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The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation
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The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation • Composition / Structure • Radiative transfer • Vertical and latitudinal heat transport • Atmospheric circulation • Climate modeling Suggested further reading: Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979)
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The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation. Composition / Structure Radiative transfer Vertical and latitudinal heat transport Atmospheric circulation Climate modeling. Suggested further reading: Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of The Atmosphere: Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation
The Atmosphere:Part 7: The Extratropical Circulation
• Composition / Structure
• Radiative transfer
• Vertical and latitudinal heat transport• Atmospheric circulation• Climate modeling
Suggested further reading:
Holton, An Introduction to Dynamical Meteorology (Academic Press, 1979)
Roles of atmosphere and ocean
Trenberth & Caron (2001)
net
ocean
atmosphere
Circulation in our 2D model
Ω
f = 0
f > 0
f < 0
Hadley Cell
T = Te
Plenty of APE in middle and high latitudes
Experiment on rotating table with imposed temperature gradient
hot water bathcold water bath
working fluid
rotating turntable
Rapid rotation — baroclinic instability
tropics — direct overturning extratropics — eddy transport
Atmospheric heat transport
Atmospheric heat transport
Warm air upward and poleward
Cold air downward and equatorward} Efficient poleward heat transport
Roles of atmosphere and ocean
Trenberth & Caron (2001)
net
ocean
atmosphere
Angular momentum budget
Low level westerlies — loss of
AM to surface through friction
Low level easterlies — gain of
AM from surface through friction
Atmospheric angular momentum transport
Observed angular momentum transport total
transient eddies
stationary eddies
(mean circulation)
Eddy angular momentum transport
