 tίJd6 Ι Ι tίJexc4 .txd4 12 'ii'xd4 tίJxc4 13 'ifxc4 'ii'b6 14 'ii'c3 tίJc6 15 .txc6 bxc6 16 tίJc4 Ίi'b5 17 a4 'ii'd5;!; Romanishin-Hellers. Malmo 1993

(16) Ι d4 tίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 .tg2 .tg7 5 tίJo ο-ο 6 ο-ο dxc4 7 tίJa3 (diagram) 7 ••• tίJc6 7 ... tίJa6 8 tίJxc4 c5 9 b3 .tf5 10 .tb2.te4 11 'Wd2 'iic7 12 dxc5 ltJxc5 13 .te5 'ii'd7 14 11ac Ι 11ac8 15 ifxd7 tίJcxd700 Smejkal-Stohl. Germany 1996 8 tίJxc4 .te6 9 b3 a5 9 ... .td5 10 .tb2 a5 11 :cl a4 12 bxa4 11a6 13 tίJfe5 .txg2 14 'it>χg2 'Wa8 15 tίJxc6 bxc6 16 <it>g Ι 11xa4 Ι 7 a3 tίJd7 18 ltJe5= Κarpov-Piket. Tilburg 1996 10 .tb2

a4 Ι Ι tίJg5 .td5 12 e4 .txc4 13 bxc4 a3 14 .tc3 tίJd7 15 e5 tίJb6 16 11b Ι tίJa4 17 .ta Ι tίJb2 18 .txb2 axb2 19 .txc6 bxc6 20 11xb2;!; Brestian-Wach. Austria 1992

(17) Ι d4 tίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 .tg2 .tg7 5 tίJo ο-ο 6 ο-ο dxc4 7 ltJa3 c3 8 bxc3 c5 (diagram) 9 e3 9 tίJc4 tίJc6 10 ltJce5ltJd5 11 'iib3 ltJxe5 12 dxe5 tίJb6 13 .te3 'iic7 14 'iia3 .te6 15 ifχc5 11fc8 16 "ilixc7 :xc7 17 .td4 tίJa4;!; Gutman-Lucke. Germany 1991; 9 tίJe5 tίJc6 Ι Ο tίJac4 tίJd5 Ι Ι .tb2 tίJxe5 12 tίJxe5 .tχe5 13 dχe5 .te6 14 "ilid3 tίJb6 15 .tχb7 :b8 16 .tg2 tίJc4 17 .tc Ι ltJxe5;!; Zaitsev; 9 'Wb3 tίJc6 Ι Ο :d Ι tίJa5 Ι Ι "ilib2

cxd4 12 cxd4 .tf5 13 tίJe5 tίJd7 14 tίJec4 .te6 15 tίJxa5 'ikχa5 16 .td2 'iib6 17 'ikxb6 axb600 Padeνsky-Ma.Schaefer. Munster 1990 9 ••• tίJc6 Ι Ο 'ike2 Ι Ο .tb2 e5 Ι Ι tίJc4 exd4 12 cxd4 .te6 13 Ίi'e2 cχd4 14 tίJχd4 tίJχd4 15 .tχd4 11c8 16 11ac Ι "ilie7 17 tίJa5 'ifa3oo Frohlich-Luecke.Altensteig 1993 Ι 0 .•. .tf5 10 ... 'Wa5 11 .tb2ltJd5 1211fcl .tg4 13 h3 .txf3 14 .t~~15 ltJc4 σ" q σ tίJχc4 16 'ikχc4 1.tac8 17 'ifb3 11c7;!; Konyushkov-Yuferov. SoChi -Ί 996 11 11d Ι "ilia5 Ι 1 ... 'iib6 12 tίJd2 cχd4 13 cxd4 11ac8 14 h3 :fd8 15 tίJb3 tίJe4 16 .tb2 g5 17 g4 .tg6 18 tίJc4 "ilib~_~.tf Ι ltJb4! 20 tίJbd2 '~d6\ (20 ... 'Wa4!00) 21 ltJxd6 'iνχe2 22 tίJχc8!(~1 23 tίJχfl 1tχc8 24 %:tac-I ± Κarpov-J.Polgar. Russia-World. 2002 12 .tb2 fd8 13 tίJd2 cxd4 14 cxd4 .tg4 15 f3 .te6 16 tίJb3 .txb3 17 axb3 'ii'b4 17 ... tίJd5 18 f4 tίJc3 19

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152 Detaίls

iιxc3 'iVxc3 20 tiJc4 'iVb4 21 iιxc6 bxc6 22 tiJa5 1:.ac8 23 'iVc4 'iib6 24 b4 Podgaets-Lerner. Moscow 2002 18 1:.d3 1:.ac8 19 tiJc4 'iVb5°o ΚaΓpoν­Smirin. Russia ν. World. 2002 () 1.. σ (,

(18) Ι d4 tiJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 d5 4 i.g2 iJ..g7 5 tiJf3 ο-ο 6 ο-ο c6 (diagram) 7 'ii'b3 7 tiJc3 dxc4 8 tiJe5 tiJg4 9 tiJxg4 iιχg4 Ι Ο d5 cxd5 Ι Ι 'iVxd5 'iVxd5 12 iιxd5 tiJc6 13 iιxc4 1:.ac8 14 Φg2 a6 15 h3 iιd7~ Deutsch­Kwatschewsky. Austria 1994; 7 b3 dxc4 8 bxc4 c5 9 i.b2 cxd4 Ι Ο tiJxd4 'ii'b6 Ι Ι tiJb3 ':d8 12 'iVc Ι tiJc6 13 tiJc3 iιe6 14 tiJa4 'iVc7 15 tiJac5 i.f5 P.Nikolic-Κhalifman. Yereνan 1996 16 i.c3! =; 7 tiJbd2 tiJe4 8 b3 iιf5 9

iJ..b2 tiJd7 Ι Ο tiJh4 tiJxd2 Ι Ι 'iVxd2 iιe6 12 cxd5 cxd5 13 'iVb4 1:tb8 14 1:.fc Ι 1:.e8 15 e3 iιf8= Κarpov-Topalov. Dortmund 1997 7 ••• dxc4 7 ... 'ii'b6 8 tiJc3 iιf5 9 tiJe5 i.e6 Ι Ο ':d Ι dxc4 Ι Ι tiJxc4 'iVa6 12 d5 cxd5 13 tiJxd5 tiJxd5 14 iιxd5 i.xd5 15 1:.xd5 tiJc6°o Goldin-Beshukov. Russia (ch) 19968 'iVxc4 iιe69 'Wa4 tiJa6 9 ... b5 10 'ii'dl tiJbd700 10 tiJc3 'iVb6 11 h31:tad8 12 e4 cS 13 dS iιd7 14 'ii'b3 e6 15 i.f4 exdSoo Loginov-Shabtai. Budapest 1993

(19) Ι d4 tiJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 dS 4 i.g2 iιι7 5 tiJf3 ο-ο 6 ο-ο c6 7 cxdS cxd5 8 tiJeS (diagram) 8 ... e6 8 .. ,tiJg4 9 tiJχg4 i.xg4 Ι Ο tiJc3 tiJc6 11 h3 i.d7 12 e3 e6 13 b3 'iVa5 14 iJ..d2 'iVc7 15 ':cl 1:.ac8 16 'iVe2= Polugaeνsky-Κasparov. Moscow 1991 9 tiJc3 tiJfd7 Ι Ο tiJf3 Ι Ο f4 tiJc6 (Ι ο ... (6 11 tiJd3 tiJc6 12 i.e3 tiJb6 13 b3 iιd7 14 iJ..(2 'iV e 7 15 1:.c Ι 1:.ac8 16 1:.c2 i.e8 = ΚaΓpoν­Timman. Amsterdam 1993) Ι Ι iJ..e3 tiJb6 12

iJ..f2 tiJe7 13 1:.c Ι iιd7 14 g4 l:c8 15 e3 f6 16 tiJd3 tiJc4;;!; Belyaνsky-Smirin. Novosibirsk 1995 Ι 0 ... tiJc6 Ι Ι iιf4 11 b3 b5 12 i.b2 i.a6 13 'ii'd2 b4 14 tiJa4 i.b5 15 1:.fc Ι i.xa4 16 bxa4 :c8 17 e3 'iVa5 18 'ii'd Ι tiJb6 19 a3 b3 20

tiJd2 tiJxa4 21 tiJxb3 'ii'b6= Romanishin­Naiditsch. Lipstadt 1999 Ι 1 ... tiJf6 12 tiJeS iιd7 13 'iV d2 tiJxeS 14 iJ..xeS iJ..c6 Ι 5 1:tfd Ι tiJd7 16 iJ..xg7 Φχι7 = ΚaΓI:lOV­Κasparov. london 1986

(20) Ι d4 tiJf6 2 c4 g6 3 g3 dS 4 i.g2 iιι7 5 tiJf3 ο-ο 6 ο-ο c6 7 cxdS cxdS 8 tiJc3 (dίagram) 8 ... tiJc6 8 ... tiJe4 9 tiJxe4 (9 ttJe5 tiJxc3 Ι Ο bxc3 tiJd7 11 tiJxd7 'iVxd7 12 'iVb3 1:.d8 13 e4 dxe4 14 be4 e5 15 dxe5 be5

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16 .iιg5 1:le8oo Vukic-M.Schlosser, Austria 1989) 9 ... dxe4 Ι Ο tϊJe5 'iVd5 11 b3 tik6 12 i.b2 1:td8 13 tϊJxc6 bxc6 14 'iic2 i.f5 15 e3 1::tac8 16 1::tacl c5= Lagunoν-Pedzich, Berlin 1991 9 tϊJe5 i.f5 9 ... e6 (ι Ο) tϊJxc6 bxc6 11 tϊJa4 ~~; tϊJd7 12 i.f4 "ίWf6 13 "ίWc2 i.b7 14 .iιd6 1::tfe8 15 e3 e5 16 dxe5 tϊJxe5;!; Stohl Ι Ο ttJxc6 bxc6 11 tϊJa4 tϊJd7 12 i.f4 "a5 13 b3 tϊJb6 14 i.d2 "b5 15 tϊJc3 "ίWa6 16 i.e3 1:lad8 17 'iid2 c5 18 1::tfd Ι! c4 19 b4 "a3 20 b5 a6 21 bxa6 21 'iic Ι "xc Ι 22 l:dxc Ι aχb5 23 tϊJxb5 tϊJa4! = 21 ••. 1::td7! 22 h3 h500 Vaganian-Hjartarson, Ευ Ch 199223 'iic Ι! "a5! 24 a4 1:tfd8 25 .iιd2 "xa6 26 a5 tϊJc8 27 i.e Ι;!; Hjartarson

(21) Ι d4 tϊJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tϊJc3 d5 4 .iιι5 tϊJe4 (diagram) 5 i.f4 5 cxd5 tϊJχg5 6 h4 li)e4 7 tϊJxe4 "xd5 8 tϊJc3 "a5 9 tϊJf3 .iιg7 Ι Ο "b3 ο-ο Ι Ι e3 c5 12 .iιc4 cxd4 13 tϊJxd4 tϊJd700 Peregudoν-Ibragimoν, Seνersk 1997; 5 i.h4 c5 6 e3 'iia5 7 'iib3 cxd4 8 exd4 .iιh6 9 :d Ι tϊJxc3 Ι Ο bxc3 i.e6 Ι Ι tϊJf3 ο-ο 12 i.e2 dxc4 13 i.xc4 i.xc4= 14 'iixc4 tϊJd7 15 ο-ο e6= Lerner-Mikhalchishin, Palma de Mallorca 1989 5 .•• tϊJxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 e3

ο-ο 8 cxd5 "ίWxd5 9 'iib3 'iiaS Ι Ο "ίWM "xb4 11 cxb4 eS 12 i.xeS i.xe5 13 dxe5 tϊJc6 14 J:l:c Ι tϊJxMoo Keleceνic-Vujacic, Yugoslaνia Ch 1991

(22) Ι d4 tϊJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tϊJc3 d5 4 i.gS tϊJe4 5 .iιh4 tϊJxc3 6 bxc3 (diagram) 6 ••• c5 6 ... dxc4 7 e3 i.e6 8 J:l:b Ι b6 9 .iιe2 a6 Ι Ο .iιf3 i.d5 Ι Ι e4 .iιb7 12 e5 i.d5 13 tϊJh3 i.h6 14 ο-ο tϊJc600 Adler-Kudrin, Bern 1988; 6 ... i.g7 7 e3 c5 8 cxd5 'iixd5 9 'iνf3 'ifd8 Ι Ο i.c4 ο-ο 11 tϊJe2 cxd4 12 exd4 'iic7 13 i.b3 tϊJc6 14 ο-ο e5 15 1::tad Ι exd4 16 cxd4 i.f5 = Hultin-Budraitis, Vaxjo 1992 7 cxd5 "ίWxd5 8 e3 tϊJc6 8 ... cxd4 9 'ifxd4 'ifxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 e6 11 1::tbl i.e7 12 i.xe7 Φχe7 13 g3 tϊJd7 14 i.g21tb8 15 1tc Ι a5 16 Φd2 lId8 17lt'Je2 b6 18 lIc7 i.a6 19 tϊJc3;!; Khenkin-Yuferoν, Belgorod 1989 9 "ίWf3 "f5 Ι Ο i.b5 i.d7 Ι Ι 'iixf5 gxf5 12 tϊJf3 :g8 13 .iιι3 0-0-0 14 ο-ο e6 Ι 5 1:lfd Ι Ι 5 :ab Ι!? Ι 5 ••• i.e8 16 h4 i.e7= Sνidler

(23) Ι d4 tϊJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tϊJc3 d5 4 tϊJf3 i.g7 5 .iιι5 dxc4 (diagram) 6 e3 6 e4 c5 (a) 7 d5 b5 8 e5 b4 9 exf6 exf6 10 'ii'e2+

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154 - Details

Φf8 11 .te3 bxc3 12 bxc3 'iWa5 13 'iνxc4 tDd7 14 .td3 1:ίb8 (14 ... (5;1;) 15 ο-ο %Σb6 16 .J:[fel .ta6 17 'ite4± Chabanov-Bernard, Nantes 1993; (b) 7 .txc4 7 ... cxd4 8 'iWxd4 'iWxd4 9 tDxd4 tDxe4 10 tDxe4 .txd4 11 0-0-0 tDc6 12 .J:[he Ι .te6 13 .txe6 fxe6 14 .te3 0-0-0 15 .txd4 tDxd4 16 tDc3 .J:[hf8 17 ':e4 tDc6 18 .:txd8+ Φχd8 19 f3 Φd7= Zviagintsev-I'Sokolov, Moscow 1994 6 ... .te6 7 tDe5 tDd5 8 ttJxc4 c5 9 tDb5 ο-ο Ι Ο dxc5 h6 11 .th4 tDc6 12 .tg3 a6 13 tDd4 ttJxd4 14 exd4 tDb4~ Grivas-Ristic, Athens Ι 993

