Tee m2464 En1997 Εφαρμογεσ 1
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Transcript of Tee m2464 En1997 Εφαρμογεσ 1
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() ()
2009 2009
7 ( 7 (EN 1997)EN 1997) 7 ( 7 (EN 1997)EN 1997)
. , .
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7.1 ( EN 1997-1 )
1. 2 2. 3. 4 4. , 5. ,
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
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6 :
:
: ( ) ( )
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6 :
1. : ( GEO)
( GEO)
( EQU)
( GEO) ( GEO)
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1.1
V RVd RvdVd = .
, , . .
Rvd = ( ).
Rvd = (1/R) R (Fk , Xk)
R (Fk , Xk) . 1997-1.
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1.1 Vd Rvd
1997-1, 2* (DA-2*), :E V (Fk , Xk) (1/R) R (Fk , Xk) V (F Fk , Xk) (1/R) R (Fk , Xk)E ( k , k) ( R) ( k , k) (F k , k) ( R) ( k , k)
1 + R2 :1 : F = = 1.35 1.50 R2 : R = 1.40
: FS = F R 1.40 x 1.40 = 1.96
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1.2
: :
Hd Rd + Rp;dH ( ) Hd = ( ) . .
Rd = .
Rp;d = , .. ( ( ).
2* (DA-2*)
: d = E H (Fk , Xk) d = H (F Fk , Xk)
, 2 (DA-2 )
Rp;d 1 ( .3) :F = = 1.35 1.50
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1.2 Hd Rd + Rp;d
Rp;d Rp;d = Rp / R R =1.40 ( .5)
Rd :
: R = (V tan ) /
R 1.40 ( .5)
: Rd = (V k tan k) / R;h : Rd = (Ac cu;k) / R;h
V k = k = .
, ('cv;k), (2/3 'cv;k) .
Ac = cu;k =
( 5 ) R;h = ( .5, ). DA-2* : R;h = 1.1
: FS = F R;h 1.40 x 1.10 = 1.54
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1.3 ( EQU )
E < E E E
EdstEstb
Edst,d < Estb,d dst Edst,k < stb Estb,kEdst,d =
Estb,d =
2* (DA-2*). .1 1997-1 :
: FS = dst / stb = 1.10 / 0.9 = 1.22
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1.4
: , , , , .
, , 11 1997-1, .
, 3 (DA-3) 11
Rd > Ed
R ( F X / ) ( F X / )R (F Fk , Xk / M) > (F Fk , Xk / M)
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: ( 2*, DA-2*)
: : = 3m , : L = 4m : D = 1m
:E ( ): = 20 kN/m3 ): = 20 kN/m3
: ' = 28
: c' = 10 kPa
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:
( ) :
: Gk = 1800 kN : Qk = 350 kN
: Gk = 360 kN : Qk = 70 kN : = 0 kN : LGk = 0 kN : LQk = 0 kN
( ) : MG k = 1080 kNm ( ) G,k ( L) : MLG,k = 0 kNm ( ) : MQ,k = 210 kNm ( L) : MLQ k = 0 kNm ( L) : MLQ,k 0 kNm
( ) : qk = 0
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:
1. :
E E ( F X )Ed = E (F Fk , Xk)
.3 .5 1997-1 ( 1 2*). ( )
: d = Vd = G Gk + Q Qk = 1.35 x 1800 + 1.50 x 350 = 2955 kN
( ) : d = G Gk + Q Qk = 1.35 x 360 + 1.50 x 70 = 591 kN
( ) : ( ) : Ld = G LGk + Q LQk = 0 kN
( ) : d = G MG,k + Q MQ,k = 1.35 x 1080 + 1.50 x 210 = 1773 kN
( L) : = M + M = 0 kNLd = G MLG,k + Q MLQ,k = 0 kN
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2. ( ) :
1997-1 ( DA-2*) :
Rd = (1/R) R (Fk , Xk)
( )
( ) :eBk = MBk / Vk = (1080+210) / (1800+350) = 0.6m
: eLk = MLk / Vk = 0