(24) Ι d4 tDf6 2 c4 g6 3 tDc3 d5 4 tDf3 .tg7 5 .tg5 tDe4 6 .tf4 tDxc3 7 bxc3 (diagram) 7 ••• c5 7 ... dxc4 8 e3 .te6 9 :b Ι b6 Ι Ο tDg5 .td5 Ι Ι e4 h6 12 exd5 hxg5 13 .te5 Φf8 14 .txc4 tDd7 15 'iWe2 tDf6= Pankratov-Baikov, Moskow 1996 8 e3 ο-ο 9 cxd5 cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 1i'xd5 11 .te2 tDc6 11 ... 'iWa5+ 12 'iid2 tDc6 13 'iixa5tDxa514 .tc7 tDc6 15 %Σb Ι b6= Zviagintsev­Azmaiparashvili, Portoroz 1997 12 ο-ο .tf5

13 'ita4 'ita5 14 'iνxa5 tDxa5 15 .:tfc Ι .:tac8 16 tDd2 tDc6= Hertneck­Anand, Munich 1994

(25) Ι d4 tDf6 2 c4 g6 3 tDc3 d5 4 tDf3 .tg7 5 .tg5 tDe4 6 .th4 tDxc3 7 bxc3 dxc4 (diagram) 8 e3 8 'iWa4+ 'iνd7 9 'iixc4 b6 Ι Ο .tg3 c5 Ι Ι tDe5 .txe5 ι 2 .txe5 .ta6 13 'iWb3 (6 14 .txb8 .J:[xb8 15 e3 .txf Ι 16 Φχfl cxd4= Timman-Κasparov, Brussels 1987 8 ... b5 8 ... .te6 9 'iνb Ι b6 (9 .. . c5?! Ι Ο 'iνxb7 ο-ο 11 he7 'iWa5 12 1:ίcl tDd7 13 .txf8 .J:[xf8 14 .te2 .J:[b8 15 'itc6 cxd4 16

!f 1 r tDxd4 .txd4 17 exd4;1; Zaichik-Dorfman, USSR Cup 1984) Ι Ο tDg5 .id5 11 e4 h6 (11 ... .ib7 12 hc4 ο-ο 13 'iWb3 'iie8 14 .id3;1; Zaichik-Tseshkoνsky, USSR Cup 1984) 12 exd5 hxg5 13 'itb5 + 1i'd7 14 'itxd7 + tDxd7 15 .txg5 b5 16 a4 tDb6 = Knezeνic-Ftacnik,

Trencianske Teplice 1985 9 a4 c6 Ι Ο .ie2 a6 Ι Ι tDd2 ο-ο 12 .tf3 :a7 13 ο-ο .tf5 14 ':e Ι .td3 Ι 5 tDb3 .tf5 16 tDd2 .td3 = Sorin-Κasparoν, Buenos Aires 1997

(26) Ι d4 tDf6 2 c4 g6 3 tDc3 d5 4 tDf3 .tg7 5 .tg5 tDe4 6 .th4 c5 7 cxd5 tDxc3 8 bxc3 'itxd5 (diagram) 9 e3 tDc6 Ι Ο .ie2 cxd4 Ι Ι exd4 Ι Ι cxd4 ο-ο (11 .. . e5 12 dxe5 'iνα5 + 13 'iνd2 'iWxd2 + 14 ιl;xd2 tDxe5 15

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l1ab Ι ο-ο 16 li:xJ4 lΔc6 17 ι!ίJxc6 bxc6 18 I1hc Ι iLf5 19 iLd3 iLe6 ± Foisor­Χυ Jun. Timisoara 1987) 12 ο-ο e5 13 dxe5 'ifa5 14 iLf6 iLxf6 15 exf6 'iif5 16 lΔd4 'ifxf6 17 lΔxc6 'iixc6 18 1ι..Ο 'iia6 19 'iid4 iLe6= Ostenstad­L.Hansen. Gausdal 1992 11 ••• 0-0 12 ο-ο e5 13 c4 'iie4 14 d5 lΔd4 15 lΔxd4 'iixh4 16 lΔb5 e4 17 1Ib Ι iLe5 18 g3 'it'f6oo Bonsch-Gaνrikoν. Budaρest 1989

(27) Ι d4 lΔΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 lΔc3 d5 4 lΔo 1ι..ι7 5 1ι..ι5 lΔe4 6 cxd5 (diagram) 6 ••• lΔxι5 6 ... lΔxc3 7 bxc3 'ifxd5 8 e3 c5 9 iLe2 lΔc6 Ι Ο ο-ο cxd4 11 exd4 ο-ο 12 'it'd2 e5 13 c4 'it'd6 14 d5 lΔd4 15 lΔxd4 exd4 16 1:Iab Ι 11e8 17 iLd3 b6 = Polajzer­Krumpacnik. Podlehnik 200 Ι 7 lΔxι5 e6 7 ... 0-0 8lΔo c6 9 dxc6lΔxc6 Ι Ο e3 e5 11 d5 e4 12lΔxe4lΔb4 13 'iid2 'it'a5 14 11cl b600 J.Armas-R.Alonso. Cuba 1993; 7 ... c6 8 e3 (8

dxc6 ι!ίJxc6 9 e3 e5 Ι Ο d5 'it'xg5 11 dxc6 ο-ο 12 h4 'ife 7 13 lΔd5 'ikd6 14 c 7 ~h8= Meleghegyi-Spirieν. Zalakaros 1991) 8 ... e6 9lΔO cxd5 10 iLe2 ο-ο 11 ο-ο lΔc6 12 1:Ic Ι 'ike7 13 a3 1:Id8 14 b4 e500 Y.Zilberman-Elsness. Gausdal 19958 'ifa4+ 8 'ifd2 h6 (8 ... exd5 9 'iie3+ ~f8 10 'iif4iLf6 11 h4 h6 12 liJ(31ι..e6 130-0-0 li:xJ7 14 e4 dxe4 15lΔe5 be5 16 dxe5 ~g7= Rajkoνίc­Κhenkin. Iraklion 1993) 9 lΔh3 exd5 Ι Ο lΔf4 ο-ο 11 e3 c5 12 dxc5 d4 13 exd4 'iixd4 14 'ifxd4 iLxd4 15 0-0-0 lΔc6 16 lΔfd5 -txc5 = Daνies-King. Hamar 1982 8 •.• 1ι..d7 9 'iib3 'iixg5 Ι Ο 'ikxb 7 ο-ο 11 'iixa8iLxd4 12 'ikb 7 'ikf6 13 lΔd Ι -tb6 14 1:Ic Ι 'ifg5 15 e3 exd5 16 :Xc7 d4~ Fyllingen­L.Hansen. Stavanger 1992

(28) Ι d4 lΔΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 lΔc3 d5 4 lΔo 1ι..ι7 5 1ι..ι5 lΔe4 6 cxd5 lΔxι5 7 lΔxι5 e6 8lΔo exd5 9 e3 (diagram) 9 ••• a5 9 ... 0-0 10 iLe2 (/ Ο b4 c6 11 iLe2 iLe6 12 ο-ο li:xJ7 13 I1c Ι σ6 14 lΔσ4 f5 15 g3 g5 16 h4 h6 Ι 7 hxg5 hxg500 Rayetsky-Tukmakoν. Biel 1995) Ι 0 ... c6 " ο-ο 'ikd6 12 lbe Ι iLf5 13 lΔd3 iLxd3 14 'iixd3 lΔd7 15 b4 b5 16 a4 a6 17 1:Ifb Ι lΔb6= Avrukh-Leko. Budapest 1993 Ι Ο -te2 ο-ο ιι ο-ο c6 12 a3 12 lΔe Ι ?! 1ι..f5 13

iLg4 iLxg4 14 'iνxg4 liJd7 15 liJd3 1:te8 16 :fc Ι iLf8 17 'iff3 iLd6 18 e4? iLxh2+! 19 ~xh2 dxe4 20 lΔxe4 'ifh4+ 21 ~gl ':xe4=F Simonenko­Epishin. Werther Schloss Oρeπ. 2000 12 ••. 'iνe7 13 lΔe Ι 1ι..Ι5 14lΔd3 lΔd7 Ι 5 b4 axb4 16 axb4 b5 17 'it'b3 lΔb6 18 lΔc5 lΔc4 = Thoγsson-Ernst. Gausdal 1993

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(29) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 dS 4 ~Ι4 j"g7 (diagram) 5 ::Ιcl 5 'ii'a4+ l2Jc6 6 e4 e6 7 j"g5 j"d7 8 cxd5 exd5 9 l2Jxd5 l2Je7 Ι Ο 'it'b3 l2Jexd5 Ι Ι exd5 ο-ο 12 l2Jf3 c6 13 l2Je5 h6 14 dxc6 hxg5 15 cxd7 l2Jxd7 = Schussler­Wiedenkeller, Gjovik 1985 S ..• l2JhS 5 ... dxc4 6 e4 c5 7 dxc5 'ii'a5 8 j"xc4 ο-ο 9 e5 l2Jfd7 Ι Ο l2Jf3 l2Jc6 Ι Ι ο-ο l2Jdxe5 12 l2Jxe5 l2Jxe5 13 j"xe5 ~xe5;j; Pinter 6 ~gS 6 .td2 c5 7 e3 cxd4 8 exd4 dxc4 9 d5 ο-ο Ι Ο ~xc4 l2Jd7

11 l2Jf3 a6 12 a4 b5 13 axb5 l2Jb6 14 b3 axb5 15 l2Jxb5 l2Jxd5 16 ο-ο ~b7 Ι 7 j"xd5 i.xd5 18 i.c3 = Stohl 6 ..• h6 7 ~h4 dxc4 8 e3 i.e6 9 i.e2 l2Jf6 Ι Ο l2Jf3 c6 11 l2JeS! bS 12 Ι4 l2JdS 13 'ii'd2 l2Jxc3 14 bxc3 ~dS 15 'ii'c2 i.f6 16 ~α ~xg2 17 ':gl 'iVdS! 181hg2! 'ifxg2 19.tf3 'ii'h3 20 ~g4 'ii'g2! 21 i.f3 'it'h3 = Dreev-Leko, Wijk aan Zee 1996

(30) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 dS 4 ~Ι4 i.g7 5 e3 cS 6 dxcS 'ii'aS (diagram) 7 'ii'b3 7 cxd5 lΔxd5 8 "'xd5 i.xc3 + 9 bxc3 'ii'xc3 + Ι Ο Φe2 "'xa Ι Ι Ι ~e5 'it'c Ι 12 ~xh8 i.e6 13 'it'xb7 'ii'c2 + 14 'ittf3 'ii'f5 + 15 Φe2 'it'c2 + = Vaughan-Purdy, corr 1945; 7 'ii'a4+ 'Wxa4 8 l2Jxa4 ο-ο (B ... l2Je4 9 f3 ~d7 Ι Ο fxe4 iιxα4 11 cxd5 iιxb2 12 ':b Ι ~c3 + 13 Φ(2 lΔd7 14 ':c Ι lΔxc5 15 <iitf3 ~b4= Timman-Kasparov, Amsterdam

1988) 9 l2Jf3 l2Je4 Ι Ο ~e5 ~d7 Ι Ι l2Jc3 l2Jxc3 12 bxc3 dxc4 13 i.xc4 ':c8 14 ~d4 e5 15 i.xe5 ':xc5°o Timman-Κasparov, Belfort 1988 7 •.• l2Je4 7 ... l2Jc6 8 'it'b5 i.e6 9 'it'xb7 ':c8 Ι ο 'ii'b5 dxc4 11 'ii'xa5 tίJxa5 12 0-0-0 tίJd7 13 l2Jf3 l2Jxc5 14 i.e5 ~f5 15 b4 ~xe5oo Akopian, Dementiev 8 'ii'bS + 'ii'xbS 9 tίJxbS tίJa6 Ι Ο cxdS ~xb2 Ι Ι :b Ι i.f6 12 c6 bxc6 13 dxc6 gS 14 i.g3 ο-ο 15 f3 l2Jxg3 16 hxg3 ~fS 17 ':c Ι tίJM 18 e4 a6! 19 l2Jc7 ':a7 20 l2JdS l2JxdS 21 exdS ':d8~ Levin-W.Schmidt, Bydgoszcz 1990

ιr t. (31) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 dS 4 ~Ι4 ~g7 5 e3 cS 6 dxcS 'it'aS 7 ':c Ι (diagram) 7 •.• l2Je4 7 ... dxc4 @)'iifa4+ 'ii'xa4 9 l2Jxa4 i.d7 Ι Ο :Xc4 ο-ο Ι Ι lΔf3 Ac8 12 l2Jc3 l2Jc6 Ι 3 l2Je5 ~e6 14 l2Jxc6 ':xc6 15 ':b4 l2Jd5 = Gunawan-Dorfman, Sarajevo 1988 8 cxdS l2Jxc3 9 'β'd2 'ifxa2 Ι Ο bxc3 'ifaS 11 ~c4 l2Jd7 12 l2Jf3 12 l2Je2 l2Jxc5 Ι 3 ο-ο ο-ο 14 l2Jd4 ~d7 15 'iifb2 ':fc8 16 i.e2 b6 17 c4 eS 18 dxe6 tίJxe6 19 ~d6 ~c6 20 ':fd Ι 'ii'g5 =

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Polugaeνsky-Timman, Breda 1980 12 •.• ltJxc5 13 .ite5 13 ο-ο ο-ο 14 .ie5 .ixe5 15 ltJxe5 .if5 16 'ili'd4 f6 17 d6 + Φι7 18 dxe7 :lfe8 19 ltJf7 :lxe7 20 :la Ι 'ili'c7 = Kirshner-da Costa, corr. 1990 13 ••• .itxe5 14 ltJxe5 f6 15 ltJf3 b5 16 .ita2 ltJe4 17 'ili'b2 .id7 18 ο-ο :lc8 19 'ili'b4 'iVxa2 20 'ifxe4 .if5= Staniszewski-Jasnikowski, Poland Ch 1988

(32) Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltJc3 d5 4 i.f4 .itg7 5 e3 ο-ο (diagram) 6 'iVb3 6 1:tc Ι c5 7 dxc5ltJa6 8 cxd5ltJxc5 9ltJf3 'ili'a5 Ι Ο ~d2 'ifb6 Ι Ι .ic4 ltJfe4 12 ~e2 ltJxc3 13 bxc3 .ig4 14 ο-ο 1:tac8°o Gheorghiu-Gutman, New York 1988 6 •.• dxc4 6 ... c5 7 dxc5 ltJe4 8 cxd5 'ifa5 9 ltJge2 ltJxc5 Ι Ο 'ifd Ι e5 Ι Ι .itg5 ltJe4 12 .ih4 g5 13 .ig3 f5 14 f3 ltJxc3°o 7 .ixc4 ltJc6 8 .ie2 a5 9 ltJf3 ltJb4 Ι Ο ο-ο .ie6 11 .ic4 i.xc4 12 'iixc4 ltJbd5

13 ltJxd5 ltJxd5 14 .ig3 c6= 15 e4 ltJf6 16 :lfe Ι 'ii'b6 16 ... a4!?= Hort 17 b3;!; Mecking-Hort, Palma de Mallorca 1970

(33) Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltJc3 d5 4 .if4 .itg7 5 e3 ο-ο 6 cxd5 ltJxd5 7ltJxd5 tί'xd5 8 .ixc7 (diagram) 8 ••• ltJa6 8 ... .if5 9 ltJe2 ltJa6 Ι Ο ltJc3 'ii'c6 11 .ia5 e5 12 d5 tί'c5 13 'ii'a4 b6 14 .itxa6 bxa5 15 e4 'iVb4 16 'ifxb4 axb4 ± Levitt-Lechtynsky, Augsburg 1988/89; 8 ... ltJc6 9 ltJe2 .itg4 Ι Ο f3 1:ac8 Ι Ι ltJc3 'ife6 12 .itf4 ltJxd4 13 fχg4 :lfd8 14 .id3 ltJc6 15 'ifb Ι ltJe5 16 .ie2 ltJc4 17 ο-ο ltJd2 18 'ifc2ltJxfl 19 Φχfl .itχc3 20 bχc3

'ii'f6 21 g5 tί'xc3 22 tί'xc3 :lxc3 23 1:td Ι 1:txd Ι + 24 .ixd Ι a5 25 'itte2 1:ta3 26 .itb3 a4 27 .id5 1:c3 28 'ittd2 1:tc5 29 .ixb7 1:tb5 30.ie4 1:tb2+ 31 .ic2 a3 32 e4 f6 33 gxf6 exf6 34 .ite3 :lxa2 35 .id4 Φι7 36 Φc Ι Timman­Schmidt, Indonesia 1983 9 .ixa6 ~xg2 9 ... bxa6 Ι Ο ltJf3 .if5 11 tί'b3 tί'c6 12 .ig3 .ie4 13 ο-ο 1:fc8 14 'ii'a3 e6 15 b3 .if8 16 'ifa5 'ifb7 17 1:ac Ι .ib4

18 'iWg5 .id3 19 :lχc8+ 1:txc8 20 .l:al;!; Yakovich-Kamsky, Barnaul 1988 Ι Ο tί'f3 'ili'χf3 Ι Ι ltJxf3 bxa6 12::tc Ι .ib 7 13 Φe2 f6 14 :lc5 e6 15 1:thcl 1:tf7 16 .ig3 :d8 17 1:tc7 1:tdd7 = Elsness-Moberg, Gausdal 1995

(34) Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltJc3 d5 4 ltJf3 .ig7 5 .if4 (diagram) 5 ••. c5 5 ... 0-0 6 cχd5 lDχd5 7ltJxd5 'ifχd5 8 .iχc7lDc6 9 e3 .if5

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158 Details

Ι Ο i..e2 :ac8 Ι Ι i..g3 "a5 + 12 Φf Ι e5 13 dxe5 ttJxe5 14 ttJd4 ttJc4~ Burmakin-Gyurkos, Zalakaros 1993 6 dxc5 'i*'a5 7 cxd5 ttJxd5 7 ... ttJe4 8 i..e5!? i..xe5 9 ttJxe5 ttJxc3 Ι Ο "d2 ttJa6! Ι Ι 'ii'xc3 'ifxc3 + 12 bxc3 ttJxc5~ Gutman, Van der Tak 8 'ii'xd5 i..xc3+ 9 i..d2 i..e6 10 'iνxb7 10 i..xc3 'i*'xc3+ 11 'iνd2= 10 ... i..xd2+ 11 ttJxd2 ο-ο 12 b4 ii'a4 13 e3 ttJd7;!; Van Wely-Κamsky, Groningen 1995

(35) Ι d4 ttJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ttJc3 d5 4 ttJf3 i..g7 5 i..f4 ο-ο 6 1:tc Ι dxc4 (diagram) 7 e3 7 e4 c5 8 dxc5 'i*'a5 9 e5 1:td8 Ι Ο ~d2 ttJg4 Ι Ι ~xc4 ttJc6 12 ttJb5 1:txd2 13 ii'xd2 'ii'xd2 + 14 ttJxd2 ttJgxe5 15 ο-ο i..f5oo 16 1:tcd Ι ~c2 Ι 7 ':c Ι i. f5 18 1:tcd Ι i..c2 1ι2- V2 Van Wely-Khalifman, Ter Apel 1993 7 ••• i..e6 8 ttJg5 ~d5 9 e4 h6 Ι Ο exd5 hxg5 Ι Ι i..xg5 ttJxd5 12 i..xc4 ttJb6 13 i..b3 ttJc6 14 d5 ttJd4 Ι 5 ο-ο ttJxb3 16 'ii'xb3 i..xc3

17 1:txc3 17 bxc3 'i*'xd5 18 i..xe7 :fe8 19 c4 ttJxc4 20 i..f6 ttJb6 21 ii'b2 ttJd7 22 %:txc7 ttJxf6 23 'ii'xf6 %:tac8 V2-V2 Gershon-Horνath, Halkidiki 2002 17 ••• 'ii'xd5 18 i..xe 7 1:tfe8 19 i..c5 :e2 = Gershon-Aνrukh, Tel Ανίν 2002

(36) Ι d4 ttJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ttJc3 d5 4 ttJf3 i..g7 5 i..f4 ο-ο 61:tcl c5 7 dxcS (diagram) dxc4 7 ... i..e6 8 ttJd4 ttJc6 9 ttJxe6 fxe6 Ι Ο e3 'ii'a5 11 'ifa4 ii'xc5 12 i..e2 d4 13 exd4 ttJxd4 14 i.e3 :ad8 15 ο-ο a6 16 1:tfe Ι 'iti>h8 17 h3 Malaniuk-Atalik, Hastings 1995 8 'i*'xd8 1bd8 9 e4 ttJa6 Ι Ο e5 ttJe8 Ι Ι i..e3 i..e6 12 ttJg5 ttJec7 13 f4 ~h6 14 liJxe6 ttJxe6 Ι 5 g3 ttJaxc5 16 i..xc4 a6!00 Ftacnik­Malishauskas, Biel 1993

(37) Ι d4 ttJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ttJc3 d5 4 ttJf3 i..g7 5 i..f4 ο-ο 6 e3 c5 7 dxc5 (diagram) 7 ... ttJe4 7 ... ii'a5 81:tc Ι dxc4 9 i..xc4 ttJc6 Ι Ο ο-ο 'i*'xc5 11 ttJb5 ii'h5 12 ttJc7 :b8 13 h3 ttJe4 14 b4 i..xh3 15 gxh3 'ii'xh3 16 ttJd5 ':bd8 17 b5 ttJb400 Mikhaleνsky-DνoiΓys, Leeuwarden 1994 8 :c Ι 8 ~e5 i..xe5 9 ttJχe5 ttJχc3 Ι Ο bχc3 'i*'a5 11 'i*'d4 ttJc6 12 ttJχc6 bχc6 Ι 3 Jι.e2 1:td8 14 ο-ο Jι.e6 15 cχd5 :χd5 16 ii'b4 ii'xc5 = Gretarsson­

Illescas Cordoba, Groningen 1997 8 .•• ttJxc3 9 bxc3 dxc4 Ι Ο 'i*'xd8 1:txd8 Ι Ι i..xc4 ttJd7 12 i.c7 ':'f8 13 c6 bxc6 14 ttJd4 14 ο-ο ttJb6 15 i..b3 i.a6

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Detai/s /59

16 .l:tfd Ι .i.e2 17 J:[d2 .i.xf3 18 gxf3 .l:tac8 19 .i.f4 :fd8 Siegel-Schindler Germany 1992 14 ••• c5 15 lbc6 .i.f6<o Magerramov-Yuferov. Moscow 1991

(38) Ι d4 tLJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tLJc3 d5 4 tLJf3 .i.g7 5 .i.f4 ο-ο 6 e3 c6 (diagram) 7 'ίi'b3 7 'iί'c2 .i.f5 8 .i.d3 .i.xd3 9 'iVxd3 'ii'a5 Ι Ο ο-ο lbbd7 Ι Ι :fd Ι dxc4 12 'iVxc4 lbd5 13 lbxd5 cxd5 14 'ii'b3 b6 15 1:.acl 1:fc8= Dizdarevic­Drasko. Yugoslavia 1989; 7 .i.e2 .i.e6 8 lbg5 .i.c8 9 ο-ο dxc4 Ι Ο .i.xc4 tLJd5 Ι Ι .i.g3 e5 12 lbf3 exd4 Ι 3 exd4 .i.e6 14 'ii'b3 tLJxc3 15 bxc3 .i.xc4σo Yakovich-Yandemirov. Smolensk 1997; 7 :Ι' Ι .i.g4 8 h3 .i.xf3 9

'ίi'xf3 'ii'b6 Ι Ο 1:.c2 tLJa6 Ι Ι 'ii'd Ι 'iVa5 12 a3 1:.ac8 13 c5 b6 14 cxb6 axb6 15 .i.e2 c5σo Van Wely-Timman. Netherlands 1997 7 ••• 'iVa5 7 ... e6 8 h3lbbd7 9 1:.c Ι .l:te8 Ι Ο .i.d3 dXC4 Ι Ι .i.xc4lbd5 12 .i.g3 lb5b6 13 tLJe.4ltJxc4 14 'iVxc4 tLJb6 15 'ifb3 'ίi'd5 16 'iί'xd5 exd5 17 lbd6 .l:td8 Ι 8 Φe2 .i.f8 19 tLJxc8 .l:tdxc8= Κarolyi-Alterman. Tel Αvίv 1999 8 1:.c Ι lbbd7 9 a3 dxc4 Ι Ο .i.xc4 lbb6 11 .i.xf7 + :xf7 12 tLJe5 e6 13 lbxf7 <j;xf7 14 ο-ο tLJbd5 15 .i.e5 tLJxc3 16 bxc3 tLJe4 17 .i.xg7 <J;;xg7 18 'ifc2 tLJf6~ Brodsky-Guliev. Nikolaev 1993

(39) Ι d4 tLJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tLJc3 d5 4 tLJf3 4 e3 .i.g7 5 'ίi'b3 e6 6 'iVa3 lbc6 7lbf3 lbe7 8 .i.e2 ο-ο 9 ο-ο b6 Ι Ο cxd5 lbexd5 Ι Ι :d Ι .i.b7 12 .i.d2 'ii'd6 13 ltJxd5 ltJxd5 14 'iVa4 c5 15 dxc5 bxc5 16 'ίi'h4 'ii'e7σo Ehlvest­J.Fernandez. Seville 1994; 4 'iVb3 4 ... dxc4 5 'iVxc4 .i.g7 6 e4 ο-ο 7 .i.f4 tLJa6 8 :d Ι c5 9 d5 'ii'b6 Ι Ο 1:.d2 e6 Ι Ι d6 e5 12 .i.xe5 lbxe4σo Efimov-MikhaIchishin. Uzhgorod 1988 4 ••• .i.g7 5 cxd5 tLJxd5 6 'iVb3

(diagram) 6 .•• lbb6 6 ... tLJxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 e3 ο-ο 9 .i.a3 b6 Ι Ο .i.e2 lbc6 11 ο-ο tLJa5 12 "iί'b2 "iί'c7 13 :acl .i.d7 14 :fdl :fd8= Flear-Ftacnik. Szirak 1986 7 .i.f4 7 .i.g5 h6 8 .i.h4 .i.e6 9 'ii'c2lbc6 Ι Ο .l:td Ι lbb4 11 'ii'b Ι ο-ο 12 e3 .i.f5 13 e4 .i.g4 14 d5 g5 Ι 5 .i.g3 (5! 16 a3 f4 17 axb4 fxg3 18 hxg3 .l:txf3σo Tisdall-Jansa. Aarhus 1983 7 ... .i.e6 8 "iί'c2 tLJc6 9 e3 tLJb4 Ι Ο "iί'd Ι ο-ο 11 a3 tLJ4d5 12 lbxd5 .i.xd5 13 .l:tc Ι c6 14 .i.e2 a5 = Kholmov-HoΓt. Moscow 1975

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160 Detai/s

(40) Ι d4 liJf6 2 c4 g6 3 liJc3 d5 4 liJf3 i..g7 5 e3 ο-ο 6 'iib3 (diagram) 6 ••. dxc4 6 ... e6 7 i..d2 b6 8 .Jte2 i..b7 9 ο-ο liJbd7 Ι Ο cxd5 exd5 Ι Ι :fd Ι 1:te8 12 i..e Ι c6 13 a4 a5 14 'ifc2 "e7= Knezeνic-Ghinda, Polanica Zdroj 1978; 6 ... c6 7 i..d2 e6 8 .Jtd3 liJbd7 9 ο-ο b6 Ι Ο cxd5 exd5 Ι Ι e4 c5 12 liJxd5 cxd4 13 liJxf6 + i..xf6 14 i..b4 liJc5 15 i..xc5 bxc5 16 1:tac Ι = Sokolsky-Gotgilf, USSR 1936 7 .Jtxc4 liJc6 7 ... liJbd7 8liJg5 e6 9 i..xe6 fxe6

Ι Ο liJxe6 'iWe7 11 liJxc7 + Φh8 12 liJxa8 liJg4 13 .Jtd2 'iWh4 14 ο-ο-ο;!; 8 .Jte2 liJe8 9 ο-ο e5 Ι Ο dxe5 liJxe5 11 1td Ι liJd6 12 i..d2 i..e6 13 'ifc2 liJxf3 + Ι 4 .Jtxf3 'if'f6 15 1tac Ι liJc4 16 b3 liJxd2 17 1:txd2 1i'xc3 = Siegel­Aronian. Cala Guldana 1996