( B) : tan ( ) = / V = (360+70) / (1800 + 350) = 0 20 = 11 31otan (Bk) = B / V = (360+70) / (1800 + 350) = 0.20 Bk = 11.31o
( L) : tan (Lk) = Lk / Vk = 0 Lk = 0
: = 2 eBk = 3 2 x 0.60 = 1.80mL = L 2 eLk = 4m = L = 7.2 m2
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2. ( ) :
(pu) :
Rd = (1/R) R (Fk , Xk)
1
R = pu B L
( )1 212u c c c q q qp c N s i q D N s i B N s i = + + + i (' = 28) :
Nq = e tan' tan2 (45.+ '/2) = 14.720( 1) / ' 2 803Nc = (Nq - 1) / tan ' = 25.803
N = 2 (Nq- 1) tan ' = 14.590 :
sq = 1 + (B' / L' ) sin ' = 1.2113s = 1 0 3 (B'/L' ) = 0 8650s = 1 0.3 (B'/L' ) = 0.8650sc = (sq Nq -1) / (Nq - 1) = 1.2267
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2. ( ) : (i i i ) :
i = [1 H / (V + A' c' cot ' ) ]m
(iq , i , ic) :m = mB = [2 + (B '/ L' )]/[1 + (B' / L' )] = 1.6897
iq [1 H / (V + A c cot ) ]i = [1 H / (V + A' c' cot ' ) ]m+1ic = iq - (1 iq ) / ( Nc tan ' )
: V = pu B L : H = V tan()
(i , i , i )
( )1 212u c c c q q qp c N s i q D N s i B N s i = + + + (iq , i , ic) , pu ( ). : iq = 0.6949 , i = 0.5602 , ic = 0.6727
: pu,k = pu = 588 kPa : Rk = Vu,k = pu B L = 588 x 1.80 x 4 = 4233 kN
DA-2* :Rd = Rk / R = Vu,k / R,v = 4233 / 1.40 = 3024 kN
(R,v) .5 ( R2 DA-2*) 1997-1.
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2. ( ) : :
Vd Rd Vd = 2955 kN 3024 kN = Rd (FS) (FS) :
FS = R / V = 4233 / (1800 + 350) = 1.97
FS (1 35 1 50) 1 40 1 40 1 40 1 96 : FSmin = F R = (1.35 1.50) x 1.40 1.40 x 1.40 = 1.96
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3. : Hd Rd + Rp;d ( ) ( ) : Rp;d = 0. ( ) : = + = 1 35 x 360 + 1 50 x 70 = 591 kNd = G Gk + Q Qk = 1.35 x 360 + 1.50 x 70 = 591 kN
, ( 2*) :
Rd = (Vk tan k) / R;hVk = Gk + Qk = = k = R;h = .5.
DA-2*, R;h = 1.1 ( R2).
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3. :
R = (V tan ) / R = R / Hd Rd + Rp;d
Rd = (Vk tan k) / R;hVk = Gk + Qk = 1800 + 350 = 2150 kN
Rp;d = Rp / R;e
, () ('cv;k). : = 28 o, :cv;k Rd = ( 2150 x tan(28) ) / 1.10 = 1039.2 kN Rp;d = 0 / 1.40 = 0 : Hd Rd + Rp;d Hd = 591 1039.2 + 0 (FS) : FS = Rk / Hk = ( 2150 x tan(28) ) / (360 + 70) = 2.66 : FSmin = F R = (1.35 1.50) x 1.10 1.40 x 1.10 = 1.54 : FSmin F R (1.35 1.50) x 1.10 1.40 x 1.10 1.54
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2. : ( (, ) .
. ( ).
(.. , , ) , ). , ( ).
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7 : : : :
GEO : -
GEO :
STR : ,
GEO : GEO : (.. )
:V
HV
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:Vd Rd
1997-1, 2* (DA-2*), : V (F Fk , Xk) (1/R) R (Fk , Xk) 1 + R2 :1 : F = = 1.35 1.50 , R2 : R = 1.10 R =
R R RR = Rs + Rb
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( Rk ) :
7 7 , () (n) (n) (. (n) (. ).
Rk : k1. (n) (..
)
2. (n)
3. (n)
4. (fsu) (qbu)
: (4) (). , (m) (4) (4) .
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1 : ( Ru,k )
( ) * ( ) (n) * (.. ). (.. cu qc ) (f ) (q ) (fsu) (qbu). Ru. (n) Ru .
* =
AR = zfDR susu
i (i = 1,2, n) : (fsu , qbu ) bubbu qAR =bRRR += busuu RRR +
(Ru,mean) (Ru,min) ( ) :
= n RR 1 { }uu RR minmin ==i
umeanu RnR
1, { }uu min,
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1 : ( Ru,k )
iRR
=
4
min,
3
,, ,min
umeanuku
RRR :
, 3 4 n :
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.
2 : ( Ru,k )
n Ru :
(Ru,mean) (Ru,min) ( ) : ( ) :
= n umeanu RR , 1 { }uu RR minmin, =
= min,, ,min
umeanuku
RRR :
=in 1
, ,
21,, ku
, 1 2 n :n :
, 10% ( 1)
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R = Rs + Rb
4 : ( Ru,k )
R :
(.. SPT, CPT, PMT) / (.. UU, CU, DS)
R Rs Rb
/ (.. UU, CU, DS) (.. cu , qc , N) (fsu,k ) ( qbu,k ).
: :
{ } { }, ,1 1su bu su k b bu kR R R DL f A q = + = +m m 1997-1 : m = 1.30
m = 1.30 :FS = F * R * m 1.40 x 1.10 x 1.30 = 2.0
: FS = (Rsu + Rbu) / V Vd = Rd F V = (1/R) [ (1/m) (Rsu + Rbu) ]
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:
:
:
. D=0.8m, L=15m.
(Vk) . 80% (permanent) 20% 80% (permanent) 20% (transient).
: , = 18 kN/m3 : cu = 125 kPa
: , = 20 kN/m3 SPT N = 45
7, f DIN 1054 2005 fsu qpu. DIN 1054 : 2005
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:
4 : m= 1.30
DIN 1054:2005 :
: , = 18 kN/m3 : c 125 kPa : cu = 125 kPa : fsu = 45 kPa
: , = 20 kN/m3 SPT N = 45 , qc = 0.5 N = 0.5 x 45 = 22.5 MPa. : fsu = 120 kPa qbu = 3.75 MPa
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2* (DA-2*) :
:
( )
:
( ) ( ) VVVQPF 3812050180351 =+=+= ( ) ( ) kkkkQkGd VVVQPF 38.12.050.18.035.1 =+=+= :
fDR 1 = zfDR ksum
ksu ,, :Rsu,k = (1/1.3) x [3.14 x 0.80 x (45 x 12 + 120 x 3)] = 1043.5 + 695.6 = 1739 kN
kbubm
kbu qAR ,,1= :
A 3 14 0 82 / 4 0 5024 2 R (1/1 3) 0 5024 3750 1449 kNAb = 3.14 x 0.82 / 4 = 0.5024 m2
:
Rbu,k = (1/1.3) x 0.5024 x 3750 = 1449 kN
14491.1
117391.1
111,,, +=+= kbu
bRksu
sRdu RRR kNR du 2898, =
: dud RF , 1.38 Vk 2898 Vk 2100 kN
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(FS=2) :
:
= zfDQ :
zfDQ susu Qsu = 3.14 x 0.80 x (45 x 12 + 120 x 3) = 1356.5 + 904.3 = 2261 kN
bubbu qAQ = :2261 kN
Ab = 3.14 x 0.82 / 4 = 0.5024 m2
Qbu = 0.5024 x 3750 = 1884 kN
: Qu = Qsu + Qbu = 2261 + 1884 = 4145 kN
: Qall / FS = 4145 / 2 = 2072 kN
: FS=2
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8 : :
, , .
:
(investigation tests), /. , .
, :1 (s itabilit tests)1. (suitability tests)2. (acceptance tests).
: , .
, . (proof load), Pp, EN 1537:1999 ( ) .
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:
:
: . , . EN 1537:1999 ( ). P 1 25 E P = 1.25 k Ek (). , (lock-off load) Po = (80-90%) k. .
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Pd Ra;d :
d a;d
Pd = () . (.. )
R = (R ) Ra;d = (Ra ) Ra;d = min { Ra;k / a , Rt;k / m }
: Ra;k = (
). /
a = , 3.3.4(1) A.12. DA-2*, : R2, : a = 1.10
Rt;k = As y k = Rt;k As y,k , . As , y,k
m = 1.15 () : Rt;d = Rt;k / m =
: FS = F a2 a 1.4 x 1.0 x 1.1 = 1.54
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( Ra;k ) Ra;k :
. . ( ( ).