(41) Ι d4 liJf6 2 c4 g6 3 liJc3 d 5 4 liJf3 .Jtg7 5 'if'b3 c6 (diagram) 6 cxd5 6 i..f4 dxc4 7 1i'xc4 b5 8 1i'd3 b4 9 liJe4 liJxe4 Ι Ο 'iixe4 ο-ο Ι Ι .Jte5 .Jtf5 12 1i'h4 f6 13 .Jtxb8 'if'xb8 14 e3ao Shiroν 6 .•. cxd5 6 ... liJxd5 7 e4liJb6 8 .Jte3 ο-ο 9 1td Ι i..g4 Ι Ο i..e2 'ifc7 11 ο-ο liJ8d7 12 h3 i..xf3 13 i..xf3 a6 14 :c Ι 1:tac8;!; Berg-Nadera, Νονί Sad 1990 7 i..g5 e6 8 e3 ο-ο 9 .Jtd3 liJc6 Ι Ο ο-ο h6 11 i..xf6 i..xf6 121:tfcl 1i'e7 13 a3 :d8 13 ... .Jtd7 14 1tc2

1:tfc8 = 14 1:tc2 Φι7 15 1:tac Ι liJa5 16 'iV a2 i.d7 17 b4 liJc6 18 h3;!; Piket-Κamsky, Monaco 1995

(42) Ι d4 liJf6 2 c4 g6 3 liJc3 d5 4 liJf3 i..g7 5 'if'b3 dxc4 6 'iixc4 ο-ο (diagram) 7 e4 7 i..f4 c6 8 e3 'iia5 9 'iVa4 'iixa4 Ι Ο liJxa4 liJbd7 Ι Ι 1:tc Ι 1:te8 12 liJc3 liJb6 13 i..e2 liJfd5 14 liJxd5 liJxd5 15 .Jtg3 .ig4 = Azmaiparashνili-lνanchuk, Tilburg 1994 7 ••• c6 8 i..e2 8 1i'b3 b5 9 e5 liJe8 Ι Ο i..e2 i..e6 11 'iVc2 i..f5 12 'iid Ι liJc7 13 ο-ο (Kozul-Finkel, Noνa Gorica 1997) 13 ... b4 14 liJa4 liJd7ao; 8 i..f4 b5 9 'iVb3 'if'a5 Ι Ο .Jtd3

i..e6 Ι Ι 'if'd Ι c5 12 dxc5 1:td8 13 'iVe2 liJxe4 14 i..xe4 .Jtxc3 + 15 i..d2 i..xd2+ao Flear-J.Fernandez, Las Palmas 1993 8 ••• b5 91i'b3 'if'a5 9 ... a5 10 1i'c2liJfd7 Ι Ι .Jtg5 liJb6 12 1td Ι b4 13 liJb Ι i..e6 14 b3 1i'd6 15 ο-ο 1tc8 16 liJbd2;!; Legky-Pyankoν, France 1996 Ι Ο i..d2 b4 11 liJa4 liJxe4 12 .Jtxb4 "c7 12 ..... d8 13 ο-ο i..e6 14 1i'e3 liJd6 15 1:tfd Ι liJd7 16 liJc5 i..d5 17 J:ac Ι liJxc5 18 i..xc5 a5 19 liJe5;!; T.Florian-D.Bronstein. Hungary 1949 13

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Details 161

ο-ο ~e6 14 'Wa3 :e8 15 :acl .id5 16 :fdl a5 17 ~el tίJd7= Antoshin-Suetin, Haνana 1968

(43) Ι d4 tίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tίJc3 d5 4 tίJf3 .ig7 5 'iί'b3 dxc4 6 'iί'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 tίJc6 (diagram) 8 .if4 8 h3 tίJd7 9 ~e3 tίJb6 Ι Ο 'Wc5 f5 Ι Ι :d Ι fxe4 12 tίJe5 'ii'd6 13 lίJxc6 bxc6 14 lίJxe4 'iί'd5 15 lίJc3 'iί'xc5 16 dxc5 lίJd5 17 lίJxd5 cxd5 18 :xd5 .ie6 19 .ic4!?= Lputian-Balashov, Moscow 1981; 8 .ie2 lίJd7 9 d5 lίJce5 Ι Ο lίJxe5 tίJxe5 Ι Ι 'Wb3 e6 12 ο-ο exd5 13 exd5 c6 14 .ie3 cxd5 15 tίJxd5 ~e6 16 :fd Ι b6 Ι 7 'iί'b5;!;

Janjgaνa-Khenkin, Borzhomi 1988 8 ... tίJh5 8 ... lίJd7 9 0-0-0 lίJb6 Ι Ο 'Wc5 .ig4 11 d5 .ixf3 12 gχB lίJe5 13 .ig5 :e8 14 .ib5 c6 15 dxc6 'Wc7oo Sarkar-Kudrin, Seattle 2003 9 .ie3 .ig4 Ι Ο e5 .ixf3 Ι Ι gxf3 e6 12 h4 'iί'e7 13 f4 'Wb4 14 'Wxb4lίJxb4 15 ':c Ι ~h6 16 a3 tίJc6 17 tίJe2 tίJe7!oo M.Gurevich-Zagorskis. Bad Godesberg 1996

(44) Ι d4 tίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 tίJc3 d5 4 tίJf3 ~g7 5 'ii'b3 dxc4 6 'iί'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 a6 (diagram) 8 ~f4 8 ~e2 b5 9 'iί'b3 c5 Ι Ο dxc5 .ib7 11 ο-ο lίJxe4 12 tίJxe4 ~xe4 13 .ig5 lίJc6 14 'iί'e3 .if5 15 .ih6 .ixb2 16 ':ad Ι 'Wa5oo Sosonko-Svidler, St.Petersburg 1997; 8 'iί'b3 c5 9 dxc5 lίJbd7 Ι Ο c6 bxc6 Ι Ι .ie2 a5 12 ο-ο a4 13 'Wc2 a3 14 b4 c5 15 b5 .ib7 16 :bl c4= Korchnoi-Rogulj, Geneνa 1987 8 ... b5 9 'ii'xc7 'ii'xc7 10 .ixc7 .ib7 11 e5

lίJd5 12 tίJxd5 12 .ia5 lίJf4 13 ':d Ι f6 14 d5 fxe5 15 g3 e4 16lίJg5 .ixc3 + 17 .ixc3 lίJxd5 18 .ig2 lίJd7 19 .ih3 :f5 20 ~xf5 gχf5~ Hoang Thanh Trang-Isaev, Calcutta 200 Ι 12 ... .ixd5 13 .ie2 ':c8 14 .ib6 ':c2 15 b3 tίJd7 16 .ia5 :ac8 17 .id Ι :c Ι 18 :xc Ι :Xc Ι 19 ο-ο f6 20 exf6 .ixf6 21 lίJd2 .ixd4 22 .if3= Aseev-Marinkovic, Leningrad 1989

(45) Ι d4 lίJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lίJc3 d5 4 tίJf3 .ig7 5 'iί'b3 dxc4 6 'iί'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 a6. 8 e5 (diagram) 8 ... b5 8 ... lίJfd7 9 .ie3!?@)b~ \!" :'.'

Ι Ο 'iί'c5! .ie6 Ι Ι lίJg5 .if5 12 .ie2 Φ'Μ? (12 ... lίJ8d7 13 'Wa3 h6 14 lίJge4;!;) 13 g4 .ic8 14 0-0-0 f6 15 lίJge4 f5 16 gxf5 .ixf5 17 h4t Κarpov-Leko, Tilburg 1996 9 'Wb3 lίJfd7® .. lίJg4 Ι Ο h3 lίJh6 11 .id3 .ib7 12 .ixh6 ~xh6 13 J.e4 .ixe4 14 lίJxe4 c6 15

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J •

:(- 1. ... j

,;; ι~~

rJ ~'.~ r

162 Detaίls

h4 'iί'd5 16lί:\c5 :d8 17 h5 iLg7 18 hxg6 hxg6 19 e6;!; Greenfeld-Lin, Peking 1996 Ι Ο e6 Ι Ο iLe3 c5 11 e6 c4 12 exf7 + 1:xf7 13 'iί'd Ι lί:\b6 14 lί:\e5 :f8 15 a4 .i.b7 16 axb5 axb5 17 :xa8 .i.xa8 18 lί:\xb5 lί:\8d7 19 lί:\xc4 'iιth8,;; Piket-J.Polgar, Linares 1997 10 ••• fxe~ 11 .i.e3 11 "xe6+ 'it>h8 12 "e4 lί:\b6 13 "h4 lί:\c6 14 .i.d3 (14 .i.h6 ~~ 15 "xd8 r!xd8 16 .i.xg7 + Φχg7 17 lί:Ixe5 lί:Ixd4 18 0-0-0 .i.e6 19 tiJd3 .i.(5 = Jakobsen-Tisdall, Torshaνn 1997) J1) .. :xf3 15 gxf3 lί:\xd4 16 iLe4 .i.f5 17 .i.e3 (~ 18 "xd8 + :xd8 19 0-0-0 c5 20 f4!? b4 21 .i.xf5 gxf5';; Stohl-Ruck, Hungary 1997 11 ••• lί:\b6 11 ... lί:\f6!? 12 a4 b4 13 'iί'xb4 lί:\c6 14 "~i "d6 15 .i.S1~a> Gyimesi­Svidler, Germany 2002 12 h4lί:\c6 13 h5(~L4 gxf3\~~ςIj) 15 :dl(cS) 16 i..Xd4~~,17 hxg6 h6 17 ... hxg6 18:g I~,~} 19lί:\xd5 exd5 20 :xg6 e5 21 iLd3;!; l:.~:h5!;!; Κasparov-Svidler; Wijk aan Zee 1999

(46) Ι d4 lί:\f6 2 c4 g6 3 lί:\c3 d5 4 lί:\f3 .i.g7 5 "b3 dxc4 6 "xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 lί:\a6 (diagram) 8 .i.f4 8 "a4 c5 9 d5 'iί'b6 Ι Ο .i.xa6 bxa6 11 ο-ο [email protected] .i.b7 13 :fd Ι h6 14 .i.xf6 i..xf6 15 :d2 'iί'b4 16 'ii'c2 1%fe8= Uhlmann-Pol~.{aevsky, Yugoslavia 1968; 8 'ii'b3 c5 9 d5~ Ι Ο .i.xa6 bxa6 Ι Ι ο-ο exd5 12 exd5 'ii'b6 13 .i.f4 .i.b7 14 :fd Ι 1%fd8 15 'ii'xb6 axb6 16 .i.c7 :d7 17 .i.xb6 lί:\xd5 18 i..xc5 :c8= Flear-Groszpeter,

Belgrade 1988; 8 i..gS h6 9 .i.h4 c5 Ι Ο d5 bS Ι Ι lί:\xbS "aS + 12 lί:\d2 :b8 13 .i.g3 lί:\xe4 14 "xe4 :xb5 15 .i.xb5 'ii'xb5oo; 8 e5 lί:\d7 9 e6 lί:\b6 Ι Ο exf7+ Φh8 11 'ii'b5@V12 'ii'a5 llJc7 13 .i.e2 iLg4 14 ο-ο .i.xf3 15.i.xf3 :xf7 16 .i.e3lί:\cd5= Tukmakov-Groszpeter, Biel 1991 8 ••• c5 9 dxc5 .i.e6 9 ..... a5 10 e5lί:\d7 11 a3 "xc5 12lί:\d5lί:\b6 13 'ii'xc5lί:\xc5 14lί:\xe7+ Φh8 15 lί:\xc8 1hxc8 16 1%d Ι lί:\ba4';; Flear-Georges, Bern 1991 Ι Ο 'ii'b5 iLd7 11 'ii'xb7lί:\xc5 12 'ii'b4lί:\e6 13 .i.e5 a5 14 "a3 .i.c6 14 ... 'iί'b6!? 15 .i.c4 lί:\g4! 16 .i.g3 'ii'b4 17 'ii'xb4 axb4 18 lί:\d5 .i.xb2 19 :b Ι i..c3 + 20 lί:\xc3 bxc3 21· ο-ο 1:tac8 22 .i.a6 c2! 23 :ta Ι :c3 24 :fc Ι lί:\c5+ Bacrot­Sutoνsky, Albert 200 Ι Ι 5 .i.c4 lί:\xe4 16 .i.xe6 .i.xe5a> Kengis-Certek, Bratislaνa 1990

(47) Ι d4 lί:\f6 2 c4 g6 3 lί:\c3 d5 4 lί:\f3 .i.g7 5 'ii'b3 dxc4 6 'ii'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 lί:\a6 8 .i.e2 c5 9 d5 e6 (diagram) 10 ο-ο 10.i.g5 exd5 (ί\ lί:\xd5 .i.e6 12 0-0-0 .i.xd5 13 1:txd5 'ii'b6 f4' .i.xf6 "xf6 15 Α 'iff5 16 .i.d3 'ii'c8 17 :d6! lί:\b4 18 .i.e4\~ Piket-TimlN~ Amsterdam 199~-..10 ••• exd5 11 exd5~!y 12 i..f4 12 1%d 1(:~8), 3 d6 h6 '4 .i.f4 llJd7 '5 :d2 lί:\b4 16'ν63 .i.e6 '7 i..c4 lί:\b6 '8

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~'1 ι5 ".