(Ra;k) , (a) : (n) : (Ra,1), (Ra,2), (Ra,n) .
(Ra;k) :( ) ( ) min,,min mameanma RRR = 2 min1; ,min aa meankaR ( ) = n iRR 1 ( ) [ ]RRRR min=( )
=iiameanma
Rn
R1
,, ( ) [ ]naaama RRRR ,2,1,min, ,....,min= (n) : 1 2 3
1 20 1 15 1 10a1 = 1.20 1.15 1.10a2 = 1.20 1.10 1.00
-
:
:
.
( ) :
: PGk = 320 kN : PQk =70 kN P 320 70 390 kN : Pk = 320 + 70 = 390 kN
: , ( ). , (Pk) , (.. ).
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() (Pd) : , . , . .3 1997-1):
Pd = G PGk + Q PQk = 1 35 x 320 + 1 50 x 70 = 537 kNPd G PGk + Q PQk 1.35 x 320 + 1.50 x 70 537 kN
(Ra;k): : , :
Ra;k = d L fsu,k = 3.14 x 0.12 x 8 x 200 = 603.2 kN , :
Ra,1 = 640 kN, Ra,2 = 662 kN , Ra,3 = 700 kN. : (Ra,m)mean = 667.3 kN : (Ra,m)min = 640 kN. , : a1 = 1.10 a2 = 1.00. : ( ) ( )
=
2
min,
1
,; ,min
mameanmaka
RRR = 606.7 kN 21 aa
: Ra;k = 603.2 kN
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(Ra;d) :Ra;d = Ra;k / a = 603.2 / 1.1 = 548.4 kN
(a) A.12. DA-2*, R2, : a = 1.10. (Ra d) (Ra;d) (Rt;d) : Rt;d = Rt;k / m = ( As y,k ) / mAs , y k s , y,k m = 1.15 (). , , 140 mm2 y,k = 1600 MPa. : Rt;k = As y,k = 3 x (140 x 10-6) x 1600 = 0.672 MN = 672 kN, :
R = R / = 672 / 1 15 = 584 3 kNRt;d = Rt;k / m = 672 / 1.15 = 584.3 kN : Ra;d = 548.4 584.3 = Rt;d : Ra;d = 548.4 kN. : Pd Ra;d d a;d : Pd = 537 548.4 = Ra;d (FS) : FS = Rk / Pk = ( d L fsu,k) / (PG+PQ) =
= (3.14 x 0.12 x 8 x 200) / (320 + 70) = 603.2 / 390 = 1.55
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9 : ( , , ) , :
(gravity walls) (gravity walls) (embedded walls) ( )
:
:
: ()
-
:
: . (GEO)
(wale)
(GEO) ( ), , .
, , (wale) (strut) . (STR) . .
( GEO). 11 1997-1.
(hydraulic heave) (hydraulic heave) (piping). 10 1997-1.
, .
- . - .
-
:
-
:
-
:
-
:Rd > Ed ( > ) E
E
:
d d ( )
R
.
. , ,
( ( , ).
( DA-2* ).
, , ( ). , .
-
DA-2* :
:
( )
EE
Rd > Ed ( > ) R
( ) / R > F ( ) F ( ) 1.40 1.35 1.50 1.00
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1 : B0 q = 20 KPa
: = 24KN/m3
P
= 20 KN/m3c = 0
6
m
(, )
x0
W
Pav = 37.5
H
=
6
= 2/3
Pah
a
M
T
h
p
Pph 0: = 20 KN/m3
h
a
B/2
N: = 20 KN/m
c = 10 KPa = = 30B/2
1. ( ).
2. (GEO) : Ed < Rd ( ) d dEd = 1.35 + 1.50 = 1.35 x 75.60 + 1.50 x 25.2 = 139.86 kN/m,ah gP ,ah qP
( )1 tanR N P = + R = 1.10 1.40 ( )tand phR
R N P = + R
: Ed < Rd 139.86 < 175.93 .
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3. (EQU) : Edst,d < Estb,d
E =
H
=
6
m
Edst = . 1.10 () 1.50 ()
E tb = .
h
p
h
a
Estb . 0.9 ( )
Edst,d < Estb,d 109.08 < 496.89
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4. (GEO) : Ed < Rd ( ) 1N i D N i B N i
6
m
( )1 22u c c c q q qp c N s i q D N s i B N s i = + + +
Vd = 454.29 1050.7 = Rd
H
=
6
h
a
.
h
p
-
2 :
. (D) .
-
fillfilla,h,qfillPa,h,q
fillPa h ga,h,gfilla,h,g
soila,h,q soila h gsoilPsoil p,h,g
a,h,gPa,h,q
soilPa,h,g
soilPp,h,g
1. GEO :
. R . , () 20% .
-
fill ( filla,h,qfillPa,h,q
fillPa h g
( q) .
a,h,gfilla,h,g
soila,h,q soilsoilsoil p h g soila,h,gsoilPa,h,q
soilPa,h,g
soilPp,h,g
p,h,g
D C :1 35 ( ) 1 50 ( ) ( ) / 1 401.35 x ( . ) + 1.50 ( . q) = ( . ) / 1.40
D=6m (
20%
( , , R) Rk = 1696 kN/m. 20%, , : D = 1.20 * 6.0 = 7.20m
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2. STR :
() . ( ( ) () , :
1. : (g k) ( g,k)
2. ( + ) : (g+q,k)
: :q,k = g+q,k - g,k
: d = 1.35 *g,k +1.50* q,k
(.. )
-
10 :
UPL ( lift) UPL : (uplift) . ( ( ).
HYD : . . , , (boiling).
UPL HYD
-
1. UPL ( )
: V G + R : Vdst,d Gstb;d + Rd G,dst Gdst + Q,dst Qdst G;stb (Gstb + R)
Vdst,d = ,
Gstb;d = Rd = ( Rd (.
) - ()
: FS = 1 / = 1 / 0 9 = 1 10 : FS = 1 / G;stb = 1 / 0.9 = 1.10
RRd
Vdst,d
-
: = 200 kPa ( ) =150 kPa ( ) G =150 kPa Q =50 kPa ( ). =12m () () .stb;d = G;stb stb;k = G;stb G = 0.9 x 150 = 135 kPaudst;d = G;dst udst;k = G;dst (W H ) = 1.0 x 10 x 12 = 120 kPa : udst;d stb;d 120 < 135 .
-
1. HYD ( ) : S G
HYD : Sdst;d G stb;dSdst;d = Gstb;d =
Sdst,d Gstb;d
: FS = G;dst G;stb = 1.35 / 0.90 = 1.50
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11 : : , ,
, (cut or buried structures), .
, 3 (DA-3)
-
3 (DA-3) :
:(1) ( ) (1) ( ), (2) ( ),
( ( , , ) .
-
,
3 (DA-3) :
( : cd , d : cu;d) (m), :
kc tan1tan kuc ; 1 25 1 40mM
kdc = kmMd
= tantanmM
kuduc
;; = = 1.25 1.40
:(1) : m = 1.1.
(FS) : (FS) :FS = m = 1.25 x 1.1 = 1.38 FS = m = 1.40 x 1.1 = 1.54
(2) 1(2) : m = 1. (FS) :FS = m = 1.25 x 1 = 1.25 FS = = 1 40 x 1 = 1 40 FS = m = 1.40 x 1 = 1.40
-
: 15 2:3 (:) ( ) : ( ) : : = 20 kN/m3 , () : c = 15 kPa () : = 25 , : q = 20 kPa
qd = F q = 1.30 x 20 = 26 kN/m2
:c = c / 1 25 = 15 / 1 25 = 12 kPacd = c / 1.25 = 15 / 1.25 = 12 kPad = arctan (tan / 1.25) = arctan (tan 25 / 1.25 ) = 20.46o
-
( 3)
= 20 kN/m3
cd = 12 kPad = 20 46od 20.46
> 1.0, .
-
: 1998-5 :(1)
(F = = 1).
(2) ( )(2) () (R) ( = R = 1).
(3) (m) ( ) (m) . .
(4) 2 DA-2* (4) 2 DA-2 , 3 (DA-3) 3 (DA 3).
, : 1. : FS = 12. : FS = 1.303. : FS = 14. : FS = 15. : FS = 1.1 ( )