Detaίls 163

(\"" ]J ..txe6 'I:Ixe6 19 tΔ~4..:~tJxa4 20 'ifxa4 tΔc6oo; 12 ..te3,,,b6(ι3\tΔh4?! ..td7 14 1:tab Ι 'I:Ife8 15 b4 \~~~ (§ fxe3 cxb4 '~ 'iff4 'ifc5 lθ~~ (18 ba6 Θ 19 bb7 1:te8 20 iid4 'ii'a3oo) 18 ... tΔxe4 ~xe4 1:te8+ Timman-Κasparov, Sarajevo 1999 12 ... 'ii'b6~ .. :Ιe8 13 :adl tΔe4 14 tΔb5 'iff6 15 ..td3 ..td7 cr}1-16 ..teS ..txb5 17 'ii'xbS i:txe5 18 tΔxeS tΔd6 19 tΔg4 'ii'f4 20 'ii'd7 c4°o lvanchuk-Dorfman, Ινον 1988 13 ..te5 1:tad8 13 ... :fe8 14 1:tfd Ι tΔe4 15 ..txg7 tΔd6 16 iif4 16 ... ~xι7 17 1:tac Ι 1:tad8 18 b3;!; Bareev-Van Wely, Enghien les Bains 2001 14 d6 141:tacl 14 ... 'ii'xb2 15 tΔb5 iib4 16 tΔd6 Gureνίch-IIlescas Cordoba, Dos Hermanas 200 Ι 16 ... ..te4! 17 tΔxe4 tΔxe4 18 ..txg7 ~xι7 19 'ifc2 tΔf6 20 1:tb Ι 'ifa5 21 1:txb7 tΔc7 22 tΔd2 tΔcxd5 23 tΔb3 iic3 24 'ii'c Ι! = 14 ••. tΔd7 15 ..txg7 ~xg7 16 tΔb5 tΔΙ6 17 1:tad Ι ..td7 18 a4 tΔb4 19 b3 ..txb5 20 iixb5 'ii'xb5= E.Vladimirov-lIincic, Alma-Ata 1989

(48) Ι d4 tΔΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 tΔc3 d5 4 tΔf3 ..tg7 5 iib3 dxc4 6 'ii'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 ..tg4 8 ..te2 tΔc6 (dίagram) 9 d5 9 ..te3 ..txf3 Ι Ο gxf3 e5 Ι Ι dxe5 tΔxe5 12 'ifd4 'ifxd4 13 .txd4 tΔc6 14 ..te3 .:tfd8 15 :Ιc Ι tΔd4 16 tΔb5 tΔxb5 17 ..txb5 c6= M.Gurevich­Romanishin, Ινον 1987 9 •.• tΔa5 9 ... ..txf3 10 gxf3 tΔe5 Ι Ι 'ifb3 c6 12 f4 tΔed7 13 dxc6 bxc6 14 e5 tΔd5 15 tΔxd5 cxd5 16 'ii'xd5 e6 17 'ii'd6 lΔb6;!; Timman-Korchnoi, Reykjaνίk

1988 Ι Ο iib4 Ι Ο iia4 ..txf3 Ι Ι ..txf3 c6 12 ο-ο b5 13 'ii'd Ι b4 14 tΔa4 cxd5 15 exd5 'ifd7 16 ..td2 tΔc4 17 ..txb4 tΔe5 18 tΔc3 1:tab8 19 a3 .I:Ifd8 20 ..te2 tΔxd5 21 tΔxd5 iixd5 22 ..txe7 'ii'xd Ι 23 1:taxd Ι 1:te8 24 ..tc5 1:txb2= Κasimdzhanov-Sutovsky, Julian Borowski-A 200 Ι Ι O ... ..txf3 11 ..txf3 c6 12 .te3 cxd5 13 exd5 1:tc8 14 ..txa7 tΔc4 15 ο-ο tΔd2 16 1:tfdl 1:tc4 17 'ii'b6 tΔxf3+~ Farago-J.Horvath, Hungary 1991

(49) Ι d4 tΔΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 tΔc3 d5 4 tΔf3 ..tg7 5 'ii'b3 dxc4 6 'iνxc4 ο-ο 7 e4 ..tg4 8 ..te3 tΔfd7 (dίagram) 9 1:td Ι 9 ..te2 tΔb6 Ι Ο 'ii'c5..txf3 Ι Ι gxf3 tΔa6 12 ..txa6 bxa6 13 h4 tΔd7 14 iic6 %1b8 15 0-0-0 tΔb6 16 h5 'ii'd6 17 'iνxd6 cxd6= Timoshchenko-Lputian, Irkutsk 1986; 9 0-0-0 c6 Ι Ο h3 ..txf3 Ι Ι gxf3 b5 12 'ii'd3 'ii'a5 13 <Ji>b Ι b4 14 tΔe2 c5 15 (4 tΔc6 16 d5 b3 Ι 7 a3 tΔb400 Piket-Shirov, Wijk aan Zee 1996 9 ... tΔc6 Ι Ο ..te2 tΔb6

Ι 0 ... ..tχf3 11 gxf3 tΔb6 12 iic5 (5 13 d5 tΔe5 14 f4 tΔed7 15 'iVb5 fxe4 16 tΔxe4 tΔf6 17 tΔg5 'ii'e8= Khalifman-lIlescas, Ubeda 1997 11 'iVc5 'ii'd6 12 h3 12 e5 'ifxc5 13 dχc~c~14)h3 ..txf3 15 ..txf3 ..txe5 16 ..txc6 bχc6 17

Λ 11 G{ ...

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164 Details

'-~

;), ..td4 i.f4 Ι 8 O-cXe~ 19 i.e3 i.χe3 20 fχe3 'Δe7 21 1:d7 'Δf5 22 1:χc7 :fc8 23 1:d7 :d8 24'--:fd Ι 1:txd7 25 1:txd7 'Δχe3 26 :c7 .r:tb8 27 b3 1:td8= Κarρov-Timman Tilburg 1986 12 ••. i.xf3 13 gxf3 1:tfd8 14 d5 'Δe5 15 'Δb5 'ίi'f6 16 f4 'Δed7 17 e5 'ii'xf4= Botνinnik-Fischer. Varna Olympiad 1962

(50) Ι d4 'Δf6 2 c4 g6 3 'Δc3 d5 4 'Δf3 i.g7 5 'ίi'b3 dxc4 6 'iί'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 ..tg4 8 i.e3 'Δfd7 9 'ίi'b3 (diagram) 9 ... 'Δb6 9 ... c5 Ι Ο d5 'Δa6 11 i.e2 'iί'b6 12 'ίi'c2 i.χf3 13 gxf3 1:tac8 14 h4 f5 Ι 5 f4 fxe4 16 i.g4 1:tf5 17 0-0-0 'Δb4οο M.Gurevich-Gofstein, Brussels 1997 10 1:tdl ..txf3 10 ... e6 11 ..te2 'Δc6 12 'Δι Ι ..txe2 13 'Δgχe2 'ii'e7 14 ο-ο :fd8 15 a3 h6 16 'Δa4 'Δa5 17 'iί'c2 'Δac4= Meduna­Jansa, Trnaνa 1982 Ι Ι gxf3 e6 12 h4 'Δc6

13 e5 h5 14 ..tg2 'Δe7 15 ..tg5 'ii'd7 16 f4 c6 17 'Δe4 'ίi'c7°o M.Gurevich­Krasenkov, Jakarta 1996

(51) Ι d4 'Δf6 2 c4 g6 3 'Δc3 d5 4 'Δf3 ..tg7 5 1Wb3 dxc4 6 'ίi'xc4 ο-ο 7 e4 ..tg4 8 ..te3 'Δfd7 9 'ίi'b3 'Δb6 Ι Ο 1:td Ι 'Δc6 Ι Ι d5 'Δe5 12 ..te2 'Δxf3+ 13 gxf3 (diogram) 13 ... ..th5 13 ... ..th3 14 J:[g Ι 'ίi'c8 15 f4 ..td7 16 f5 ..t>h8 17 fxg6 fxg6± Mikenas-Vaganian, USSR 1967 14 1:tgl 14 a4 'Δd7 15 f4 i.xe2 16 'Δχe2 'ii'c8 17:'c Ι c6 18 e5 'Δb6 19 dxc6 bxc6 20 'ii'c2 f6 21 exf6 ..txf6 22 'iί'xc6 1Wxc6= Kozul-Stohl, Νονί Sad 1990; 14 f4

..txe2 15 'Δχe2 'ίi'd7 16 ..td4 c6 17 ..txg7 ~7 18 'ίi'c3 + ..t>g8 19 dxc6 'iί'xc6 20 'iί'xc6 bxc6 21 :rcι 1:I:ac8 22 <it;d2 c5= Tukmakov-Uhlmann, Leningrad 1973 14 ... 'ii'c8 14 .. :~i'd7 15 1:tg3 c6 16 dxc6 'iί'xc6 17 'Δb5 1:tfc8 18 'Δχa7 1:txa7 19 ..tχb6 1:taa8 20 :g5 'ίi'a4 21 'ii'xa4 :χa4 22 :c5 1:tca8= Meulders-Peelen, Dieren 1988 15 :g3 c6 16 a4 'iνc7 17 'iί'a3 f5 18 dxc6 bxc6 19 a5 'Δc8 20 'iν c5 fxe4 21 'Δb5 'ii'xa5 + 22 b4 'ii' a4 23 i.d4! cxb5 23 ... i.xf3?! lνanchuk-Timman, Linares 1993 24 ..txb5 'iί'xdl +! 25 ΦΧdl 1:d8 26 ..tc4+ Φh8 27 ..td5 'Δb6 28 1:g5 ..txf3+ 29 Φel 1:tac8 30..txg7+ <it;xg7 31 'ίi'd4+ ~h6 32 'iνd2 Φg7 33 'ii'b2+ ~h6 34 'ii'd2 ~g7= Babula-Κalod, Czech Ch 2000 '

(52) Ιd4 'Δf6 2 c4 g6 3 'Δc3 d5 4 cxd5 4 'Δf3 ..tg7 5 'iί'a4+ ..td7 6 'iνb3 '1+ dχc47."χc4'~8 e4 b5 9 'Δχb5 'Δχe4 10 'Δχc7 'Δc6 11 'Δχa8 'iνa5+ 12

..td2 lDχd2~ Bonsch-Jasnikoνski, Harkany 1985 4 ... 'Δχd5 5 e4 'Δχc3

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Details 165

6 bxc3 i.g7 7 W'a4+ (diagram) lbd7 7 ... 'iid78 W'xd7 + ~xd7 9 i.a3 b6 Ι Ο .I:tcι c51Ilbf30-0 12dxc5~c613i.d3lbd714 lbd4 lbe5 15 ~b Ι ~a4 = Korchnoi­Alterman. Beer Sheνa 1992; 7 ... ~d7 8 W'a3 b6 9lbf3 c5 10 dxc5 ο-ο 11 ~c4 ~c6 120-Ο i.xe4 13 lbg5 ~d5 14:d Ι i.xc4 15 :xd8 1:txd8 16 i.e3 lbc6~ Khenkin-Neverov. Barnaul 1988 8 lbf3 ο-ο 9 ~ι5 h6 Ι Ο ~e3 c5 11 J:tc Ι cxd4 11 ... e5 12 dxc5 W'c7 13

'WWb4 a5 14 'ifa3 lbf6 15 lbd2 lbg4 16lbc4 ~e6 17 ~d2 :fd8 18 f3 ~f8 19 fχg4 'WWc6oo Deze-Kozul. Yugoslaνia 1989 12 cxd4 lbb6 13 'ii'b3 ..tg4 14 ..te2 'WWd6 15 ο-ο ~xf3 16 ~xf3 ~xd4 17 ..txh6 J:tfc8= Janjgaνa­Krasenkov. Vilnius 1988

(53) Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 cxd5 lbxd5 5 e4 lbxc3 6 bxc3 ..tg7 7 ~b5+ (diagram) 7 ••• c6 8 ~a4 ο-ο 9 lbe2 c5 Ι Ο ο-ο lbc6 Ι Ι ~e3 lba5 12 dxc5 12 J:tb Ι b6 13 dxc5 ..ta6 14 ~b5 ~χb5 15 :xb5 lbc4 16 ~g5 h6 17 'ii'χd8 1:tfχd8 18 ~xe 7 :e8 19 :b4 lbe5 20 ~d6 lbd3 21 :a4 b5 22 Aa6 1:txe4 = Arencibia-Shirov. Salamanca 1998 12 ••• lbc4! 12 ... 'WWc7 13 lbf4 e6 14lbd3 b6 15 ..tb5 ~b7 16 f3 Afd8 17 W'c2~ Shariyazdanov-DνoiΙΓS. Russia Cup 1998 13

'ifxd8 1:txd8 14 ~ι5 ~d7! 15 ~b3 lba5 16 ..txe7 :e8 17 ..td6 1:txe4 18 lbd4 lbxb3 19 axb3 ~xd4= Topalov-Κasparov. Linares 1998

(54) Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 cxd5 lbxd5 5 e4 lbxc3 6 bxc3 ~ι7 7 ~e3 c5 8 'ii'd2 (diagram) 8 ... 'WWa5 8 ... cxd4 9 cxd4lbc6 10 :dl ο-ο 11 lbf3 ~g4 12 ~e2 :c8 13 ο-ο 'fid7 14 h3 ~xf3 15 ~xf3 :fd8 16 e5 e6 Ι 7 'ii'b2?! ':c 7 18 Φh Ι Adc8 19 'WWb Ι lbe 7 20 ~e4 lbd5 21 ..txd5 'fixd5~ Zakharevich­Neverov. USSR 1991 9 1:tcl 9 1:tbl b6 10 ~b5 + ..td7 Ι Ι ~e2 lbc6 12 lbf3 ο-ο 13 1:tc Ι ~g4 14 d5 ..txf3 15 ..txf3 :ad8 16 ο-ο e6 17 ~f4 lbe5 18 ~xe5 ..txe5 19 g3 :fe8

20 ~g2 exd5 21 eχd5 b5 22 h4 c4°o Spraggett-Gavrikov. Malgrat de Mar 1993 9 ••• cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 'ifxd2 + 11 ~xd2 Ι Ι ..txd2 ο-ο 12lbf3 ..tg4 13 d5 lbd7 14 ~b5 Afc8= Κantorik-Bobras. Pardubice 2002 11 ... 0-0 12 ~b5 lbc6 12 ... 1:td8 13lbf3 ..td7 14 ~χd7lbχd7 15 :c7lbe5 16lbχe5 ~xe5 17 :χe7 i.xd4 18 1:txb7 1:tac8! 19 ..txd4! :xd4+ 20 Φe3 :a4= Petronic-

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/66 Detai/s

Κapetanovic, YugoslaVia 1992 13 .txc6 bxc6 14 ltJe2 %Σb8 Ι 5 1:tb Ι .ta6 16 1:thcl e5 17 dxe5 .txe5 18 .txa7 %Σfd8+ 19 ~el 1:[xbl 20 1:txbl .tc7 21 .te3 .td3 22 1:tc Ι .txe4 23 f3 .td5 24 a4 1:ta8 25 ltJd4 1:txa4 26 ltJxc6= Rychagov-Shipov, ICC 200 Ι

(55) Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltJc3 d5 4 cxd5 ltJxd5 5 e4 ltJxc3 6 bxc3 .tg7 7 ltJf3 c5 (diagram) 8.te3 8 .tb5+ lDc6 9 ο-ο cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 ο-ο Ι Ι .te3 .tg4 12 .txc6 bxc6 Ι 3 %Σcl ~a5 141:txc6 'iνxa2 15 %Σc7 a5 16 %Σχe7 a4 17 1:[b7 a3 18:'b Ι 1:[fb8 19 1:ta Ι 'ii'b2 20 h3 .txf3 = Lugovoi-Svidler, St Petersburg 1995; 8 .te2 ο-ο 9 ο-ο b6 Ι Ο i-g5 h6 11 .tf4 .tg4 12 1:tc Ι .txf3 13 .txf3 e5 14 .txe5

~ Ι, .txe5 15 dxe5 ltJc6 = Winants-Milos, Saloniki 1988 8 ••• 'iνa5 8 ... 0-0 9 'ii'd2 cxd4 10 cxd4 .tg4 11 tDg5lDc6 12 h3 .td7 13 ltJf3 :'c8 14 :'b Ι ltJa5 15 .te2 .te6 16 ο-ο .tc4 17 d5 b6 18 :bd Ι

() 'ii'd6 19 .td4;!; Jelen-Mihalchishin, Bled 1992(i)td2 ο-ο 9 ... .tg4 10 .te2 ι(" (, Q ~2.. lDc6 11 ο-ο .txf3 12 gxf3 cxd4 13 cxd4 'ii'b6 141:tb Ι 'iνxd4 15 ':xb7 0-0=

Belyaνsky Ι Ο .te2 .tg4 11 ο-ο 1:td8 Ι 1 ... e6 12 a4 cxd4 13 cxd4 'iνd8 14 .tg5 'iWd6 15 ':b Ι .txf3 16 .txf3 'ii'xd4 17 'ii'xd4 .txd4 18 1:txb7 ltJc6 19 1:tc7 19 ... .:ac8 20 .:xc8 ':xc8 21 :'cl ltJe7 22 .te2 1:txcl + 23 .txcl;!; Korchnoi-Ruck, Leipzig 2002 12 lDg5? (12 d5 ao Korchnoi-Balinov, Leipzig 2002) 12 ••• .txe2 13 'iWxe2 'iWa6! 14 'ii'xa6 ltJxa6 15 d5 c4! 16 .te3 :ac8 17 .txa7 .txc3 18 :ab Ι :d7 19 .te3 .tg7+ Korchnoi-Smirin, Biel 2002

(56) Ι d4 ltJf6 2 c4 g6 3 ltJc3 d5 4 cxd5 ltJxd5 5 e4 ltJxc3 6 bxc3 .tg7 7 ltJf3 c5 8 %Σbl ο-ο 9 .te2 (diagram) 9 ••. .tg4 9 ... b6 10 ο-ο .tb7 11 'ir'd3 cxd4 12 cxd4 e6 (/ 2 ... .ta6 /3 'iWe3 'iWd7 /4 1:[d / ~α4 /5 .td2 .iιxe2 /6 'ii'xe2 :c8 /7 e5 ltJa6 /8 e6 (6 /9 d5 'iνc4 20 'ikxc4 1:[χc4 2/ 1:tbc / 1:[χ, /;!; Lputian­Zilberstein, Blagoveshchensk 1988) 13 1:td Ι ltJc6 14 .tg5 'iνd6 15 'iWe3 ltJa5 16 .th6 :ac8 17 .txg7 <lί;xg7 18ltJe5 f5 19 exf5 exf5

20 h4;!; Savchenko-Turov, St.Petersburg 1993; 9 ... ltJd7 10 ο-ο 'ii'c7 11 .td3 e5 12 d5 ltJf6 13 c4 ltJe8 14 .tb2;!; Pelletier-Turov, Kharkov 200 Ι Ι Ο ο-ο cxd4 11 cxd4.txf3 11 ... tDc6?! 12 d5 ltJa5 13 'iνa4 J:[c8 14 .td2 .tc3 15 i.h6.tg7 16 .txg7 rj;xg7 17 'ir'd4+ rj;g8 18 'ir'xa7 :'c2 19 .td3 :xa2 Sasikiran-Tseshkoνsky, Hastings 2003 20 tDe5 i-e2 21 .txe2 :'xe2 22 'i'd4± 12 i.xf3 .txd4 13 1:[xb7ltJc6 14 ~a4 ~d6 15 1:tb5 .te5 161:td5 'iνf6 17 .i.e3 ':ab8 18:'c Ι lDb4 19 1:tdd Ι .td6 20 :'c4;!; Dam1janovic-Kouatly, St.Maxime 1983

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Details 167

(57) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 d5 4 l2Jf3 .1ιι7 5 cxd5 l2Jxd5 6 e4 l2Jxc3 7 bxc3 c5 8 1:tb Ι ο-ο 9 .1ιe2 'Wa5 Ι Ο :b5 (diagram) Ι 0 ••• 'Wxc3 + Ι 0 ... 'iί'χa2 Ι Ι 1:tχc5 l2Jd7 (Ι Ι ... 'We6 12 lbg5 'ikb6 13 ο-ο iLd7 Ι 4 .1ισ3 l2Jσ6 15 1:td5 .1ιc6 16 .1ιxe 7 .1ιχd5 Ι 7 exd5 1:tfe8 18 d6 iιf8~ Paschall-Song, Philadelphia World Open 1995) 12 1:tb5 a5 13 1:tb3 l2Jf6 14 l2Jd2 .1ιd7 15 1:ta3 'We6 16 e5 l2Jd5 17 c4 l2Jb4 18 .1ιf3 1:ta7 19 .1ιb2 b5 20 d5 'ikb6~

H.Akopyan-Brayloνsky USA Junior Ch 1999 11 .1ιd2 'Wa3 12 1:ta5 12 :χc5 l2Jc6 13 ':c4 .1ιι4 14 d5 .1ιxf3 15 ιχf3 l2Jd4 (15 ... l2Je5!) 16.1ιb4 'Wb2 17 'iί'd2 'iί'b Ι + 18 1:tc Ι? (18 'Wd Ι! ltlc2 + 19 Φ(Ι! 'iί'xd 1+ 20 .1ιxd Ι ltJxb4 21 1:!xb4= Atalik) 18 ... l2Jc2+ 19 'Wχc2 'Wχb4+ 20 Φfl ':ab8!+ Gligoric-Atalik, Yugoslavia 1998 12 ... 'iί'b2 13 1:txc5 l2Ja6 13 ... l2Jc6 14 d5 l2Jd4 15 l2Jχd4 iιxd4 16 ':c4 .1ιf6 17 'Wc2 'iί'χc2 18 :Ιχc2 e6 19 .1ιc4 1:te8 20 ο-ο .1ιd7 21 :fc Ι :Ιac8 22 .1ιe3 a6 23 f3 eχd5 24 .1ιχd5 :χc2 25 :χc2 1:tc8 26 1:td2 .1ιc6 '11-'11 ShamkoVich-Gheorghiu, Cleveland 1975; 13 ... 'iWχa2 14 ο-ο .1ιι4 15 d5 l2Jd7 16 ':a5 'Wb2 17 :Ιb5 'iVa2 18 .1ιι5 l2Jf6 19 'iVd3 b6 20 e5 .1ιf5 21 'iVd2 'ikxd2 22 l2Jχd2l2Jd7 23 g4 .1ιc2 24 :b2 :fc8 25 .1ιa6 1:tc5 26 .1ιχe7 '12-'12 Groszpeter-Paνlov, Thessaloniki 1981; 13 ... iιι4 14 ':c2 'iWb6 15 .1ιe3 iιχf3 16 .1ιxf3 l2Jc6 17 d5 l2Jd4 18 .1ιχd4 .1ιχd4 19 ο-ο 1:tac8 20 iιι4 ':xc2 Del Rio Angelis-L1obel Cortell, Valencia 2002 14 1:tc2 'iWb6 15 ο-ο .1ιι4 16 .1ιe3 1:tfc8 17 d5 'Wa5 18 Lc8+ Lc8 19 'iί'bl l2Jc5 20 h3 .1ιxf3 21 .1ιxf3 'ikc7= Bunzmann-Leko, Hamburg 1999

(58) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 d5 4 cxd5 l2Jxd5 5 e4l2Jxc3 6 bxc3 .1ιι7 7l2Jf3 c5 8 1:tb Ι ο-ο 9 .1ιe2 cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 'iVa5 + Ι Ι 'ft'd2 (diagram) 11 .•• 'Wxd2+ 12 .1ιχd2 b6 130-oiιb714d5.1ιa614 ... :c8151:tfcl l2Jd7 16 iιb4 Φf8 17 h4 l2Je5 18 l2Jg5 = Krivoshey-Ernst, Dieren 200 Ι 15 .1ιχa6 l2Jxa6 16 .1ιe3 f5 16 ... :fe8 17 l2Jd4 .1ιχd4 18 .1ιχd4 e6 19 dxe6 :Xe6 20 f3 1td8 21 .1ιe3 = Schmidt-Banas, Trnava 1986;

16 ... 1:tfc8 17 ':fc Ι Φf8 18 Φf Ι Φe8 19 'iite2 h6 20 h4 f5 (20 ... Φd7 21 g4~) 21 exf5 gxf5 22 .1ιd4 .1ιf8 (22 ... .1ιxd4 23 ltJxd4 ltlc7 24 l2Jxf5 ltJxd5 25 ι:j;(3±) 23 .1ιe5 :χc Ι 24 ':xc Ι l2Jb4 25 l2Jd4~ Yevseev-Dvoirys, St.Petersburg 1998 17 :fd Ι 17 e5 f4 18.1ιc Ι ':ad8 19:d Ι l2Jc7 20 d6 exd6 21 exd6l2Je6 22 .1ιb2 :f5 23 .1ιχι7 Φχg7 24 ':d2l2Jc5 251:te Ι Φf6= Ernst­Nijboer Dieren 2002 17 ••. fxe4 18l2Jg5 1:tfd8 19l2Jxe41:td7 20 d6 exd6 21 l2Jxd6 l2Jc7 22 Φι'1 l2Je6= Bauer-Sνidler, Cannes 200 Ι

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168 Detoi/s

(59) Ι d4 lfJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lfJc3 d5 4 cxd5 lfJxd5 5 e4 lfJxc3 6 bxc3 i..g7 7 lfJf3 c5 8 %:tbl ο-ο 9 i..e2 cxd4 10 cxd4 'i'a5+ 11 i..d2 (diogrom) 11 •.• 'i'xa2 12 ο-ο i..g4 12 ... i..d7 13 Axb7 Ac8 14 i..g5 h6 15 i..h4°o Shipoν-Iνanoν, Moscow 1995 15 ... a5!? Shipoν; 12 ... 'ife6 13 'iic2 'ii'c6 14 'iid3 'ilί'd6 15 i..b4 'i'd8 16 d5lfJa6 17 i..a3 b6 18 'i'e3 lfJc5 19 1:rfd Ι i..g4 20 e5 1Σc8°ο Gelfand­Κamsky, Belgrade 1991; 12 ... a5 Ι 3 i.g5 (13

d5 04 14 i..b4 03 15 e5 i..f5 16 :c Ι 'iib2 17 i..xe 7 :e8 18 i.c5 i.xe5 19 liJxe5 'i'xe5 20 Jιc4~ Petursson) 13 ... a4 14 d5 a3 15:b4 b5 16 i..xb5 i..a6 17 1Wd3 i..xb5 18 Aχb5 Ac8 19 Ab3 i..b2 20 i..χe7 1%c Ι 21 :χc Ι Jιχc Ι 22 g3!?oo Zezylkin; 12 ... lfJd7 13 i..b4lfJb6 14lfJe5 Jιe6 15 Jιχe7 :fc8 16lfJd3 i.c4 17:e Ι i.xd4 18lfJb4 i.xe2 19 'iiχd4 'iic4 20 'iie3?! (20 'ifb2 'iie6 21 i.f6;t S.lνanoν) 20 ... 1We6! 21 i..h4~ S.lνanoν-Zdrojewsky, Leningrad 1990; 12 ... b6 13 i.g5 i..b7 14 Ac Ι Jιxe4 15 i..χe7 1:te8 16 i.c4 'ifa5 17 i.c5 bχc5 18lfJg5 :e7 19 lfJχe4 lfJd7 20 dxc5 :d8 21 i..d5lfJf6 22lfJxf6+ i..xf623 'iff3 i..g5! = Gelfand-lνanchuk, Noνgorod 1996 13 i..g5 h6 14 Jιe3 lfJc6 15 d5 lfJa5 16 i..c5 b6!? 16 ... i..f6 17 e5 i..xe5 18 1::tb4 ± Kramnik-Anand, Dos Hermanos 1996 17 i..xe7 :fe8 18 d6lfJc6 19 i..b5 lfJxe7 20 i.xe8 Axe8 21 dxe7 'ifa3 22 lIel "iixe7 23 h3 Jιe6 24 "iia4 "iid7 25 "iia6 1::td8 26 1%e3 'iic7 27 :d3 :c8~ Bunzmann-Van Wely, Germany 200 Ι

(60) Ι d4 lfJf6 2 c4 g6 3 lfJc3 d5 4 cxd5 lfJxd5 5 e4 lfJxc3 6 bxc3 i..g7 7 lfJf3 c5 8 ':b Ι ο-ο 9 i..e2 cxd4 Ι Ο cxd4 'iia5 + Ι Ι i.d2 "iixa2 12 ο-ο b6 (diogrom) 13 'iicl i..b7 14 Jιc4 'iia4 15 Jιb5 1Wa2 16 1::tel ':c8 17"iid Ι "iic2 17 ... e6 18 'iie2 (18 i..04 lίJc6 19 d5 exd5 20 i.b3 'ik03 21 exd5 lfJd4 22 liJxd4 i..xd4 23 "iig4 i..c3 24 i.c Ι 'iib4 25 ':e4 'iib5 26 "iidl 1:te8 27 :Xe8+ 'iixe8 28 Jιb2 i..xb2 29 :Xb2 'iie5 3Ο ':e2 1Wd6+

Khenkin-Van Wely. France 2000) 18 ... liJc6 19 'iie3 (19 i..c4 'if03 20 d5 exd5 21 exd5 liJd4 22 liJxd4 i..xd4 23 i..b4 'ii04 24 i.b5 'ikc2 25 d6~) 19 ... 1:td8 20 ':al "iib2 21 1::tebl 'iic2 22 ':cl tbxd4 23lfJχd41Wχe4 24lfJc6 'ifχe3 25 Jιχe3 Jιxc6 26 i.χc6= Sakaev-Ernst. Gausdal 1992 18 'i'e2 'iic7 18 ... lfJc6 19 i..d3 'it'a2 20 i..c4 'ika4 21 i..b3 'it'a6 22 "iie3 1::tf8 23 :taι "iib5 (23 ... lfJ05?! 24 ':ebl!± Komaroν-Liss. Paris 1996) 24 :ebl 'iih5 25 h3 e6~ 19 ':bcl 'it'd8 20 1:rxc8 'i'xc8 21 1::tcl 'it'd8 22 i..f4 a5 23 1::tc7 23lfJg5?! lfJa6 24 'i'a2 e6= Khalifman-Dvoirys. USSR 1990 23 •.• i.c8 24 lfJg5 lfJa6 25 'it'a2 liJxc700 Sakaev

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Detαils 169

(61) Ι d4 ~f6 2 c4 g6 3 ~c3 d5 4 cxd5 ~xd5 5 e4 ~xc3 6 bxc3 J..g7 7 ~o c5 8 1:tb Ι ο-ο 9 ~e2 ~c6 Ι Ο d5 (diαgrαm) Ι 0 .•• ~xc3 + Ι Ι ~d2 ~xd2 + 12 'ii'xd2 ~a5 13 h4 ~ι4 14 h5 ~xf3 15 gxf3 e5 15 ... e6 16 'ir'h6 'ir'f6 17 hxg6 'ir'χg6 18 'ir'h2 ~h8 19 'itId2 f6 20 1:tbgl "ikf7 21 dxe6± Bjarnason­Grunberg, Biel 1985 16 hxg6 16 'ii'c3?! 1:te8 17 hχg6 fχg6 18 'ii'xc5 b6 19 'ii'e3 1Ic8 20 1Ic Ι 1Ixc Ι + 21 'ii'xc Ι Κamsky-Timman, Linares

1991 21 ... ~b7 Δ ~c5+, Timman; 16 f4?! exf4 17 "ikxf4 'i!ie7 18 f3 1:tae8 19 ~b5 'ii'e5 20 'ii'xe5 1:txe5 21 ~d3 1:tfe8 22 Φf2 g5 23 1:tbg Ι 'it'f8 24 h6 c4 25 ~bl f6 1(2-1(2 Tyomkin-Vydeslaver, Rishon le Ζίοπ 1995; 16 'i!ih6!? g5 17 ':g Ι f6 18 f4 exf4 19 e5! "ike7 20 exf6 'ii'xf6 21 1:tχg5 + Φh8 22 'ii'xf6+ 1:txf6 23 Φd2 1:te8 24 1:tbg Ι c4 25 ~f3 %:td6 26 1Ig7t Κarason-Rychagov, Gausdal 1991 16 ... fxg6 17 d6 b6 17 ... 1If6 18 'ii'd5 + Φh8 19 "ikxe5 b6 20 1:td Ι ~c6 21 'i!id5 ~d4 22 e5 1:tf5 23 ':xd4! cxd4 24 ~d3t Novikov-Danailov, Poznan 1985 18 'ii'd5+ Φι7 19 'iVxe5+ 'ii'f6 20 'ii'h2 20 'iixf6+? ':xf6 21 e51:tf5 22 f4 1:txf4 23 1Ih3 1:te4 24 1:te3 1Ixe3 25 fxe3 1:re8+ Comas Fabrego-Sion Castro, Alicante 1989; 20 'iig3!? 1:tad8 21 e5 'ii'f5 22 1:td Ι ~6 23 f4 ~d4 24 1:rxd4 cxd4 25 ~d3 'iif7 26 f5 1:tfe8 27 1:txh7+! ι-ο Agrest-Tella, Italy 1998 20 ... h5 21 1:td Ι 21 'iig3 ~c6!? 22 1Ixh5?! (22 ':d Ι - 1:td Ι) 22 ... 1:th8 23 e5 'iVe6 24 1:tg5 1:thl + 25 ~fl ~d4 26 d7 1IgI Ο-Ι Kornev-Κalantarian, Κstovo Open 1994 21 ... ttJc6 21 ... ttJc4 22 .i.xc4 "ikc3 + 23 Φfl 'i!ixc4+ 24 Φg2 1:tad8 25 'iie5+ Φιθ 26 1:td5 1:tf7 27 1:[h3 ':dd7 28 1Ig3 1:tg7 29 'iie6+ ι-ο Kramnik-lνanchuk, Paris PCA-Intel Grand ΡΓίχ 199522 'ii'g3 22 ':d5!? tαI4 23 'ii'g3 lί)xf3 + 24 'otfl 'ii'c3 25 Φg2 ~θ 1+ 26 'iti>h2 'ii'xg3 + 27 Φχg3 lί)c2 28 e5 ~4 29 ':xd4 cxd4 30 e6 1:rfd8 31 d7 Φf6 Βυ Xiangzhi­Κalantarian, New York Oρeπ 2000 22 ... lί)d4! 23 ':xh5 1:th8 24 1:td5 ~e6!= Halkias-Lputian, Yereνan Zonal, 2000

(62) Ι d4 ~f6 2 c4 g6 3 lί)c3 d5 4 cxd5 ~xd5 5 e4 ~xc3 6 bxc3 ~ι7 7 ~f3 c5 8 1:tb Ι ο-ο 9 .i.e2 lί)c6 Ι Ο d5 lί)e5 (diαgrαm) 11 ~xe5 ~xe5 12 "ikd2 12 1Ib3 12 ... e6 13 f4 J..g7 14 c4 1:tea 15 'i!ic2 ~d4 16 ~θ3 exd5 17 cxd5 ~f5 Ι θ ~xd4 J..xe4 19 'ii'xc5 1:tcθ 20 'ii'a3 "xd5 21 ~e5! (21 ~e3? 1Ic2+ Ogaard-Ftacnik, Gjovik 1983) 21 ... 1:tc2 22 ':e3! ~xg2 23 1:tgl ~o 24 'i!ia4 1:txe2+ 25 1:txe2 b5 26 'i!ic2 ~χθ2 27 Φχe2 f6 28

1:txg6+! 'iti>h8!= Ftacnik 12 ... e6 12 ... b6 IΗ4 J..g7 14 ο-ο e6 15 d6 J..b7 16 e5 f6 17 'i!ie3 fxe5 18 fxe5 1:[xf Ι + 19 J..xf Ι 'i!ih4 20 J..d2 1:tf8;1; Van Wely­Lutz, Groningen 1993 13 (4 ~c7 13 ... ~ι7 14 c4 ':e8 15 e5 f6 16 d6 fxe5

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170 Detαi/s

17 .tb2 exf4 18 .txg7 Φχι7 19 ο-ο b6 20 'it'χf4 e5;!; Yusupov-Malaniuk, USSR 1983 14 ο-ο exdS Ι 5 exdS .taS 16 fS 16 d6 b6 Ι 7 .tf3 1:tb8 18 .ta3 i..d7 19 1:tfe Ι ~f6 20 .tb4 i..xb4 21 cχb4 c4 22 1:tbc Ι b5 23 1:te5 1:tfd8 24 'ίi'd4 Φι7 25 g4 'it>g8 26 1:te8+ Φι7 27 1:te5 'it>g8 28 1:te8+ Yeνseev­Mikheev, Togliatty 200 Ι 16 ••• i..xfS 17 1:txb7 'ίi'f6 18 i..b2 'ίi'eS 19 i..f3 c4 20 1:te Ι 'it'd6 21 'ίi'e2 1:tab8 22 'ίi'e7 'ίi'a6 23 1:txb8 1:txb8= Halkias­Bagirov, Tallinn 1997

(63) Ι d4 liJf6 2 c4 g6 3 liJc3 dS 4 cxdS liJxdS 5 e4 liJxc3 6 bxc3 .tg7 7 .tc4 ο-ο 8 liJe2 (diαgrαm) 8 •.. b6 8 ... 'ίi'd7!? 9 ο-ο b6 Ι Ο i..e3 .tb7 Ι Ι 'it'c2 liJc6 12 i..b5 liJb4 13 'it'a4 .tc6 14 .txc6 liJxc6 15 1:tad Ι;!; Kramnik-Yermolinsky, Wijk aan Zee 1999 9 h4 liJc6 Ι Ο hS Ι Ο i.d5!? 'it'd7 Ι Ι h5 e6 12 .tb3 liJa5 13 hxg6 fxg6 14 'it'd3 liJxb3 15 aχb3 c5 16 'ίi'h3 .th8 17 .th6t Klima-Oral, Czech Republic 200 Ι Ι O ••• liJaS Ι Ι .td3 eS

12 hxg6 fxg6 13 i..e3 'ίi' e 7 14 :c Ι 14 'ίi' d2 exd4 15 .txd4 i..e6 16.txg 7 'ίi'xι7 17 liJd4 i..f7 18 ο-ο 1:tad8 19 'it'c2 c5 20 liJf3 i..e8 21 1:tfe Ι .tc6 22 1:tad Ι 'ίi'e7 23 ~e2 :f4~ Stocek-Oral,Turnov 1996 14 .•• c6 Ι 5 ο-ο i..e6 16 f4 16 'it'a4!?oo 16 ••• liJc4!? 17 .txc4 .txc4 18 fxeS 1:txfl + 19 'it'xfl :f8+ Seirawan-leko, Moscow 1994

(64) Ι d4 liJf6 2 c4 g6 3 liJc3 dS 4 cxdS liJxdS 5 e4 liJxc3 6 bxc3 .tg7 7 i..c4 ο-ο 8 liJe2 liJc6 (diαgrαm) 9 ο-ο 9 i..d3 b6 Ι Ο i..g5 'it'd7 Ι Ι ο-ο .tb7 12 'it'd2 e5 13 d5 liJa5 14 c4 c6 15 1:tac Ι 1:tae8 Ι 6 .te3 f5 Ι 7 f3 'it>h8= S.Polgar-Hort, Munich 1991 9 ••• b6 Ι ο i..gS .tb7 11 'it'd2 'it'd6 11 ... 'ίi'd7 12 .tb5 a6 13 i..d3 liJa5 14 1:tab Ι .tc6 15 1:tfc Ι e6 Ι 6 e5 f6 Ι 7 exf6 i..χf6 18 i..xf6 1:txf6 19

cΓ QS f3 b5 20 'it'g5 1:taf8 21 a4t Yusupov-Berndt, Germany 200 Ι U 1:tad Ι eS 12 ... liJa5 13 i..d3 c5 (/3 ... e5 14 i..h6 1:tαe8 15 f3 J:.d8 16 'it'g5 f6 17 'it'h4 .txh6 18 'ίi'xh6 Shliperman-Kudrin, Salt lake City

., <. ~ 1999) 14 d5 e6 15 c4 .ta6@'it'cl exd5 17 exd5 1:tae8;!; Belyaνsky-Gu)ko, Lίnares 1990 13.ta6liJaS 14.txb7liJxb7 IS.th61:tfe816.txg7Φχg7 17 liJg3 1:tad8 18 f4 exd4 19 cxd4 cS 20 d5 f6 21 eS fxe5 22 f5 1:tf8 23 liJe4 "d7 24 f6+ ± lνanchuk-Sνίdler, Wijk aan Zee 1999

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Detoils 171

(65) Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 cxd5 lbxd5 5 e4 lbxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 i.c4 c5 8 lbe2 ο-ο 9 Jiιe3 lbc6 Ι ο 1:tc Ι (diogrom) Ι 0 ••• cxd4 Ι 0 ... lba5!? 11 i.d3 e5 12 dxe5 b6 Ι Η4 'ii'h4 + 14 lbg3 1:td8 Ι 5 'ii' c2 i.e6 Ι 6 c4 i.h6 17 ο-ο lbc6 18 'ii'e2 i.g4~ Zarubin­Zilberstein, Russian Ch 1993 11 cxd4 iVa5+ 12 <ιtfl Jiιd7 12 ... 'iia3 13 iVb3 iVxb3 14 Jiιxb3 i.d7 15 f4 1:tfc8 16 φα lba5 17 d5 lbxb3 18 axb3 i.b2°o Κamsky-Anand,

Las Palmas 1995; 12 ... Jiιg4 13 f3 Jiιd7 14 h4 1:tfd8 15 h5 i.e8 16 hxg6 hxg6 17 Φα 1:tac8 18 Jiιb3 e6= Topalov-J.Sanchez, Palma de Mallorca 1992 13 h41:tfc8 Ι 3 ... 1:tac8. 14 h5 e6 15 hxg6 hxg6 16 e5lbe7 17 ~d3 1:tfe8 18 i.d2 'ika4oo Grϋnberg-Gaugιitz, Germany 1989 14 h5 e5 14 ... lbd8 15 f3 iιb5 16 iιxb5 'ikxb5 17 Φα 'ikb2 18 ~b3 'ίIr'xb3! Shirov 15 hxg6 15 d5 lbd4 16 lbxd4 exd4 17 Jiιxd4? (17 i.d2) 17 ... :xc4 18 :xc4 'iVa6 19 'ίIr'd3 Jiιb5-+ Ι 5 ••• hxg6 16 iVb3 lbd8 17 i.h6 exd4 18 Jiιxg7 rJ!;xg7 = ι.Sοkοlον-Stοhl, Greece 1992

(66) Ι d4 lbf6 2 c4 g6 3 lbc3 d5 4 cxd5 lbxd5 5 e4 lbxc3 6 bxc3 iιg7 7 i.c4 ο-ο 8 lbe2 c5 9 ο-ο lbc6 Ι Ο iιe3 (diogrom) Ι ~ .• iVc7 Ι 0 ... i.d7!? Ι Ι :c Ι 1:tc8 12 'ίIr'd2

\:ii'a5')13 d5 lbe5 14 i.b3 ~§ 15 f4 lbg4 16 c4 iVxd2 17 i.xd2 eχd5 18 cxd5 i.b5 19 i.c4 i.xc4 20 1:txc4 b5 21 ':c2 lbf6= Shirov­Epishin, Daugavpils 1989 11 1:tc Ι Ι Ι 1:tb Ι a6 12 iVcl b5 13 iιd3 1:td8 14 a4lbe5 15 dxe5 1:txd3 16 lbf4 1:td8 17 lbd5 'ίIr'χe5 18 i.χc5

'ίIr'xe4°o 11 ••• 1:td8 12 f4 12 'ίIr'd2 iVa5 13 1:tfd Ι cxd4 14 cxd4 'iVxd2 15 1:txd2 e6 16 i.b5 i.d7 17 i.g5 1:.dc8 18 h3 lbe5 19 :b2=; 12 i.f4 'iί'd7 13 d5 lba5 (l3 ... lbe5 14 be5 be5 15 (4 i.g7 16 'ίIr'b3 1:.b8 1704 'ίIr'c7 18 m Ι iιd7°o VyzhmanaVin-Adorjan, Alushta (994) 14 i.d3 e5 15 i.e3 b6 16 f4 exf4 17 iιxf4 1:teβ 18 lbg3 lbb7 19 'ίIr'O f6 20 h4 lbd6 21 h5! Cramling­Dzevlan, Stockholm 1994/95 12 •.• i.g4 13 f5 gxf5 14 h3 i.xe2 14 ... i.h5 15 1:.xf5 Jiιg6 (15 ... cxd4 16 i.f4 'ίIr'b6 17 rJ!;h Ι dxc3 18 'iί'fl 'iVb4°o Lobach­Krupkoνa, Pardubice Open, (992) 16:tf2 e6 17 i.d3 'iί'e7 18 iVa4 a6 19 Jiιb Ι cχd4 20 cxd4 b5 21 'iWd Ι 1:tac8 22 rJ!;h Ι lba5 23 d5 lbc4°o Bellon Lopez-Conquest, Hastings 1985/86 15 'iWxe2 cxd4 16 cxd4 'iVd6 17 J:ιxfS lbxd4 18 i.xf7+ Φh8 19 i.xd4 'ii'xd4+ 20 Φhl 1:.ac8= Mukhin-Jansa, Primorsko 1973

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172 Details

(b-Cf, 1]1. 1)+--

(67) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 d5 4 cxd5 l2Jxd5 5 e4 l2Jxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 i.c4 c5 8 l2Je2 l2Jc6 9 i.e3 ο-ο Ι Ο 0-0 i.g4 Ι Ι f3 l2Ja5 (diagram) 12 i.xf7 + 1:[xf7 13 fxg4 1:Σ.xfl+ 14 Φxfl ~d6 15 Φιl 15 e5 ikd5 16 g5 'ife4 17 i.f2 ':f8 18l2Jg Ι l2Jc4 19 l2Jf3 l2Je3 + 20 .Jtxe3 'iVxe3 21 'ifb3 + <it;>h8 22 1:Σ.e Ι (Belyaνsky-Κasparov. Linares 1992) 22 ... .:xf3 + 23 gxf3 'ifxf3 + 24 '.t>g Ι 'ifg4 + 25 Φh Ι (25 ιl;f2cc) 25 ... 'iff3 + = 15 .•• 'ife6

16 l2Jg3 16 'ifd3 'ifc4 17 'ifxc4 + lΔxc4 18 i.g5 cxd4 19 cxd4 e5 20 ':c Ι b5 21 dxe5 i.xe5 22 1:[d Ι (Seirawan-HoΓt. Lugano 1988) 22 ... :e8 =; 16 'ifc2?! ~xι4 17 dxc5 lΔc4~ 18 h3?? 'ifxg2 +! 19 'it>xg2l2Jxe3 + 20 Φg3 l2Jxc2 Ηυίπ­Delphine. Meudon 1992; 16 e5 'ifxg4 17 l2Jf4 'ifxd Ι + 18 1:Σ.χd Ι l2Jc4 19.Jtf2 cxd4 20 cxd4 :c8 21 l2Jd5 Φf8= Fer-Vokarev. Perm 1993 16 ... 'ifc4 17 ~d2 17 1:Σ.c Ι cxd4 18 cxd4 ikxa2 19 1:[c7 b5 20 d5 l2Jc4 21 i.c5 l2Jb2! 22 'iff Ι ':f8t Dadason-Jensson. Reykjavik 1996; 17 'ife2 'ifxc3 18 1:Σ.c Ι ~xe3 +! 19 'ifxe3 .Jtxd4 20 Φα iLxe3 + 21 Φχe3 b6+ Orso-Kocsis. Hungary 1998; 17 l2Je2 1:Σ.d8 18 'ifd2 'ife6 19 i.h6 ikxe4+ Madhy-Fairbairn, Copenhagen 1998 17 ... 1:Σ.d8 18 1:Σ.cl 'ifa4 19 .Jth6?! 19 d5 19 ... i.xh6 20 'iVxh6 cxd4 21 l2Jh5 gxh5 22 'ifg5+ 1/2-1/2 Graf-Macejia. Ευ Ch 200 Ι. 22 'ifg5+ Φf8+

(68) Ι d4 l2Jf6 2 c4 g6 3 l2Jc3 d5 4 cxd5 l2Jxd5 5 e4 l2Jxc3 6 bxc3 i.g7 7 i.c4 ο-ο 8 l2Je2 c5 9 ο-ο l2Jc6 10 i.e3 (diagram) 10 ... cxd4 10 ... i.g4 11 f3 i.d7!? (I1 ... l2Ja5 12 i.d5 .Jtd7 13 :bl 'ifc7 14 i.f4 'ifc8 15 α3 e6 16 i.a2 b6 17 'ifd3 i.a4 18 d5 c4 19 ikd2 exd5cc Granda-Dorfman. Haνana 1988) 12 1:Σ.b Ι ':c8 13 dxc5 l2Ja5 14 i.d5 ~c7 15 a3 1:Σ.fd8 16 'ifc Ι e6 17 i.a2 i.fB 18 '.t>h Ι i.xc5 19 i.g5 1:Σ.e8cc Murei-Kouatly, Marseilles

1987 11 cxd4 l2Ja5 Ι 1 ... i.g4 12 f3 lΔa5 13 i.d5 i.d7 14 :b Ι a6 15 i.xb7 ':a7 16 i.d5 i.b5 17 a4 i.xe2 18 'ifxe2 e6 19 i.c4 .Jtxd4 20 :fd Ι i.xe3 + 21 'ifxe3 1:[d7 22 i.e2 ':xd 1+ 23 :Xd Ι 'ifc8= Polugaeνsky-Mecking. Lucerne 1977 12 .Jtd3 b6 13 1:[c Ι e6 14 ikd2 14 'ifa4 i.d7 15 'ifa3 :e8 16 ':fd Ι i.f8 17 'ifb2 'fie7 18l2Jc3 :ec8 19l2Jb5 lΔc6 20 d5 exd5 21 exd5 'ife5!= Nenashev-Dvoirys. Novgorod 1995 14 ... i.b7 15 h4 'ifd7 16 i.h6 ':fc8 17 i.xg7 Φχι7 18 h5t Christiansen-Wurzel. Porz 1991

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Details 173

Γτ-- .'γ (69) Ι d4 lίJΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 lίJc3 d5 4 cxd5 lίJxd5 5 e4 lίJxc3 6 bxc3 j.g7 7 .ltc4 ο-ο 8 lίJe2 c5 9 ο-ο lίJc6 Ι Ο .lte3 .ltg4 Ι Ι f3 lίJa5 12 j.d3 cxd4 13 cxd4 .lte6 14 d5 (diagram) 14 ••• j.xa Ι 15 'ifxa Ι Ι6 16 .lth6 1:te8 16 ... .ltd7!? 17 .ltxf8 'ifb6 + 18 lίJd4 1:txf8 19 1:tb Ι ~d6 20 'ii'c3 ~e5oo Christiansen-Lagunov. Porz 1991 17 ~h Ι !? 17 :bl a6 18 'ifd4.1tf7 19 f4 1:tc8 20 f5 b5 21 fxg6 hxg6 22 a4 lίJc4~ Shamkovich

17 ••• j.d7 18 e5 1:tc8 19 lίJΙ4 lίJc4 20 lίJxι6 j.a4 21 e6 hxg6 22 .ltxg6 lίJe5 23 j.e4 j.c2 23 ... 'ifa5 24 'ifd4 %1c4 25 'iff2 1:txe4 26 fxe4 'ii'c3 (Christiansen-Korchnoi. Reggio Emilia 1987) 27 d6! 'ifd3 28 dxe7 j.b5 29 :e Ι 24 j.xc2 :xc2 25 'ifd Ι Φh7 25 ... 'ifc7 26 f4 1:tc Ι 27 ~xc Ι 'ifxc Ι 28 1:txc Ι lίJg4 29 h3 lίJxh6 30 g4 %1d8 31 1:tc7 ± Kobalija-Zakharstov. St Petersburg 200 Ι 26 Ι4 ~xh6 27 fxe5 1:tc4 28 'ifd3 b5 29 exf6 exf6 30 d6t C.Hansen-McShane. Sigeman & Co 2003

1" S' -Co (70) Ι d4 lίJΙ6 2 c4 g6 3 lίJc3 d5 4 cxd5 lίJxd5 5 e4 lίJxc3 6 bxc3 j.g7 7 j.c4 ο-ο 8 lίJe2 c5 9 ο-ο lίJc6 Ι Ο j.e3 .ltg4 Ι Ι f3 lίJa5 12 j.d3 cxd4 13 cxd4 j.e6 (diagram) 14 'ifa4 14 1:tcl j.xa2 15 ~a4 j.e6 f"7-;-, (15 ... .ltb3!? 16 'ifb4 b6 17 j.g5 f6 18 j.f4 e5 -. ' 19 j.e3 exd4 20 lίJxd4 .ltfl 21 .lta6 1:te8 22 :'fdl 'ife7 23 'ifxe7 1:txe7 24 lίJc6 lίJxc6 25 1:txc6 draw. Kramnik-Shirov. Candidates 1998) 16 d5 j.d7 17 ~b4 e6 18 lίJc3 exd5

19 lίJxd5 j.e6 20 :fd Ι .ltxd5 21 exd5 1:te8 22 j.f2 j.f8oo Shipov-Neverov. St.Petersburg 1994 U ... a6 15 d5!t5 16 'ifb4 1.,2, 'ifa3!? 16 ..• j.xa Ι 16 ... lίJc6!? 17 'ifc5!? (17 'ifa3? iLxa Ι 18:Χα Ι b4! 19 ~b3 lίJe5 20 j.h6 'ifb6 + 21 ΦΓI lίJxd3 22 ~xd3 j.d7 Δ j.b5+. Browne) 17 ... j.xa Ι 18 :'xa Ι lίJe5 19 .lth6 j.d7 20 'δ'd4 f6 21 j.xf8 'if;>xf8 22 f4 lίJxd3 23 ~xd3 1:tc8 24 'ίWe3 1:tc4 25 h3 "a5 26 e5 'ifb4 27 1:td Ι 1:te4t Browne-Wolff. San Francisco 1991 17 La Ι j.d7 18 ~d4 18 a4 lίJc4 19 j.xc4 bxc4 20 j.b6 'ifb8 21 :b Ι 1:te8 22 'ίWxc4 .ltb5 23 axb5 "xb6+ 24 lίJd4 1:tec8 25 'ίWb4 axb5+ Budraitis-Akoral. Vaxjo 1992 18 ••• 1:tc8 18 ... f6 19 e5 fxe5 20 ~xe5 'ifb8 21 'ifxe7 1:te8 22 'ifc5 lίJb7 23 'ίWc Ι lίJd6! 24 lίJg3 (24 lίJd4!?oo) 24 ... j.f5 25 ~d2! j.xd3 26 'it'χd3 'ifd8 27 j.c5! lίJb7!? 28 .ltf2 lίJd6 29 .ltc5 lίJb7 30 .lte3 lίJd6 = Browne-Ernst. Reykjavik 1990 19 j.h6 Ι6 20 .ltχf8 ~xf8~ Piket-Van Wely. Netherlands Ch. 2000

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174 Details

Gf-(C 1Jf,1.2..l-(71) Ι 'd4 tί'Jf6 2' c4 g6 3 tί'Jc3 d5 4 cxd5 tί'Jxd5 5 e4 tί'Jxc3 6 bxc3 iί.ι7 7 iιc4 ο-ο 8 tί'Je2 c5 9 ο-ο tί'Jc6 Ι Ο iί.e3 cxd4 Ι Ι cxd4 iί.ι4 12 f3 tί'Ja5 (diagram) 13 iί.xΠ + 1:ίχΠ 14 fxg4 1:ίxf1 + 15 Φxfl e5 15 ... 'iWd7 16 h3 'iί'e6 17 "iί'd3 'ii'c4 18 'iVxc4+ tί'Jxc4 19 iιι5 e5 20 d5 h6 21 iί.c Ι tί'Jd6 22 tί'Jι3 1:tc8 23 iιe3 :c3~ Dlugy-Nikoloff, Toronto 1989 16 d5 16 ~ι Ι 1:tc8 17 d5 tί'Jc4 18 iί.f2 tί'Jd6 (18 .. :iid7 19 :Ιc Ι b5 20 g5 a5co Van Wely-Leko, Monaco

2001) 19 tί'Jι3 iί.h6 20 h4 iιf4 21 g5 'iVd7 22"iί'o 1:ίf8?! (22 ... b5!?) 23 "iί'e2 "c8 24 tί'JfI ± YusuΡOν-Sutoνsky, Essen 200 Ι 16 .•• tί'Jc4 17 'iί'd3 tί'Jxe3 + 18 'it'xe3 "iί'h4 19 h3 iιh6 19 ... b6 20 ΦΙ Ι iί.f8 21 Φh Ι iί.c5 22 'iVd3 'ii'f6 23 tί'Jι Ι "iί'f2~ Nenashev-Conquest, Groningen 1997 20 'it'd3 1:tf8+ 21 ΦΙL 'it'f2+ 22 Φhl 'iVe3= Kramnik-Shirov, Candidates 1998

• • • •

Definitions ο( Symbo/s

+ ;t

; ± =+=

!! !?

?!

?

?? 00

σο

Δ

Ch

corr

check

slight adνantage for White

slight advantage for Black

clear adνantage for White

clear adνantage for Black

equal game

good move

excellent move

move deserνing attention

dubious move

weak move

blunder

with compensation

with counterplay

with initiative

unclear

with the idea of

Championship

correspondence game

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Before the Fight

Ιη this book Ι hope I've made a convincing argument for

playing the Grunfeld ίη your tournament games. Ι believe this

is the Ρeήect opening (or those who are looking for a

dynamic struggle. $0 many unclear positions and complexities

arise that it is sometimes difficult to know how to continue.

Βυι that is precisely what makes your choice of opening so

exciting. The best advice at times like this is: 'Don't be afraid,

and try to play'.

Play and analyse again and again your οννη games, as well as

games by notable players. Ι always advise my students ιο

attempt ιο understand the main strategic concepts of an

opening, not just strings of moves. When you understand the

concepts, then you will be able ιο see ηοι only the obvious

continuations, but hidden threats as well. This could apply ιο

any opening you are going ιο use.

1'11 finish with some more specific advice. I'd like ιο quote

from Garry Κasparov, who once told me: 'This is an opening

ίη which you never know beforehand what kind ο( threat

you may face during the game and where it comes from.

Therefore you have to be ready ιο meet your opponent's

plans at any time and οη any part of the board'.

That applies when playing with White ΟΓ Black!

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• Detailed variations are given at the close of the book, summarising the main lίnes with assessments.

The counter-attacking Grϋnfeld Defence is a favourite opening ofthe legendary Garry Kasparov.ln this book, Kasparov's friend and confidante, International Master Michael Khodarkovsky, lets us into the secrets of Kasparov's opening preparation, expla ins the most important elements of Grϋnfeld strategy and n i\J"" "π IIn-tn-rlMe survey ofthe criticallines.

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